Today, most people know that physical activity(PA) is beneficial for their health ^(1,2)and aspire to engage in regular PA.^(3,4)However, despite their awareness of the importance of PA, it is evident that the transit...Today, most people know that physical activity(PA) is beneficial for their health ^(1,2)and aspire to engage in regular PA.^(3,4)However, despite their awareness of the importance of PA, it is evident that the transition from intention to action is challenging-a situation that has important public health implications. According to the World Health Organization,^(5)1 person dies every 6 s worldwide from causes related to physical inactivity, which underscores the urgency of addressing this situation.展开更多
Background There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.The purpose of the study was to investigate the interplay between...Background There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.The purpose of the study was to investigate the interplay between objectively measured PA volume and intensity profiles with modeled life expectancy in women and men within the UK Biobank cohort study and interpret findings in relation to brisk walking.Methods Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile.Mortality data were obtained from national registries.Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.Results 40,953(57.1%)women(median age=61.9 years)and 30,820(42.9%)men(63.1 years)were included.Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years,there were 1719(2.4%)deaths(733 in women;986 in men).At 60 years,life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles,reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity,corresponding to 3.4 additional years(95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.4-4.4)in women and 4.6 additional years(95%CI:3.6-5.6)in men compared to those at the 10th centiles.An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9(95%CI:0.5-1.3)and 1.4 years(95%CI:0.9-1.9)longer life expectancy,respectively,in inactive women;and 1.4 years(95%CI:1.0-1.8)and 2.5(95%CI:1.9-3.1)in inactive men.Conclusion Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy,with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life.Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.展开更多
Background Higher accelerometer-assessed volume and intensity of physical activity(PA)have been associated with a longer life expectancy but can be difficult to translate into recommended doses of PA.We aimed to:(a)im...Background Higher accelerometer-assessed volume and intensity of physical activity(PA)have been associated with a longer life expectancy but can be difficult to translate into recommended doses of PA.We aimed to:(a)improve interpretability by producing UK Biobank age-referenced centiles for PA volume and intensity;(b)inform public-health messaging by examining how adding recommended quantities of moderate and vigorous PA affect PA volume and intensity.Methods 92,480 UK Biobank participants aged 43-80 years with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.Average acceleration and intensity gradient were derived as proxies for PA volume and intensity.We generated sex-specific centile curves using Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape(GAMLSS)and modeled the effect of adding moderate(walking)or vigorous(running)activity on the combined change in the volume and intensity centiles(change in PA profile).Results In men,volume was lower as age increased while intensity was lower after age 55;in women,both volume and intensity were lower as age increased.Adding 150 min of moderate PA weekly(5×30 min walking)increased the PA profile by 4 percentage points.Defining moderate PA as brisk walking approximately doubled the increase(9 percentage points)while 75 min of vigorous PA weekly(5×15 min running)trebled the increase(13 percentage points).Conclusion These UK Biobank reference centiles provide a benchmark for interpretation of accelerometer data.Application of our translational methods demonstrate that meeting PA guidelines through shorter duration vigorous activity is more beneficial to the PA profile(volume and intensity)than longer duration moderate activity.展开更多
Background:A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity(PA)surveillance has been recommended.The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)is problema...Background:A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity(PA)surveillance has been recommended.The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)is problematic as these cut-points are often derived from non-representative samples under non-ecological laboratory conditions.This study aimed to develop age-and sex-(age-sex)specific cut-points for MVPA based on population-standardized values as a feasible approach to assess the adherence to PA guidelines and to investigate its associations with all-cause mortality.Methods:A total of 7601 participants(20-85+years)were drawn from the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(NHANES).Minutes per week of MVPA were assessed with a hip-worn accelerometer.Counts per minute(CPM)were used to define an age-sex specific target intensity,representing the intensity each person should be able to reach based on their age and sex.Age-sex specific MVPA cut-points were defined as any activity above 40%of the target intensity.These population-and free-living-based age-sex specific cut-points overcome many of the limitations of the standard generic cut-point approach.For comparison,we also calculated MVPA with a generic cut-point of 1952 CPM.Both approaches were compared for assessing adherence to PA guidelines and association of MVPA with allcause mortality(ascertained through December 2015).Results:Both approaches indicated that 37%of the sample met the 150+min/week guideline.The generic cut-point approach showed a trend to inactivity with age,which was less pronounced using the age-sex specific cut-points.Overall mortality rates were comparable using generic cutpoint(hazard ratio(HR)=0.61,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.50-0.73)or age-sex specific cut-points(HR=0.57,95%CI:0.50-0.66)for the entire sample.The generic cut-point method revealed an age-and sex-related gap in the benefits of achieving 150+min/week of MVPA,with older adults showing an 18%greater reduction in mortality rates than younger adults,and a larger difference in women than in men.This disparity disappeared when using age-sex specific cut-points.Conclusion:Our findings underscore the value of age-sex specific cut-points for global PA surveillance.MVPA defined with age-sex specific thresholds was associated with all-cause mortality and the dose-response was similar for all ages and sexes.This aligns with the single recommendation of accumulating 150+min/week MVPA for all adults,irrespective of age and sex.This study serves as a proof of concept to develop this methodology for PA surveillance over more advanced open-source acceleration metrics and other national and international cohorts.展开更多
Background:High adiposity and low physical activity are associated with cancer risk.Whether different amounts and intensities of physical activity can mitigate this association is unclear.We aimed to examine the indep...Background:High adiposity and low physical activity are associated with cancer risk.Whether different amounts and intensities of physical activity can mitigate this association is unclear.We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of adiposity and devicemeasured physical activity levels of different intensities with cancer incidence and mortality.Methods:This prospective cohort study included data from 70,747 UK Biobank participants(mean age=61.6±7.9 years,mean±SD;56.4%women)with wrist-worn accelerometer measurements of physical activity and without chronic diseases or mobility limitations.Physical activity exposures included min per week of light intensity physical activity(LPA),moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA),and vigorous intensity physical activity(VPA),along with total weekly volume.Body mass index(BMI)was calculated from anthropometric measurements.Participants were categorized into 9 groups based on joint tertiles of physical activity and BMI categories(normal weight,overweight,and obesity).Secondary analyses included adiposity using bio-impedance and waist circumference measurements.The outcome was incidence and death from cancer retrieved from national registries.Associations between adiposity,physical activity,and cancer hazard were calculated as subdistribution hazard ratios.A secondary analysis focused on cancer types strongly associated with physical activity.Results:We observed 2625 events(2572 non-fatal and 53 fatal)during a median follow-up of 6.1 years.Compared with the referent(normal weight and high physical activity),overweight and obesity were associated with a 6%to 36%higher cancer hazard across physical activity intensities.However,high MVPA and VPA(approximately 500 min and 32 min per week in the top tertiles,respectively)attenuated the hazard associated with overweight and obesity.Being normal weight was not associated with a higher cancer hazard regardless of physical activity level.The results were similar,although more pronounced,when modeling cancer types strongly associated with physical activity as the outcome.Conclusion:High MVPA and VPA levels may attenuate the association of overweight and obesity with cancer hazard,but maintaining a normal weight seems comparatively more important than physical activity to reduce the hazard.Maintaining a healthy body weight and engaging in physical activity is needed to minimize risk of some cancer types.展开更多
Background:While the relationship between sedentary time and adiposity markers may be independent of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA) among adolescents,little is known about the role of light-int...Background:While the relationship between sedentary time and adiposity markers may be independent of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA) among adolescents,little is known about the role of light-intensity physical activity(LIPA) in this relationship.The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether device-measured LIPA and MVPA moderate the associations between objectively measured sitting time and adiposity markers(body mass index(BMI)) and waist circumference(WC)) among adolescents.Methods:This study included accelerometer and inclinometer data obtained from 219 adolescents(age=14.9±1.6 years,mean± SD),collected during 2014 and 2015 in Melbourne,Australia.ActiGraph GT3 X accelerometers were used to determine time spent in total-LIPA(101 counts/min to 3.99 metabolic equivalents(METs)) was dichotomized into low-LIPA(101-799 counts/min) and high LIPA(800 counts/min to 3.99 METs),and MVPA(> 4 METs).The average time spent sitting was obtained from activPAL inclinometers.Anthropometric measures were assessed by trained staff.Interactions between sitting and total-LIPA,low-LIPA,high-LIPA,and MVPA on BMI z-score(zBMI) and WC z-score(zWC),respectively,were examined using linear regression,adjusting for age and sex;and moderation by total-LIPA,low-LIPA,high-LIPA,and MVPA were examined by adding interaction terms.Significant interaction effects were probed by comparing associations at the mean and at 1 SD below and above the mean.Results:Total-LIPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and zBMI,and low-LIPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and zBMI and zWC.No other associations were found for total-LIPA,high-LIPA,or MVPA.Specifically,at high levels of total-LIPA(+1 SD),there is a negative association between sitting time and zBMI.In addition,at high levels of low-LIPA(+1 SD),there is a negative association between sitting time and zBMI and zWC.Conclusion:Associations between sitting and adiposity depended on time spent in total-LIPA and low-LIPA,but not high-LIPA or MVPA.Results suggest that increasing time spent in LIP A may provide protection from the deleterious effects of sitting on adiposity markers among adolescents.Experimental evidence is needed to support these conclusions.展开更多
Although the observed progress in the cardiovascular disease treatment, the incidence of new and recurrent coronary artery disease remains elevated and constitutes the leading cause of death in the developed countries...Although the observed progress in the cardiovascular disease treatment, the incidence of new and recurrent coronary artery disease remains elevated and constitutes the leading cause of death in the developed countries. Three-quarters of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases could be prevented with adequate changes in lifestyle, including increased daily physical activity. New evidence confirms that there is an inverse dose-response relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. However, participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity may not fully attenuate the independent effect of sedentary activities on increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity also plays an important role in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases by reducing the impact of the disease, slowing its progress and preventing recurrence. Nonetheless, most of eligible cardiovascular patients still do not benefit from secondary prevention/cardiac rehabilitation programs. The present review draws attention to the importance of physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It also addresses the mechanisms by which physical activity and regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health and reduce the burden of the disease.展开更多
Objective:This study sought to analyze the prospective association between vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)and health-related outcomes in children and adolescents.Methods:Studies reporting associations betwee...Objective:This study sought to analyze the prospective association between vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)and health-related outcomes in children and adolescents.Methods:Studies reporting associations between device-measured VPA and health-related factors in children and adolescents aged 318 years were identified through database searches(MEDLINE,EMBASE,and SPORTDiscus).Correlation coefficients were pooled if outcomes were reported by at least 3 studies,using DerSimonian-Laird random effects models.Results:Data from 23 studies including 13,674 participants were pooled using random effects models.Significant associations were found between VPA at baseline and overall adiposity(r=0.09,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.15 to0.03;p=0.002;I^(2)=89.8%),cardiometabolic risk score(r=0.13,95%CI:0.24 to0.02,p=0.020;I^(2)=69.6%),cardiorespiratory fitness(r=0.25,95%CI:0.150.35;p<0.001;I^(2)=57.2%),and total body bone mineral density(r=0.16,95%CI:0.06 to 0.25;p=0.001;I^(2)=0%).Conclusion:VPA seems to be negatively related to adiposity and cardiometabolic risk score and positively related to cardiorespiratory fitness and total body bone mineral density among children and adolescents at follow-up.Therefore,our findings support the need to strengthen physical activity recommendations regarding VPA due to its health benefits in children and adolescents.展开更多
Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior.How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different ty...Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior.How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different typologies is not known.This study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children and adolescents with different baseline typologies of activity-related behavior.Methods:In this longitudinal study(3 annual time points) of children(n=600,age=9.2±0.4 years(mean±SD),50.3% girls) and adolescents(n=1037,age=13.6±1.7 years,48.4% girls),participants were recruited in Spain in 2011-2012.Latent class analyses identified typologies based on self-reported screen,educational,social and relaxing sedentary behaviors,active travel,muscle strengthening activity,and sport at baseline.Within each typology,linear mixed growth models explored longitudinal changes in accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time,as well as time by class interactions.Results:Three typologies were identified among children( "social screenies",12.8%;"exercisers",61.5%;and "non-sporty active commuters",25.7%) and among adolescents "active screenies",43.5%;"active academics",35.0%;and "non-sporty active commuters",21.5%) at baseline.Sedentary time increased within each typology among children and adolescents,with no significant differences between typologies.No changes in physical activity were found in any typology among children.In adolescents,physical activity declined within all typologies,with "non-sporty active commuters" declining significantly more than "active screenies" over 3 years.Conclusion:These results support the need for interveation to promote physical activity and prevent increases in sedentary time during childhood and adolescence.Adolescents characterized as "non-sporty active commuters" may require specific interventions to maintain their physical activity over time.展开更多
Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investi...Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.展开更多
Background:Physical inactivity and insomnia symptoms are independently associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety;however,few studies jointly examine these risk factors.This study aimed to prospectively ...Background:Physical inactivity and insomnia symptoms are independently associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety;however,few studies jointly examine these risk factors.This study aimed to prospectively examine the joint association of physical activity(PA)and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in adults.Methods:Participants from the 2013 to 2018 annnual waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel study who had good mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5>54)in 2013,and who completed at least 1 follow-up survey(2014-2018),were included(n=10,977).Poor mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5≤54)was assessed annually.Baseline(2013)PA was classified as high/moderate/low,and insomnia symptoms(i.e.,trouble sleeping)were classified as no insomnia symptoms/insomnia symptoms,with 6 mutually exclusive PAinsomnia symptom groups derived.Associations of PA-insomnia symptom groups with onset of poor mental health were examined using discrete-time proportional-hazards logit-hazard models.Results:There were 2322 new cases of poor mental health(21.2%).Relative to the high PA/no insomnia symptoms group,there were higher odds(odds ratio and 95%confidence interval(95%CI))of poor mental health among the high PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.57-2.23),moderate PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.61-2.31),low PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=2.33,95%CI:1.96-2.78),and low PA/no insomnia symptoms(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.01-1.29)groups.Any level of PA combined with insomnia symptoms was associated with increased odds of poor mental health,with the odds increasing as PA decreased.Conclusion:The se findings highlight the potential benefit of interventions targeting both PA and insomnia symptoms for promoting mental health.展开更多
Purpose:This study aimed to examine the usage,acceptability,usability,perceived usefulness,and satisfaction of a web-based video-tailored physical activity(PA)intervention(TaylorActive)in adults.Methods:In 2013-2014,5...Purpose:This study aimed to examine the usage,acceptability,usability,perceived usefulness,and satisfaction of a web-based video-tailored physical activity(PA)intervention(TaylorActive)in adults.Methods:In 2013-2014,501 Australian adults aged 18+years were randomized into a video-tailored intervention,text-tailored intervention,or control group.Over 3 months,the intervention groups received access to 8 sessions of personally tailored PA advice delivered via the TaylorActive website.Only the delivery method differed between the intervention groups:video-tailored vs.text-tailored.Google Analytics and telephone surveys conducted at post intervention(3 months)were used to assess intervention usage,acceptability,usability,perceived usefulness,and satisfaction.Quantitative and qualitative process data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.Results:Of 501 recruited adults,259 completed the 3-month post-intervention survey(52%retention).Overall,usage of the TaylorActive website with respect to number of website visits,intervention sessions,and action plans completed was modest in both the video-tailored(7.6士7.2 visits,mean±SD)and text-tailored(7.3±5.4 visits)groups with no significant between-group differences.The majority of participants in all groups used the TaylorActive website less than once in 2 weeks(66.7%video-tailored,62.7%text-tailored,87.5%control;p<0.001).Acceptability was rated mostly high in all groups and in some instances,significantly higher in the intervention groups compared to the control group(p<0.010).Usability was also rated high;mean Systems Usability Scores were 77.3(video-tailored),75.7(text-tailored),and 74.1(control)with no significant between-group differences.Perceived usefulness of the TaylorActive intervention was low,though mostly rated higher in the intervention groups compared to the control group(p<0.010).Satisfaction with the TaylorActive website was mixed.Participants in both intervention groups liked its ease of use,personalized feedback,and tracking of progress,but also found completing action plans and survey questions for each session repetitive and tedious.Conclusion:Providing personally tailored PA advice on its own(through either video or text)is likely insufficient to ensure good retention,usage,perceived usefulness,and satisfaction with a web-based PA intervention.Strategies to address this may include the incorporation of additional intervention components such as activity trackers,social interactions,gamification,as well as the use of advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to allow more personalized dialogue with participants.展开更多
Background:One-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Physical activity(PA)has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response.This ...Background:One-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Physical activity(PA)has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response.This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.Methods:Thirty-one adults without diabetes(age 25.9±6.6 years;body mass index 23.8±3.8 kg/m^2;mean±SD)were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity:low activity<30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity(n=11),moderately active≥30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA(n=10),and very active≥60 min/day of PA at high intensity(n=10).Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test(50 g glucose)with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline,15 min,30 min,45 min,60 min,90 min,and 120 min post-ingestion.Results:There were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin(p>0.05).The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level(p=0.003)and,marginally,for gender(p=0.053)and BMI(p=0.050).There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results(p=0.029),with differences between very active and low activity groups(p=0.008)but not between the moderately active and low activity groups(p=0.360),even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for.For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for(p=0.401).Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group(p=0.012).Conclusion:The results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.展开更多
Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has undoubtedly disrupted the physical activity(PA)of the Thai population.This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on moderate-to-vigorous PA(MV...Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has undoubtedly disrupted the physical activity(PA)of the Thai population.This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)of Thai adults and assessed the effects of the national curfew policy and health-promotion campaigns on influencing PA during the pandemic.Methods:Thailand’s Surveillance on Physical Activity(SPA)2019 and 2020 datasets were employed to compare the PA level of Thai adults aged 1864 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Samples of 4460 respondents from SPA 2019 and 4482 respondents from SPA 2020 were included in the analysis.Global Physical Activity Questionnaires(Version 2.0),were used to measure PA in both periods.Sufficient MVPA for adults was defined based on the recommendation of 75 min of vigorous PA or a combination of 150 min of MVPA per week.Results:The proportion of Thai adults who had sufficient MVPA declined from 74.6%before the pandemic to 54.7%during the pandemic,and that decline was accompanied by a reduction in the cumulative minutes of MVPA from 580 min to 420 min.During the COVID-19 pandemic,male and middle-aged individuals were 1.3 times and 1.2 times more likely to have sufficient MVPA,respectively.Those who were unemployed,resided in an urban area,and/or had chronic disease(s)were 27%,13%,and 27%less likely to meet the recommended level of PA during the pandemic,respectively.Those who were exposed to the Fit from Home campaign were 1.5 times more likely to have sufficient MVPA.Conclusion:The pandemic measures imposed by the government have reduced the cumulative min of work-related PA,transportation PA,and recreational PA and have slowed Thailand’s progress toward its PA goals.Although the Fit from Home campaign has probably contributed to a slight increase in MVPA,it will take some time for Thais to return to the pre-COVID-19 level of PA.Health promotion messages need to be continuously delivered to reduce irrational fear of infection and to boost the PA level of the Thai population as a health-promoting intervention.展开更多
SCT （social cognitive theory） provides a useful framework to explain why people acquire and maintain PA （physical activity） behaviors among adolescents. This study aimed to adapt modernized Australian social cogni...SCT （social cognitive theory） provides a useful framework to explain why people acquire and maintain PA （physical activity） behaviors among adolescents. This study aimed to adapt modernized Australian social cognitive scales of PA to the Portuguese language and evaluate their factorial and convergent validity and reliability. The adapted scales were tested in an adolescent sample from low-income communities in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil （n = 173; 56.1% male）. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine model-fit for each scale. The scales were assessed against self-report measures of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for convergent validity. Reliability properties （ICC （lntra class confidence） and Cronbach＇s Alpha） were also determined. Each social cognitive scale represented a statistically sound measure： fit indices indicated each model to be adequate-to-exact fit to the data; significant correlations between most scales and either light, moderate or vigorous intensity PA behavior demonstrated good convergent validity; internal consistency was acceptable-to-good （α = 0.51-0.80）; rank order repeatability was acceptable-to-strong （ICC = 0.62-0.92）. Adapted social cognitive scales for physical activity for use among adolescents in the Brazilian context showed acceptable reliability and validity properties and may be useful to identify potential social cognitive correlates of PA, mediators of PA behavior change and the testing of theoretical models of SCT.展开更多
1.No global progress on youth physical activity prevalenceTagedEnd TagedPDespite hundreds of intervention studies over decennia that have been dedicated to developing and testing programs and strategies to promote phy...1.No global progress on youth physical activity prevalenceTagedEnd TagedPDespite hundreds of intervention studies over decennia that have been dedicated to developing and testing programs and strategies to promote physical activity(PA)in adolescents,14 global inactivity levels remain persistently high.Based on self-report data from 1.6 million schoolgoing adolescents from 146 countries,Guthold et al.5 confirmed previous urgent calls to get adolescents more active.Researchers from the World Health Organization(WHO)recently published global prevalence rates and the first ever global time trends for insufficient PA in youth.They reported that more than 80%of school-going adolescents globally did not meet the current recommendations of at least 1 h of PA per day.展开更多
Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on ...Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult rats.Methods: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and HIIT.Biometric indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA interventions.Results: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group(p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group(both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral(p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT)and epididymal fat(p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL group.Conclusion: LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation,mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.展开更多
Objective: We sought to investigate the longitudinal associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents.Methods: A total of 635 adolescents(2...Objective: We sought to investigate the longitudinal associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents.Methods: A total of 635 adolescents(283 boys, 352 girls) aged 11-13 years participated in the study. MVPA was assessed by the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study questionnaire, and pubertal development was assessed by the Pubertal Development Scale at beginning of the 6 th grade(baseline) and end of the 7 th grade(follow-up). Grade point average(GPA) at the end of Grades 5 and 7 was computed from data acquired from the school registers. The data were analyzed using linear regression and analyses of covariance.Results: In boys, MVPA was positively associated with GPA at baseline after adjustment for age(b = 0.144, 95% confidence interval(CI):0.028-0.260, p = 0.028). In girls, the Pubertal Development Scale was positively associated with GPA at baseline(b = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.004 to0.211, p = 0.058) and follow-up(b = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.002 to 0.211, p = 0.055) after adjustment for age, and these associations strengthened after further adjustment for MVPA(p < 0.05). Adolescents who were inactive at baseline or at baseline and follow-up had lower GPA during followup than their continuously highly active peers(mean difference = -0.301, 95%CI: -0.543 to -0.058, p = 0.009) and all other adolescents(mean difference = -0.247, 95%CI: -0.475 to -0.019, p = 0.029). These differences were greater in girls than in boys.Conclusion: Lower levels of MVPA were associated with lower GPA in boys at baseline. Girls who were continuously inactive had lower GPA over the follow-up period than those who were continuously active. Finally, earlier pubertal development was associated with better academic achievement in girls.展开更多
In most countries around the globe,adolescent girls are less physically active than boys.However,the majority of studies have been conducted in high-income countries,while there is less evidence from low-and middle-in...In most countries around the globe,adolescent girls are less physically active than boys.However,the majority of studies have been conducted in high-income countries,while there is less evidence from low-and middle-income countries.1 The reasons for this gender difference in physical activity(PA)participation are poorly understood.A recently published article by Ricardo et al.2 on gender inequalities in adolescent PA from 64 global south countries seeks to close this knowledge gap.展开更多
Purpose: This study aims to compare adolescents' cardiometabolic risk score through an integrative classification of physical activity(PA),which involves the combination of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(M...Purpose: This study aims to compare adolescents' cardiometabolic risk score through an integrative classification of physical activity(PA),which involves the combination of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and sedentary behavior(SB).Methods: A cross-sectional study derived from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study database(2006-2008) was conducted in adolescents(n = 548; boys, 47.3%; 14.7 ± 1.2 years) from 10 European cities. MVPA and SB were objectively measured using accelerometry. Adolescents were divided into 4 categories according to MVPA(meeting or not meeting the international recommendations) and the median of SB time(above or below sex-and age-specific median) as follows: High-SB & Inactive, Low-SB & Inactive,High-SB & Active, and Low-SB & Active. A clustered cardiometabolic risk score was computed using the homeostatic model assessment, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sum 4 skinfolds, and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF).Analyses of covariance were performed to discern differences on cardiometabolic risk scores among PA categories and each health component.Results: The cardiometabolic risk score was lower in adolescents meeting the MVPA recommendation and with less time spent in SB in comparison to the high-SB & Inactive group(p < 0.05). However, no difference in cardiometabolic risk score was established between High-SB or Low-SB groups in inactive adolescents. It is important to note that CRF was the only variable that showed a significant modification(higher)when children were compared from the category of physically inactive with "active" but not from high-to low-SB.Conclusion: Being physically active is the most significant and protective outcome in adolescents to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Lower SB does not exhibit a significant and extra beneficial difference.展开更多
基金supported by The Shenzhen Educational Research Funding(zdzb2014)The Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(202307313000096)+4 种基金The Social Science Foundation from the China's Ministry of Education(23YJA880093)The Post-Doctoral Fellowship(2022M711174)The National Center for Mental Health(Z014)BC is supported by the Chaires de recherche Rennes Métropole(23C 0909)SM is supported by the National Insti-tutes of Health(R01AG72445).
文摘Today, most people know that physical activity(PA) is beneficial for their health ^(1,2)and aspire to engage in regular PA.^(3,4)However, despite their awareness of the importance of PA, it is evident that the transition from intention to action is challenging-a situation that has important public health implications. According to the World Health Organization,^(5)1 person dies every 6 s worldwide from causes related to physical inactivity, which underscores the urgency of addressing this situation.
基金funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)the Applied Research Collaborations East Midlands (ARC-EM)supported by a UKRI project grant (MR/T031816/1)。
文摘Background There is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy.The purpose of the study was to investigate the interplay between objectively measured PA volume and intensity profiles with modeled life expectancy in women and men within the UK Biobank cohort study and interpret findings in relation to brisk walking.Methods Individuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile.Mortality data were obtained from national registries.Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models.Results 40,953(57.1%)women(median age=61.9 years)and 30,820(42.9%)men(63.1 years)were included.Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years,there were 1719(2.4%)deaths(733 in women;986 in men).At 60 years,life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles,reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity,corresponding to 3.4 additional years(95%confidence interval(95%CI):2.4-4.4)in women and 4.6 additional years(95%CI:3.6-5.6)in men compared to those at the 10th centiles.An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9(95%CI:0.5-1.3)and 1.4 years(95%CI:0.9-1.9)longer life expectancy,respectively,in inactive women;and 1.4 years(95%CI:1.0-1.8)and 2.5(95%CI:1.9-3.1)in inactive men.Conclusion Higher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy,with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life.Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.
基金supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands (ARC EM, (IS-BRC-1215-20010))funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre (IS-BRC-1215-20011)supported by a UKRI research grant (EP/X042464/1)。
文摘Background Higher accelerometer-assessed volume and intensity of physical activity(PA)have been associated with a longer life expectancy but can be difficult to translate into recommended doses of PA.We aimed to:(a)improve interpretability by producing UK Biobank age-referenced centiles for PA volume and intensity;(b)inform public-health messaging by examining how adding recommended quantities of moderate and vigorous PA affect PA volume and intensity.Methods 92,480 UK Biobank participants aged 43-80 years with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included.Average acceleration and intensity gradient were derived as proxies for PA volume and intensity.We generated sex-specific centile curves using Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape(GAMLSS)and modeled the effect of adding moderate(walking)or vigorous(running)activity on the combined change in the volume and intensity centiles(change in PA profile).Results In men,volume was lower as age increased while intensity was lower after age 55;in women,both volume and intensity were lower as age increased.Adding 150 min of moderate PA weekly(5×30 min walking)increased the PA profile by 4 percentage points.Defining moderate PA as brisk walking approximately doubled the increase(9 percentage points)while 75 min of vigorous PA weekly(5×15 min running)trebled the increase(13 percentage points).Conclusion These UK Biobank reference centiles provide a benchmark for interpretation of accelerometer data.Application of our translational methods demonstrate that meeting PA guidelines through shorter duration vigorous activity is more beneficial to the PA profile(volume and intensity)than longer duration moderate activity.
基金supported in part by the intramural research programs at the National Institute on Aging and National Cancer Institute(USA)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities under Beatriz Galindo's 2022 fellowship program(BG22/00075).
文摘Background:A shift from self-reports to wearable sensors for global physical activity(PA)surveillance has been recommended.The conventional use of a generic cut-point to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)is problematic as these cut-points are often derived from non-representative samples under non-ecological laboratory conditions.This study aimed to develop age-and sex-(age-sex)specific cut-points for MVPA based on population-standardized values as a feasible approach to assess the adherence to PA guidelines and to investigate its associations with all-cause mortality.Methods:A total of 7601 participants(20-85+years)were drawn from the 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(NHANES).Minutes per week of MVPA were assessed with a hip-worn accelerometer.Counts per minute(CPM)were used to define an age-sex specific target intensity,representing the intensity each person should be able to reach based on their age and sex.Age-sex specific MVPA cut-points were defined as any activity above 40%of the target intensity.These population-and free-living-based age-sex specific cut-points overcome many of the limitations of the standard generic cut-point approach.For comparison,we also calculated MVPA with a generic cut-point of 1952 CPM.Both approaches were compared for assessing adherence to PA guidelines and association of MVPA with allcause mortality(ascertained through December 2015).Results:Both approaches indicated that 37%of the sample met the 150+min/week guideline.The generic cut-point approach showed a trend to inactivity with age,which was less pronounced using the age-sex specific cut-points.Overall mortality rates were comparable using generic cutpoint(hazard ratio(HR)=0.61,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.50-0.73)or age-sex specific cut-points(HR=0.57,95%CI:0.50-0.66)for the entire sample.The generic cut-point method revealed an age-and sex-related gap in the benefits of achieving 150+min/week of MVPA,with older adults showing an 18%greater reduction in mortality rates than younger adults,and a larger difference in women than in men.This disparity disappeared when using age-sex specific cut-points.Conclusion:Our findings underscore the value of age-sex specific cut-points for global PA surveillance.MVPA defined with age-sex specific thresholds was associated with all-cause mortality and the dose-response was similar for all ages and sexes.This aligns with the single recommendation of accumulating 150+min/week MVPA for all adults,irrespective of age and sex.This study serves as a proof of concept to develop this methodology for PA surveillance over more advanced open-source acceleration metrics and other national and international cohorts.
基金funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities under application 33.50.460A.752by the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR through a Margarita Salas contract of the University of Vigosupported by the Government of Andalusia, Research Talent Recruitment Programme (EMERGIA 2020/00158)。
文摘Background:High adiposity and low physical activity are associated with cancer risk.Whether different amounts and intensities of physical activity can mitigate this association is unclear.We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of adiposity and devicemeasured physical activity levels of different intensities with cancer incidence and mortality.Methods:This prospective cohort study included data from 70,747 UK Biobank participants(mean age=61.6±7.9 years,mean±SD;56.4%women)with wrist-worn accelerometer measurements of physical activity and without chronic diseases or mobility limitations.Physical activity exposures included min per week of light intensity physical activity(LPA),moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA),and vigorous intensity physical activity(VPA),along with total weekly volume.Body mass index(BMI)was calculated from anthropometric measurements.Participants were categorized into 9 groups based on joint tertiles of physical activity and BMI categories(normal weight,overweight,and obesity).Secondary analyses included adiposity using bio-impedance and waist circumference measurements.The outcome was incidence and death from cancer retrieved from national registries.Associations between adiposity,physical activity,and cancer hazard were calculated as subdistribution hazard ratios.A secondary analysis focused on cancer types strongly associated with physical activity.Results:We observed 2625 events(2572 non-fatal and 53 fatal)during a median follow-up of 6.1 years.Compared with the referent(normal weight and high physical activity),overweight and obesity were associated with a 6%to 36%higher cancer hazard across physical activity intensities.However,high MVPA and VPA(approximately 500 min and 32 min per week in the top tertiles,respectively)attenuated the hazard associated with overweight and obesity.Being normal weight was not associated with a higher cancer hazard regardless of physical activity level.The results were similar,although more pronounced,when modeling cancer types strongly associated with physical activity as the outcome.Conclusion:High MVPA and VPA levels may attenuate the association of overweight and obesity with cancer hazard,but maintaining a normal weight seems comparatively more important than physical activity to reduce the hazard.Maintaining a healthy body weight and engaging in physical activity is needed to minimize risk of some cancer types.
基金funded by the National Institutes for Health (NIH) (R01 HL 111378)AMCA is supported by a Deakin University Postgraduate Research Scholarship (DUPRS)+5 种基金JS was supported by a NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship (APP1026216) during this researchDWD is supported by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (APP1078360)the Victorian Government’s Operational Infrastructure Support ProgramLA is supported by an Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowshipsupported by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship (Award ID 100046) during this researchJS,DWD,and AT received funding support from an NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence Grant (APP1057608)。
文摘Background:While the relationship between sedentary time and adiposity markers may be independent of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity(MVPA) among adolescents,little is known about the role of light-intensity physical activity(LIPA) in this relationship.The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether device-measured LIPA and MVPA moderate the associations between objectively measured sitting time and adiposity markers(body mass index(BMI)) and waist circumference(WC)) among adolescents.Methods:This study included accelerometer and inclinometer data obtained from 219 adolescents(age=14.9±1.6 years,mean± SD),collected during 2014 and 2015 in Melbourne,Australia.ActiGraph GT3 X accelerometers were used to determine time spent in total-LIPA(101 counts/min to 3.99 metabolic equivalents(METs)) was dichotomized into low-LIPA(101-799 counts/min) and high LIPA(800 counts/min to 3.99 METs),and MVPA(> 4 METs).The average time spent sitting was obtained from activPAL inclinometers.Anthropometric measures were assessed by trained staff.Interactions between sitting and total-LIPA,low-LIPA,high-LIPA,and MVPA on BMI z-score(zBMI) and WC z-score(zWC),respectively,were examined using linear regression,adjusting for age and sex;and moderation by total-LIPA,low-LIPA,high-LIPA,and MVPA were examined by adding interaction terms.Significant interaction effects were probed by comparing associations at the mean and at 1 SD below and above the mean.Results:Total-LIPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and zBMI,and low-LIPA significantly moderated the association between sitting time and zBMI and zWC.No other associations were found for total-LIPA,high-LIPA,or MVPA.Specifically,at high levels of total-LIPA(+1 SD),there is a negative association between sitting time and zBMI.In addition,at high levels of low-LIPA(+1 SD),there is a negative association between sitting time and zBMI and zWC.Conclusion:Associations between sitting and adiposity depended on time spent in total-LIPA and low-LIPA,but not high-LIPA or MVPA.Results suggest that increasing time spent in LIP A may provide protection from the deleterious effects of sitting on adiposity markers among adolescents.Experimental evidence is needed to support these conclusions.
基金supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology,(UID/DTP/04045/2013)by the European Regional Develop-ment Fund,through COMPETE 2020(POCI--01--0145-FEDER--006969)+4 种基金funded by the European Regional Development Fund,through NORTE 2020(NORTE--01--0145--FEDER--000016)The European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Competitiveness Programthe Foun-dation for Science and Technology(FCT)of Portugal support the research unit CIAFEL within the projects FCOMP--01--0124--FEDER--020180(References FCT:PTDC/DES/122763/2010)and UID/DTP/00617/2013supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(REF:UID/BIM/04501/2013)FEDER/Compete2020 funds
文摘Although the observed progress in the cardiovascular disease treatment, the incidence of new and recurrent coronary artery disease remains elevated and constitutes the leading cause of death in the developed countries. Three-quarters of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases could be prevented with adequate changes in lifestyle, including increased daily physical activity. New evidence confirms that there is an inverse dose-response relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. However, participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity may not fully attenuate the independent effect of sedentary activities on increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity also plays an important role in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases by reducing the impact of the disease, slowing its progress and preventing recurrence. Nonetheless, most of eligible cardiovascular patients still do not benefit from secondary prevention/cardiac rehabilitation programs. The present review draws attention to the importance of physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It also addresses the mechanisms by which physical activity and regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health and reduce the burden of the disease.
文摘Objective:This study sought to analyze the prospective association between vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)and health-related outcomes in children and adolescents.Methods:Studies reporting associations between device-measured VPA and health-related factors in children and adolescents aged 318 years were identified through database searches(MEDLINE,EMBASE,and SPORTDiscus).Correlation coefficients were pooled if outcomes were reported by at least 3 studies,using DerSimonian-Laird random effects models.Results:Data from 23 studies including 13,674 participants were pooled using random effects models.Significant associations were found between VPA at baseline and overall adiposity(r=0.09,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.15 to0.03;p=0.002;I^(2)=89.8%),cardiometabolic risk score(r=0.13,95%CI:0.24 to0.02,p=0.020;I^(2)=69.6%),cardiorespiratory fitness(r=0.25,95%CI:0.150.35;p<0.001;I^(2)=57.2%),and total body bone mineral density(r=0.16,95%CI:0.06 to 0.25;p=0.001;I^(2)=0%).Conclusion:VPA seems to be negatively related to adiposity and cardiometabolic risk score and positively related to cardiorespiratory fitness and total body bone mineral density among children and adolescents at follow-up.Therefore,our findings support the need to strengthen physical activity recommendations regarding VPA due to its health benefits in children and adolescents.
基金supported by the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (RDi) Ministry of Science and Innovation (DEP 2010-21662-C04-00)awarded a "Juan de la Cierva" postdoctoral fellowship (FJCI-2015-25867) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy,Industry,and Competitiveness+1 种基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RTI2018-095284-J-100)the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-027287-I)
文摘Background:Children and adolescents can be distinguished by different typologies(clusters) of physical activity and sedentary behavior.How physical activity and sedentary behaviors change over time within different typologies is not known.This study examined longitudinal changes in physical activity and sedentary time among children and adolescents with different baseline typologies of activity-related behavior.Methods:In this longitudinal study(3 annual time points) of children(n=600,age=9.2±0.4 years(mean±SD),50.3% girls) and adolescents(n=1037,age=13.6±1.7 years,48.4% girls),participants were recruited in Spain in 2011-2012.Latent class analyses identified typologies based on self-reported screen,educational,social and relaxing sedentary behaviors,active travel,muscle strengthening activity,and sport at baseline.Within each typology,linear mixed growth models explored longitudinal changes in accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time,as well as time by class interactions.Results:Three typologies were identified among children( "social screenies",12.8%;"exercisers",61.5%;and "non-sporty active commuters",25.7%) and among adolescents "active screenies",43.5%;"active academics",35.0%;and "non-sporty active commuters",21.5%) at baseline.Sedentary time increased within each typology among children and adolescents,with no significant differences between typologies.No changes in physical activity were found in any typology among children.In adolescents,physical activity declined within all typologies,with "non-sporty active commuters" declining significantly more than "active screenies" over 3 years.Conclusion:These results support the need for interveation to promote physical activity and prevent increases in sedentary time during childhood and adolescence.Adolescents characterized as "non-sporty active commuters" may require specific interventions to maintain their physical activity over time.
文摘Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.
基金supported by a Career Development Fellowship(APP1141606)from the National Health and Medical Research Council,Australia。
文摘Background:Physical inactivity and insomnia symptoms are independently associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety;however,few studies jointly examine these risk factors.This study aimed to prospectively examine the joint association of physical activity(PA)and insomnia symptoms with onset of poor mental health in adults.Methods:Participants from the 2013 to 2018 annnual waves of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel study who had good mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5>54)in 2013,and who completed at least 1 follow-up survey(2014-2018),were included(n=10,977).Poor mental health(Mental Health Inventory-5≤54)was assessed annually.Baseline(2013)PA was classified as high/moderate/low,and insomnia symptoms(i.e.,trouble sleeping)were classified as no insomnia symptoms/insomnia symptoms,with 6 mutually exclusive PAinsomnia symptom groups derived.Associations of PA-insomnia symptom groups with onset of poor mental health were examined using discrete-time proportional-hazards logit-hazard models.Results:There were 2322 new cases of poor mental health(21.2%).Relative to the high PA/no insomnia symptoms group,there were higher odds(odds ratio and 95%confidence interval(95%CI))of poor mental health among the high PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.57-2.23),moderate PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=1.93,95%CI:1.61-2.31),low PA/insomnia symptoms(OR=2.33,95%CI:1.96-2.78),and low PA/no insomnia symptoms(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.01-1.29)groups.Any level of PA combined with insomnia symptoms was associated with increased odds of poor mental health,with the odds increasing as PA decreased.Conclusion:The se findings highlight the potential benefit of interventions targeting both PA and insomnia symptoms for promoting mental health.
基金funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council(1049369).CV(100427),MJD(100029),and SS(101240)were,and SA(102609)is currentlysupported by a research fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia.CES(1090517),RCP(1100138),and AR(1105926)were,and MJD(1141606)and SS(1125586)are currentlysupported by a research fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council。
文摘Purpose:This study aimed to examine the usage,acceptability,usability,perceived usefulness,and satisfaction of a web-based video-tailored physical activity(PA)intervention(TaylorActive)in adults.Methods:In 2013-2014,501 Australian adults aged 18+years were randomized into a video-tailored intervention,text-tailored intervention,or control group.Over 3 months,the intervention groups received access to 8 sessions of personally tailored PA advice delivered via the TaylorActive website.Only the delivery method differed between the intervention groups:video-tailored vs.text-tailored.Google Analytics and telephone surveys conducted at post intervention(3 months)were used to assess intervention usage,acceptability,usability,perceived usefulness,and satisfaction.Quantitative and qualitative process data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.Results:Of 501 recruited adults,259 completed the 3-month post-intervention survey(52%retention).Overall,usage of the TaylorActive website with respect to number of website visits,intervention sessions,and action plans completed was modest in both the video-tailored(7.6士7.2 visits,mean±SD)and text-tailored(7.3±5.4 visits)groups with no significant between-group differences.The majority of participants in all groups used the TaylorActive website less than once in 2 weeks(66.7%video-tailored,62.7%text-tailored,87.5%control;p<0.001).Acceptability was rated mostly high in all groups and in some instances,significantly higher in the intervention groups compared to the control group(p<0.010).Usability was also rated high;mean Systems Usability Scores were 77.3(video-tailored),75.7(text-tailored),and 74.1(control)with no significant between-group differences.Perceived usefulness of the TaylorActive intervention was low,though mostly rated higher in the intervention groups compared to the control group(p<0.010).Satisfaction with the TaylorActive website was mixed.Participants in both intervention groups liked its ease of use,personalized feedback,and tracking of progress,but also found completing action plans and survey questions for each session repetitive and tedious.Conclusion:Providing personally tailored PA advice on its own(through either video or text)is likely insufficient to ensure good retention,usage,perceived usefulness,and satisfaction with a web-based PA intervention.Strategies to address this may include the incorporation of additional intervention components such as activity trackers,social interactions,gamification,as well as the use of advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to allow more personalized dialogue with participants.
文摘Background:One-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Physical activity(PA)has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response.This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.Methods:Thirty-one adults without diabetes(age 25.9±6.6 years;body mass index 23.8±3.8 kg/m^2;mean±SD)were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity:low activity<30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity(n=11),moderately active≥30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA(n=10),and very active≥60 min/day of PA at high intensity(n=10).Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test(50 g glucose)with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline,15 min,30 min,45 min,60 min,90 min,and 120 min post-ingestion.Results:There were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin(p>0.05).The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level(p=0.003)and,marginally,for gender(p=0.053)and BMI(p=0.050).There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results(p=0.029),with differences between very active and low activity groups(p=0.008)but not between the moderately active and low activity groups(p=0.360),even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for.For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for(p=0.401).Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group(p=0.012).Conclusion:The results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.
文摘Background:The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has undoubtedly disrupted the physical activity(PA)of the Thai population.This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)of Thai adults and assessed the effects of the national curfew policy and health-promotion campaigns on influencing PA during the pandemic.Methods:Thailand’s Surveillance on Physical Activity(SPA)2019 and 2020 datasets were employed to compare the PA level of Thai adults aged 1864 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Samples of 4460 respondents from SPA 2019 and 4482 respondents from SPA 2020 were included in the analysis.Global Physical Activity Questionnaires(Version 2.0),were used to measure PA in both periods.Sufficient MVPA for adults was defined based on the recommendation of 75 min of vigorous PA or a combination of 150 min of MVPA per week.Results:The proportion of Thai adults who had sufficient MVPA declined from 74.6%before the pandemic to 54.7%during the pandemic,and that decline was accompanied by a reduction in the cumulative minutes of MVPA from 580 min to 420 min.During the COVID-19 pandemic,male and middle-aged individuals were 1.3 times and 1.2 times more likely to have sufficient MVPA,respectively.Those who were unemployed,resided in an urban area,and/or had chronic disease(s)were 27%,13%,and 27%less likely to meet the recommended level of PA during the pandemic,respectively.Those who were exposed to the Fit from Home campaign were 1.5 times more likely to have sufficient MVPA.Conclusion:The pandemic measures imposed by the government have reduced the cumulative min of work-related PA,transportation PA,and recreational PA and have slowed Thailand’s progress toward its PA goals.Although the Fit from Home campaign has probably contributed to a slight increase in MVPA,it will take some time for Thais to return to the pre-COVID-19 level of PA.Health promotion messages need to be continuously delivered to reduce irrational fear of infection and to boost the PA level of the Thai population as a health-promoting intervention.
文摘SCT （social cognitive theory） provides a useful framework to explain why people acquire and maintain PA （physical activity） behaviors among adolescents. This study aimed to adapt modernized Australian social cognitive scales of PA to the Portuguese language and evaluate their factorial and convergent validity and reliability. The adapted scales were tested in an adolescent sample from low-income communities in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil （n = 173; 56.1% male）. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine model-fit for each scale. The scales were assessed against self-report measures of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for convergent validity. Reliability properties （ICC （lntra class confidence） and Cronbach＇s Alpha） were also determined. Each social cognitive scale represented a statistically sound measure： fit indices indicated each model to be adequate-to-exact fit to the data; significant correlations between most scales and either light, moderate or vigorous intensity PA behavior demonstrated good convergent validity; internal consistency was acceptable-to-good （α = 0.51-0.80）; rank order repeatability was acceptable-to-strong （ICC = 0.62-0.92）. Adapted social cognitive scales for physical activity for use among adolescents in the Brazilian context showed acceptable reliability and validity properties and may be useful to identify potential social cognitive correlates of PA, mediators of PA behavior change and the testing of theoretical models of SCT.
文摘1.No global progress on youth physical activity prevalenceTagedEnd TagedPDespite hundreds of intervention studies over decennia that have been dedicated to developing and testing programs and strategies to promote physical activity(PA)in adolescents,14 global inactivity levels remain persistently high.Based on self-report data from 1.6 million schoolgoing adolescents from 146 countries,Guthold et al.5 confirmed previous urgent calls to get adolescents more active.Researchers from the World Health Organization(WHO)recently published global prevalence rates and the first ever global time trends for insufficient PA in youth.They reported that more than 80%of school-going adolescents globally did not meet the current recommendations of at least 1 h of PA per day.
基金supported by the Strategic Research Scholarship grant from Central Queensland University (CQU)in part supported by CQU Health CRNsupported by a Future Leader Fellowship (ID 100029) from the National Heart Foundation of Australia
文摘Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult rats.Methods: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and HIIT.Biometric indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA interventions.Results: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group(p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group(both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral(p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT)and epididymal fat(p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL group.Conclusion: LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation,mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.
文摘Objective: We sought to investigate the longitudinal associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents.Methods: A total of 635 adolescents(283 boys, 352 girls) aged 11-13 years participated in the study. MVPA was assessed by the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study questionnaire, and pubertal development was assessed by the Pubertal Development Scale at beginning of the 6 th grade(baseline) and end of the 7 th grade(follow-up). Grade point average(GPA) at the end of Grades 5 and 7 was computed from data acquired from the school registers. The data were analyzed using linear regression and analyses of covariance.Results: In boys, MVPA was positively associated with GPA at baseline after adjustment for age(b = 0.144, 95% confidence interval(CI):0.028-0.260, p = 0.028). In girls, the Pubertal Development Scale was positively associated with GPA at baseline(b = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.004 to0.211, p = 0.058) and follow-up(b = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.002 to 0.211, p = 0.055) after adjustment for age, and these associations strengthened after further adjustment for MVPA(p < 0.05). Adolescents who were inactive at baseline or at baseline and follow-up had lower GPA during followup than their continuously highly active peers(mean difference = -0.301, 95%CI: -0.543 to -0.058, p = 0.009) and all other adolescents(mean difference = -0.247, 95%CI: -0.475 to -0.019, p = 0.029). These differences were greater in girls than in boys.Conclusion: Lower levels of MVPA were associated with lower GPA in boys at baseline. Girls who were continuously inactive had lower GPA over the follow-up period than those who were continuously active. Finally, earlier pubertal development was associated with better academic achievement in girls.
文摘In most countries around the globe,adolescent girls are less physically active than boys.However,the majority of studies have been conducted in high-income countries,while there is less evidence from low-and middle-income countries.1 The reasons for this gender difference in physical activity(PA)participation are poorly understood.A recently published article by Ricardo et al.2 on gender inequalities in adolescent PA from 64 global south countries seeks to close this knowledge gap.
基金supported by the European Community Sixth RTD Framework Programme (contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grants RYC-2010-05957 and RYC-2011-09011)+3 种基金the Spanish Ministry of Health: Maternal, Child Health and Development Network (Grants RD08/0072 and RD16/0022)the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MICINN-FEDER)the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions:Units of ExcellenceUnit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)
文摘Purpose: This study aims to compare adolescents' cardiometabolic risk score through an integrative classification of physical activity(PA),which involves the combination of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and sedentary behavior(SB).Methods: A cross-sectional study derived from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study database(2006-2008) was conducted in adolescents(n = 548; boys, 47.3%; 14.7 ± 1.2 years) from 10 European cities. MVPA and SB were objectively measured using accelerometry. Adolescents were divided into 4 categories according to MVPA(meeting or not meeting the international recommendations) and the median of SB time(above or below sex-and age-specific median) as follows: High-SB & Inactive, Low-SB & Inactive,High-SB & Active, and Low-SB & Active. A clustered cardiometabolic risk score was computed using the homeostatic model assessment, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, sum 4 skinfolds, and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF).Analyses of covariance were performed to discern differences on cardiometabolic risk scores among PA categories and each health component.Results: The cardiometabolic risk score was lower in adolescents meeting the MVPA recommendation and with less time spent in SB in comparison to the high-SB & Inactive group(p < 0.05). However, no difference in cardiometabolic risk score was established between High-SB or Low-SB groups in inactive adolescents. It is important to note that CRF was the only variable that showed a significant modification(higher)when children were compared from the category of physically inactive with "active" but not from high-to low-SB.Conclusion: Being physically active is the most significant and protective outcome in adolescents to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Lower SB does not exhibit a significant and extra beneficial difference.
