The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplane...The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere.Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.展开更多
Seasonal and inter-annual variability of hydrological parameters and its impact on chlorophyll distribution was studied from January 2009 to December 2011 at four coastal stations along the southwest Bay of Bengal. St...Seasonal and inter-annual variability of hydrological parameters and its impact on chlorophyll distribution was studied from January 2009 to December 2011 at four coastal stations along the southwest Bay of Bengal. Statistical analysis （principal component analysis （PCA）, two-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） and correlation analysis） showed the significant impact of hydrological parameters on chlorophyll distribution in the study area. The ranges of different parameters recorded were 23.8-33.8℃ （SST）, 4.00-36.00 （salinity）, 7.0-9.2 （pH）, 4.41-8.32 mg/L （dissolved oxygen）, 0.04-2.45 μmol/L （nitrite）, 0.33-16.10 μmol/L （nitrate）, 0.02-2.51 μmol/L （ammonia）, 0.04-3.32 μmol/L （inorganic phosphate）, 10.09-85.28 μmol/L （reactive silicate） and 0.04-13.8 μg/L （chlorophyll）. PCA analysis carried out for different seasons found variations in the relationship between physico-chemical parameters and chlorophyll in which nitrate and chlorophyll were positively loaded at PC1 （principal component 1） during spring inter-monsoon and at PC2 （principal component 2） during other seasons. Likewise correlation analysis also showed significant positive relationship between chlorophyll and nutrients especially with nitrate （~0.734）. Distribution of hydrobiological parameters between stations and distances was significantly varying as evidenced from the ANOVA results. The study found that the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll was highly dependent on the availability of nutrients especially, nitrate in the southwest Bay of Bengal coastal waters.展开更多
A spectacularly exposed slump is described from a 120-m-long road cut between the villages of Kanod and Deva in the northeastern Jaisalmer Basin of Rajasthan,India.The Upper Jurassic part of the sediments at the outcr...A spectacularly exposed slump is described from a 120-m-long road cut between the villages of Kanod and Deva in the northeastern Jaisalmer Basin of Rajasthan,India.The Upper Jurassic part of the sediments at the outcrop was formed in a near-shore setting and belongs to the Ludharwa Member of the Baisakhi Formation.The 3-m-thick unit shows a number of asymmetric folds and thrust faults leading to an imbrication of partly lithified sandstone beds.The deformation structures allow the reconstruction of a movement towards the northwest.This agrees well with the basin configuration that shows a deepening into this direction.Although the determination of a specific trigger mechanism is difficult for soft-sediment deformation structures,an earthquake caused by synsedimentary tectonics in the basin seems to be the most likely explanation.展开更多
A novel technique to determine the position of spacecraft orbits is proposed. The technique is based on the cross-correlation function of HF SAR images and is able to determine the relative position of orbits with an ...A novel technique to determine the position of spacecraft orbits is proposed. The technique is based on the cross-correlation function of HF SAR images and is able to determine the relative position of orbits with an accuracy of - λ/4 or better, where 2 is the wavelength of the HF radar pulse at its center frequency. The performance of the proposed technique was confirmed by simulation which was carried out under the condition of design facts of the SELENE LRS mission. The highly accurate orbit positioning enables precise superposition of HF SAR images so that the inherent mirror image ambiguity problem of HF SAR imaging is resolved to obtain a quality SAR image of the HF band. In addition ambitious 2D-SAR processing would be possible when the above accuracy is available.展开更多
A set of two to three prominent hardgrounds can be traced for more than 40 km from east to west within the Jurassic succession of the Jaisalmer Basin at the western margin of the Indian Craton. The hardgrounds started...A set of two to three prominent hardgrounds can be traced for more than 40 km from east to west within the Jurassic succession of the Jaisalmer Basin at the western margin of the Indian Craton. The hardgrounds started to form under subtidal conditions in a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic setting during the last phase of a transgressive systems tract, i.e. the maximum flooding zone. The age difference between the hardgrounds is very small, but they differ lithologically. Typically, the stratigraphically oldest hardground occurs at the top of a 1-m-thick calcareous sandstone. It is characterized by a spectacular megaripple surface encrusted with oysters and subsequently occasionally bored by bivalves. The hardground is overlain by 10–25 cm of biowackestone to biopackstone, at the top of which another hardground is developed. This second hardground is characterized by abundant bivalve(Gastrochaenolites isp.) and "worm" borings(Trypanites and Meandropolydora isp.) and occasional oyster encrustations. The third hardground can be found within the overlying 60-cm-thick, bioturbated, fossiliferous silty marly packstone. It shows common to abundant oyster encrustations and occasional borings together with reworked concretions. The individual hardground can be well recognized throughout the basin based on lithology and biotic components. The second hardground(biowackestone to biopackstone) with abundant bivalve and worm borings is most prominent and widespread. Lithostratigraphically, these three hardground surfaces belong to the uppermost part of the Bada Bag Member of the Jaisalmer Formation. Based on ammonites, such as Perisphinctes congener(Waagen), brachiopods, and corals, this interval of the Bada Bag Member has been assigned a late Bathonian age. The entire succession above the first hardground is bioturbated up to the overlying marly silt of the Kuldhar Member of the Jaisalmer Formation, which is already Callovian in age. The characteristic hardground lithologies, together with the ammonite record, allow long-distance correlations within the basin emphasizing their importance as valuable marker horizons. The biotic components associated with the hardgrounds and alternating sediments represent high diversity community relicts developed in shallow-water, open-marine environments.展开更多
基金supported by Royal Society grant DHFR1211068funded by UKSA+14 种基金STFCSTFC grant ST/M001083/1funded by STFC grant ST/W00089X/1supported by NERC grant NE/W003309/1(E3d)funded by NERC grant NE/V000748/1support from NERC grants NE/V015133/1,NE/R016038/1(BAS magnetometers),and grants NE/R01700X/1 and NE/R015848/1(EISCAT)supported by NERC grant NE/T000937/1NSFC grants 42174208 and 41821003supported by the Research Council of Norway grant 223252PRODEX arrangement 4000123238 from the European Space Agencysupport of the AUTUMN East-West magnetometer network by the Canadian Space Agencysupported by NASA’s Heliophysics U.S.Participating Investigator Programsupport from grant NSF AGS 2027210supported by grant Dnr:2020-00106 from the Swedish National Space Agencysupported by the German Research Foundation(DFG)under number KR 4375/2-1 within SPP"Dynamic Earth"。
文摘The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere.Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.
基金the course of study/project as part of the Meteorology and Oceanography (MOP-2) Program of ISRO
文摘Seasonal and inter-annual variability of hydrological parameters and its impact on chlorophyll distribution was studied from January 2009 to December 2011 at four coastal stations along the southwest Bay of Bengal. Statistical analysis （principal component analysis （PCA）, two-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） and correlation analysis） showed the significant impact of hydrological parameters on chlorophyll distribution in the study area. The ranges of different parameters recorded were 23.8-33.8℃ （SST）, 4.00-36.00 （salinity）, 7.0-9.2 （pH）, 4.41-8.32 mg/L （dissolved oxygen）, 0.04-2.45 μmol/L （nitrite）, 0.33-16.10 μmol/L （nitrate）, 0.02-2.51 μmol/L （ammonia）, 0.04-3.32 μmol/L （inorganic phosphate）, 10.09-85.28 μmol/L （reactive silicate） and 0.04-13.8 μg/L （chlorophyll）. PCA analysis carried out for different seasons found variations in the relationship between physico-chemical parameters and chlorophyll in which nitrate and chlorophyll were positively loaded at PC1 （principal component 1） during spring inter-monsoon and at PC2 （principal component 2） during other seasons. Likewise correlation analysis also showed significant positive relationship between chlorophyll and nutrients especially with nitrate （~0.734）. Distribution of hydrobiological parameters between stations and distances was significantly varying as evidenced from the ANOVA results. The study found that the spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll was highly dependent on the availability of nutrients especially, nitrate in the southwest Bay of Bengal coastal waters.
基金supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany [Matthias Alberti]the Department of Science and Technology, India [Dhirendra K.Pandey]the Jagiellonian University, Poland [Alfred Uchman]
文摘A spectacularly exposed slump is described from a 120-m-long road cut between the villages of Kanod and Deva in the northeastern Jaisalmer Basin of Rajasthan,India.The Upper Jurassic part of the sediments at the outcrop was formed in a near-shore setting and belongs to the Ludharwa Member of the Baisakhi Formation.The 3-m-thick unit shows a number of asymmetric folds and thrust faults leading to an imbrication of partly lithified sandstone beds.The deformation structures allow the reconstruction of a movement towards the northwest.This agrees well with the basin configuration that shows a deepening into this direction.Although the determination of a specific trigger mechanism is difficult for soft-sediment deformation structures,an earthquake caused by synsedimentary tectonics in the basin seems to be the most likely explanation.
基金supported by the Basic Research Project, "Development of New Geological Technology for Tracing Earth and Planetary Evolution" of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)
文摘A novel technique to determine the position of spacecraft orbits is proposed. The technique is based on the cross-correlation function of HF SAR images and is able to determine the relative position of orbits with an accuracy of - λ/4 or better, where 2 is the wavelength of the HF radar pulse at its center frequency. The performance of the proposed technique was confirmed by simulation which was carried out under the condition of design facts of the SELENE LRS mission. The highly accurate orbit positioning enables precise superposition of HF SAR images so that the inherent mirror image ambiguity problem of HF SAR imaging is resolved to obtain a quality SAR image of the HF band. In addition ambitious 2D-SAR processing would be possible when the above accuracy is available.
基金financial support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
文摘A set of two to three prominent hardgrounds can be traced for more than 40 km from east to west within the Jurassic succession of the Jaisalmer Basin at the western margin of the Indian Craton. The hardgrounds started to form under subtidal conditions in a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic setting during the last phase of a transgressive systems tract, i.e. the maximum flooding zone. The age difference between the hardgrounds is very small, but they differ lithologically. Typically, the stratigraphically oldest hardground occurs at the top of a 1-m-thick calcareous sandstone. It is characterized by a spectacular megaripple surface encrusted with oysters and subsequently occasionally bored by bivalves. The hardground is overlain by 10–25 cm of biowackestone to biopackstone, at the top of which another hardground is developed. This second hardground is characterized by abundant bivalve(Gastrochaenolites isp.) and "worm" borings(Trypanites and Meandropolydora isp.) and occasional oyster encrustations. The third hardground can be found within the overlying 60-cm-thick, bioturbated, fossiliferous silty marly packstone. It shows common to abundant oyster encrustations and occasional borings together with reworked concretions. The individual hardground can be well recognized throughout the basin based on lithology and biotic components. The second hardground(biowackestone to biopackstone) with abundant bivalve and worm borings is most prominent and widespread. Lithostratigraphically, these three hardground surfaces belong to the uppermost part of the Bada Bag Member of the Jaisalmer Formation. Based on ammonites, such as Perisphinctes congener(Waagen), brachiopods, and corals, this interval of the Bada Bag Member has been assigned a late Bathonian age. The entire succession above the first hardground is bioturbated up to the overlying marly silt of the Kuldhar Member of the Jaisalmer Formation, which is already Callovian in age. The characteristic hardground lithologies, together with the ammonite record, allow long-distance correlations within the basin emphasizing their importance as valuable marker horizons. The biotic components associated with the hardgrounds and alternating sediments represent high diversity community relicts developed in shallow-water, open-marine environments.
