In September 2020,a pioneering observational network of three X-band phased-array radars(XPARs)was established in Xiamen,a subtropical coastal and densely populated city in southeastern China.Statistically,this study ...In September 2020,a pioneering observational network of three X-band phased-array radars(XPARs)was established in Xiamen,a subtropical coastal and densely populated city in southeastern China.Statistically,this study demonstrated that the XPAR network outperforms single S-band radar in revealing the warm-season convective storms in Xiamen in a fine-scale manner.The findings revealed that convective activity in Xiamen is most frequent in the central and northern mountainous regions,with lower frequency observed in the southern coastal areas.The diurnal pattern of convection occurrence exhibited a unimodal distribution,with a peak in the afternoon.The frequent occurrence of convective storms correlates well in both time and space with the active terrain uplift that occurs when the prevailing winds encounter mountainous areas.Notably,September stands apart with a bimodal diurnal pattern,featuring a prominent afternoon peak and a significant secondary peak before midnight.Further examination of dense rain gauge data in Xiamen indicates that high-frequency areas of short-duration heavy rainfall largely coincide with regions of active convective storms,except for a unique rainfall hotspot in southern Xiamen,where moderate convection frequency is accompanied by substantial rainfall.This anomalous rainfall,predominantly nocturnal,appears less influenced by terrain uplift and exhibits higher precipitation efficiency than daytime rainfall.These preliminary findings offer insights into the characteristics of convection occurrence in Xiamen's subtropical coastal environment and hold promise for enhancing the accuracy of convection and precipitation forecasts in similar environments.展开更多
With the increasing miniaturization of systems and surging demand for power density,accurate prediction and control of two-phase flow pressure drop have become a core challenge restricting the performance of microchan...With the increasing miniaturization of systems and surging demand for power density,accurate prediction and control of two-phase flow pressure drop have become a core challenge restricting the performance of microchannel heat exchangers.Pressure drop,a critical hydraulic characteristic,serves as both a natural constraint for cooling systems and determines the power required to pump the working fluid through microchannels.This paper reviews the characteristics,prediction models,and optimization measures of two-phase flow pressure drop for low-boiling-point working fluids in microchannels.It systematically analyzes key influencing factors such as fluid physical properties,operating conditions,channel geometry,and flow patterns,and discusses the complex mechanisms of pressure drop under the coupling effect of multi-physical fields.Mainstream prediction models are reviewed:the homogeneous flow model simplifies calculations but shows large deviations at low quality;the separated flow model considers interphase interactions and can be applied to micro-scales after modification;the flow-pattern-based model performs zoned modeling but relies on subjective classification;machine learning improves prediction accuracy but faces the“black-box”problem.In terms of optimization,channel designs are improved through porous structures and micro-rib arrays,and flow rate distribution is optimized using splitters to balance pressure drop and heat transfer performance.This study provides theoretical support for microchannel thermal management in high-power-density devices.展开更多
Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are well-suited for vibration and noise reduction due to their outstanding mechanical and damping properties.However,their damping capacity is limited due to low-temperature stabilized thermoe...Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are well-suited for vibration and noise reduction due to their outstanding mechanical and damping properties.However,their damping capacity is limited due to low-temperature stabilized thermoelastic martensite and constrained twin migration.This work designs nanoscale Nb phases to enhance the damping capacity and maintain a wide working temperature range of NiTiHf-based SMAs.The NiTiHf/Nb alloys containing spherical Nb phases demonstrate a 125%improvement in internal friction(IF)and remain stable up to 400 K.Alloys with spherical Nb phases exhibit relatively high intrinsic IF,which is mainly attibuted to the high migration ability of martensitic twin boundaries.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and IF spectra suggest spherical Nb phases pro-vide additional dislocation damping effects and interface damping effects by inducing multiple types of dislocations near the multi-directional phase interfaces.These findings provide insights into the role of second-phase shape effect in damping properties and offer valuable guidance for designing ultra-high damping alloys.展开更多
The three-parameter Petal-Teja equation of state coupled with a characterization proceduref0r C<sub>7+</sub>-fraction based on gamma distribution function was employed to predict the phase behaviorof eight...The three-parameter Petal-Teja equation of state coupled with a characterization proceduref0r C<sub>7+</sub>-fraction based on gamma distribution function was employed to predict the phase behaviorof eight gas condensates.The lumping of the subdivided single carbon number（SCN）hydrocarbons inthe plus-fraction and the choice of empirical correlations for calculating the critical properties andacentric factor of SCN hydrocarbons were discussed.展开更多
The properties of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of mixed solution containing gemini cationic surfactant trimethylene-1,3-bis(dodecyldimethyl ammonium) bromide (12-3-12, 2Br-) and traditional anionic surfactant sodiu...The properties of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of mixed solution containing gemini cationic surfactant trimethylene-1,3-bis(dodecyldimethyl ammonium) bromide (12-3-12, 2Br-) and traditional anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with or without added salt have been studied. An ATPS is formed in a narrow region of the ternary phase diagram different from that of traditional aqueous cationic-anionic surfactant systems. In ATPS region, the lowest total concentration of surfactants varies with the mixing ratio of geminis to SDS. Photographs obtained from freeze-etching, negative-staining and transmission electron microscopy show that the microstructures of two phases are different from each other. Micelles and vesicles can coexist in a single phase. The addition of salts can change the phase diagram of ATPS. Furthermore, the added salts promote the aggregation of rod-like micelles to form coarse network structure that increase the viscosity of solutions. The negative ions of the added salts are the determining factor.展开更多
The nature of the crystalline phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) in compatible blends with poly(ethyl methacrylate)(PEMA) was investigated by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared microscopy(IR) and differentia...The nature of the crystalline phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) in compatible blends with poly(ethyl methacrylate)(PEMA) was investigated by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared microscopy(IR) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The βphase of PVDF was observed after quenching from the melt and further annealing above the glass transition temperature over a composition range. The PVDF/PEMA blend with weight ratio of 3:2 has formed higher content of PVDF β crystals than others. By taking advantage of fast cooling rate of ultrafast differential scanning calorimeter(UFDSC), the quenching process of blends was modeled and tested simultaneously, and the melting behavior of β crystals in all blends was investigated. Three types of crystallization behavior of βphase PVDF in blends were found after quenching-annealing at different temperatures.展开更多
Fractional molecular field theory(FMFT)is a phenomenological theory that describes phase transitions in crystals with randomly distributed components,such as the relaxor-ferroelectrics and spin glasses.In order to ver...Fractional molecular field theory(FMFT)is a phenomenological theory that describes phase transitions in crystals with randomly distributed components,such as the relaxor-ferroelectrics and spin glasses.In order to verify the feasibility of this theory,this paper fits it to the Monte Carlo simulations of specific heat and susceptibility versus temperature of two-dimensional(2D)random-site Ising model(2D-RSIM).The results indicate that the FMFT deviates from the 2D-RSIM significantly.The main reason for the deviation is that the 2D-RSIM is a typical system of component random distribution,where the real order parameter is spatially heterogeneous and has no symmetry of space translation,but the basic assumption of FMFT means that the parameter is spatially uniform and has symmetry of space translation.展开更多
A novel technique to obtain injection locked oscillators phase tuning beyond 180° is demonstrated. The idea is to cascade injection locked oscillators together for phase change accumulation. A two stage injection...A novel technique to obtain injection locked oscillators phase tuning beyond 180° is demonstrated. The idea is to cascade injection locked oscillators together for phase change accumulation. A two stage injection locked oscillators can theoretically provide a maximum of 360?phase change within the locking range. This is particularly useful for phased array antenna applications.展开更多
The grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), the canonical Monte Carlo by using equal probability perturbation, and the molecular dynamics (MD) methods were used to study the capillary phase-transition (capillary condensat...The grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), the canonical Monte Carlo by using equal probability perturbation, and the molecular dynamics (MD) methods were used to study the capillary phase-transition (capillary condensation and evaporation) and self-diffusion for a simple Lennard-Jones model of ethylene confined in slit carbon pores of 2.109 nm at temperatures between 141.26 K and 201.80 K. The critical point of capillary phase-transition was extrapolated by the critical power law and the law of rectilinear diameter from the capillary phase-transition data in the near critical region. The effects of temperature and fluid density on the parallel self-diffusion coefficients of ethylene molecules confined in the slit carbon pores were examined. The results showed that the parallel selfdiffusion coefficients in the capillary phase transition area strongly depended on the fluids local densities in the slit carbon pores.展开更多
Separation of the （C1 ＋ C2） hydrocarbon system is of importance in natural gas processing and ethylene production. However it is the bottleneck because of its high refrigeration energy consumption, and needs to be ...Separation of the （C1 ＋ C2） hydrocarbon system is of importance in natural gas processing and ethylene production. However it is the bottleneck because of its high refrigeration energy consumption, and needs to be urgently addressed. The technology of separating gas mixtures by forming hydrate could be used to separate （C1 ＋ C2） gas mixtures at around 0℃ and has attracted increasing attention worldwide. In this paper, investigation of vapor-hydrate two-phase equilibrium was carried out for （C1 ＋ C2） systems with and without tetrahydrofuran （THF）. The compositions of vapor and hydrate phases under phase equilibrium were studied with model algorithm when structure Ⅰ and structure Ⅱ hydrates coexisted for the （methane ＋ ethane） system. The average deviation between the modeled and actual mole fractions of ethane in hydrate and vapor phases was 0.55%, and that of ethylene was 5.7% when THF was not added. The average deviation of the mole fraction of ethane in vapor phase was 11.46% and ethylene was 7.38% when THF was added. The test results showed that the proposed algorithm is practicable.展开更多
The systematic experimental studies were performed on the hydrate formation kinetics and gas-hydrate equilibrium for a simulated catalytic cracking gas in the water-in-oil emulsion. The effect of temperature, pressure...The systematic experimental studies were performed on the hydrate formation kinetics and gas-hydrate equilibrium for a simulated catalytic cracking gas in the water-in-oil emulsion. The effect of temperature, pressure and initial gas-liquid ratio on the hydrate formation was studied, respectively. The data were obtained at pressures ranging from 3.5 to 5 MPa and temperatur.es from 274.15 to 277.15 K. The results showed that hydrogen and methane can be separated Irom the （~2＋ ti＇action by tOrming hydrate at around 273.15 K which is much higher temperature than that of the cryogenic separation method, and the hydrate formation rate can be enhanced in the wa- ter-in-oil emulsion compared to pure water. The experiments provided the basic data for designing the industrial process, and setting the suitable operational conditions. The measured data ot gas-hydrate equilibria were compared with the predictions by using the Chen-Guo hydrate thermodynamic model.展开更多
Due to the obvious deviations of the existing theoretical models from the experimental results of ferroelectric phase transition, a new model is proposed on the basis of the coupling between spontaneous polarization a...Due to the obvious deviations of the existing theoretical models from the experimental results of ferroelectric phase transition, a new model is proposed on the basis of the coupling between spontaneous polarization and spontaneous strain in ferroelectrics. The spontaneous polarization and specific heat of ferroelectric phase transition predicted by the model are in better agreement with the corresponding data of triglyceride sulfate, a typical ferroelectric.In addition, the model predicts a new type of ferroelectric in which a phase transition and a phase-like transition coexist.展开更多
As crucial factors in hepatitis C virus(HCV)management,resistance-associated substitutions(RASs)are associated with the treatment outcome of some direct-acting antiviral(DAA)-based regimens.In this study,we mainly ana...As crucial factors in hepatitis C virus(HCV)management,resistance-associated substitutions(RASs)are associated with the treatment outcome of some direct-acting antiviral(DAA)-based regimens.In this study,we mainly analyzed the impact of baseline Y93 H or Y93 Y/H on the short-term efficacy after single administration of NS5 A inhibitors in three phaseⅠb clinical trials(yimitasvir phosphate,KW-136 and fopitasvir),and analyzed the prevalence of baseline RASs and treatment-emergent RASs.A total of 94 treatment-naive HCV genotype(GT)-1 b(n=63)and GT-2 a(n=31)Chinese patients were enrolled in three phase lb clinical trials.We investigated RASs in 77 patients with next generation or Sanger sequencing.In the 7-day trial of yimitasvir phosphate,the mean maximum HCV RNA decrease of patients with baseline Y93 H or Y93 Y/H was lower than that of patients without the mutation in the 30 mg and 200 mg cohorts(0.83 vs.2.45 log10 IU/mL and 1.92 vs.2.63 log10 IU/mL).In the3-day trial of KW-136,the mean maximum HCV RNA decrease in patients with baseline Y93 H or Y93 Y/H was lower than that of patients without the mutation in the 30,60 and 120 mg cohorts(1.58 vs.2.89 log10 IU/mL,3.16 vs.4.09 log10 IU/mL and3.00 vs.5.04 log10 IU/mL,respectively).In the 3-day trial of fopitasvir,only 30 mg group had baseline Y93 H or Y93 Y/H,and the average maximum HCV RNA decrease of patients with baseline Y93 H or Y93 Y/H was lower than that of patients without the mutation(1.45 vs.3.59 log10 IU/mL).In the three trials,baseline RASs were observed in 54 patients(70.1%;54/77).The most prevalent baseline RASs were Y93 H and Y93 Y/H(18.2%;14/77),followed by L3 IM(16.9%;13/77).The most common RASs after single administration of DAA were Y93 H and Y93 Y/H.Our data could provide reference for future clinical treatment and clinical trial.展开更多
Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)induces the formation of membrane-less droplet-like compartments through the segregation of biomolecules into distinct liquid phases within a solution,without the requirement for a...Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)induces the formation of membrane-less droplet-like compartments through the segregation of biomolecules into distinct liquid phases within a solution,without the requirement for a surrounding lipid bilayer1.These membrane-less droplet-like compartments,which arise from LLPS,possess unique properties and functions essential for cellular organization,biomolecular condensation,and cellular signaling2.展开更多
Based on Presnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory, we set up a diffraction model of nonlinear optical media to Gaussian beam, which can interpret the Z-scan phenomenon from a new way. This theory is not only well consiste...Based on Presnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory, we set up a diffraction model of nonlinear optical media to Gaussian beam, which can interpret the Z-scan phenomenon from a new way. This theory is not only well consistent with the conventional Z-scan theory in the case of small nonlinear phase shift, but also can fit for the lager nonlinear phase shift. Numeric computations indicate the shape of the Z-scan curve is greatly affected by the value of the nonlinear phase shift. The symmetric dispersion-like Z-scan curve is only valid for small nonlinear phase shift (|Δφ0| < π), but with increasing the nonlinear phase shift, the valley of the transmittance is severely suppressed and the peak is greatly enhanced. Further calculations show some new interesting results.展开更多
HA121-28,a promising multikinase inhibitor,mainly targets rearranged during transfection(RET)fusions and selectively targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2,endothelial growth factor receptor,and fibrobl...HA121-28,a promising multikinase inhibitor,mainly targets rearranged during transfection(RET)fusions and selectively targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2,endothelial growth factor receptor,and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-3.The safety,pharmacokinetics,and efficacy of HA121-28 were assessed in advanced solid tumors(phase 1,ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03994484)and advanced RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer(RET-TKI naive NSCLC,phase 2,ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05117658).HA121-28 was administered orally in doses range from 25 to 800 mg under the 21-day on/7-day off scheme for a 28-day cycle in phase 1 trial.The recommended dose identified in phase 1(450 mg)was administered for patients during phase 2.The primary endpoints were the maximum tolerated dose(MTD)in phase 1 and the objective response rate(ORR)in phase 2.162 patients were enrolled in phase 1 and 48 in phase 2.A total of 600 mg once daily was set as MTD.Across 100-800 mg,the exposure of HA121-28 increased in a dose-dependent manner.Consistent between both trials,diarrhea,rash,and prolonged QTc interval,were the most reported treatment-emergent adverse events.40.0%(phase 1)and 62.5%(phase 2)patients experienced grade≥3 treatment-related adverse events,respectively.The overall ORR was 26.8%and the median progression-free survival(PFS)was 5.5 months among 97 NSCLC patients with advanced RET fusion receiving a dose at≥450 mg once daily.HA121-28 showed encouraging efficacy in advanced RET fusion NSCLC and its toxicity was tolerable in most patients.Nevertheless,cardiotoxicity is a notable concern that warrants careful attention.展开更多
A production technique with the high yield and environmentally friendly process need be developed forε-Caprolactam(CPL)in the chemical industry.This technology is highly desired to design and synthesize high--perform...A production technique with the high yield and environmentally friendly process need be developed forε-Caprolactam(CPL)in the chemical industry.This technology is highly desired to design and synthesize high--performance catalysts for liquid phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime(CHO)to CPL.In this work,3-methyl-1-(propyl-4-sulfonyl)imidazolium methanesulfonate([PHSO_(3)MIM][MSA])with highly efficient and excellent yield is synthesized successfully.When the optimum molar ratio of ZnCl_(2)over[PHSO_(3)MIM][MSA]was 0.02,it exhibits the high selectivity(94%)of CPL at 90℃for 1 h.Interestingly,Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)investigations show that the functional Br∅nsted-Lewis acidic types of ionic liquids(ILs)are formed by the uniformly distributed ZnCl_(2)and[PHSO_(3)MIM][MSA].In addition,the hydrogen bond(H-bond)is formed between CHO and ILs.After ten reaction cycles,no significant structure changes are observed in the recovered[PHSO_(3)MIM][MSA]-ZnCl_(2).The solubilities of ILs are predicted by using COSMO-RS model,the results show that[PHSO_(3)MIM][MSA]is a promising candidate for the liquid phase Beckmann rearrangement of CHO into CPL.Finally,a theoretical model of the H-bond interactions between ILs and CHO is further confirmed to support the advance of reaction mechanism.A feasible way is provided for the CPL production technique in the liquid phase Beckmann rearrangement reaction.展开更多
A double sinusoidal phase modulating (SPM) laser diode interferometer for thickness measurements of a transparent plate is presented. A carrier signal is given to the interference signal by using a piezoelectric trans...A double sinusoidal phase modulating (SPM) laser diode interferometer for thickness measurements of a transparent plate is presented. A carrier signal is given to the interference signal by using a piezoelectric transducer, and the SPM interferometry is applied to measure the thickness of a transparent plate. By combining the double-modulation technique with the Bessel function ratio method, the measurement error originating from Sight intensity fluctuations caused by the modulation current can be decreased greatly. The thicknesses of a glass parallel plate and a quartz glass are measured in real time, and the corresponding experimental results are also given.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2023J011338)Guided Foundation of Xiamen Science and Technology Bureau(3502Z20214ZD4009,3502Z20214ZD4010)+1 种基金Key Projects of East China Phased Array Weather Radar Application Joint Laboratory(EPJL_RP2025010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41905049)。
文摘In September 2020,a pioneering observational network of three X-band phased-array radars(XPARs)was established in Xiamen,a subtropical coastal and densely populated city in southeastern China.Statistically,this study demonstrated that the XPAR network outperforms single S-band radar in revealing the warm-season convective storms in Xiamen in a fine-scale manner.The findings revealed that convective activity in Xiamen is most frequent in the central and northern mountainous regions,with lower frequency observed in the southern coastal areas.The diurnal pattern of convection occurrence exhibited a unimodal distribution,with a peak in the afternoon.The frequent occurrence of convective storms correlates well in both time and space with the active terrain uplift that occurs when the prevailing winds encounter mountainous areas.Notably,September stands apart with a bimodal diurnal pattern,featuring a prominent afternoon peak and a significant secondary peak before midnight.Further examination of dense rain gauge data in Xiamen indicates that high-frequency areas of short-duration heavy rainfall largely coincide with regions of active convective storms,except for a unique rainfall hotspot in southern Xiamen,where moderate convection frequency is accompanied by substantial rainfall.This anomalous rainfall,predominantly nocturnal,appears less influenced by terrain uplift and exhibits higher precipitation efficiency than daytime rainfall.These preliminary findings offer insights into the characteristics of convection occurrence in Xiamen's subtropical coastal environment and hold promise for enhancing the accuracy of convection and precipitation forecasts in similar environments.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z231100006123010).
文摘With the increasing miniaturization of systems and surging demand for power density,accurate prediction and control of two-phase flow pressure drop have become a core challenge restricting the performance of microchannel heat exchangers.Pressure drop,a critical hydraulic characteristic,serves as both a natural constraint for cooling systems and determines the power required to pump the working fluid through microchannels.This paper reviews the characteristics,prediction models,and optimization measures of two-phase flow pressure drop for low-boiling-point working fluids in microchannels.It systematically analyzes key influencing factors such as fluid physical properties,operating conditions,channel geometry,and flow patterns,and discusses the complex mechanisms of pressure drop under the coupling effect of multi-physical fields.Mainstream prediction models are reviewed:the homogeneous flow model simplifies calculations but shows large deviations at low quality;the separated flow model considers interphase interactions and can be applied to micro-scales after modification;the flow-pattern-based model performs zoned modeling but relies on subjective classification;machine learning improves prediction accuracy but faces the“black-box”problem.In terms of optimization,channel designs are improved through porous structures and micro-rib arrays,and flow rate distribution is optimized using splitters to balance pressure drop and heat transfer performance.This study provides theoretical support for microchannel thermal management in high-power-density devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52471160).
文摘Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are well-suited for vibration and noise reduction due to their outstanding mechanical and damping properties.However,their damping capacity is limited due to low-temperature stabilized thermoelastic martensite and constrained twin migration.This work designs nanoscale Nb phases to enhance the damping capacity and maintain a wide working temperature range of NiTiHf-based SMAs.The NiTiHf/Nb alloys containing spherical Nb phases demonstrate a 125%improvement in internal friction(IF)and remain stable up to 400 K.Alloys with spherical Nb phases exhibit relatively high intrinsic IF,which is mainly attibuted to the high migration ability of martensitic twin boundaries.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and IF spectra suggest spherical Nb phases pro-vide additional dislocation damping effects and interface damping effects by inducing multiple types of dislocations near the multi-directional phase interfaces.These findings provide insights into the role of second-phase shape effect in damping properties and offer valuable guidance for designing ultra-high damping alloys.
文摘The three-parameter Petal-Teja equation of state coupled with a characterization proceduref0r C<sub>7+</sub>-fraction based on gamma distribution function was employed to predict the phase behaviorof eight gas condensates.The lumping of the subdivided single carbon number（SCN）hydrocarbons inthe plus-fraction and the choice of empirical correlations for calculating the critical properties andacentric factor of SCN hydrocarbons were discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20025618, No. 20236010) Shanghai Municipal Education Commission of China.
文摘The properties of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of mixed solution containing gemini cationic surfactant trimethylene-1,3-bis(dodecyldimethyl ammonium) bromide (12-3-12, 2Br-) and traditional anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with or without added salt have been studied. An ATPS is formed in a narrow region of the ternary phase diagram different from that of traditional aqueous cationic-anionic surfactant systems. In ATPS region, the lowest total concentration of surfactants varies with the mixing ratio of geminis to SDS. Photographs obtained from freeze-etching, negative-staining and transmission electron microscopy show that the microstructures of two phases are different from each other. Micelles and vesicles can coexist in a single phase. The addition of salts can change the phase diagram of ATPS. Furthermore, the added salts promote the aggregation of rod-like micelles to form coarse network structure that increase the viscosity of solutions. The negative ions of the added salts are the determining factor.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21474049, 51673094 and 21404055)Tianshan Scholars Program by Yili Normal Universitythe Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (Nos. JCYJ20160608140827794, JCYJ20160531151102203 and JCYJ20170818110206085)
文摘The nature of the crystalline phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) in compatible blends with poly(ethyl methacrylate)(PEMA) was investigated by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared microscopy(IR) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The βphase of PVDF was observed after quenching from the melt and further annealing above the glass transition temperature over a composition range. The PVDF/PEMA blend with weight ratio of 3:2 has formed higher content of PVDF β crystals than others. By taking advantage of fast cooling rate of ultrafast differential scanning calorimeter(UFDSC), the quenching process of blends was modeled and tested simultaneously, and the melting behavior of β crystals in all blends was investigated. Three types of crystallization behavior of βphase PVDF in blends were found after quenching-annealing at different temperatures.
基金Project supported by the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2021D04015)the Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Science and Technology Program Project,China(Grant No.YZ2022B021).
文摘Fractional molecular field theory(FMFT)is a phenomenological theory that describes phase transitions in crystals with randomly distributed components,such as the relaxor-ferroelectrics and spin glasses.In order to verify the feasibility of this theory,this paper fits it to the Monte Carlo simulations of specific heat and susceptibility versus temperature of two-dimensional(2D)random-site Ising model(2D-RSIM).The results indicate that the FMFT deviates from the 2D-RSIM significantly.The main reason for the deviation is that the 2D-RSIM is a typical system of component random distribution,where the real order parameter is spatially heterogeneous and has no symmetry of space translation,but the basic assumption of FMFT means that the parameter is spatially uniform and has symmetry of space translation.
文摘A novel technique to obtain injection locked oscillators phase tuning beyond 180° is demonstrated. The idea is to cascade injection locked oscillators together for phase change accumulation. A two stage injection locked oscillators can theoretically provide a maximum of 360?phase change within the locking range. This is particularly useful for phased array antenna applications.
基金the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) the China Petrochemical Corporation (SINOPEC) (No. 29792077).
文摘The grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), the canonical Monte Carlo by using equal probability perturbation, and the molecular dynamics (MD) methods were used to study the capillary phase-transition (capillary condensation and evaporation) and self-diffusion for a simple Lennard-Jones model of ethylene confined in slit carbon pores of 2.109 nm at temperatures between 141.26 K and 201.80 K. The critical point of capillary phase-transition was extrapolated by the critical power law and the law of rectilinear diameter from the capillary phase-transition data in the near critical region. The effects of temperature and fluid density on the parallel self-diffusion coefficients of ethylene molecules confined in the slit carbon pores were examined. The results showed that the parallel selfdiffusion coefficients in the capillary phase transition area strongly depended on the fluids local densities in the slit carbon pores.
文摘Separation of the （C1 ＋ C2） hydrocarbon system is of importance in natural gas processing and ethylene production. However it is the bottleneck because of its high refrigeration energy consumption, and needs to be urgently addressed. The technology of separating gas mixtures by forming hydrate could be used to separate （C1 ＋ C2） gas mixtures at around 0℃ and has attracted increasing attention worldwide. In this paper, investigation of vapor-hydrate two-phase equilibrium was carried out for （C1 ＋ C2） systems with and without tetrahydrofuran （THF）. The compositions of vapor and hydrate phases under phase equilibrium were studied with model algorithm when structure Ⅰ and structure Ⅱ hydrates coexisted for the （methane ＋ ethane） system. The average deviation between the modeled and actual mole fractions of ethane in hydrate and vapor phases was 0.55%, and that of ethylene was 5.7% when THF was not added. The average deviation of the mole fraction of ethane in vapor phase was 11.46% and ethylene was 7.38% when THF was added. The test results showed that the proposed algorithm is practicable.
基金Supported by the National iqatural Science Foundation of China （20925623, U1162205）.
文摘The systematic experimental studies were performed on the hydrate formation kinetics and gas-hydrate equilibrium for a simulated catalytic cracking gas in the water-in-oil emulsion. The effect of temperature, pressure and initial gas-liquid ratio on the hydrate formation was studied, respectively. The data were obtained at pressures ranging from 3.5 to 5 MPa and temperatur.es from 274.15 to 277.15 K. The results showed that hydrogen and methane can be separated Irom the （~2＋ ti＇action by tOrming hydrate at around 273.15 K which is much higher temperature than that of the cryogenic separation method, and the hydrate formation rate can be enhanced in the wa- ter-in-oil emulsion compared to pure water. The experiments provided the basic data for designing the industrial process, and setting the suitable operational conditions. The measured data ot gas-hydrate equilibria were compared with the predictions by using the Chen-Guo hydrate thermodynamic model.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11664042
文摘Due to the obvious deviations of the existing theoretical models from the experimental results of ferroelectric phase transition, a new model is proposed on the basis of the coupling between spontaneous polarization and spontaneous strain in ferroelectrics. The spontaneous polarization and specific heat of ferroelectric phase transition predicted by the model are in better agreement with the corresponding data of triglyceride sulfate, a typical ferroelectric.In addition, the model predicts a new type of ferroelectric in which a phase transition and a phase-like transition coexist.
基金Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(Grant No.2017TD-08)。
文摘As crucial factors in hepatitis C virus(HCV)management,resistance-associated substitutions(RASs)are associated with the treatment outcome of some direct-acting antiviral(DAA)-based regimens.In this study,we mainly analyzed the impact of baseline Y93 H or Y93 Y/H on the short-term efficacy after single administration of NS5 A inhibitors in three phaseⅠb clinical trials(yimitasvir phosphate,KW-136 and fopitasvir),and analyzed the prevalence of baseline RASs and treatment-emergent RASs.A total of 94 treatment-naive HCV genotype(GT)-1 b(n=63)and GT-2 a(n=31)Chinese patients were enrolled in three phase lb clinical trials.We investigated RASs in 77 patients with next generation or Sanger sequencing.In the 7-day trial of yimitasvir phosphate,the mean maximum HCV RNA decrease of patients with baseline Y93 H or Y93 Y/H was lower than that of patients without the mutation in the 30 mg and 200 mg cohorts(0.83 vs.2.45 log10 IU/mL and 1.92 vs.2.63 log10 IU/mL).In the3-day trial of KW-136,the mean maximum HCV RNA decrease in patients with baseline Y93 H or Y93 Y/H was lower than that of patients without the mutation in the 30,60 and 120 mg cohorts(1.58 vs.2.89 log10 IU/mL,3.16 vs.4.09 log10 IU/mL and3.00 vs.5.04 log10 IU/mL,respectively).In the 3-day trial of fopitasvir,only 30 mg group had baseline Y93 H or Y93 Y/H,and the average maximum HCV RNA decrease of patients with baseline Y93 H or Y93 Y/H was lower than that of patients without the mutation(1.45 vs.3.59 log10 IU/mL).In the three trials,baseline RASs were observed in 54 patients(70.1%;54/77).The most prevalent baseline RASs were Y93 H and Y93 Y/H(18.2%;14/77),followed by L3 IM(16.9%;13/77).The most common RASs after single administration of DAA were Y93 H and Y93 Y/H.Our data could provide reference for future clinical treatment and clinical trial.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.82073286)State Key Laboratory of Neurology and Oncology Drug Development(No.SKLSIM-F202418,China).
文摘Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)induces the formation of membrane-less droplet-like compartments through the segregation of biomolecules into distinct liquid phases within a solution,without the requirement for a surrounding lipid bilayer1.These membrane-less droplet-like compartments,which arise from LLPS,possess unique properties and functions essential for cellular organization,biomolecular condensation,and cellular signaling2.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60007009 the President Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. 40007059.
文摘Based on Presnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory, we set up a diffraction model of nonlinear optical media to Gaussian beam, which can interpret the Z-scan phenomenon from a new way. This theory is not only well consistent with the conventional Z-scan theory in the case of small nonlinear phase shift, but also can fit for the lager nonlinear phase shift. Numeric computations indicate the shape of the Z-scan curve is greatly affected by the value of the nonlinear phase shift. The symmetric dispersion-like Z-scan curve is only valid for small nonlinear phase shift (|Δφ0| < π), but with increasing the nonlinear phase shift, the valley of the transmittance is severely suppressed and the peak is greatly enhanced. Further calculations show some new interesting results.
基金funded by Sun Yat-sen University clinical research 5010 program(84000-31630002)Cancer Innovative Research Program of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center(CIRP-SYSUCC-0004)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82073396)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2019-I2M-5-036)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515110697)the Guangzhou Key Research and Development Plan(202206010141)CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology(Shijiazhuang)Co.
文摘HA121-28,a promising multikinase inhibitor,mainly targets rearranged during transfection(RET)fusions and selectively targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2,endothelial growth factor receptor,and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-3.The safety,pharmacokinetics,and efficacy of HA121-28 were assessed in advanced solid tumors(phase 1,ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03994484)and advanced RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer(RET-TKI naive NSCLC,phase 2,ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05117658).HA121-28 was administered orally in doses range from 25 to 800 mg under the 21-day on/7-day off scheme for a 28-day cycle in phase 1 trial.The recommended dose identified in phase 1(450 mg)was administered for patients during phase 2.The primary endpoints were the maximum tolerated dose(MTD)in phase 1 and the objective response rate(ORR)in phase 2.162 patients were enrolled in phase 1 and 48 in phase 2.A total of 600 mg once daily was set as MTD.Across 100-800 mg,the exposure of HA121-28 increased in a dose-dependent manner.Consistent between both trials,diarrhea,rash,and prolonged QTc interval,were the most reported treatment-emergent adverse events.40.0%(phase 1)and 62.5%(phase 2)patients experienced grade≥3 treatment-related adverse events,respectively.The overall ORR was 26.8%and the median progression-free survival(PFS)was 5.5 months among 97 NSCLC patients with advanced RET fusion receiving a dose at≥450 mg once daily.HA121-28 showed encouraging efficacy in advanced RET fusion NSCLC and its toxicity was tolerable in most patients.Nevertheless,cardiotoxicity is a notable concern that warrants careful attention.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 21776300,21890763 and 22078355)Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province(grant number 2022-GX-152)
文摘A production technique with the high yield and environmentally friendly process need be developed forε-Caprolactam(CPL)in the chemical industry.This technology is highly desired to design and synthesize high--performance catalysts for liquid phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime(CHO)to CPL.In this work,3-methyl-1-(propyl-4-sulfonyl)imidazolium methanesulfonate([PHSO_(3)MIM][MSA])with highly efficient and excellent yield is synthesized successfully.When the optimum molar ratio of ZnCl_(2)over[PHSO_(3)MIM][MSA]was 0.02,it exhibits the high selectivity(94%)of CPL at 90℃for 1 h.Interestingly,Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR)investigations show that the functional Br∅nsted-Lewis acidic types of ionic liquids(ILs)are formed by the uniformly distributed ZnCl_(2)and[PHSO_(3)MIM][MSA].In addition,the hydrogen bond(H-bond)is formed between CHO and ILs.After ten reaction cycles,no significant structure changes are observed in the recovered[PHSO_(3)MIM][MSA]-ZnCl_(2).The solubilities of ILs are predicted by using COSMO-RS model,the results show that[PHSO_(3)MIM][MSA]is a promising candidate for the liquid phase Beckmann rearrangement of CHO into CPL.Finally,a theoretical model of the H-bond interactions between ILs and CHO is further confirmed to support the advance of reaction mechanism.A feasible way is provided for the CPL production technique in the liquid phase Beckmann rearrangement reaction.
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology Development 863 Program of China (No. 2002AA404050) the Foundation for Development of Science of Shanghai (No. 0214nm091).
文摘A double sinusoidal phase modulating (SPM) laser diode interferometer for thickness measurements of a transparent plate is presented. A carrier signal is given to the interference signal by using a piezoelectric transducer, and the SPM interferometry is applied to measure the thickness of a transparent plate. By combining the double-modulation technique with the Bessel function ratio method, the measurement error originating from Sight intensity fluctuations caused by the modulation current can be decreased greatly. The thicknesses of a glass parallel plate and a quartz glass are measured in real time, and the corresponding experimental results are also given.
