The star-forming clumps in star-bursting dwarf galaxies provide valuable insights into understanding the evolution of dwarf galaxies.In this paper,we focus on five star-bursting dwarf galaxies featuring off-centered c...The star-forming clumps in star-bursting dwarf galaxies provide valuable insights into understanding the evolution of dwarf galaxies.In this paper,we focus on five star-bursting dwarf galaxies featuring off-centered clumps in the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey.Using the stellar population synthesis software Fitting Analysis using Differential evolution Optimization,we obtain the spatially resolved distribution of the star formation history,which allows us to construct the g-band images of the five galaxies at different ages.These images can help us to probe the evolution of the morphological structures of these galaxies.While images of a stellar population older than 1 Gyr are typically smooth,images of a stellar population younger than 1 Gyr reveal significant clumps,including multiple clumps which appear at different locations and even different ages.To study the evolutionary connections of these five galaxies to other dwarf galaxies before their star-forming clumps appear,we construct the images of the stellar populations older than three age nodes,and define them to be the images of the"host"galaxies.We find that the properties such as the central surface brightness and the effective radii of the hosts of the five galaxies are in between those of dwarf ellipticals(dEs)and dwarf irregulars(dIrrs),with two clearly more similar to dEs and one more similar to dIrrs.Among the five galaxies,8257-3704 is particularly interesting,as it shows a previous starburst event that is not quite visible from its gri image,but only visible from images of the stellar population at a few hundred million years.The star-forming clump associated with this event may have appeared at around 600 Myr ago and disappeared at around 40 Myr ago.展开更多
The low t emperature part of hysteresis curves of the freezing and melting processes of ^(4)He in vycor glass with the lowest temperature O.4K were measured,as the pressure ranged from 36.45 to 55.18(1O^(5)Pa).Some no...The low t emperature part of hysteresis curves of the freezing and melting processes of ^(4)He in vycor glass with the lowest temperature O.4K were measured,as the pressure ranged from 36.45 to 55.18(1O^(5)Pa).Some novel characteristics of these curves were observed in such high temperature and pressure range.They may result from the existence of superfluid ^(4)He.展开更多
The glass-transition behavior of Pd40Cu30Ni10P20 bulk metallic glass was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）. The effect of pressure on the crystallization be...The glass-transition behavior of Pd40Cu30Ni10P20 bulk metallic glass was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）. The effect of pressure on the crystallization behavior of Pd40Cu30Ni10P20 bulk glass was studied by in situ high-pressure and high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Phase analyses show at least six crystalline phases in the crystallized sample, namely, monoclinic, tetragonal CuaPd-like, rhombohedral, fcc-Ni2Pd2P, fcc-（Ni, Pd） solid solution, and body-centered tetragonal （bct） NiaP-like phases. The onset crystallization temperature increases with pressure having a slope of 1 1 K/GPa in the range of 0 to 4 GPa. The results are attributed to the competing process between the thermodynamic potential barrier and the diffusion activation energy under pressure.展开更多
A double burden of overweight/obesity and malnutrition during childhood is a major concern in China.Dietary intakes in this critical period affect children’s physical and cognitive development,and also have health co...A double burden of overweight/obesity and malnutrition during childhood is a major concern in China.Dietary intakes in this critical period affect children’s physical and cognitive development,and also have health consequences in later life.Therefore,establishing healthy eating habits that will endure is crucial for children.Nutrition education is an effective way in improving nutrition knowledge and attitudes,and healthy eating behaviors.Diverse forms of nutrition improvement programs that targeting children,family,teachers,and school settings have been conducted in many developed countries.However,due to the differences of genetic background,household environment as well as dietary patterns between Chinese children and children from other countries,the existing nutrition education programs for children abroad might not be appropriate for children in China.Thus,nutrition education programs that consider Chinese nutrition-related policies and food supply as well as the local educational resources are required for Chinese children.This review summarized nutrition-related policies and legislations in China and developed countries.A series of evidence-based nutrition education programs that combined educational strategies and environmental supports conducted in the Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth Study were presented.These programs can serve as example models for adopting nutrition interventions to improve nutrition and health status of children in different regions of China.展开更多
The goal of this study is to determine specific guidelines for Iraqi architects to contribute to the design and composition of energy-efficient housing units within the limits of a normal budget, locally available mat...The goal of this study is to determine specific guidelines for Iraqi architects to contribute to the design and composition of energy-efficient housing units within the limits of a normal budget, locally available materials and technologies. These units can provide comfort despite the current energy situation in Iraq. The study is based on a computer simulation for a reference building in Baghdad, which has been selected according to the urban conditions, building legislations, housing market and statistics. The final results displayed the main recommendations and the possibility to achieve up to 50% energy reduction with a pay-back period not exceeding two years in some cases. There are some measures that have big energy saving potential. Yet, some of the measures may require big investment or have some bad environmental impacts. Some other good measures are already being implemented.展开更多
Understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. Spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions Panthera leo, approa...Understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. Spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions Panthera leo, approaching the lions as a tightknit group while vocalizing loudly in an attempt to overwhelm them and drive them away. Whereas cooperative mobbing behavior has been well documented in birds and some mammals, to our knowledge it has never been described during interactions between 2 apex predators. Using a 27-year dataset, we characterize lion-hyena encoun- ters, assess rates of mobbing behavior observed during these interactions, and inquire whether mobbing results in successful acquisition of food. Lions and hyenas interacted most often at fresh kills, especially as prey size and the number of hyenas present increased. Possession of food at the beginning of an interaction positively affected retention of that food by each predator species. The presence of male lions increased the probability of an interspecific interaction but decreased the likelihood of hyenas obtaining or retaining possession of the food. Hyena mobbing rates were highest at fresh kills, but lower when adult male lions were present. The occurrence of mobbing was predicted by an increase in the number of hyenas present. Whether or not mobbing resulted in acquisition of food from lions was predicted by an increase in the number of mobs formed by the hyenas present, suggesting that cooperation among hyenas enhances their fitness.展开更多
Older adults are at an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis.High internal knee abduction moment during daily activities may elevate the risk of knee osteoarthritis.Incline walking exercise has been found t...Older adults are at an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis.High internal knee abduction moment during daily activities may elevate the risk of knee osteoarthritis.Incline walking exercise has been found to decrease knee abduction moment in healthy young adults.However,it is unknown if this occurs in healthy older adults.The purpose of this study was to quantify the internal knee abduction moment at different treadmill grades to determine if incline walking could reduce the knee abduction moment in healthy older adults.Twelve healthy older adult males walked on a treadmill at five incline grades(0%,5%,10%,15%,and 20%)at 1.34 m·s^(-1).The primary outcome variable was the internal knee abduction moment.A one-way repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was performed to determine differences in the dependent variables among incline gradients.Peak knee abduction moment significantly decreased from level walking at all gradients in 10% increments(0%-10%,p<0.001;5%-15%,p<0.002;and 10%-20%,p=0.04).A reduction in knee abduction moment during incline walking could result in decreased knee joint loading on the medial knee compartment.For older adults,who are looking to exercise to improve their health,incline walking may be beneficial to promote lower body strength and cardiovascular ability without inflicting further harm to the aging knee joints.However,because the frontal plane knee joint was of primary interest in this study,further research is needed to determine the effects of incline walking on other joints and in other planes of motion.展开更多
This article presents a methodology for the integration of building performance simulation （BPS） into the writing of architectural history. While BPS tools have been developed mainly for design purposes, their curre...This article presents a methodology for the integration of building performance simulation （BPS） into the writing of architectural history. While BPS tools have been developed mainly for design purposes, their current maturity enables to reliably apply them in simulating the performance of past buildings, even when these buildings have been significantly modified or demolished. The possibility to virtually reconstruct the performance of past buildings can help us to overcome the existing knowledge gap in the understanding of the role played by building performance and building performance research through the history of architecture and can therefore promote the intelligent and successful application of environmental features in contemporary architecture. The potential of the proposed methodology is presented here using a historical case study from 1960s Israel （a university building in Tel Aviv）, in which climatic considerations were an explicit part of the entire design process. The original thermal performance of the building was analysed by employing the EnergyPlus simulation engine, and the simulation results were used for evaluating the climatic impact of certain design decisions, comparing them with the proclaimed design goals and the original intentions of the architects.展开更多
This work details a newly developed“sandwich”nanoplatform via neutravidin-biotin system for the detection and treatment of inflammation.First,biotinylated-and folate-conjugated optical imaging micelles targeted acti...This work details a newly developed“sandwich”nanoplatform via neutravidin-biotin system for the detection and treatment of inflammation.First,biotinylated-and folate-conjugated optical imaging micelles targeted activated macrophages via folate/folate receptor interactions.Second,multivalent neutravidin proteins in an optimal concentration accumulated on the biotinylated macrophages.Finally,biotinylated anti-inflammatory drug-loaded micelles delivered drugs effectively at the inflammatory sites via a highly specific neutravidin-biotin affinity.Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the“sandwich”pretargeting platform was able to diagnose inflammation by targeting activated macrophages as well as improve the therapeutic efficacy by amplifying the drug delivery to the inflamed tissue.The overall results support that our new pretargeting platform has the potential for inflammatory disease diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
In the analyses of the uncertainty propagation of buildings’energy-demand,the Monte Carlo method is commonly used.In this study we present two alternative approaches:the stochastic perturbation method and the transfo...In the analyses of the uncertainty propagation of buildings’energy-demand,the Monte Carlo method is commonly used.In this study we present two alternative approaches:the stochastic perturbation method and the transformed random variable method.The energy-demand analysis is performed for the representative single-family house in Poland.The investigation is focused on two independent variables,considered as uncertain,the expanded polystyrene thermal conductivity and external temperature;however the generalization on any countable number of parameters is possible.Afterwards,the propagation of the uncertainty in the calculations of the energy consumption has been investigated using two aforementioned approaches.The stochastic perturbation method is used to determine the expected value and central moments of the energy consumption,while the transformed random variable method allows to obtain the explicit form of energy consumption probability density function and further characteristic parameters like quantiles of energy consumption.The calculated data evinces a high accordance with the results obtained by means of the Monte Carlo method.The most important conclusions are related to the computational cost reduction,simplicity of the application and the appropriateness of the proposed approaches for the buildings’energy-demand calculations.展开更多
This article presents an innovative facade system designed to increase the thermal comfort inside an office room and to enhance the cooling capacity of the suspended cooling ceiling. A series of measurements is conduc...This article presents an innovative facade system designed to increase the thermal comfort inside an office room and to enhance the cooling capacity of the suspended cooling ceiling. A series of measurements is conducted in an existing office building with different facade systems （i.e., a combination of grazing and shading）. An innovative facade system is devetoped based on this intensive set of measurements. The new system enhances the thermal comfort and cooling capacity of the suspended cooling ceiling. The main usage of the new system is the refurbishment and improvement of existing facade systems.展开更多
In this paper,we revisit the simple problem of reflection from a dielectric sphere for light rays and define a form of optical inverse problem in the sense of geometrical optics(GO).A general analytic formula is deriv...In this paper,we revisit the simple problem of reflection from a dielectric sphere for light rays and define a form of optical inverse problem in the sense of geometrical optics(GO).A general analytic formula is derived to obtain the refraction index of the sphere for any incidence light to emerge in a deflected angle.Numerical wave simulation and ray tracing are performed to verify the inverse formulae derived.展开更多
Purpose Pedometers can be an effective tool to increase step counts in a physically inactive population.In a more active population,pedometers may also be useful for further increasing physical activity and improving ...Purpose Pedometers can be an effective tool to increase step counts in a physically inactive population.In a more active population,pedometers may also be useful for further increasing physical activity and improving cardiovascular disease risk factors.Our purpose was to assess the adherence and determine the health impact of a 100,000 steps/week(14,286 steps/day)goal in a somewhat-active(7500-9999 steps/day)to active(10,000-12,500 steps/day)population.Methods Thirty-two apparently healthy subjects,13 males(age 44±14 years)and 19 females(age 39±13 years)who had a baseline activity level between 7500 and 12,500 steps/day,were studied.Participants were assessed prior to and 16 weeks after completing a 100,000 steps/week intervention.Pre-and post-assessments of health included body composition,rest-ing blood pressure,blood lipid profile,fasting blood glucose,and a 3-min walk test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness.Results Fifty-three percent of participants adhered(≥90,000 steps/week)to the 100,000 steps/week physical activity program yet all participants increased their stepping by 23,303±11,480 steps/week.With increased stepping,significant improvements in body composition were observed.Improvements included reduced body mass index(pre:27.2±3.6 kg/m^(2);post:26.9±3.6 kg/m^(2);P=0.026),reduced total percent body fat(pre:35.7±9.9%;post:34.3±10.4%;P<0.001),and reduced waist circumference(pre:83.8±10.2 cm;post:81.5±10.0 cm;P=0.001).An unexpected increase was observed for low density lipoprotein cholesterol(pre:109.7±22.7 mg/dL;post:117.6±20.4 mg/dL;P<0.05).Conclusions Individuals who were previously somewhat-active or active can gain additional health benefits,particularly improvements in body composition,by increasing to 100,000 steps/week with the use of a pedometer.展开更多
Mueller matrices were measured for natural （or reference） samples of human nails and samples irradiated by a 2 Gy ionizing radiation dose. The elements of the total Mueller matrix as a function of scattering angle w...Mueller matrices were measured for natural （or reference） samples of human nails and samples irradiated by a 2 Gy ionizing radiation dose. The elements of the total Mueller matrix as a function of scattering angle were measured in backscattering mode at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. Several types of depolarizing Mueller matrix decompositions, namely, Ossikovsky, Williams, and Chipman, were calculated as a function of scattering angle for each nail sample. A comparative analysis of the sensitivity of the Mueller matrix decompositions in relation to the problem of emergency dose assessment in nails was performed.展开更多
Characteristic construction is an important part of material data analysis.In the big data environment,the de-velopment of material data science will have implications for multidimensional data analysis methods.Among ...Characteristic construction is an important part of material data analysis.In the big data environment,the de-velopment of material data science will have implications for multidimensional data analysis methods.Among these,the machine learning method for multidimensional data models can be widely applied to material data types,including element ratios,atomic compositions,electronic arrangements,molecular structures,and energy distributions.For high-throughput computing materials,it is recommended in material data science to judge and extract the main characteristics influencing material properties and predict novel functional materials us-ing the discovered laws.Consequently,we considere the characteristic construction,learning prediction,feature extraction,and high-order analysis of computational materials as the main research purposes,and construct a composite analysis model of the material system by combining data preprocessing,data mining,data evaluation,and knowledge representation as the main steps of data analysis.This demonstrates that a method to comprehen-sively judge the properties of materials by constructing the characteristics of materials in different dimensions is essential.展开更多
Dietary polyphenols,such as curcumin,green tea catechins,and pomegranate extract,may have the ability to enhance the effectiveness of long-term training programs by managing training-induced inflammation.Enhanced reco...Dietary polyphenols,such as curcumin,green tea catechins,and pomegranate extract,may have the ability to enhance the effectiveness of long-term training programs by managing training-induced inflammation.Enhanced recovery may translate to increased capacity to train and perform more effectively.The dietary polyphenol curcumin has been reported to block the action of COX-2 and NF-kB signaling and would allow for increased capacity to train leading to heightened adaptations and the potential for ergogenic outcomes.These actions are very similar to the targeted actions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),but without the side-effects of NSAIDs.This review will compare and contrast the known effects of cur-cumin and identify common design elements between existing studies.Through this critical review of the existing literature it is our goal to establish a set of best practices that could be applied to an athletic population that is interested in using oral curcumin supplementation as a recovery agent.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFA0405501 and 2022YFF0503402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.12233005 and 12041302)+6 种基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Project Number:22ZR1473000)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(No.22XD1404200)supports from the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents ProgramUSTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiativethe NSFC grant 12273037the NSFC grants 12033004,12333003support from the NSFC through grants 12273091 and U2031139。
文摘The star-forming clumps in star-bursting dwarf galaxies provide valuable insights into understanding the evolution of dwarf galaxies.In this paper,we focus on five star-bursting dwarf galaxies featuring off-centered clumps in the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey.Using the stellar population synthesis software Fitting Analysis using Differential evolution Optimization,we obtain the spatially resolved distribution of the star formation history,which allows us to construct the g-band images of the five galaxies at different ages.These images can help us to probe the evolution of the morphological structures of these galaxies.While images of a stellar population older than 1 Gyr are typically smooth,images of a stellar population younger than 1 Gyr reveal significant clumps,including multiple clumps which appear at different locations and even different ages.To study the evolutionary connections of these five galaxies to other dwarf galaxies before their star-forming clumps appear,we construct the images of the stellar populations older than three age nodes,and define them to be the images of the"host"galaxies.We find that the properties such as the central surface brightness and the effective radii of the hosts of the five galaxies are in between those of dwarf ellipticals(dEs)and dwarf irregulars(dIrrs),with two clearly more similar to dEs and one more similar to dIrrs.Among the five galaxies,8257-3704 is particularly interesting,as it shows a previous starburst event that is not quite visible from its gri image,but only visible from images of the stellar population at a few hundred million years.The star-forming clump associated with this event may have appeared at around 600 Myr ago and disappeared at around 40 Myr ago.
文摘The low t emperature part of hysteresis curves of the freezing and melting processes of ^(4)He in vycor glass with the lowest temperature O.4K were measured,as the pressure ranged from 36.45 to 55.18(1O^(5)Pa).Some novel characteristics of these curves were observed in such high temperature and pressure range.They may result from the existence of superfluid ^(4)He.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (No.2042014).
文摘The glass-transition behavior of Pd40Cu30Ni10P20 bulk metallic glass was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）. The effect of pressure on the crystallization behavior of Pd40Cu30Ni10P20 bulk glass was studied by in situ high-pressure and high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Phase analyses show at least six crystalline phases in the crystallized sample, namely, monoclinic, tetragonal CuaPd-like, rhombohedral, fcc-Ni2Pd2P, fcc-（Ni, Pd） solid solution, and body-centered tetragonal （bct） NiaP-like phases. The onset crystallization temperature increases with pressure having a slope of 1 1 K/GPa in the range of 0 to 4 GPa. The results are attributed to the competing process between the thermodynamic potential barrier and the diffusion activation energy under pressure.
基金This work was supported in part by research grants from the New Century Excellent Talents in University Program(NCET-12-0377)Sichuan Outstanding Young Scholars Foundation(2014JQ0005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.81673158).
文摘A double burden of overweight/obesity and malnutrition during childhood is a major concern in China.Dietary intakes in this critical period affect children’s physical and cognitive development,and also have health consequences in later life.Therefore,establishing healthy eating habits that will endure is crucial for children.Nutrition education is an effective way in improving nutrition knowledge and attitudes,and healthy eating behaviors.Diverse forms of nutrition improvement programs that targeting children,family,teachers,and school settings have been conducted in many developed countries.However,due to the differences of genetic background,household environment as well as dietary patterns between Chinese children and children from other countries,the existing nutrition education programs for children abroad might not be appropriate for children in China.Thus,nutrition education programs that consider Chinese nutrition-related policies and food supply as well as the local educational resources are required for Chinese children.This review summarized nutrition-related policies and legislations in China and developed countries.A series of evidence-based nutrition education programs that combined educational strategies and environmental supports conducted in the Southwest China Childhood Nutrition and Growth Study were presented.These programs can serve as example models for adopting nutrition interventions to improve nutrition and health status of children in different regions of China.
文摘The goal of this study is to determine specific guidelines for Iraqi architects to contribute to the design and composition of energy-efficient housing units within the limits of a normal budget, locally available materials and technologies. These units can provide comfort despite the current energy situation in Iraq. The study is based on a computer simulation for a reference building in Baghdad, which has been selected according to the urban conditions, building legislations, housing market and statistics. The final results displayed the main recommendations and the possibility to achieve up to 50% energy reduction with a pay-back period not exceeding two years in some cases. There are some measures that have big energy saving potential. Yet, some of the measures may require big investment or have some bad environmental impacts. Some other good measures are already being implemented.
文摘Understanding the factors that facilitate the emergence of cooperation among organisms is central to the study of social evolution. Spotted hyenas Crocuta crocuta frequently cooperate to mob lions Panthera leo, approaching the lions as a tightknit group while vocalizing loudly in an attempt to overwhelm them and drive them away. Whereas cooperative mobbing behavior has been well documented in birds and some mammals, to our knowledge it has never been described during interactions between 2 apex predators. Using a 27-year dataset, we characterize lion-hyena encoun- ters, assess rates of mobbing behavior observed during these interactions, and inquire whether mobbing results in successful acquisition of food. Lions and hyenas interacted most often at fresh kills, especially as prey size and the number of hyenas present increased. Possession of food at the beginning of an interaction positively affected retention of that food by each predator species. The presence of male lions increased the probability of an interspecific interaction but decreased the likelihood of hyenas obtaining or retaining possession of the food. Hyena mobbing rates were highest at fresh kills, but lower when adult male lions were present. The occurrence of mobbing was predicted by an increase in the number of hyenas present. Whether or not mobbing resulted in acquisition of food from lions was predicted by an increase in the number of mobs formed by the hyenas present, suggesting that cooperation among hyenas enhances their fitness.
基金funded,in part,by a Ball State University ASPiRE grant.
文摘Older adults are at an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis.High internal knee abduction moment during daily activities may elevate the risk of knee osteoarthritis.Incline walking exercise has been found to decrease knee abduction moment in healthy young adults.However,it is unknown if this occurs in healthy older adults.The purpose of this study was to quantify the internal knee abduction moment at different treadmill grades to determine if incline walking could reduce the knee abduction moment in healthy older adults.Twelve healthy older adult males walked on a treadmill at five incline grades(0%,5%,10%,15%,and 20%)at 1.34 m·s^(-1).The primary outcome variable was the internal knee abduction moment.A one-way repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was performed to determine differences in the dependent variables among incline gradients.Peak knee abduction moment significantly decreased from level walking at all gradients in 10% increments(0%-10%,p<0.001;5%-15%,p<0.002;and 10%-20%,p=0.04).A reduction in knee abduction moment during incline walking could result in decreased knee joint loading on the medial knee compartment.For older adults,who are looking to exercise to improve their health,incline walking may be beneficial to promote lower body strength and cardiovascular ability without inflicting further harm to the aging knee joints.However,because the frontal plane knee joint was of primary interest in this study,further research is needed to determine the effects of incline walking on other joints and in other planes of motion.
文摘This article presents a methodology for the integration of building performance simulation （BPS） into the writing of architectural history. While BPS tools have been developed mainly for design purposes, their current maturity enables to reliably apply them in simulating the performance of past buildings, even when these buildings have been significantly modified or demolished. The possibility to virtually reconstruct the performance of past buildings can help us to overcome the existing knowledge gap in the understanding of the role played by building performance and building performance research through the history of architecture and can therefore promote the intelligent and successful application of environmental features in contemporary architecture. The potential of the proposed methodology is presented here using a historical case study from 1960s Israel （a university building in Tel Aviv）, in which climatic considerations were an explicit part of the entire design process. The original thermal performance of the building was analysed by employing the EnergyPlus simulation engine, and the simulation results were used for evaluating the climatic impact of certain design decisions, comparing them with the proclaimed design goals and the original intentions of the architects.
文摘This work details a newly developed“sandwich”nanoplatform via neutravidin-biotin system for the detection and treatment of inflammation.First,biotinylated-and folate-conjugated optical imaging micelles targeted activated macrophages via folate/folate receptor interactions.Second,multivalent neutravidin proteins in an optimal concentration accumulated on the biotinylated macrophages.Finally,biotinylated anti-inflammatory drug-loaded micelles delivered drugs effectively at the inflammatory sites via a highly specific neutravidin-biotin affinity.Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the“sandwich”pretargeting platform was able to diagnose inflammation by targeting activated macrophages as well as improve the therapeutic efficacy by amplifying the drug delivery to the inflamed tissue.The overall results support that our new pretargeting platform has the potential for inflammatory disease diagnosis and treatment.
文摘In the analyses of the uncertainty propagation of buildings’energy-demand,the Monte Carlo method is commonly used.In this study we present two alternative approaches:the stochastic perturbation method and the transformed random variable method.The energy-demand analysis is performed for the representative single-family house in Poland.The investigation is focused on two independent variables,considered as uncertain,the expanded polystyrene thermal conductivity and external temperature;however the generalization on any countable number of parameters is possible.Afterwards,the propagation of the uncertainty in the calculations of the energy consumption has been investigated using two aforementioned approaches.The stochastic perturbation method is used to determine the expected value and central moments of the energy consumption,while the transformed random variable method allows to obtain the explicit form of energy consumption probability density function and further characteristic parameters like quantiles of energy consumption.The calculated data evinces a high accordance with the results obtained by means of the Monte Carlo method.The most important conclusions are related to the computational cost reduction,simplicity of the application and the appropriateness of the proposed approaches for the buildings’energy-demand calculations.
文摘This article presents an innovative facade system designed to increase the thermal comfort inside an office room and to enhance the cooling capacity of the suspended cooling ceiling. A series of measurements is conducted in an existing office building with different facade systems （i.e., a combination of grazing and shading）. An innovative facade system is devetoped based on this intensive set of measurements. The new system enhances the thermal comfort and cooling capacity of the suspended cooling ceiling. The main usage of the new system is the refurbishment and improvement of existing facade systems.
基金the Hangdian University(ZX150204307002/023,KYZ043714070)Natural National Science Foundation(NSFC11174074,11804087)+1 种基金Hubei University(A201508)Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province(2018CFB148)and Ms.Shi N.’s Grant.
文摘In this paper,we revisit the simple problem of reflection from a dielectric sphere for light rays and define a form of optical inverse problem in the sense of geometrical optics(GO).A general analytic formula is derived to obtain the refraction index of the sphere for any incidence light to emerge in a deflected angle.Numerical wave simulation and ray tracing are performed to verify the inverse formulae derived.
文摘Purpose Pedometers can be an effective tool to increase step counts in a physically inactive population.In a more active population,pedometers may also be useful for further increasing physical activity and improving cardiovascular disease risk factors.Our purpose was to assess the adherence and determine the health impact of a 100,000 steps/week(14,286 steps/day)goal in a somewhat-active(7500-9999 steps/day)to active(10,000-12,500 steps/day)population.Methods Thirty-two apparently healthy subjects,13 males(age 44±14 years)and 19 females(age 39±13 years)who had a baseline activity level between 7500 and 12,500 steps/day,were studied.Participants were assessed prior to and 16 weeks after completing a 100,000 steps/week intervention.Pre-and post-assessments of health included body composition,rest-ing blood pressure,blood lipid profile,fasting blood glucose,and a 3-min walk test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness.Results Fifty-three percent of participants adhered(≥90,000 steps/week)to the 100,000 steps/week physical activity program yet all participants increased their stepping by 23,303±11,480 steps/week.With increased stepping,significant improvements in body composition were observed.Improvements included reduced body mass index(pre:27.2±3.6 kg/m^(2);post:26.9±3.6 kg/m^(2);P=0.026),reduced total percent body fat(pre:35.7±9.9%;post:34.3±10.4%;P<0.001),and reduced waist circumference(pre:83.8±10.2 cm;post:81.5±10.0 cm;P=0.001).An unexpected increase was observed for low density lipoprotein cholesterol(pre:109.7±22.7 mg/dL;post:117.6±20.4 mg/dL;P<0.05).Conclusions Individuals who were previously somewhat-active or active can gain additional health benefits,particularly improvements in body composition,by increasing to 100,000 steps/week with the use of a pedometer.
文摘Mueller matrices were measured for natural （or reference） samples of human nails and samples irradiated by a 2 Gy ionizing radiation dose. The elements of the total Mueller matrix as a function of scattering angle were measured in backscattering mode at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. Several types of depolarizing Mueller matrix decompositions, namely, Ossikovsky, Williams, and Chipman, were calculated as a function of scattering angle for each nail sample. A comparative analysis of the sensitivity of the Mueller matrix decompositions in relation to the problem of emergency dose assessment in nails was performed.
基金This work was supported by BUPT Excellent Ph.D.Students Foun-dation(Grant CX2021317)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51972033,61905021,51802023 and 51802021)NSAF(Grant No.U1930403)and Beijing Youth Top-Notch Talent Sup-port Program.
文摘Characteristic construction is an important part of material data analysis.In the big data environment,the de-velopment of material data science will have implications for multidimensional data analysis methods.Among these,the machine learning method for multidimensional data models can be widely applied to material data types,including element ratios,atomic compositions,electronic arrangements,molecular structures,and energy distributions.For high-throughput computing materials,it is recommended in material data science to judge and extract the main characteristics influencing material properties and predict novel functional materials us-ing the discovered laws.Consequently,we considere the characteristic construction,learning prediction,feature extraction,and high-order analysis of computational materials as the main research purposes,and construct a composite analysis model of the material system by combining data preprocessing,data mining,data evaluation,and knowledge representation as the main steps of data analysis.This demonstrates that a method to comprehen-sively judge the properties of materials by constructing the characteristics of materials in different dimensions is essential.
文摘Dietary polyphenols,such as curcumin,green tea catechins,and pomegranate extract,may have the ability to enhance the effectiveness of long-term training programs by managing training-induced inflammation.Enhanced recovery may translate to increased capacity to train and perform more effectively.The dietary polyphenol curcumin has been reported to block the action of COX-2 and NF-kB signaling and would allow for increased capacity to train leading to heightened adaptations and the potential for ergogenic outcomes.These actions are very similar to the targeted actions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),but without the side-effects of NSAIDs.This review will compare and contrast the known effects of cur-cumin and identify common design elements between existing studies.Through this critical review of the existing literature it is our goal to establish a set of best practices that could be applied to an athletic population that is interested in using oral curcumin supplementation as a recovery agent.
