Phytoremediation is a sustainable remedial approach for removing benzene from environment.Plant associated bacteria could ameliorate the phytotoxic effects of benzene on plant,although the specificity of these interac...Phytoremediation is a sustainable remedial approach for removing benzene from environment.Plant associated bacteria could ameliorate the phytotoxic effects of benzene on plant,although the specificity of these interactions is unclear.Here,we used proteomics approach to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant-bacteria interactions.Plant associated bacteria was isolated and subsequently inoculated into the sterilized Helianthus annuus,and the uptake rates of benzene by these inoculated plants were evaluated.At the end of the experiment,leaves and roots proteins were analyzed.The results showed inoculated H.annuus with strain EnL3 removed more benzene than other treatments after 96 h.EnL3 was identified as Enterobacter sp.according to 16S rDNA analysis.Based on the comparison of proteins,62 proteins were significantly up or down regulated in inoculated leaves,while 35 proteins were significantly up or down regulated in inoculated roots.Furthermore,there were 4 and 3 identified proteins presented only in inoculated H.annuus leaves and roots,respectively.These proteins involved in several functions including transcription and translation,photosynthesis,and stress response.The network among anti-oxidant defense system,protein synthesis,and photosynthetic electron transfer are involved in collaboratively activate the benzene uptake and stress tolerance in plant.展开更多
Based on the developed neural-fuzzy control system for anaerobic hybrid reactor （AHR） in wastewater treatment and biogas production, the neural network with backpropagation algorithm for prediction of the variables ...Based on the developed neural-fuzzy control system for anaerobic hybrid reactor （AHR） in wastewater treatment and biogas production, the neural network with backpropagation algorithm for prediction of the variables pH, alkalinity （Alk） and total volatile acids （TVA） at present day time t was used as input data for the fuzzy logic to calculate the influent feed flow rate that was applied to control and monitor the process response at different operations in the initial, overload influent feeding and the recovery phases. In all three phases, this neural-fuzzy control system showed great potential to control AHR in high stability and performance and quick response. Although in the overloading operation phase II with two fold calculating influent flow rate together with a two fold organic loading rate （OLR）, this control system had rapid response and was sensitive to the intended overload. When the influent feeding rate was followed by the calculation of control system in the initial operation phase I and the recovery operation phase III, it was found that the neural-fuzzy control system application was capable of controlling the AHR in a good manner with the pH close to 7, TVA/Alk 〈 0.4 and COD removal 〉 80% with biogas and methane yields at 0.45 and 0.30 m^3/kg COD removed.展开更多
The productivity and efficiency of cellulase are significant in cellulose hydrolysis. With the accumulation of volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, the pH value in anaerobic digestion system is reduced. Therefore, this stud...The productivity and efficiency of cellulase are significant in cellulose hydrolysis. With the accumulation of volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, the pH value in anaerobic digestion system is reduced. Therefore, this study will find out how the pH and the amount of acetate influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The effects of pH and acetate on cellulase produced from Bacillus coagulans were studied at various pH 5-8, and acetate concentrations （0-60 mmol/L）. A batch kinetic model for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis was constructed from experimental data and performed. The base hypothesis was as follows： the rates of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis rely on pH and acetate concentration. The results showed that the suitable pH range for cellulase production and cellulose hydrolysis （represents efficiency of cellulase） was 2.6-7.5, and 5.3-8.3, respectively. Moreover, acetate in the culture medium had an effect on cellulase production （KI = 49.50 mmol/L, n = 1.7） less than cellulose hydrolysis （/（＇i = 37.85 mmol/L, n = 2.0）. The results indicated that both the pH of suspension and acidogenic products influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in an anaerobic environment. To enhance the cellulose hydrolysis rate, the accumulated acetate concentration should be lower than 25 mmol/L, and pH should be maintained at 7.展开更多
Coir pith is a highly potential adsorbent for adsorbing trimethylamine(TMA). It harbors a higher adsorption capacity for TMA compared to commercial activated carbon(CAC). It was found that lignin and holocellulose ext...Coir pith is a highly potential adsorbent for adsorbing trimethylamine(TMA). It harbors a higher adsorption capacity for TMA compared to commercial activated carbon(CAC). It was found that lignin and holocellulose extracted from coir pith played an important role in TMA adsorption. Lignin itself had the highest TMA adsorption capacity(269.01 mg/g)followed by holocellulose(75.43 mg/g), coir pith(14.3 mg/g) and CAC(10.26 mg/g),respectively. The pseudo-first-and second orders were applied to the kinetic data. For the adsorption of TMA by coir pith, the best fit was achieved by the pseudo-second order.Thermodynamic studies showed an endothermic and physico-chemical adsorption process between TMA and the coir pith. TMA desorption study suggested that only 14%–47% of TMA was desorbed with distilled water. In addition, Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR) spectra showed that C–H bond(methyl group), C–O bond from phenolic alcohol and C–O bond from tertiary alcohol in lignin and holocellulose were involved in TMA adsorption. Coir pithbased filter showed high TMA adsorption efficiency(98%) and kept constant for more than48 days in a continuous system. Pilot scale experiment, coir pith beads filter could be succesfully applied as a packing material for TMA removal. Therefore, coir pith can be used as a promising packing material for TMA treatment at contaminated site.展开更多
Biochar amendment is generally recognized as an effective mitigation option of methane(CH_(4))emissions from rice cultivation.Although its mitigation mechanisms are not well understood,the potential relevance of surfa...Biochar amendment is generally recognized as an effective mitigation option of methane(CH_(4))emissions from rice cultivation.Although its mitigation mechanisms are not well understood,the potential relevance of surface area and porosity of biochar has been discussed.This study aimed to evaluate the application of different biochar particle sizes on CH_(4) production,oxidation,and emissions from rice cultivation in a clay loam soil,based on the assumption that porosity and surface area of biochar are directly related to its mitigation effects.Rice was grown under greenhouse conditions for two growing seasons,either with 0.5–2 mm(small,SB)or with 2–4 mm(large,LB)biochar.The results show that both sizes of biochar increased soil pH and redox potential(Eh)during rice growth.Soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC),nitrate(NO^(−)_(3)),and sulfate(SO^(2−)_(4))also increased under both biochar amendments,but size effects were not observed.SB and LB suppressed the abundance of CH_(4) producers(methanogens)but stimulated the abundance of CH_(4) consumers(methanotrophs).The increase of soil Eh and electron acceptors(NO^(−)_(3)and SO^(2−)_(4))indicated the increase in soil oxidation capacity is a barrier to CH_(4) production by methanogens in both biochar treatments.Laboratory incubation experiments showed that CH_(4) production activity was significantly(p≤0.05)reduced by 18.5%using SB and by 11.3%using LB compared to the control.In contrast,the stimulation of methanotrophs promoted greater CH_(4) oxidation activity by 15.0%in SB and 18.7%in LB compared to the control.It shows that CH_(4) production was reduced more by larger surface area biochar(SB),while a greater increase in CH_(4) oxidation was found using larger pore volume biochar(LB).The effects on CH_(4) production were more pronounced than those on CH_(4) oxidation,resulting in a greater reduction of cumulative CH_(4) emissions by SB than LB(by 26.6%and 19.9%compared to control,respectively).展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal polyps that develop via the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence[e.g.,tubular adenoma(TA)]often progress to malignancy and are closely associated with changes in the composition of the gut mic...BACKGROUND Colorectal polyps that develop via the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence[e.g.,tubular adenoma(TA)]often progress to malignancy and are closely associated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiome.There is limited research concerning the microbial functions and gut microbiomes associated with colorectal polyps that arise through the serrated polyp pathway,such as hyperplastic polyps(HP).Exploration of microbiome alterations asso-ciated with HP and TA would improve the understanding of mechanisms by which specific microbes and their metabolic pathways contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.AIM To investigate gut microbiome signatures,microbial associations,and microbial functions in HP and TA patients.METHODS Full-length 16S rRNA sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiome in stool samples from control participants without polyps[control group(CT),n=40],patients with HP(n=52),and patients with TA(n=60).Significant differences in gut microbiome composition and functional mechanisms were identified between the CT group and patients with HP or TA.Analytical techniques in this study included differential abundance analysis,co-occurrence network analysis,and differential pathway analysis.RESULTS Colorectal cancer(CRC)-associated bacteria,including Streptococcus gallolyticus(S.gallolyticus),Bacteroides fragilis,and Clostridium symbiosum,were identified as characteristic microbial species in TA patients.Mediterraneibacter gnavus,associated with dysbiosis and gastrointestinal diseases,was significantly differentially abundant in the HP and TA groups.Functional pathway analysis revealed that HP patients exhibited enrichment in the sulfur oxidation pathway exclusively,whereas TA patients showed dominance in pathways related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis(e.g.,mevalonate);S.gallolyticus was a major contributor.Co-occurrence network and dynamic network analyses revealed co-occurrence of dysbiosis-associated bacteria in HP patients,whereas TA patients exhibited co-occurrence of CRC-associated bacteria.Furthermore,the co-occurrence of SCFA-producing bacteria was lower in TA patients than HP patients.CONCLUSION This study revealed distinct gut microbiome signatures associated with pathways of colorectal polyp development,providing insights concerning the roles of microbial species,functional pathways,and microbial interactions in colorectal carcinogenesis.展开更多
Oxidative-exfoliation methods were in vogue in the production of rGO from graphite.Processing of such synthetic graphite needs high temperatures(2500℃).Thus,such process is not cost-effective.The present study is mad...Oxidative-exfoliation methods were in vogue in the production of rGO from graphite.Processing of such synthetic graphite needs high temperatures(2500℃).Thus,such process is not cost-effective.The present study is made on the dry leaves of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum)as an alternative raw material so as to be economical and environmentally benign.The dry leaves are subjected to two-step pyrolysis without any catalyst or reducing agent in far divergent temperatures to produce as prepared and acid treated rGOs.They were evaluated by UV–Vis.,FTIR,XRD,Raman spectroscopy,TGA/DTG,BET,FESEM-EDS and TEM.The as prepared rGO has few layers with irregular and folded architecture whereas acid-treated rGO has thinly stacked crumpled sheets with many wrinkles on its surface.The prepared rGOs have multilayered graphitic structure due to the unique ratio between G and D bands.Acid treated rGO has poor thermal stability as compared to that of as-prepared rGO at high temperatures due to the variation in the oxygen-containing functional groups.Acid treated rGO has low antibacterial activity as compared to that of the as-prepared rGO due to the paucity of the functional groups.展开更多
Greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and their mitigation in food crop production,particularly in tropical regions such as Thailand,remain a knowledge gap in advancing sustainable agricultural systems.This study used a 47-yea...Greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and their mitigation in food crop production,particularly in tropical regions such as Thailand,remain a knowledge gap in advancing sustainable agricultural systems.This study used a 47-year field experiment to assess the effects of diverse fertilizer application practices on GHG emissions,soil properties and cassava yield.The results revealed that carbon inputs from crop residues(CR)and compost(CP)significantly elevated carbon dioxide emissions,primarily due to enhanced soil microbial respiration.Nitrogen applications,whether from mineral or organic sources,significantly stimulated nitrous oxide(N2O)emissions,with greater N inputs leading to higher N2O releases.At equivalent N application rates,mineral N fertilizers induced greater N2O emissions,having a mean emission factor(EF)of 0.75%compared to CR-derived N with an EF of 0.56%.Additionally,mineral fertilizers led to soil acidification and nutrient accumulation.CR and CP inputs increased soil organic carbon stocks by 42.1%and 53.3%,respectively,relative to the control.CP addition also improved soil pH and significantly enhanced phosphorus and potassium availability.Notably,the combined inputs of NPK fertilizers and CR achieved the lowest GHG emissions per unit yield,highlighting the potential of integrated fertilizer application strategies to mitigate GHG emissions while sustaining crop productivity.展开更多
Edible coatings,as carriers of antimicrobial compounds,have been proposed as an alternative method to preserve fresh-cut products.This research focused to improve the shelf life of fresh-cut rose apples by applying an...Edible coatings,as carriers of antimicrobial compounds,have been proposed as an alternative method to preserve fresh-cut products.This research focused to improve the shelf life of fresh-cut rose apples by applying an edible coating based on alginate cross-linked with calcium chloride(SAC)-enriched hexyl acetate(HA)as a natural antimicrobial compound.The SAC with HA in 0.01,0.03,and 0.05%(v/v)(SAC-HA)solution was evaluated for its film properties and applied to fresh-cut rose apples,and compared with the unmodified SAC coating.Postharvest quality and microbial contamination were determined every 2 days during 10 days of storage at 4℃.The film thickness,tensile strength,and elongation at break increased with the high concentrations of HA added.Films containing 0.03%HA had lower oxygen permeability(from 1.57 to 0.04×10^(-7) cm^(3)μm m^(-2) day^(-1) kPa^(-1)),as well as water vapor permeability(from 0.03 to 0.01 g mm m^(-2) day^(-1) kPa^(-1)),compared to the unmodified SAC film.Moreover,the greater coating uniformity and thickness were supported by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The developed edible SAC coatings with 0.03%HA successfully preserved the physicochemical quality and extended the shelf life of fresh-cut rose apples for 10 days at 4℃ by retarding the respiration rate,inhibiting browning,and preventing microbial growth.Therefore,the using of SAC-HA in fresh-cut products is a promising and safe preservation technique to extend shelf life.展开更多
Non-edible oils obtained from chosen non-conventional woody plants are considered as potential raw materials for biodiesel production.These plants mostly grow in wastelands.Structural characteristics of these oils as ...Non-edible oils obtained from chosen non-conventional woody plants are considered as potential raw materials for biodiesel production.These plants mostly grow in wastelands.Structural characteristics of these oils as raw material are very much in tune with the properties of biodiesel such as long-chain hydrocarbon,having an adequate level of unsaturation with branched chain.Four primary methods are being followed to make biodiesel from vegetable oil.They are direct use through blending,microemulsion,thermal cracking(pyrolysis)and transesterification.Non-edible oil would eliminate the issue of food vs fuel.The biodiesel manufactured from oils of woody plants may partially reduce the demand for liquid-fuel energy and addresses the environmental consequences of using fossil fuels.Oil from a total of 17 species of woody plants(Angiosperms)belonging to 14 families are considered in this paper.The habit,habitat and geographical distribution of each species are also presented.The physico-chemical properties of their oil,with special reference to the fatty-acid profile that ultimately decides the characteristics of the biodiesel prepared from them,are reviewed.展开更多
Carbonaceous materials with large interlayer spacing and disordered structure are considered suitable as electrodes in sodium-ion batteries so as to overcome the problem encountered in conventional electrodes.In this ...Carbonaceous materials with large interlayer spacing and disordered structure are considered suitable as electrodes in sodium-ion batteries so as to overcome the problem encountered in conventional electrodes.In this study,carbon quantum dots(CQDs)decorated with SnO_(2)and NaVO_(3)are used as electrodes in the fabrication of flexible Na-ion batteries.CQDs are prepared from dead leaves of the Samanea saman tree through alkaline-peroxide treatment and hydrothermal carbonization.As-prepared CQDs exhibit a quantum yield of 21.03%at an excitation wavelength of 360 nm.Various separators such as indium-doped tin oxide/polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether(ITO/PTE),rice paper(RP),silicone with three big holes(SIL BH),silicone with many small holes(SIL SH)and cellulose paper(CP)have been tried in flexible Na-ion batteries.SIL SH achieved higher specific capacitance(881 F g-1)than other separators due to the function of many small holes on the surface of the silicone.The SIL SH separator delivered higher discharge capacities of 141 and 114 mC g-1 at 1.5 and 2.5 V than SIL BH.The RP separator delivered specific discharge capacities of 1087 and 347 mC g-1 in the 1st and 50th cycles,respectively,at 1 V.The RP separator delivered a high initial specific discharge capacity of 698 mC g-1 at 2 V and maintained a good discharge capacity of 222 mC g-1 in the 50th cycle.As compared to RP,SIL SH delivered high specific discharge capacity of 4246 in 1st cycle at 2 V but maintained a capacity of 71 mC g-1 in the 50th cycle.This study reveals the scope of developing flexible Na-ion batteries with high capacity and cyclability using carbonaceous materials derived from the leaves of the S.saman tree.展开更多
Salicylic acid(SA)is used as a preservative in food and a biocide in some consumer products.However,in some countries its use is prohibited.The main problem in the electroanalytical determination of SA is the formatio...Salicylic acid(SA)is used as a preservative in food and a biocide in some consumer products.However,in some countries its use is prohibited.The main problem in the electroanalytical determination of SA is the formation of a passive film during the electro-oxidation of SA.To alleviate the passivation during SA measurement,the experiment was conducted by screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE).While,differential pulse voltammetry(DPV)was essential for oxidation process to provide better sensitivity.Under conditions of optimized pH and electrolyte concentration,we have calibrated SA in the range of 0.001-0.2 mM,with and LOD of 1.6μM.The relative standard deviation of the sensor responses to 40μM and 100μM SA(n=20)was<3%.SA recoveries in samples such as pickled green mustard,pickled bamboo shoots,pickled mango,pickled lime,pickle ginger and apple juice were found to be in the range of 84-113%.展开更多
Gel-polymer electrolytes with high thermal stability and mechanical properties were considered suitable in rechargeable batteries so as to overcome the problems encountered in liquid electrolytes.In a previous study,f...Gel-polymer electrolytes with high thermal stability and mechanical properties were considered suitable in rechargeable batteries so as to overcome the problems encountered in liquid electrolytes.In a previous study,flexible sodium-ion batteries(FSIBs)were fabri-cated using electrodes made of carbon quantum dots(CQDs)decorated with SnO_(2) and NaVO_(3) utilizing a polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/P3HT gel-polymer electrolyte at a ratio of 1:0.05.In addition,various separators such as indium-doped tin oxide/polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether(ITO/PTE),rice paper(RP),silicone with three big holes(SIL BH),silicone with many small holes(SIL SH)and cellulose paper(CP)were tested in flexible Na-ion batteries.The SIL SH delivered a high specific discharge capacity of 4246 mAh g^(-1) in the initial cycle at 2 V and maintained a value of 71 mAh g^(-1) in the 50th cycle.With the aim of improving the cyclic ability of FSIBs,different weight ratios of PVA/P3HT(1:0.025,1:0.05,1:0.1,1:0.15,1:0.2)were tried in this work using the electrodes CQDs@SnO_(2) and CQDs@NaVO_(3).The above ratios were referred to as B25,B50,B100,B150 and B200,respectively.SIL SH was used as a separator.Cyclic voltammetry studies indicated that B150 had a high specific capacitance of 13062 F g^(-1).B25 and B100 exhibited high discharge capacities(171 mAh g^(-1))and(151 mAh g^(-1))compared to that of other ratios B50(75 mAh g^(-1)),B150(88 mAh g^(-1))and B200(54 mAh g^(-1))in the 50th cycle at 2.0 V.This study reveals the scope of developing FSIBs of high capacity and cyclability at different voltages using carbonaceous electrodes and gel-polymer electrolytes with different ratios of PVA/P3HT.The focus of the present study is to bring out the optimum ratio of PVA/P3HT for maximizing the cyclic ability of FSIBs.展开更多
The growing worldwide occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)necessitates the development of effective treatments.This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the inhibitory effect of trypsin-digested S...The growing worldwide occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)necessitates the development of effective treatments.This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the inhibitory effect of trypsin-digested Spirulina protein hydrolysate(SPH)on the dipeptidyl peptidase IV(DPP-IV)enzyme,responsible for deacti-vating incretin hormones that stimulate insulin secretion.Following purification through hydrophobic interac-tion chromatography,the DPP-IV inhibition potential was enhanced,achieving a level of 74.20%±5.78%,with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))value of 0.46±0.16 mg/ml.By subsequently encapsulating the purified SPH within alginate and chitosan microcapsules,a controlled and sustained release profile of bioactive peptides was achieved while retaining their DPP-IV inhibitory activity.The encapsulation process exhibited an efficiency of 86.30%±0.16%and an efficacy of 80.65%±0.16%for SPH loading.Further analysis via LC-MS/MS revealed a potent peptide,GPNYASSER,derived from phycocyanin,exhibiting an IC_(50)value of 0.358±0.188 mM.Beyond the search for specific peptides displaying strong DPP-IV inhibitory properties,the integration of SPH as function components for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)management holds significant promise as a pathway for long-term preventive strategies.展开更多
Biodiesel-an impressive alternative fuel with favourable physico-chemical properties having environmental benefits-is prepared from vegetable oil.However,the cost is one of the main hurdles in commercializing it.Its p...Biodiesel-an impressive alternative fuel with favourable physico-chemical properties having environmental benefits-is prepared from vegetable oil.However,the cost is one of the main hurdles in commercializing it.Its production by conventional transesterification processes needs high ambient temperature and a specialized catalyst.Due to the multifaceted adversities of many of the catalysts,there is active consideration for an electrocatalytic process that does not require elevated temperature.In addition,an electrocatalytic process is carried out in the presence or absence of a catalyst or co-solvent.In this review,various parameters such as electrolysis voltage,stirring rate,electrode type,water content,co-solvent type,reaction temperature,reaction duration,oil-to-methanol molar ratio and concentration of NaCl affecting the electrocatalytic transesterification process are presented.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi through the Post-doctoral Fellowship and the KMUTT 55th Anniversary Commemorative Fund.We thank Ms.Suthathip Kittisenachai,Mr.Yodying Yingchutrakul,and Mr.Sucheewin Krobthong of the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)for their valuable help in the Proteomics Research Laboratory.
文摘Phytoremediation is a sustainable remedial approach for removing benzene from environment.Plant associated bacteria could ameliorate the phytotoxic effects of benzene on plant,although the specificity of these interactions is unclear.Here,we used proteomics approach to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant-bacteria interactions.Plant associated bacteria was isolated and subsequently inoculated into the sterilized Helianthus annuus,and the uptake rates of benzene by these inoculated plants were evaluated.At the end of the experiment,leaves and roots proteins were analyzed.The results showed inoculated H.annuus with strain EnL3 removed more benzene than other treatments after 96 h.EnL3 was identified as Enterobacter sp.according to 16S rDNA analysis.Based on the comparison of proteins,62 proteins were significantly up or down regulated in inoculated leaves,while 35 proteins were significantly up or down regulated in inoculated roots.Furthermore,there were 4 and 3 identified proteins presented only in inoculated H.annuus leaves and roots,respectively.These proteins involved in several functions including transcription and translation,photosynthesis,and stress response.The network among anti-oxidant defense system,protein synthesis,and photosynthetic electron transfer are involved in collaboratively activate the benzene uptake and stress tolerance in plant.
基金the Thailand Graduate Institute of Science and Technology(No. TGIST 01-47-038)the National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA) for Ph.D.Scholarship to Mr. Chaiwat Waewsakthe National Research Council of Thailand for research grant under Fiscal Year 2008 Budget to King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
文摘Based on the developed neural-fuzzy control system for anaerobic hybrid reactor （AHR） in wastewater treatment and biogas production, the neural network with backpropagation algorithm for prediction of the variables pH, alkalinity （Alk） and total volatile acids （TVA） at present day time t was used as input data for the fuzzy logic to calculate the influent feed flow rate that was applied to control and monitor the process response at different operations in the initial, overload influent feeding and the recovery phases. In all three phases, this neural-fuzzy control system showed great potential to control AHR in high stability and performance and quick response. Although in the overloading operation phase II with two fold calculating influent flow rate together with a two fold organic loading rate （OLR）, this control system had rapid response and was sensitive to the intended overload. When the influent feeding rate was followed by the calculation of control system in the initial operation phase I and the recovery operation phase III, it was found that the neural-fuzzy control system application was capable of controlling the AHR in a good manner with the pH close to 7, TVA/Alk 〈 0.4 and COD removal 〉 80% with biogas and methane yields at 0.45 and 0.30 m^3/kg COD removed.
基金supported by Thailand Graduate Insti- tute of Science and Technology (No. TGIST 01-46-12) National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand for Ph.D. Scholarship to Ms. Romsaiyud A, and National Research Council of Thailand for research grant under Fiscal Year 2007 Budget to King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi
文摘The productivity and efficiency of cellulase are significant in cellulose hydrolysis. With the accumulation of volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, the pH value in anaerobic digestion system is reduced. Therefore, this study will find out how the pH and the amount of acetate influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The effects of pH and acetate on cellulase produced from Bacillus coagulans were studied at various pH 5-8, and acetate concentrations （0-60 mmol/L）. A batch kinetic model for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis was constructed from experimental data and performed. The base hypothesis was as follows： the rates of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis rely on pH and acetate concentration. The results showed that the suitable pH range for cellulase production and cellulose hydrolysis （represents efficiency of cellulase） was 2.6-7.5, and 5.3-8.3, respectively. Moreover, acetate in the culture medium had an effect on cellulase production （KI = 49.50 mmol/L, n = 1.7） less than cellulose hydrolysis （/（＇i = 37.85 mmol/L, n = 2.0）. The results indicated that both the pH of suspension and acidogenic products influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in an anaerobic environment. To enhance the cellulose hydrolysis rate, the accumulated acetate concentration should be lower than 25 mmol/L, and pH should be maintained at 7.
基金financially supported by King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi(KMUTT)through the"KMUTT 55th Anniversary commemorative fund"the Petchra Pra Jom Klao Ph D scholarship(No.05/2557)for financially supporting Mr.Nuttapong Santawee
文摘Coir pith is a highly potential adsorbent for adsorbing trimethylamine(TMA). It harbors a higher adsorption capacity for TMA compared to commercial activated carbon(CAC). It was found that lignin and holocellulose extracted from coir pith played an important role in TMA adsorption. Lignin itself had the highest TMA adsorption capacity(269.01 mg/g)followed by holocellulose(75.43 mg/g), coir pith(14.3 mg/g) and CAC(10.26 mg/g),respectively. The pseudo-first-and second orders were applied to the kinetic data. For the adsorption of TMA by coir pith, the best fit was achieved by the pseudo-second order.Thermodynamic studies showed an endothermic and physico-chemical adsorption process between TMA and the coir pith. TMA desorption study suggested that only 14%–47% of TMA was desorbed with distilled water. In addition, Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR) spectra showed that C–H bond(methyl group), C–O bond from phenolic alcohol and C–O bond from tertiary alcohol in lignin and holocellulose were involved in TMA adsorption. Coir pithbased filter showed high TMA adsorption efficiency(98%) and kept constant for more than48 days in a continuous system. Pilot scale experiment, coir pith beads filter could be succesfully applied as a packing material for TMA removal. Therefore, coir pith can be used as a promising packing material for TMA treatment at contaminated site.
基金This study was funded by the Thailand Research Fund(TRF)through the International Research Network Program(IRN)(IRN57W0001,IRN5701PHDW06)the Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment(JGSEE)at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi,and the Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment(CEE),PERDO,Ministry of Higher Education,Science,Research and Innovation.
文摘Biochar amendment is generally recognized as an effective mitigation option of methane(CH_(4))emissions from rice cultivation.Although its mitigation mechanisms are not well understood,the potential relevance of surface area and porosity of biochar has been discussed.This study aimed to evaluate the application of different biochar particle sizes on CH_(4) production,oxidation,and emissions from rice cultivation in a clay loam soil,based on the assumption that porosity and surface area of biochar are directly related to its mitigation effects.Rice was grown under greenhouse conditions for two growing seasons,either with 0.5–2 mm(small,SB)or with 2–4 mm(large,LB)biochar.The results show that both sizes of biochar increased soil pH and redox potential(Eh)during rice growth.Soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC),nitrate(NO^(−)_(3)),and sulfate(SO^(2−)_(4))also increased under both biochar amendments,but size effects were not observed.SB and LB suppressed the abundance of CH_(4) producers(methanogens)but stimulated the abundance of CH_(4) consumers(methanotrophs).The increase of soil Eh and electron acceptors(NO^(−)_(3)and SO^(2−)_(4))indicated the increase in soil oxidation capacity is a barrier to CH_(4) production by methanogens in both biochar treatments.Laboratory incubation experiments showed that CH_(4) production activity was significantly(p≤0.05)reduced by 18.5%using SB and by 11.3%using LB compared to the control.In contrast,the stimulation of methanotrophs promoted greater CH_(4) oxidation activity by 15.0%in SB and 18.7%in LB compared to the control.It shows that CH_(4) production was reduced more by larger surface area biochar(SB),while a greater increase in CH_(4) oxidation was found using larger pore volume biochar(LB).The effects on CH_(4) production were more pronounced than those on CH_(4) oxidation,resulting in a greater reduction of cumulative CH_(4) emissions by SB than LB(by 26.6%and 19.9%compared to control,respectively).
基金Supported by Chulabhorn Royal Academy(Fundamental Fund:Fiscal year 2022 by National Science Research and Innovation Fund),No.FRB650039/0240 Project Code 165422.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal polyps that develop via the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence[e.g.,tubular adenoma(TA)]often progress to malignancy and are closely associated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiome.There is limited research concerning the microbial functions and gut microbiomes associated with colorectal polyps that arise through the serrated polyp pathway,such as hyperplastic polyps(HP).Exploration of microbiome alterations asso-ciated with HP and TA would improve the understanding of mechanisms by which specific microbes and their metabolic pathways contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis.AIM To investigate gut microbiome signatures,microbial associations,and microbial functions in HP and TA patients.METHODS Full-length 16S rRNA sequencing was used to characterize the gut microbiome in stool samples from control participants without polyps[control group(CT),n=40],patients with HP(n=52),and patients with TA(n=60).Significant differences in gut microbiome composition and functional mechanisms were identified between the CT group and patients with HP or TA.Analytical techniques in this study included differential abundance analysis,co-occurrence network analysis,and differential pathway analysis.RESULTS Colorectal cancer(CRC)-associated bacteria,including Streptococcus gallolyticus(S.gallolyticus),Bacteroides fragilis,and Clostridium symbiosum,were identified as characteristic microbial species in TA patients.Mediterraneibacter gnavus,associated with dysbiosis and gastrointestinal diseases,was significantly differentially abundant in the HP and TA groups.Functional pathway analysis revealed that HP patients exhibited enrichment in the sulfur oxidation pathway exclusively,whereas TA patients showed dominance in pathways related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis(e.g.,mevalonate);S.gallolyticus was a major contributor.Co-occurrence network and dynamic network analyses revealed co-occurrence of dysbiosis-associated bacteria in HP patients,whereas TA patients exhibited co-occurrence of CRC-associated bacteria.Furthermore,the co-occurrence of SCFA-producing bacteria was lower in TA patients than HP patients.CONCLUSION This study revealed distinct gut microbiome signatures associated with pathways of colorectal polyp development,providing insights concerning the roles of microbial species,functional pathways,and microbial interactions in colorectal carcinogenesis.
文摘Oxidative-exfoliation methods were in vogue in the production of rGO from graphite.Processing of such synthetic graphite needs high temperatures(2500℃).Thus,such process is not cost-effective.The present study is made on the dry leaves of sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum)as an alternative raw material so as to be economical and environmentally benign.The dry leaves are subjected to two-step pyrolysis without any catalyst or reducing agent in far divergent temperatures to produce as prepared and acid treated rGOs.They were evaluated by UV–Vis.,FTIR,XRD,Raman spectroscopy,TGA/DTG,BET,FESEM-EDS and TEM.The as prepared rGO has few layers with irregular and folded architecture whereas acid-treated rGO has thinly stacked crumpled sheets with many wrinkles on its surface.The prepared rGOs have multilayered graphitic structure due to the unique ratio between G and D bands.Acid treated rGO has poor thermal stability as compared to that of as-prepared rGO at high temperatures due to the variation in the oxygen-containing functional groups.Acid treated rGO has low antibacterial activity as compared to that of the as-prepared rGO due to the paucity of the functional groups.
基金funding support from the National Science,Research and Innovation Fund via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation,Thailand (B40G660040)support was provided by the Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburithe Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment,Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office,the Ministry of Higher Education,Science,Research and Innovation,and the Department of Environmental Science at Silpakorn University,Thailand.
文摘Greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and their mitigation in food crop production,particularly in tropical regions such as Thailand,remain a knowledge gap in advancing sustainable agricultural systems.This study used a 47-year field experiment to assess the effects of diverse fertilizer application practices on GHG emissions,soil properties and cassava yield.The results revealed that carbon inputs from crop residues(CR)and compost(CP)significantly elevated carbon dioxide emissions,primarily due to enhanced soil microbial respiration.Nitrogen applications,whether from mineral or organic sources,significantly stimulated nitrous oxide(N2O)emissions,with greater N inputs leading to higher N2O releases.At equivalent N application rates,mineral N fertilizers induced greater N2O emissions,having a mean emission factor(EF)of 0.75%compared to CR-derived N with an EF of 0.56%.Additionally,mineral fertilizers led to soil acidification and nutrient accumulation.CR and CP inputs increased soil organic carbon stocks by 42.1%and 53.3%,respectively,relative to the control.CP addition also improved soil pH and significantly enhanced phosphorus and potassium availability.Notably,the combined inputs of NPK fertilizers and CR achieved the lowest GHG emissions per unit yield,highlighting the potential of integrated fertilizer application strategies to mitigate GHG emissions while sustaining crop productivity.
文摘Edible coatings,as carriers of antimicrobial compounds,have been proposed as an alternative method to preserve fresh-cut products.This research focused to improve the shelf life of fresh-cut rose apples by applying an edible coating based on alginate cross-linked with calcium chloride(SAC)-enriched hexyl acetate(HA)as a natural antimicrobial compound.The SAC with HA in 0.01,0.03,and 0.05%(v/v)(SAC-HA)solution was evaluated for its film properties and applied to fresh-cut rose apples,and compared with the unmodified SAC coating.Postharvest quality and microbial contamination were determined every 2 days during 10 days of storage at 4℃.The film thickness,tensile strength,and elongation at break increased with the high concentrations of HA added.Films containing 0.03%HA had lower oxygen permeability(from 1.57 to 0.04×10^(-7) cm^(3)μm m^(-2) day^(-1) kPa^(-1)),as well as water vapor permeability(from 0.03 to 0.01 g mm m^(-2) day^(-1) kPa^(-1)),compared to the unmodified SAC film.Moreover,the greater coating uniformity and thickness were supported by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The developed edible SAC coatings with 0.03%HA successfully preserved the physicochemical quality and extended the shelf life of fresh-cut rose apples for 10 days at 4℃ by retarding the respiration rate,inhibiting browning,and preventing microbial growth.Therefore,the using of SAC-HA in fresh-cut products is a promising and safe preservation technique to extend shelf life.
文摘Non-edible oils obtained from chosen non-conventional woody plants are considered as potential raw materials for biodiesel production.These plants mostly grow in wastelands.Structural characteristics of these oils as raw material are very much in tune with the properties of biodiesel such as long-chain hydrocarbon,having an adequate level of unsaturation with branched chain.Four primary methods are being followed to make biodiesel from vegetable oil.They are direct use through blending,microemulsion,thermal cracking(pyrolysis)and transesterification.Non-edible oil would eliminate the issue of food vs fuel.The biodiesel manufactured from oils of woody plants may partially reduce the demand for liquid-fuel energy and addresses the environmental consequences of using fossil fuels.Oil from a total of 17 species of woody plants(Angiosperms)belonging to 14 families are considered in this paper.The habit,habitat and geographical distribution of each species are also presented.The physico-chemical properties of their oil,with special reference to the fatty-acid profile that ultimately decides the characteristics of the biodiesel prepared from them,are reviewed.
基金to King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi(KMUTT)for the Postdoctoral fellowship awarded to him and the Research Network NANOTEC(RNN)program(Grant No:P1851883)of the National Nanotechnology Center(NANOTEC),NSTDA,Ministry of Science and Technology,Thailand that made this work possible.
文摘Carbonaceous materials with large interlayer spacing and disordered structure are considered suitable as electrodes in sodium-ion batteries so as to overcome the problem encountered in conventional electrodes.In this study,carbon quantum dots(CQDs)decorated with SnO_(2)and NaVO_(3)are used as electrodes in the fabrication of flexible Na-ion batteries.CQDs are prepared from dead leaves of the Samanea saman tree through alkaline-peroxide treatment and hydrothermal carbonization.As-prepared CQDs exhibit a quantum yield of 21.03%at an excitation wavelength of 360 nm.Various separators such as indium-doped tin oxide/polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether(ITO/PTE),rice paper(RP),silicone with three big holes(SIL BH),silicone with many small holes(SIL SH)and cellulose paper(CP)have been tried in flexible Na-ion batteries.SIL SH achieved higher specific capacitance(881 F g-1)than other separators due to the function of many small holes on the surface of the silicone.The SIL SH separator delivered higher discharge capacities of 141 and 114 mC g-1 at 1.5 and 2.5 V than SIL BH.The RP separator delivered specific discharge capacities of 1087 and 347 mC g-1 in the 1st and 50th cycles,respectively,at 1 V.The RP separator delivered a high initial specific discharge capacity of 698 mC g-1 at 2 V and maintained a good discharge capacity of 222 mC g-1 in the 50th cycle.As compared to RP,SIL SH delivered high specific discharge capacity of 4246 in 1st cycle at 2 V but maintained a capacity of 71 mC g-1 in the 50th cycle.This study reveals the scope of developing flexible Na-ion batteries with high capacity and cyclability using carbonaceous materials derived from the leaves of the S.saman tree.
基金support provided by Agricultural Research Development Agency(Grant no.CRP5507010820)the King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi through the“KMUTT 55th Anniversary Commemorative Fund”(Grant number 60000331).
文摘Salicylic acid(SA)is used as a preservative in food and a biocide in some consumer products.However,in some countries its use is prohibited.The main problem in the electroanalytical determination of SA is the formation of a passive film during the electro-oxidation of SA.To alleviate the passivation during SA measurement,the experiment was conducted by screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE).While,differential pulse voltammetry(DPV)was essential for oxidation process to provide better sensitivity.Under conditions of optimized pH and electrolyte concentration,we have calibrated SA in the range of 0.001-0.2 mM,with and LOD of 1.6μM.The relative standard deviation of the sensor responses to 40μM and 100μM SA(n=20)was<3%.SA recoveries in samples such as pickled green mustard,pickled bamboo shoots,pickled mango,pickled lime,pickle ginger and apple juice were found to be in the range of 84-113%.
文摘Gel-polymer electrolytes with high thermal stability and mechanical properties were considered suitable in rechargeable batteries so as to overcome the problems encountered in liquid electrolytes.In a previous study,flexible sodium-ion batteries(FSIBs)were fabri-cated using electrodes made of carbon quantum dots(CQDs)decorated with SnO_(2) and NaVO_(3) utilizing a polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)/P3HT gel-polymer electrolyte at a ratio of 1:0.05.In addition,various separators such as indium-doped tin oxide/polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether(ITO/PTE),rice paper(RP),silicone with three big holes(SIL BH),silicone with many small holes(SIL SH)and cellulose paper(CP)were tested in flexible Na-ion batteries.The SIL SH delivered a high specific discharge capacity of 4246 mAh g^(-1) in the initial cycle at 2 V and maintained a value of 71 mAh g^(-1) in the 50th cycle.With the aim of improving the cyclic ability of FSIBs,different weight ratios of PVA/P3HT(1:0.025,1:0.05,1:0.1,1:0.15,1:0.2)were tried in this work using the electrodes CQDs@SnO_(2) and CQDs@NaVO_(3).The above ratios were referred to as B25,B50,B100,B150 and B200,respectively.SIL SH was used as a separator.Cyclic voltammetry studies indicated that B150 had a high specific capacitance of 13062 F g^(-1).B25 and B100 exhibited high discharge capacities(171 mAh g^(-1))and(151 mAh g^(-1))compared to that of other ratios B50(75 mAh g^(-1)),B150(88 mAh g^(-1))and B200(54 mAh g^(-1))in the 50th cycle at 2.0 V.This study reveals the scope of developing FSIBs of high capacity and cyclability at different voltages using carbonaceous electrodes and gel-polymer electrolytes with different ratios of PVA/P3HT.The focus of the present study is to bring out the optimum ratio of PVA/P3HT for maximizing the cyclic ability of FSIBs.
基金supported by King Mongkut’s University of Tech-nology Thonburi:KMUTT Fund 2021-2022/Grant number 26509 and Thailand Science Research and Innovation:KMUTT Fundamental Fund 2022funded by the Cluster and Program Management Division of the National Science and Technology Development Agency:Grant number P1851618as well as Agricultural Research Development Agency:Grant number P1950283.
文摘The growing worldwide occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)necessitates the development of effective treatments.This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the inhibitory effect of trypsin-digested Spirulina protein hydrolysate(SPH)on the dipeptidyl peptidase IV(DPP-IV)enzyme,responsible for deacti-vating incretin hormones that stimulate insulin secretion.Following purification through hydrophobic interac-tion chromatography,the DPP-IV inhibition potential was enhanced,achieving a level of 74.20%±5.78%,with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))value of 0.46±0.16 mg/ml.By subsequently encapsulating the purified SPH within alginate and chitosan microcapsules,a controlled and sustained release profile of bioactive peptides was achieved while retaining their DPP-IV inhibitory activity.The encapsulation process exhibited an efficiency of 86.30%±0.16%and an efficacy of 80.65%±0.16%for SPH loading.Further analysis via LC-MS/MS revealed a potent peptide,GPNYASSER,derived from phycocyanin,exhibiting an IC_(50)value of 0.358±0.188 mM.Beyond the search for specific peptides displaying strong DPP-IV inhibitory properties,the integration of SPH as function components for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM)management holds significant promise as a pathway for long-term preventive strategies.
文摘Biodiesel-an impressive alternative fuel with favourable physico-chemical properties having environmental benefits-is prepared from vegetable oil.However,the cost is one of the main hurdles in commercializing it.Its production by conventional transesterification processes needs high ambient temperature and a specialized catalyst.Due to the multifaceted adversities of many of the catalysts,there is active consideration for an electrocatalytic process that does not require elevated temperature.In addition,an electrocatalytic process is carried out in the presence or absence of a catalyst or co-solvent.In this review,various parameters such as electrolysis voltage,stirring rate,electrode type,water content,co-solvent type,reaction temperature,reaction duration,oil-to-methanol molar ratio and concentration of NaCl affecting the electrocatalytic transesterification process are presented.
