Panax wangianus （Syn. Panax pseudoginseng） S. C. Sun （Araliaceae） is a critically endangered, medicinal plant of North-East India. The objective of this study was to determine how plant size affects flowering phen...Panax wangianus （Syn. Panax pseudoginseng） S. C. Sun （Araliaceae） is a critically endangered, medicinal plant of North-East India. The objective of this study was to determine how plant size affects flowering phenology and to evaluate the effect of climatic factors on flowering, fruiting and seed production. Data on vegetative and repro- ductive characters were monitored from 2016 individuals of Panax wangianus population in Law Lyngdoh, Smit sacred grove in Nongkrem, Shillong, India. Leaflet area was measured by a planimeter. Size variables of both vegetative and reproductive traits in different age classes were measured. Climatic factors were recorded from 2007 to 2009. Age was recorded by counting the number of bud scale scars on the rhizome. Light intensity and relative humidity were measured using a photometer, LiCor Model LI-189 and thermohygrometer respectively. Different climatic variables are correlated with vegetative and reproductive phenological events. Statistical analysis revealed that a strong positive correlation was observed between the age versus vegetative and reproductive characters, except 1%–2% plants showed neoteny. Morphological variations were observed in natural conditions on the basis of the number of prong and carpellate conditions. Phenological status revealed that most of the individuals of the age class 35–50 years and above 50 years contributed the most to flowering, fruiting and seed production. Age class was significant to predict the size of the plant and its reproductive capacity. Climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation and relative humidity show synergistic effect on both the vegetative and reproductive phases in Panax wangianus in the undisturbed Nongkrem sacred grove. The color of flowers of P. wangianus also varied depending upon the sunlight intensity. Therefore, in the view of conservationand management, the age class of 35–50 years and above 50 years is the most important for population sustainability.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to check the antimicrobial potential of eleven different aqueous leaf extracts on Xanthomonas campestris, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Aspergillus fumigatus based on formation of the z...The aim of the present study was to check the antimicrobial potential of eleven different aqueous leaf extracts on Xanthomonas campestris, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Aspergillus fumigatus based on formation of the zone of inhibition (ZOI). Prosopis juliflora showed maximum and significant inhibitory effect on the growth of all the three pathogens. In case of Xanthomonas campestris the effect of this plant extract was almost equal to the strength of Streptomycin 10 mcg, (the metric system uses the term mcg to represent micrograms). Aqueous extracts of some plants formed low zone of inhibition. While some plant extracts were comparatively more effective against all the three pathogens (Xanthomonas campestris, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Aspergillus fumigatus).展开更多
Plasma activated water(PAW)was prepared for 10 min to be applied one tofive times as a foliar spray to rice plants,to investigate plant growth,yield and the concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar in the rice...Plasma activated water(PAW)was prepared for 10 min to be applied one tofive times as a foliar spray to rice plants,to investigate plant growth,yield and the concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar in the rice grains produced.The results reveal that(1)the plant height,stem diameter,dry weight,chlorophyll and total carotene concentrations were improved by∼15%,∼25%,∼24%,∼47%and∼45%,respectively,with respect to control,(2)defense mechanisms of the plants treated with PAW were improved,(3)concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar were enhanced in the rice grains of PAW treated plants and(4)yield was increased by∼14%.展开更多
Antifungal activity of plant extracts and essential oils of six different plant species was tested against three pathogenic fungi, viz., Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme is...Antifungal activity of plant extracts and essential oils of six different plant species was tested against three pathogenic fungi, viz., Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme isolated from Jatropha curcas L. using Poison Food Technique. All the samples tested were found effective in-vitro. More than 60% inhibition of growth of individual fungal species was observed at 100 ppm. Maximum inhibition was observed at concentration of 1000 ppm. However, among the essential oils tested Cinnamomum impressinervium exhibited the strongest activity (80%) in the case of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternate and 78.6% in the case of Fusarium oxysporum at concentration of 1000 ppm followed by Cinnamomum tamala, Cymbopogon jwarancusa and Cymbopogon citratus respectively. Among the plant extracts tested, Catharanthus roseus exhibited stronger activity in comparison to Tithonia diversifolia. Inhibition percentage of all the essential oils and plant extracts increased with the increase in concentration.展开更多
Ephedroid macrofossils have been widely documented in Cretaceous deposits,including numerous from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of NE China.However,few ephedroid macrofossils have been reported from South Amer...Ephedroid macrofossils have been widely documented in Cretaceous deposits,including numerous from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of NE China.However,few ephedroid macrofossils have been reported from South America.Herein,we describe a new plant of the family Ephedraceae,Arlenea delicata gen.et sp.nov.,from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin,Northeast Brazil,based on the vegetative and reproductive structures.It has the typical morphological characteristics of ephedroid plants,including fertile reproductive branches,opposite phyllotaxy,terminal female cones,a sympodial branching system,longitudinally striated internodes,and swollen nodes.Our new finding is unusual in having inner chlamydosperms subtended by two pairs of bracts,reproductive units connected to branches through swollen receptacles and a smooth seed surface.This new ephedroid taxon from the Crato Formation increases our understanding of plant diversity of this group during the Early Cretaceous.Furthermore,the general morphology(fleshy bracts and enlarged receptacles)of this new fossil discovery indicates that seeds of this plant may have been dispersed by animals such as pterosaurs(mainly the Tapejaridae)and birds(Enantiornithes and Ornituromorpha).If true,this would explain the cosmopolitan distribution of Ephedraceae in the Lower Cretaceous.展开更多
Tomato bacterial wilt is an important disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum,which is harmful to the development of tomato industry and seriously affects the yield and quality of tomato.In this study,the strain XF-8...Tomato bacterial wilt is an important disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum,which is harmful to the development of tomato industry and seriously affects the yield and quality of tomato.In this study,the strain XF-8 with antagonism against R.solanacearum was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus velezensis,and its control effect on tomato bacterial wilt was better than that of kasugamycin.The disease index of tomato plants treated with XF-8 was significantly reduced(P<0.05)in the pot experiment,and the control effect was 74.25%,which was higher than 45.11%of kasugamycin treatment group.The antibacterial activity of lipopeptide extract from the fermentation supernatant of strain XF-8 was further verified,and then the inhibitory rate of the substance at the concentration of 1 mg/mL was as high as 96.20%.The microscopic investigations indicated that the surface of R.solanacearum was wrinkled and deformed after treating with lipopeptide extract,and most of the bacteria were dead and rupture of the cell membrane,which leading to the cell death.Meanwhile,the active oxygen was produced and the lipopeptide extract could also significantly induced DNA injuries of R.solanacearum.All these results confirmed that the isolated strain B.velezensis exhibited excellent effect of preventing and controlling the tomato bacterial wilt.Moreover,XF-8 strain has high inhibitory effect on 10 types of pathogenic fungi,which shows broad-spectrum bacteriostasis.This study provides a theoretical basis and strain resources for the development and application of biopesticides,and broadened the potential biocontrol value of B.velezensis.展开更多
Natural herbicides, or environment-friendly bioherbicides have been attracted more and more attentions. Isolation and structural identification of natural herbicide-active compounds from plant pathogens has been prove...Natural herbicides, or environment-friendly bioherbicides have been attracted more and more attentions. Isolation and structural identification of natural herbicide-active compounds from plant pathogens has been proved to be an effective approach for novel lead discovery of the pesticide development. In this study, the metabolites of the mutant strain PAM1, which obtained from PA1 of Pythium aphanidermatum （Eds.） Fitzp by ultraviolet radiation were separated and identified by HPLC, NMR, and IR. The results revealed that three active compounds including 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and two indole derivatives, exhibited inhibition activity on the elongation of radical and coleoptile of Digtaria sanguinalis （L.） Scop.展开更多
Longiflorum and Asiatic lilies of the genus Lilium of the family Liliaceae are two important groups of modem lily cultivars. One of the main trends of lily breeding is to realize introgression between these groups. Wi...Longiflorum and Asiatic lilies of the genus Lilium of the family Liliaceae are two important groups of modem lily cultivars. One of the main trends of lily breeding is to realize introgression between these groups. With cut style pollination and embryo rescue, distant hybrids between the two groups have been obtained. However, the FI hybrids are highly sterile or some of them could produce a small number of 2n gametes, and their BC1 progenies are usually triploids. Dutch lily breeders have selected many cultivars from these BC1 progenies based on their variation. It is presumably suggested that such variation could be caused by intergenomic recombination and abnormal meiosis during gamete formation in F1 hybrids of Longiflorum × Asiatic （LA） hybrids in Lilium. Therefore, the meiotic process of ten F1 LA hybrids was cytologically investigated using genomic in situ hybridization and traditional cytological methods in the present research. The results showed that： at metaphase I, the homoeologous chromosome pairing among different F1 hybrids ranged from 2.0 to 11.4 bivalents formed by homoeologous chromosomes per pollen mother cell （PMC）, and very few multivalents, and even very few bivalents were formed by two chromosomes within one genome rather than homoeologous chromosomes in some PMCs; at anaphase I, all biva- lents were disjoined and most univalents were divided. Both the disjoined bivalents （half-bivalents） and the divided univalents （sister chromatids） moved to the opposite poles, and then formed two groups of chromosomes; because the two resulting half-bivalents retained their axes in the cell undisturbed, many crossover types, including single crossovers, three strand double crossovers, four strand double crossovers, four strand triple crossovers, and four strand multiple crossovers between the non-sister chromatids in the tetrads of bivalents, were clearly inferred by analyzing the breakpoints on the disjoined bivalents. The present investigation not only explained the reason for sterility of the Fl LA hybrids and the variation of their BCx progenies, but also provided a new method to analyze crossover types in other F1 interspecific hybrids as well.展开更多
To study the mechanism of plant K use efficiency, both K high and low use efficiency cotton genotypes, 103 and 122, respectively, were selected from 86 cotton cultivars （Gossypium hirsutum L.）. The research was cond...To study the mechanism of plant K use efficiency, both K high and low use efficiency cotton genotypes, 103 and 122, respectively, were selected from 86 cotton cultivars （Gossypium hirsutum L.）. The research was conducted using pot experiment for planting cotton on without K （0.0 g kg-1 soil） and with K （0.4 g kg-1 soil） treatments in 2005. Experimental result showed that, with K deficiency stress, genotype 103 grew much better than genotype 122 except that its lower leaves showed the symptoms of K deficiency, whereas all the leaves of genotype 122 showed the symptoms of K deficiency. Root dry matter weights of treatments for genotype 103 with and without K application were 1.07 and 1.25 times of genotype 122. It indicated that the root system of genotype 103 was well developed and has better nutrition uptake capability than that of genotype 122. The result also showed that the cotton shoots of genotype 103 were 1.07 and 1.13 times over genotype 122 on treatments of with and without K application. It indicated that genotype 103 has stronger transport organs. In genotype 103, plants, dry matter, and potassium were mainly transported to cotton bolls. The boll dry weight of genotype 103 was 2.58 times in without K treatment and 1.90 times in with K treatment over genotype 122. The potassium accumulation in bolls of genotype 122 was only 49.3% of that in genotype 103. Potassium accumulation in the other organs of genotype 103 was relatively low compared with in bolls. This indicated that the distribution of K and organic matter in genotype 103 was more efficient than genotype 122. The main differences between high K efficiency cotton genotype 103 and low K efficiency genotype 122 lie in their potassium nutrition and organic matter using efficiency on uptake, transportation, accumulation, distribution, and utilization.展开更多
Transcriptional analyses identified molecular mechanisms associated with the response of leaf and root potato tissues to‘Candidatus.Liberibacter solanacearum’(Lso)infection,presumptive causal agent of zebra chip dis...Transcriptional analyses identified molecular mechanisms associated with the response of leaf and root potato tissues to‘Candidatus.Liberibacter solanacearum’(Lso)infection,presumptive causal agent of zebra chip disease(ZC).Putative Lso infection affected several host processes including defense response-,regulation-,starch metabolism-and energy production-related processes.Interestingly,while proteinase inhibitors were strongly upregulated in leaf tissues,a concomitant downregulation was observed in root tissues.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis suggests that alternative splicing might play a role.Furthermore,the transcriptional expression of redox homeostasis-related genes,including superoxide dismutase,showed the most inconsistent response to Lso in leaf and root tissues,highlighting potential targets of Lso susceptibility.Additionally,a net increase in gene expression in ZC-affected tissues despite the concomitant downregulation of photosynthesis-related processes,suggests a putative Lso-mediated low resource-use-efficiency.Subsequent nutritional analyses revealed a hypothesized Lso-mediated increase in nutrient accumulation,particularly a 210 and 108%increases in the potassium concentration of ZC-affected leaf and root tissues,respectively,suggesting an important role for potassium in ZC pathophysiology.This study highlights insights of above and below ground tissues in molecular and physiological aspects associated with potato response to ZC.展开更多
文摘Panax wangianus （Syn. Panax pseudoginseng） S. C. Sun （Araliaceae） is a critically endangered, medicinal plant of North-East India. The objective of this study was to determine how plant size affects flowering phenology and to evaluate the effect of climatic factors on flowering, fruiting and seed production. Data on vegetative and repro- ductive characters were monitored from 2016 individuals of Panax wangianus population in Law Lyngdoh, Smit sacred grove in Nongkrem, Shillong, India. Leaflet area was measured by a planimeter. Size variables of both vegetative and reproductive traits in different age classes were measured. Climatic factors were recorded from 2007 to 2009. Age was recorded by counting the number of bud scale scars on the rhizome. Light intensity and relative humidity were measured using a photometer, LiCor Model LI-189 and thermohygrometer respectively. Different climatic variables are correlated with vegetative and reproductive phenological events. Statistical analysis revealed that a strong positive correlation was observed between the age versus vegetative and reproductive characters, except 1%–2% plants showed neoteny. Morphological variations were observed in natural conditions on the basis of the number of prong and carpellate conditions. Phenological status revealed that most of the individuals of the age class 35–50 years and above 50 years contributed the most to flowering, fruiting and seed production. Age class was significant to predict the size of the plant and its reproductive capacity. Climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation and relative humidity show synergistic effect on both the vegetative and reproductive phases in Panax wangianus in the undisturbed Nongkrem sacred grove. The color of flowers of P. wangianus also varied depending upon the sunlight intensity. Therefore, in the view of conservationand management, the age class of 35–50 years and above 50 years is the most important for population sustainability.
文摘The aim of the present study was to check the antimicrobial potential of eleven different aqueous leaf extracts on Xanthomonas campestris, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Aspergillus fumigatus based on formation of the zone of inhibition (ZOI). Prosopis juliflora showed maximum and significant inhibitory effect on the growth of all the three pathogens. In case of Xanthomonas campestris the effect of this plant extract was almost equal to the strength of Streptomycin 10 mcg, (the metric system uses the term mcg to represent micrograms). Aqueous extracts of some plants formed low zone of inhibition. While some plant extracts were comparatively more effective against all the three pathogens (Xanthomonas campestris, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Aspergillus fumigatus).
基金the Ministry of Education(no.LS2017544)the People’s Republic of Bangladesh,and the University of Rajshahi(No.62/5/52/RU/Engg-05/2020-2021)for their partialfinancial support to carry out this work。
文摘Plasma activated water(PAW)was prepared for 10 min to be applied one tofive times as a foliar spray to rice plants,to investigate plant growth,yield and the concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar in the rice grains produced.The results reveal that(1)the plant height,stem diameter,dry weight,chlorophyll and total carotene concentrations were improved by∼15%,∼25%,∼24%,∼47%and∼45%,respectively,with respect to control,(2)defense mechanisms of the plants treated with PAW were improved,(3)concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar were enhanced in the rice grains of PAW treated plants and(4)yield was increased by∼14%.
文摘Antifungal activity of plant extracts and essential oils of six different plant species was tested against three pathogenic fungi, viz., Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium moniliforme isolated from Jatropha curcas L. using Poison Food Technique. All the samples tested were found effective in-vitro. More than 60% inhibition of growth of individual fungal species was observed at 100 ppm. Maximum inhibition was observed at concentration of 1000 ppm. However, among the essential oils tested Cinnamomum impressinervium exhibited the strongest activity (80%) in the case of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternate and 78.6% in the case of Fusarium oxysporum at concentration of 1000 ppm followed by Cinnamomum tamala, Cymbopogon jwarancusa and Cymbopogon citratus respectively. Among the plant extracts tested, Catharanthus roseus exhibited stronger activity in comparison to Tithonia diversifolia. Inhibition percentage of all the essential oils and plant extracts increased with the increase in concentration.
基金the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico CNPq Processo n°406902/2022e4(INCT PALEOVERT)Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES for the financial support grant to A.M.N.Ribeiro(88887520216/2020e00)+1 种基金the Fundaçao Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico-FUNCAP for the financial support grant to R.A.M.Bantim(#BMD-0124-00302.01.01/19)A.A.F.Saraiva(#BP3-013900202.01.00/18).
文摘Ephedroid macrofossils have been widely documented in Cretaceous deposits,including numerous from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of NE China.However,few ephedroid macrofossils have been reported from South America.Herein,we describe a new plant of the family Ephedraceae,Arlenea delicata gen.et sp.nov.,from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin,Northeast Brazil,based on the vegetative and reproductive structures.It has the typical morphological characteristics of ephedroid plants,including fertile reproductive branches,opposite phyllotaxy,terminal female cones,a sympodial branching system,longitudinally striated internodes,and swollen nodes.Our new finding is unusual in having inner chlamydosperms subtended by two pairs of bracts,reproductive units connected to branches through swollen receptacles and a smooth seed surface.This new ephedroid taxon from the Crato Formation increases our understanding of plant diversity of this group during the Early Cretaceous.Furthermore,the general morphology(fleshy bracts and enlarged receptacles)of this new fossil discovery indicates that seeds of this plant may have been dispersed by animals such as pterosaurs(mainly the Tapejaridae)and birds(Enantiornithes and Ornituromorpha).If true,this would explain the cosmopolitan distribution of Ephedraceae in the Lower Cretaceous.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2022YFD1400700)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Construction Project for the Technological Innovation and Service System of the Tea Industry Chain(K1520005A03)+1 种基金The Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(SKL2023005)The Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(KFB23012).
文摘Tomato bacterial wilt is an important disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum,which is harmful to the development of tomato industry and seriously affects the yield and quality of tomato.In this study,the strain XF-8 with antagonism against R.solanacearum was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus velezensis,and its control effect on tomato bacterial wilt was better than that of kasugamycin.The disease index of tomato plants treated with XF-8 was significantly reduced(P<0.05)in the pot experiment,and the control effect was 74.25%,which was higher than 45.11%of kasugamycin treatment group.The antibacterial activity of lipopeptide extract from the fermentation supernatant of strain XF-8 was further verified,and then the inhibitory rate of the substance at the concentration of 1 mg/mL was as high as 96.20%.The microscopic investigations indicated that the surface of R.solanacearum was wrinkled and deformed after treating with lipopeptide extract,and most of the bacteria were dead and rupture of the cell membrane,which leading to the cell death.Meanwhile,the active oxygen was produced and the lipopeptide extract could also significantly induced DNA injuries of R.solanacearum.All these results confirmed that the isolated strain B.velezensis exhibited excellent effect of preventing and controlling the tomato bacterial wilt.Moreover,XF-8 strain has high inhibitory effect on 10 types of pathogenic fungi,which shows broad-spectrum bacteriostasis.This study provides a theoretical basis and strain resources for the development and application of biopesticides,and broadened the potential biocontrol value of B.velezensis.
基金supported by the grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2011AA10A206)the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(31171877)
文摘Natural herbicides, or environment-friendly bioherbicides have been attracted more and more attentions. Isolation and structural identification of natural herbicide-active compounds from plant pathogens has been proved to be an effective approach for novel lead discovery of the pesticide development. In this study, the metabolites of the mutant strain PAM1, which obtained from PA1 of Pythium aphanidermatum （Eds.） Fitzp by ultraviolet radiation were separated and identified by HPLC, NMR, and IR. The results revealed that three active compounds including 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and two indole derivatives, exhibited inhibition activity on the elongation of radical and coleoptile of Digtaria sanguinalis （L.） Scop.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.30471222）
文摘Longiflorum and Asiatic lilies of the genus Lilium of the family Liliaceae are two important groups of modem lily cultivars. One of the main trends of lily breeding is to realize introgression between these groups. With cut style pollination and embryo rescue, distant hybrids between the two groups have been obtained. However, the FI hybrids are highly sterile or some of them could produce a small number of 2n gametes, and their BC1 progenies are usually triploids. Dutch lily breeders have selected many cultivars from these BC1 progenies based on their variation. It is presumably suggested that such variation could be caused by intergenomic recombination and abnormal meiosis during gamete formation in F1 hybrids of Longiflorum × Asiatic （LA） hybrids in Lilium. Therefore, the meiotic process of ten F1 LA hybrids was cytologically investigated using genomic in situ hybridization and traditional cytological methods in the present research. The results showed that： at metaphase I, the homoeologous chromosome pairing among different F1 hybrids ranged from 2.0 to 11.4 bivalents formed by homoeologous chromosomes per pollen mother cell （PMC）, and very few multivalents, and even very few bivalents were formed by two chromosomes within one genome rather than homoeologous chromosomes in some PMCs; at anaphase I, all biva- lents were disjoined and most univalents were divided. Both the disjoined bivalents （half-bivalents） and the divided univalents （sister chromatids） moved to the opposite poles, and then formed two groups of chromosomes; because the two resulting half-bivalents retained their axes in the cell undisturbed, many crossover types, including single crossovers, three strand double crossovers, four strand double crossovers, four strand triple crossovers, and four strand multiple crossovers between the non-sister chromatids in the tetrads of bivalents, were clearly inferred by analyzing the breakpoints on the disjoined bivalents. The present investigation not only explained the reason for sterility of the Fl LA hybrids and the variation of their BCx progenies, but also provided a new method to analyze crossover types in other F1 interspecific hybrids as well.
文摘To study the mechanism of plant K use efficiency, both K high and low use efficiency cotton genotypes, 103 and 122, respectively, were selected from 86 cotton cultivars （Gossypium hirsutum L.）. The research was conducted using pot experiment for planting cotton on without K （0.0 g kg-1 soil） and with K （0.4 g kg-1 soil） treatments in 2005. Experimental result showed that, with K deficiency stress, genotype 103 grew much better than genotype 122 except that its lower leaves showed the symptoms of K deficiency, whereas all the leaves of genotype 122 showed the symptoms of K deficiency. Root dry matter weights of treatments for genotype 103 with and without K application were 1.07 and 1.25 times of genotype 122. It indicated that the root system of genotype 103 was well developed and has better nutrition uptake capability than that of genotype 122. The result also showed that the cotton shoots of genotype 103 were 1.07 and 1.13 times over genotype 122 on treatments of with and without K application. It indicated that genotype 103 has stronger transport organs. In genotype 103, plants, dry matter, and potassium were mainly transported to cotton bolls. The boll dry weight of genotype 103 was 2.58 times in without K treatment and 1.90 times in with K treatment over genotype 122. The potassium accumulation in bolls of genotype 122 was only 49.3% of that in genotype 103. Potassium accumulation in the other organs of genotype 103 was relatively low compared with in bolls. This indicated that the distribution of K and organic matter in genotype 103 was more efficient than genotype 122. The main differences between high K efficiency cotton genotype 103 and low K efficiency genotype 122 lie in their potassium nutrition and organic matter using efficiency on uptake, transportation, accumulation, distribution, and utilization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31,271,979 and No. 31,571,825)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No.15JCYBJC30100)
文摘Transcriptional analyses identified molecular mechanisms associated with the response of leaf and root potato tissues to‘Candidatus.Liberibacter solanacearum’(Lso)infection,presumptive causal agent of zebra chip disease(ZC).Putative Lso infection affected several host processes including defense response-,regulation-,starch metabolism-and energy production-related processes.Interestingly,while proteinase inhibitors were strongly upregulated in leaf tissues,a concomitant downregulation was observed in root tissues.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis suggests that alternative splicing might play a role.Furthermore,the transcriptional expression of redox homeostasis-related genes,including superoxide dismutase,showed the most inconsistent response to Lso in leaf and root tissues,highlighting potential targets of Lso susceptibility.Additionally,a net increase in gene expression in ZC-affected tissues despite the concomitant downregulation of photosynthesis-related processes,suggests a putative Lso-mediated low resource-use-efficiency.Subsequent nutritional analyses revealed a hypothesized Lso-mediated increase in nutrient accumulation,particularly a 210 and 108%increases in the potassium concentration of ZC-affected leaf and root tissues,respectively,suggesting an important role for potassium in ZC pathophysiology.This study highlights insights of above and below ground tissues in molecular and physiological aspects associated with potato response to ZC.
