Aim： To investigate effects of quercetin on weight and histology of testis and accessory sex organs and on sperm quality in adult male rats. Methods： Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected s.c. with quercetin at the...Aim： To investigate effects of quercetin on weight and histology of testis and accessory sex organs and on sperm quality in adult male rats. Methods： Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected s.c. with quercetin at the dose of 0, 30, 90, or 270 mg/kg body weight/day （hereafter abbreviated Q0, Q30, Q90 and Q270, respectively）, and each dose was administered for treatment durations of 3, 7 and 14 days. Results： From our study, it was found that the effects of quercetin on reproductive organs and sperm quality depended on the dose and duration of treatment. After Q270 treatment for 14 days, the weights of testes, epididymis and vas deferens were significantly increased, whereas the weights of seminal vesicle and prostate gland were significantly decreased, compared with those of Q0. The histological alteration of those organs was observed after Q270 treatment for 7 days as well as 14 days. The sperm motility, viability and concentration were significantly increased after Q90 and Q270 injections after both of 7 and 14 days. Changes in sperm quality were earlier and greater than those in sex organ histology and weight, respectively. Conclusion： Overall results indicate that quercetin might indirectly affect sperm quality through the stimulation of the sex organs, both at the cellular and organ levels, depending on the dose and the duration of treatment. Therefore, the use of quercetin as an alternative drug for treatment of male infertility should be considered. （Asian J Androl 2008 Mar. 10： 249-258）展开更多
Phagocytosis of opsonized pathogens by circulating non-adherent neutrophils is an essential step in host defense, which when overwhelmed contributes to sepsis. To investigate the role played by ligation of complement ...Phagocytosis of opsonized pathogens by circulating non-adherent neutrophils is an essential step in host defense, which when overwhelmed contributes to sepsis. To investigate the role played by ligation of complement receptors CR3 and CR4 in non-adherent neutrophils, we designed a novel assay system utilizing dual optical traps, respectively, holding a suspended unactivated cell and presenting a specific ligand-coated bead to the cell surface. We chose anti-CD 18 as an example ligand, mimicking the bacterial opsonizing complement fragment iC3b. Presentation of anti-CD 18-coated beads elicited both pseudopodial protrusion and subsequent phagocytosis. This is in sharp contrast to previously reported responses of adherent neutrophils, which phagocytize opsonized particles without pseudopod formation. We used this same new assay to probe actomyosin pathways in the neutrophil＇s pseudopodial and phagocytic response. Disruption of actin or inhibition of myosin light-chain kinase dose-dependently reduced pseudopod formation and phagocytosis rates. In summary, i） the new dual trap assay can be used to study the responses of suspended neutrophils to a variety of ligands, and ii） in a first application of this technique, we found that local ligation of CR3/4 in unactivated neutrophils in suspension induces pseudopod formation and phagocytosis at that site, and that these events occur via an actomyosindependent pathway.展开更多
1997年在英国北部一个叫纽卡斯尔（Newcastle upon Tyne）（图1）的城市里发生了一件与卒中学术研究＂无关＂的小事,但这件小事在10年后却改变了整个卒中世界。1996年美国食品药品监督管理局（Food and Drug Administration,FDA）批准...1997年在英国北部一个叫纽卡斯尔（Newcastle upon Tyne）（图1）的城市里发生了一件与卒中学术研究＂无关＂的小事,但这件小事在10年后却改变了整个卒中世界。1996年美国食品药品监督管理局（Food and Drug Administration,FDA）批准了对急性缺血性卒中患者在发病3 h内使用阿替普酶溶栓,从此开始了溶栓治疗卒中的时代。展开更多
日本的AKIRA ENDO（图1）发现了第一个他汀类（Statin）药物。ENDO在1933年生于日本的秋田,在农场长大,从小对真菌感兴趣。1957年在仙台的东北大学农学系毕业,1966年获得生化博士学位。ENDO在美国的艾伯特爱因斯坦医学院（Albert Einste...日本的AKIRA ENDO（图1）发现了第一个他汀类（Statin）药物。ENDO在1933年生于日本的秋田,在农场长大,从小对真菌感兴趣。1957年在仙台的东北大学农学系毕业,1966年获得生化博士学位。ENDO在美国的艾伯特爱因斯坦医学院（Albert Einstein College of Medicine）进修了两年（19 6 6-19 6 8）,研究胆固醇（cholesterol）。展开更多
Fred Plum(1924-2010,图1)是美国神经内科医师,以研究意识障碍和昏迷而闻名天下,他的研究使意识障碍成为神经内科的范畴。Plum对意识障碍的研究有三大贡献:一是发现和命名了“闭锁综合征(locked-i nsyndrome)”;二是与苏格兰的神经外科...Fred Plum(1924-2010,图1)是美国神经内科医师,以研究意识障碍和昏迷而闻名天下,他的研究使意识障碍成为神经内科的范畴。Plum对意识障碍的研究有三大贡献:一是发现和命名了“闭锁综合征(locked-i nsyndrome)”;二是与苏格兰的神经外科医生Bryan Jennett(1926-2008)一起发现和命名了“持续性植物状态(persistent vegetativestate)”;三是挑战了医学伦理学,反对维持无自主意识的生命,支持“生前预嘱(living will)”和“死亡权(right to die)”,影响了全世界的行医准则。展开更多
Charles George Drake(1920-1998)是加拿大神经外科医生,以研究脑动脉瘤而留名于世(图1)。Drake对卒中的主要贡献是研究脑动脉瘤和脑动-静脉畸形的手术治疗,尤其是他开创了后循环/后颅窝基底动脉瘤和巨大动脉瘤的手术治疗,他探讨手术的...Charles George Drake(1920-1998)是加拿大神经外科医生,以研究脑动脉瘤而留名于世(图1)。Drake对卒中的主要贡献是研究脑动脉瘤和脑动-静脉畸形的手术治疗,尤其是他开创了后循环/后颅窝基底动脉瘤和巨大动脉瘤的手术治疗,他探讨手术的成功和失败,热衷于教学和培训,促进了脑血管外科的发展。另外,Drake还发明了以他命名的动脉瘤夹——“Drake-Clip”。展开更多
George Burrows(1801-1887)(图1)是英国医生,1874年被授予皇家男爵(Baronet)爵位。Burrows对卒中做出两大贡献:一是在1846年出版了《脑循环障碍》(On Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation)一书,对卒中尤其是卒中与心脏和其他外周器...George Burrows(1801-1887)(图1)是英国医生,1874年被授予皇家男爵(Baronet)爵位。Burrows对卒中做出两大贡献:一是在1846年出版了《脑循环障碍》(On Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation)一书,对卒中尤其是卒中与心脏和其他外周器官的关系做出推断和评价。二是在《脑循环障碍》一书中批判了“颅内压定律”的传统概念,首次提出脑脊液参与颅内压的调节。展开更多
约翰·雅各布·卫普菲（Johann Jakob Wepfer，1620-1695）是第一个把卒中（Apoplexy）定性为脑血管病的人（图1）。希波克拉底在公元前400多年发明了卒中一词，意为患者像是被闪电击中，一下突然被打倒，但是病因一直不明。直...约翰·雅各布·卫普菲（Johann Jakob Wepfer，1620-1695）是第一个把卒中（Apoplexy）定性为脑血管病的人（图1）。希波克拉底在公元前400多年发明了卒中一词，意为患者像是被闪电击中，一下突然被打倒，但是病因一直不明。直到2000年后在1658年，Wepfer在历史上首先推测卒中是因为脑出血造成的。他描述了4例患者，其中一例突然昏倒，抽动，数小时后死亡，尸检硬膜下和脑室到处是血，血块有两磅重。但是没有找到破裂的动脉和静脉（小血管破裂当时看不到），也排除了脑外伤。Wepfer也是第一个描述脑大血管阻塞造成卒中的人。从此后卒中意味着脑血管疾病。展开更多
文摘Aim： To investigate effects of quercetin on weight and histology of testis and accessory sex organs and on sperm quality in adult male rats. Methods： Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected s.c. with quercetin at the dose of 0, 30, 90, or 270 mg/kg body weight/day （hereafter abbreviated Q0, Q30, Q90 and Q270, respectively）, and each dose was administered for treatment durations of 3, 7 and 14 days. Results： From our study, it was found that the effects of quercetin on reproductive organs and sperm quality depended on the dose and duration of treatment. After Q270 treatment for 14 days, the weights of testes, epididymis and vas deferens were significantly increased, whereas the weights of seminal vesicle and prostate gland were significantly decreased, compared with those of Q0. The histological alteration of those organs was observed after Q270 treatment for 7 days as well as 14 days. The sperm motility, viability and concentration were significantly increased after Q90 and Q270 injections after both of 7 and 14 days. Changes in sperm quality were earlier and greater than those in sex organ histology and weight, respectively. Conclusion： Overall results indicate that quercetin might indirectly affect sperm quality through the stimulation of the sex organs, both at the cellular and organ levels, depending on the dose and the duration of treatment. Therefore, the use of quercetin as an alternative drug for treatment of male infertility should be considered. （Asian J Androl 2008 Mar. 10： 249-258）
文摘Phagocytosis of opsonized pathogens by circulating non-adherent neutrophils is an essential step in host defense, which when overwhelmed contributes to sepsis. To investigate the role played by ligation of complement receptors CR3 and CR4 in non-adherent neutrophils, we designed a novel assay system utilizing dual optical traps, respectively, holding a suspended unactivated cell and presenting a specific ligand-coated bead to the cell surface. We chose anti-CD 18 as an example ligand, mimicking the bacterial opsonizing complement fragment iC3b. Presentation of anti-CD 18-coated beads elicited both pseudopodial protrusion and subsequent phagocytosis. This is in sharp contrast to previously reported responses of adherent neutrophils, which phagocytize opsonized particles without pseudopod formation. We used this same new assay to probe actomyosin pathways in the neutrophil＇s pseudopodial and phagocytic response. Disruption of actin or inhibition of myosin light-chain kinase dose-dependently reduced pseudopod formation and phagocytosis rates. In summary, i） the new dual trap assay can be used to study the responses of suspended neutrophils to a variety of ligands, and ii） in a first application of this technique, we found that local ligation of CR3/4 in unactivated neutrophils in suspension induces pseudopod formation and phagocytosis at that site, and that these events occur via an actomyosindependent pathway.
文摘1997年在英国北部一个叫纽卡斯尔（Newcastle upon Tyne）（图1）的城市里发生了一件与卒中学术研究＂无关＂的小事,但这件小事在10年后却改变了整个卒中世界。1996年美国食品药品监督管理局（Food and Drug Administration,FDA）批准了对急性缺血性卒中患者在发病3 h内使用阿替普酶溶栓,从此开始了溶栓治疗卒中的时代。
文摘日本的AKIRA ENDO（图1）发现了第一个他汀类（Statin）药物。ENDO在1933年生于日本的秋田,在农场长大,从小对真菌感兴趣。1957年在仙台的东北大学农学系毕业,1966年获得生化博士学位。ENDO在美国的艾伯特爱因斯坦医学院（Albert Einstein College of Medicine）进修了两年（19 6 6-19 6 8）,研究胆固醇（cholesterol）。
文摘Charles George Drake(1920-1998)是加拿大神经外科医生,以研究脑动脉瘤而留名于世(图1)。Drake对卒中的主要贡献是研究脑动脉瘤和脑动-静脉畸形的手术治疗,尤其是他开创了后循环/后颅窝基底动脉瘤和巨大动脉瘤的手术治疗,他探讨手术的成功和失败,热衷于教学和培训,促进了脑血管外科的发展。另外,Drake还发明了以他命名的动脉瘤夹——“Drake-Clip”。
文摘George Burrows(1801-1887)(图1)是英国医生,1874年被授予皇家男爵(Baronet)爵位。Burrows对卒中做出两大贡献:一是在1846年出版了《脑循环障碍》(On Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation)一书,对卒中尤其是卒中与心脏和其他外周器官的关系做出推断和评价。二是在《脑循环障碍》一书中批判了“颅内压定律”的传统概念,首次提出脑脊液参与颅内压的调节。
文摘约翰·雅各布·卫普菲（Johann Jakob Wepfer，1620-1695）是第一个把卒中（Apoplexy）定性为脑血管病的人（图1）。希波克拉底在公元前400多年发明了卒中一词，意为患者像是被闪电击中，一下突然被打倒，但是病因一直不明。直到2000年后在1658年，Wepfer在历史上首先推测卒中是因为脑出血造成的。他描述了4例患者，其中一例突然昏倒，抽动，数小时后死亡，尸检硬膜下和脑室到处是血，血块有两磅重。但是没有找到破裂的动脉和静脉（小血管破裂当时看不到），也排除了脑外伤。Wepfer也是第一个描述脑大血管阻塞造成卒中的人。从此后卒中意味着脑血管疾病。
