Total pancreatectomy(TP) is a surgical procedure which includes the complete removal of the pancreatic gland, the spleen, the duodenum, the gallbladder, and the distal part of the stomach. TP represents the curative t...Total pancreatectomy(TP) is a surgical procedure which includes the complete removal of the pancreatic gland, the spleen, the duodenum, the gallbladder, and the distal part of the stomach. TP represents the curative treatment of pancreatic cancer which simultaneously involves the head and the body/tail of the pancreas. Other possible indications for TP comprise multifocal parenchymal diseases, such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, multiple endocrine neoplasms, and chronic pancreatitis. Sometimes, TP is carried out in patients scheduled for pancreaticoduodenectomy(where only the head of the pancreas is removed) when a cancer located in the pancreatic head is intraoperatively found to also extend to the pancreatic body [1].展开更多
Objectives:Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)includes resection of liver metastases(LM),however,no validated biomarker identifies patients most likely to benefit from this procedure.This meta-analysis aim...Objectives:Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)includes resection of liver metastases(LM),however,no validated biomarker identifies patients most likely to benefit from this procedure.This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of the most relevant molecular alterations in cancer-related genes of CRC(i.e.,RAS,BRAF,SMAD4,PIK3CA)as prognostic markers of survival and disease recurrence in patients with mCRC surgically treated by LM resection.Methods:A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies reporting data regarding survival and/or recurrence in patients that underwent complete liver resection for CRC LM,stratified according to RAS,BRAF,PIK3CA,and SMAD4 mutational status.Hazard ratios(HRs)from multivariate analyses were pooled in the meta-analysis and various adjustment strategies for confounding factors were combined.The search was conducted in numerous databases,including MEDLINE(PubMed),Embase,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL)(EBSCO host),and WHO Global Index Medicus,through March 18th,2022.Meta-analyses,editorials,letters to the editor,case reports,studies on other primary cancers,studies with primary metastatic sites other than the liver,studies lacking specific oncological outcome variables or genetic data,non-English language studies,and studies omitting residual disease data from liver metastasectomy were excluded.The remaining 47 studies were summarized in a descriptive table which outlines the key characteristics of each study and final results were graphically presented.Results:RAS mutation status was negatively associated with overall survival(OS)(HR,1.68;95%CI,1.54–1.84)and recurrence free survival(RFS)(HR,1.46;95%CI,1.33–1.61).A negative association was also found for BRAF regarding OS(HR,2.64;95%CI,2.15–3.24)and RFS(HR,1.89;95%CI,1.32–2.73)and SMAD4 regarding OS(HR,1.93;95%CI,1.56–2.38)and RFS(HR,1.95;95%CI,1.31–2.91).For PIK3CA only three studies were eligible and no significant association with either OS or RFS could be highlighted.Conclusion:RAS,BRAF,and SMAD4 are negatively associated with OS and RFS in patients undergoing curative liver metastasectomy from colorectal cancer.No conclusion can be drawn for PIK3CA due to the limited literature availability.These data support the integration of RAS,BRAF,and SMAD4 mutational status in the surgical decision-making for colorectal liver metastasis.Nevertheless,we have to consider several limitations,the major ones being the pooling of results from studies that evaluated patient outcomes as either disease-free survival(DFS)or RFS;the inclusion of patients with minimal residual disease and unconsidered potential confounding factors,such as variability in resectability definitions,chemotherapy use,and a potential interaction between biological markers and pre-and post-resection pharmacological treatments.展开更多
The increased consumption of azithromycin during the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to its presence in the waterways. This study aims to evaluate the effect of this situation on aquatic bacteria. Methodology: Over a f...The increased consumption of azithromycin during the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to its presence in the waterways. This study aims to evaluate the effect of this situation on aquatic bacteria. Methodology: Over a four-month period following the official recognition of the COVID-19 outbreak in Yaoundé, water samples were collected from four rivers selected on the basis of their vicinity to care centers for COVID-19. Bacteria within azithromycin’s spectrum of activity were isolated, and the antibiotic’s efficacy was tested against the most frequently isolated species. The influence of COVID-19 incidence and other external factors was also assessed. Results: The most frequently isolated bacteria were Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis. These strains exhibited varying levels of sensitivity to azithromycin, ranging from 0% to 100%. The observed resistance rates were 12.5%, 14.29%, 16.67%, and 0%, respectively. Neither COVID-19 incidence, proximity to hospitals, nor rainfall significantly influenced bacterial resistance rates to azithromycin (P > 0.05). These resistance levels may be attributed to the relatively short exposure of bacteria to azithromycin at the sampled locations, as well as the impact of agricultural and livestock-related chemicals, such as biocides and antibiotics, present in the watershed. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to integrate into anti-COVID-19 activities, the monitoring of bacteria’s sensitivity in aquatic environments.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide. HCC is the fifth common malignancy in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death in Asia. Long non-coding RNAs(lncR...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide. HCC is the fifth common malignancy in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death in Asia. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are RNAs with a length greater than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. lncRNAs can regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in several ways by interacting with DNA, RNA and proteins in a sequence specific manner. They could regulate cellular and developmental processes through either gene inhibition or gene activation. Many studies have shown that dysregulation of lncRNAs is related to many human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, genetic disorders, neurological diseases, immune mediated disorders and cancers. However, the study of lncRNAs is challenging as they are poorly conserved between species, their expression levels aren't as high as that of m RNAs and have great interpatient variations. The study of lncRNAs expression in cancers have been a breakthrough as it unveils potential biomarkers and drug targets for cancer therapy and helps understand the mechanism of pathogenesis. This review discusses many long non-coding RNAs and their contribution in HCC, their role in development, metastasis, and prognosis of HCC and how to regulate and target these lncRNAs as a therapeutic tool in HCC treatment in the future.展开更多
The aged population is constantly growing, thus fostering an increase in age-dependent diseases. Among these, diabetic retinopathy (DR) along with age-related macular degeneration entails progressive vision loss. Sinc...The aged population is constantly growing, thus fostering an increase in age-dependent diseases. Among these, diabetic retinopathy (DR) along with age-related macular degeneration entails progressive vision loss. Since such conditions are associated with the proliferation of novel vessels, their pharmacotherapeutic management consists of the intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, able to hinder the driving of vascular proliferation prompted by vascular endothelial growth factor. The humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody ranibizumab provided evidence for efficacy in several trials, hence earning approval by the US Food and Drug Administration for therapeutic use in all the stages of DR. Due to the lack of epidemiologic and pharmacoeconomic evaluation in the local Calabria Region context, the present retrospective observational study focused on prevalence of DR and age-related macular degeneration, treatment and cost of therapy with ranibizumab in 870 patients arriving to clinical observation at the "Mater Domini” University Hospital in Calabria, Italy from January 2014 to June 2017. Data were extracted from the database of ophthalmology ward and subjected to statistical analysis. The results suggest that the most frequent retinal diseases are age-related macular degeneration and DR and that the use of ranibizumab has been decreasing over the 4-year study period together with the associated cost per patient which was similar for both disorders. Therefore, appropriateness of treatment with drugs other than ranibizumab needs to be assessed in this setting and deep monitoring of pharmacologic treatment for retinal diseases is necessary to prevent or delay visual acuity decrease and complete vision loss. Study procedures were performed in accordance with the "Mater Domini” University Hospital ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation.展开更多
Objective: To determine the prevalence, level of severity of potential drug–drug interactions(PDDIs) and the associated factors for PDDIs in hospitalized pediatric patients of Gondar University Hospital.Methods: A re...Objective: To determine the prevalence, level of severity of potential drug–drug interactions(PDDIs) and the associated factors for PDDIs in hospitalized pediatric patients of Gondar University Hospital.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months from March to May 2014 in pediatric wards of Gondar University Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select charts from all pediatric patients' charts with every 7th interval to get sample size of 384. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to compute crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio respectively. Statistical significance was set at P value < 0.05.Results: A total of 176(45.8%) patients had at least one PDDI. A total of 393 PDDIs,which were comprised of 283 types of interacting combinations, were identified. Of the total of 393 PDDIs, most were of moderate severity [201(51%)] followed by minor [152(39%)] and major severity [40(10%)]. The most common interacting pairs of major severity were gentamicin + furosemide(6), cotrimoxazole + methotrexate(4) and phenytoin + artemether(4). The occurrence of PDDIs was significantly associated with age and polypharmacy.Conclusions: The study showed that most of the interactions had moderate severity followed by minor severity. Age and polypharmacy were found to show statistically significant association with the occurrence of PDDIs. Due to sensitive nature of pediatrics population, close monitoring is recommended for the detection and management of PDDIs to prevent its negative consequences.展开更多
BACKGROUND Infliximab original has changed the natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) over the past two decades. However, the recent expiration of its patent has allowed the entry of the first Infliximab ...BACKGROUND Infliximab original has changed the natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) over the past two decades. However, the recent expiration of its patent has allowed the entry of the first Infliximab biosimilar into the European and Spanish markets. Currently switching drugs data in IBD are limited. AIM To compare the efficacy of infliximab biosimilar, CT-P13, against infliximab original, analyzing the loss of response of both at the 12 mo follow-up in patients with IBD.METHODS An observational study of two cohorts has been conducted. One retrospective cohort that included patients with IBD treated with Infliximab original, and a prospective cohort of patients who were switching from infliximab original to infliximab biosimilar(CT-P13). We had analyzed the overall efficacy and loss of efficacy in patients in remission at the end of one year after treatment with the original drug compared to the results of the year of treatment with the biosimilar.RESULTS98 patients(CD 67, CU 31) were included in both cohorts. The overall efficacy for infliximab original per year of treatment was 71% vs 68.2% for infliximab biosimilar(P = 0.80). The loss of overall efficacy at 12 mo for infliximab original was 6.6% vs 14.5% for infliximab biosimilar(P = 0.806). The loss of efficacy in patients who were in basal remission was 16.3% for infliximab original vs 27.1% for infliximab biosimilar. Adverse events were 9.2% for infliximab original vs 11.2% for infliximab biosimilar. CONCLUSION The overall efficacy and loss of treatment response with infliximab biosimilar(CT-P13) is similar to that observed with infliximab original in patients who were switching at the 12 mo follow-up. There is no difference in the rate of adverse events.展开更多
During the clinical course of dementia,beside cognitive impairment and memory loss,a very complex challenge is posed by the neuropsychiatric symptoms（NPSs）.Accurate evaluation and treatment of pain impacts positivel...During the clinical course of dementia,beside cognitive impairment and memory loss,a very complex challenge is posed by the neuropsychiatric symptoms（NPSs）.Accurate evaluation and treatment of pain impacts positively the agitation of demented patients aged ≥ 65 years.To gather information on the utilization of pain killers in demented patients a preliminary survey has been conducted in collaboration with the Calabrian Pharmacovigilance Territorial Service of the health district of Catanzaro（Italy）.The study has taken into consideration the prescriptions of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine during the period ranging from July 2015 to June 2016 and the percentage of patients treated against pain with non steroidal antinflammatory drugs,opioids,and anticonvulsants have been monitored.The latter have been evaluated statistically for difference between the treatment before（pre） and after（post） the settlement of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors（ACh EI） or memantine therapy.The results do support accuracy in painkillers utilization in the course of dementia in the regional population of Calabria（Italy）.展开更多
Triptans are 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 B/1 D receptor agonists used in moderate to severe migraine attacks as first line when non-specific,symptomatic,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not effective.To gain insight...Triptans are 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 B/1 D receptor agonists used in moderate to severe migraine attacks as first line when non-specific,symptomatic,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not effective.To gain insight in the treatment of migraine in the regional context,this retrospective(from January to August of the years 2017 and 2018)study aimed at monitoring the use of triptans approved by the regional health authority in Calabria.The data demonstrate that the overall treatment of migraine with triptans in the different provinces of Calabria falls in the average regional prescription/dispensation.Interestingly,Crotone showed a trend to an increased amount of defined daily dose/1000 inhabitants per day.The present analysis might stand for homogeneity of treatment of migraineurs in Calabria and highlights the need for better understanding the apparent differences in the local pattern of almotriptan use to improve the appropriateness.展开更多
Background: Several epidemiological studies have been carried to identify the risk factors for developing breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with breast cancer in differen...Background: Several epidemiological studies have been carried to identify the risk factors for developing breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with breast cancer in different age groups in the Moroccan women and to determine susceptible and protective factors. Methods: This was?a case control study?including 400 women with breast cancer and 400 controls of the National Institute of Oncology Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Rabat, Morocco from 2008 to 2010. These women were interviewed for epidemiological information and risk factor for breast cancer. Results: Early age at menarche, late menopause, oral contraceptive and family history with first degree were positively associated with breast cancer in all the series and in the age group between 22 and 34 years. In the age group between 44 and 34 years, a risk of breast cancer was associated only with a family history of breast cancer. In the age group of 45 years or older, the factors which seem to influence a breast cancer are: late menopause, oral contraceptive and family history in the first degree. In contrast, early childbearing, multiparity and lactation were negatively associated with breast cancer. Conclusion: This study is rather in favour of positive association between hormonal factors and breast cancer, and confirms the protective role of multiparity and lactation.展开更多
Background: In the Ivory Coast, chronic infection by hepatitis B and C virus is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The absence of universal health coverage makes the treatment inaccessible to...Background: In the Ivory Coast, chronic infection by hepatitis B and C virus is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The absence of universal health coverage makes the treatment inaccessible to all. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of Pegylated Interferon in clinical practice in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C and determine the hematologic side effects. Patients and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study from January 2012 to November 2013 on a cohort of patients chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (n = 11) treated with Pegylated Interferon to 180 mcg per week and hepatitis C virus (n = 30) treated with a combination therapy associating pegylated Interferon to 180 mcg per week and Ribavirin assayed according to the genotype. Results: Out of 1860 patients seen in hepatogastroenterology consultation 422 had viral hepatitis B or C that is a prevalence of 22.7% and 41 patients were treated (9.7%) by Pegylated Interferon. Among these 41 patients mentioned earlier, 30 had HCV (73.17%) with a case of HIV + HVC co-infection, 11 patients had HBV (26.83%) including 3 cases of HBV + HDV co-infection. Patients’ age ranged from 24 - 69 years with an average of 49.2 ± 12.2 years including 46.5 years for HBV and 51.9 years for HCV. The sex ratio was 1.56. The original transaminases were on average 93.37 IU/l for AST and 110.47 for ALT. The average RNA HCV was 1,685,331 IU/ml and the DNA HBV 33,312,767 IU/ml. Patients with HCV were of genotype 1 in 56.66%, genotype 2 in 40% and one case of genotype 4 (3.34%) from Central Africa. Fibrosis score at institution of treatment was significant (≥A2 and/or ≥F2) in 86.9% of cases of Fibrotest®, 100% of cases of Fibrometer®. We observed 48.8% of neutropenia < 750/mm3, 33.3% of anemia and 29.3% of thrombocytopenia < 100,000/mm3. There was no dose reduction of Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin. For HBV there were 3 partial responses, 3 responders including 1 HBV + HDV co-infected non responder to HDV, 2 non responders including 1 HBV + HDV co-infected to Week 48. For HCV, there was 52.94% of cases of sustained viral response (SVR) including 44.44% of genotype 1, 83.33% of genotype 2 and 100% of genotype 4. Conclusion: The free antiviral treatment program helped treat 10% of chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Our results are not different from those of the literature. Difficulties remain in the performance of non supported diagnostic tests.展开更多
BACKGROUNDThe majority of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have goodprognoses, but some develop a critical illness that can lead to death. Evidenceshows severe acute respiratory syndrome is closely re...BACKGROUNDThe majority of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have goodprognoses, but some develop a critical illness that can lead to death. Evidenceshows severe acute respiratory syndrome is closely related to the inducedcytokine storm. Interleukin-6 is a key player;its role in systemic inflammation iswell known.AIMTo evaluate the effect of tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist,on the outcomes for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.METHODSPubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, MedRxiv, Science Direct, and theCochrane Library were searched from inception to 9th June 2020 for observationalor prospective studies reporting results of hospitalized adult patients withCOVID-19 infection treated with TCZ. Effect sizes were reported as odds ratios(ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and an OR less than 1 was associatedwith a better outcome in those treated with TCZ.RESULTSOverall 13476 patients (33 studies;n = 3264 received TCZ) with COVID-19pneumonia and various degree of severity were included. Outcome wasimproved with TCZ. In the primary analysis (n = 19 studies reporting data),mortality was reduced in patients treated with TCZ (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.47-0.87;P < 0.01). In 9 studies where risk of death with TCZ use was controlled for othervariables mortality was reduced by 57% (OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.27-0.7;P < 0.01).Intensive care need (mechanical ventilation) was also reduced (OR = 0.36, 95%CI:0.14-0.89;P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONIn COVID-19-infected patients treated with TCZ, outcome may be improvedcompared to those not treated with TCZ.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the prevalence and types of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)modalities among patients with cancer in Karachi,Pakistan.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from ...Objective:To evaluate the prevalence and types of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)modalities among patients with cancer in Karachi,Pakistan.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to December 2021.Five hundred patients with cancer were invited to participate in the study.Electronic databases,namely,Google scholar,Publons,EMBASE,PubMed,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,and ResearchGate was used for questionnaire designed.The self-administered survey included questions on demographic characteristics,education level,socio-economic conditions and information about CAM therapies,prevalence,effectiveness,and common CAM modalities.Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 22.Results:Out of the 500 invited patients,433(86.6%)successfully completed and returned the questionnaires.In contrast to patients who were with younger,highly educated,professionally active,higher income,and had advanced cancer,time since diagnosis,type of treatment,cancer types and family history are significantly associated with CAM use.The results showed that 59.8%of the participants were acquainted with complementary and/or alternative medicine and considered safe owing to its natural ingredients.The prevalence of CAM usage among cancer patients was 40.9%and the most widely used CAM modality was herbal medicine(27.7%)and dietary supplements(28.8%).Patients used CAM as a complementary therapy to improve the morphological parameter(28.2%),strengthen the immune system(6.8%),and to decrease the side effects of conventional treatment(18.1%).Most of the respondents get the information regarding CAM therapy from the electronic media(43.2%)and the family members(48%)rather than healthcare personnel.Conclusions:Participants used CAM modalities along with the conventional health care practices.Further multicentre studies should be conducted to provide information regarding the usage of CAM therapies and their eventual benefits in patients with cancer.展开更多
Omega-3 fatty acids are one of the most used food supplements. However, atrial fibrillation has been recently presented as a rare adverse drug event following ingestion of high doses of this food supplement.
The widespread use of disinfectants and various medications in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about their potential impact on the characteristics of natural waters. To assess the effect of the C...The widespread use of disinfectants and various medications in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about their potential impact on the characteristics of natural waters. To assess the effect of the COVID-19 response on surface waters in Yaoundé, various physicochemical parameters of three rivers (Mfoundi, Tongolo, and Mingoa) were examined over 8 months. The selection of these rivers was based on their proximity to hospitals involved in COVID-19 patient management. Physico-chemical parameters were measured following standard protocols, and their spatiotemporal variations and the influence of various factors, were examined. The results revealed that, during the study period, the values for temperature (23˚C to 30˚C), dissolved oxygen (14% to 90%), pH (6.2 to 9.5), electrical conductivity (100 to 662 µS/cm), oxidability (0.19 to 42.19 mg/l), and suspended solids (1 to 725 mg/l) exhibited variations, except for total dissolved solids (30 to 470 mg/l), whose levels remained within the recommended limit (s = 0.812, P = 0.014) with oxidability levels in the Tongolo river. The COVID-19 response measures had a limited negative effect on the surface waters of Yaoundé during the study period. This could be attributed to the disproportionate application of hygiene measures among the city’s populations. Additionally, the lack of flow observed in certain rivers requires particular attention from authorities and the populations to safeguard the city’s ecosystems.展开更多
Hirudotherapy has a broad spectrum of therapeutic application in the medical field ranging from cardiology,gynaecology,ophthalmology,plastic and reconstructive surgeries.In medieval and early modern medicine,leeches w...Hirudotherapy has a broad spectrum of therapeutic application in the medical field ranging from cardiology,gynaecology,ophthalmology,plastic and reconstructive surgeries.In medieval and early modern medicine,leeches were used to remove blood from patients in an attempt to balance the biological humours.Leeches are widely used to treat venous congestion in microvascular replantation,free and conventional flap surgery and traumatology.Recently,Food and Drug Administration has approved the usage of live leeches as medical device for therapeutic applications.Presently,some of the leech species have declined dramatically in its population due to the over utilization of leech for medicinal purposes and also due to pollution in several parts of the world particularly in European and Asian countries.This review presents an overview of leech including the history,biology,classification,and its application as medical device.Further,it also covers the controversies and misconception related to leech species identification and complications of post hirudotherapy.展开更多
文摘Total pancreatectomy(TP) is a surgical procedure which includes the complete removal of the pancreatic gland, the spleen, the duodenum, the gallbladder, and the distal part of the stomach. TP represents the curative treatment of pancreatic cancer which simultaneously involves the head and the body/tail of the pancreas. Other possible indications for TP comprise multifocal parenchymal diseases, such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, multiple endocrine neoplasms, and chronic pancreatitis. Sometimes, TP is carried out in patients scheduled for pancreaticoduodenectomy(where only the head of the pancreas is removed) when a cancer located in the pancreatic head is intraoperatively found to also extend to the pancreatic body [1].
基金partially funded by Italian Ministry of Health—Ricerca Corrente(no grant number).
文摘Objectives:Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)includes resection of liver metastases(LM),however,no validated biomarker identifies patients most likely to benefit from this procedure.This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of the most relevant molecular alterations in cancer-related genes of CRC(i.e.,RAS,BRAF,SMAD4,PIK3CA)as prognostic markers of survival and disease recurrence in patients with mCRC surgically treated by LM resection.Methods:A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies reporting data regarding survival and/or recurrence in patients that underwent complete liver resection for CRC LM,stratified according to RAS,BRAF,PIK3CA,and SMAD4 mutational status.Hazard ratios(HRs)from multivariate analyses were pooled in the meta-analysis and various adjustment strategies for confounding factors were combined.The search was conducted in numerous databases,including MEDLINE(PubMed),Embase,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL)(EBSCO host),and WHO Global Index Medicus,through March 18th,2022.Meta-analyses,editorials,letters to the editor,case reports,studies on other primary cancers,studies with primary metastatic sites other than the liver,studies lacking specific oncological outcome variables or genetic data,non-English language studies,and studies omitting residual disease data from liver metastasectomy were excluded.The remaining 47 studies were summarized in a descriptive table which outlines the key characteristics of each study and final results were graphically presented.Results:RAS mutation status was negatively associated with overall survival(OS)(HR,1.68;95%CI,1.54–1.84)and recurrence free survival(RFS)(HR,1.46;95%CI,1.33–1.61).A negative association was also found for BRAF regarding OS(HR,2.64;95%CI,2.15–3.24)and RFS(HR,1.89;95%CI,1.32–2.73)and SMAD4 regarding OS(HR,1.93;95%CI,1.56–2.38)and RFS(HR,1.95;95%CI,1.31–2.91).For PIK3CA only three studies were eligible and no significant association with either OS or RFS could be highlighted.Conclusion:RAS,BRAF,and SMAD4 are negatively associated with OS and RFS in patients undergoing curative liver metastasectomy from colorectal cancer.No conclusion can be drawn for PIK3CA due to the limited literature availability.These data support the integration of RAS,BRAF,and SMAD4 mutational status in the surgical decision-making for colorectal liver metastasis.Nevertheless,we have to consider several limitations,the major ones being the pooling of results from studies that evaluated patient outcomes as either disease-free survival(DFS)or RFS;the inclusion of patients with minimal residual disease and unconsidered potential confounding factors,such as variability in resectability definitions,chemotherapy use,and a potential interaction between biological markers and pre-and post-resection pharmacological treatments.
文摘The increased consumption of azithromycin during the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to its presence in the waterways. This study aims to evaluate the effect of this situation on aquatic bacteria. Methodology: Over a four-month period following the official recognition of the COVID-19 outbreak in Yaoundé, water samples were collected from four rivers selected on the basis of their vicinity to care centers for COVID-19. Bacteria within azithromycin’s spectrum of activity were isolated, and the antibiotic’s efficacy was tested against the most frequently isolated species. The influence of COVID-19 incidence and other external factors was also assessed. Results: The most frequently isolated bacteria were Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis. These strains exhibited varying levels of sensitivity to azithromycin, ranging from 0% to 100%. The observed resistance rates were 12.5%, 14.29%, 16.67%, and 0%, respectively. Neither COVID-19 incidence, proximity to hospitals, nor rainfall significantly influenced bacterial resistance rates to azithromycin (P > 0.05). These resistance levels may be attributed to the relatively short exposure of bacteria to azithromycin at the sampled locations, as well as the impact of agricultural and livestock-related chemicals, such as biocides and antibiotics, present in the watershed. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to integrate into anti-COVID-19 activities, the monitoring of bacteria’s sensitivity in aquatic environments.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide. HCC is the fifth common malignancy in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death in Asia. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are RNAs with a length greater than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. lncRNAs can regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in several ways by interacting with DNA, RNA and proteins in a sequence specific manner. They could regulate cellular and developmental processes through either gene inhibition or gene activation. Many studies have shown that dysregulation of lncRNAs is related to many human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, genetic disorders, neurological diseases, immune mediated disorders and cancers. However, the study of lncRNAs is challenging as they are poorly conserved between species, their expression levels aren't as high as that of m RNAs and have great interpatient variations. The study of lncRNAs expression in cancers have been a breakthrough as it unveils potential biomarkers and drug targets for cancer therapy and helps understand the mechanism of pathogenesis. This review discusses many long non-coding RNAs and their contribution in HCC, their role in development, metastasis, and prognosis of HCC and how to regulate and target these lncRNAs as a therapeutic tool in HCC treatment in the future.
文摘The aged population is constantly growing, thus fostering an increase in age-dependent diseases. Among these, diabetic retinopathy (DR) along with age-related macular degeneration entails progressive vision loss. Since such conditions are associated with the proliferation of novel vessels, their pharmacotherapeutic management consists of the intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, able to hinder the driving of vascular proliferation prompted by vascular endothelial growth factor. The humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody ranibizumab provided evidence for efficacy in several trials, hence earning approval by the US Food and Drug Administration for therapeutic use in all the stages of DR. Due to the lack of epidemiologic and pharmacoeconomic evaluation in the local Calabria Region context, the present retrospective observational study focused on prevalence of DR and age-related macular degeneration, treatment and cost of therapy with ranibizumab in 870 patients arriving to clinical observation at the "Mater Domini” University Hospital in Calabria, Italy from January 2014 to June 2017. Data were extracted from the database of ophthalmology ward and subjected to statistical analysis. The results suggest that the most frequent retinal diseases are age-related macular degeneration and DR and that the use of ranibizumab has been decreasing over the 4-year study period together with the associated cost per patient which was similar for both disorders. Therefore, appropriateness of treatment with drugs other than ranibizumab needs to be assessed in this setting and deep monitoring of pharmacologic treatment for retinal diseases is necessary to prevent or delay visual acuity decrease and complete vision loss. Study procedures were performed in accordance with the "Mater Domini” University Hospital ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation.
基金Supported by University of Gondar(Grant No.Uo G/Re/Core/Pro/138862/2014)
文摘Objective: To determine the prevalence, level of severity of potential drug–drug interactions(PDDIs) and the associated factors for PDDIs in hospitalized pediatric patients of Gondar University Hospital.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months from March to May 2014 in pediatric wards of Gondar University Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select charts from all pediatric patients' charts with every 7th interval to get sample size of 384. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to compute crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio respectively. Statistical significance was set at P value < 0.05.Results: A total of 176(45.8%) patients had at least one PDDI. A total of 393 PDDIs,which were comprised of 283 types of interacting combinations, were identified. Of the total of 393 PDDIs, most were of moderate severity [201(51%)] followed by minor [152(39%)] and major severity [40(10%)]. The most common interacting pairs of major severity were gentamicin + furosemide(6), cotrimoxazole + methotrexate(4) and phenytoin + artemether(4). The occurrence of PDDIs was significantly associated with age and polypharmacy.Conclusions: The study showed that most of the interactions had moderate severity followed by minor severity. Age and polypharmacy were found to show statistically significant association with the occurrence of PDDIs. Due to sensitive nature of pediatrics population, close monitoring is recommended for the detection and management of PDDIs to prevent its negative consequences.
文摘BACKGROUND Infliximab original has changed the natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) over the past two decades. However, the recent expiration of its patent has allowed the entry of the first Infliximab biosimilar into the European and Spanish markets. Currently switching drugs data in IBD are limited. AIM To compare the efficacy of infliximab biosimilar, CT-P13, against infliximab original, analyzing the loss of response of both at the 12 mo follow-up in patients with IBD.METHODS An observational study of two cohorts has been conducted. One retrospective cohort that included patients with IBD treated with Infliximab original, and a prospective cohort of patients who were switching from infliximab original to infliximab biosimilar(CT-P13). We had analyzed the overall efficacy and loss of efficacy in patients in remission at the end of one year after treatment with the original drug compared to the results of the year of treatment with the biosimilar.RESULTS98 patients(CD 67, CU 31) were included in both cohorts. The overall efficacy for infliximab original per year of treatment was 71% vs 68.2% for infliximab biosimilar(P = 0.80). The loss of overall efficacy at 12 mo for infliximab original was 6.6% vs 14.5% for infliximab biosimilar(P = 0.806). The loss of efficacy in patients who were in basal remission was 16.3% for infliximab original vs 27.1% for infliximab biosimilar. Adverse events were 9.2% for infliximab original vs 11.2% for infliximab biosimilar. CONCLUSION The overall efficacy and loss of treatment response with infliximab biosimilar(CT-P13) is similar to that observed with infliximab original in patients who were switching at the 12 mo follow-up. There is no difference in the rate of adverse events.
文摘During the clinical course of dementia,beside cognitive impairment and memory loss,a very complex challenge is posed by the neuropsychiatric symptoms（NPSs）.Accurate evaluation and treatment of pain impacts positively the agitation of demented patients aged ≥ 65 years.To gather information on the utilization of pain killers in demented patients a preliminary survey has been conducted in collaboration with the Calabrian Pharmacovigilance Territorial Service of the health district of Catanzaro（Italy）.The study has taken into consideration the prescriptions of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine during the period ranging from July 2015 to June 2016 and the percentage of patients treated against pain with non steroidal antinflammatory drugs,opioids,and anticonvulsants have been monitored.The latter have been evaluated statistically for difference between the treatment before（pre） and after（post） the settlement of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors（ACh EI） or memantine therapy.The results do support accuracy in painkillers utilization in the course of dementia in the regional population of Calabria（Italy）.
基金DS is a post-doc recipient of a research grant salary in the frame of a research project(Tutor:Prof.Giacinto Bagetta)on “Pharmacoepidemiology of drugs used in the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms and pain in aged(over 65)people with dementia” funded by Calabria Region “POR Calabria FESR-FSE 2014/2020-Linea B)Azione 10.5.12
文摘Triptans are 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 B/1 D receptor agonists used in moderate to severe migraine attacks as first line when non-specific,symptomatic,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not effective.To gain insight in the treatment of migraine in the regional context,this retrospective(from January to August of the years 2017 and 2018)study aimed at monitoring the use of triptans approved by the regional health authority in Calabria.The data demonstrate that the overall treatment of migraine with triptans in the different provinces of Calabria falls in the average regional prescription/dispensation.Interestingly,Crotone showed a trend to an increased amount of defined daily dose/1000 inhabitants per day.The present analysis might stand for homogeneity of treatment of migraineurs in Calabria and highlights the need for better understanding the apparent differences in the local pattern of almotriptan use to improve the appropriateness.
文摘Background: Several epidemiological studies have been carried to identify the risk factors for developing breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with breast cancer in different age groups in the Moroccan women and to determine susceptible and protective factors. Methods: This was?a case control study?including 400 women with breast cancer and 400 controls of the National Institute of Oncology Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Rabat, Morocco from 2008 to 2010. These women were interviewed for epidemiological information and risk factor for breast cancer. Results: Early age at menarche, late menopause, oral contraceptive and family history with first degree were positively associated with breast cancer in all the series and in the age group between 22 and 34 years. In the age group between 44 and 34 years, a risk of breast cancer was associated only with a family history of breast cancer. In the age group of 45 years or older, the factors which seem to influence a breast cancer are: late menopause, oral contraceptive and family history in the first degree. In contrast, early childbearing, multiparity and lactation were negatively associated with breast cancer. Conclusion: This study is rather in favour of positive association between hormonal factors and breast cancer, and confirms the protective role of multiparity and lactation.
文摘Background: In the Ivory Coast, chronic infection by hepatitis B and C virus is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The absence of universal health coverage makes the treatment inaccessible to all. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of Pegylated Interferon in clinical practice in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C and determine the hematologic side effects. Patients and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study from January 2012 to November 2013 on a cohort of patients chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (n = 11) treated with Pegylated Interferon to 180 mcg per week and hepatitis C virus (n = 30) treated with a combination therapy associating pegylated Interferon to 180 mcg per week and Ribavirin assayed according to the genotype. Results: Out of 1860 patients seen in hepatogastroenterology consultation 422 had viral hepatitis B or C that is a prevalence of 22.7% and 41 patients were treated (9.7%) by Pegylated Interferon. Among these 41 patients mentioned earlier, 30 had HCV (73.17%) with a case of HIV + HVC co-infection, 11 patients had HBV (26.83%) including 3 cases of HBV + HDV co-infection. Patients’ age ranged from 24 - 69 years with an average of 49.2 ± 12.2 years including 46.5 years for HBV and 51.9 years for HCV. The sex ratio was 1.56. The original transaminases were on average 93.37 IU/l for AST and 110.47 for ALT. The average RNA HCV was 1,685,331 IU/ml and the DNA HBV 33,312,767 IU/ml. Patients with HCV were of genotype 1 in 56.66%, genotype 2 in 40% and one case of genotype 4 (3.34%) from Central Africa. Fibrosis score at institution of treatment was significant (≥A2 and/or ≥F2) in 86.9% of cases of Fibrotest®, 100% of cases of Fibrometer®. We observed 48.8% of neutropenia < 750/mm3, 33.3% of anemia and 29.3% of thrombocytopenia < 100,000/mm3. There was no dose reduction of Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin. For HBV there were 3 partial responses, 3 responders including 1 HBV + HDV co-infected non responder to HDV, 2 non responders including 1 HBV + HDV co-infected to Week 48. For HCV, there was 52.94% of cases of sustained viral response (SVR) including 44.44% of genotype 1, 83.33% of genotype 2 and 100% of genotype 4. Conclusion: The free antiviral treatment program helped treat 10% of chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Our results are not different from those of the literature. Difficulties remain in the performance of non supported diagnostic tests.
文摘BACKGROUNDThe majority of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have goodprognoses, but some develop a critical illness that can lead to death. Evidenceshows severe acute respiratory syndrome is closely related to the inducedcytokine storm. Interleukin-6 is a key player;its role in systemic inflammation iswell known.AIMTo evaluate the effect of tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist,on the outcomes for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.METHODSPubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, MedRxiv, Science Direct, and theCochrane Library were searched from inception to 9th June 2020 for observationalor prospective studies reporting results of hospitalized adult patients withCOVID-19 infection treated with TCZ. Effect sizes were reported as odds ratios(ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and an OR less than 1 was associatedwith a better outcome in those treated with TCZ.RESULTSOverall 13476 patients (33 studies;n = 3264 received TCZ) with COVID-19pneumonia and various degree of severity were included. Outcome wasimproved with TCZ. In the primary analysis (n = 19 studies reporting data),mortality was reduced in patients treated with TCZ (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.47-0.87;P < 0.01). In 9 studies where risk of death with TCZ use was controlled for othervariables mortality was reduced by 57% (OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.27-0.7;P < 0.01).Intensive care need (mechanical ventilation) was also reduced (OR = 0.36, 95%CI:0.14-0.89;P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONIn COVID-19-infected patients treated with TCZ, outcome may be improvedcompared to those not treated with TCZ.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the prevalence and types of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM)modalities among patients with cancer in Karachi,Pakistan.Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to December 2021.Five hundred patients with cancer were invited to participate in the study.Electronic databases,namely,Google scholar,Publons,EMBASE,PubMed,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,and ResearchGate was used for questionnaire designed.The self-administered survey included questions on demographic characteristics,education level,socio-economic conditions and information about CAM therapies,prevalence,effectiveness,and common CAM modalities.Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 22.Results:Out of the 500 invited patients,433(86.6%)successfully completed and returned the questionnaires.In contrast to patients who were with younger,highly educated,professionally active,higher income,and had advanced cancer,time since diagnosis,type of treatment,cancer types and family history are significantly associated with CAM use.The results showed that 59.8%of the participants were acquainted with complementary and/or alternative medicine and considered safe owing to its natural ingredients.The prevalence of CAM usage among cancer patients was 40.9%and the most widely used CAM modality was herbal medicine(27.7%)and dietary supplements(28.8%).Patients used CAM as a complementary therapy to improve the morphological parameter(28.2%),strengthen the immune system(6.8%),and to decrease the side effects of conventional treatment(18.1%).Most of the respondents get the information regarding CAM therapy from the electronic media(43.2%)and the family members(48%)rather than healthcare personnel.Conclusions:Participants used CAM modalities along with the conventional health care practices.Further multicentre studies should be conducted to provide information regarding the usage of CAM therapies and their eventual benefits in patients with cancer.
文摘Omega-3 fatty acids are one of the most used food supplements. However, atrial fibrillation has been recently presented as a rare adverse drug event following ingestion of high doses of this food supplement.
文摘The widespread use of disinfectants and various medications in response to the COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about their potential impact on the characteristics of natural waters. To assess the effect of the COVID-19 response on surface waters in Yaoundé, various physicochemical parameters of three rivers (Mfoundi, Tongolo, and Mingoa) were examined over 8 months. The selection of these rivers was based on their proximity to hospitals involved in COVID-19 patient management. Physico-chemical parameters were measured following standard protocols, and their spatiotemporal variations and the influence of various factors, were examined. The results revealed that, during the study period, the values for temperature (23˚C to 30˚C), dissolved oxygen (14% to 90%), pH (6.2 to 9.5), electrical conductivity (100 to 662 µS/cm), oxidability (0.19 to 42.19 mg/l), and suspended solids (1 to 725 mg/l) exhibited variations, except for total dissolved solids (30 to 470 mg/l), whose levels remained within the recommended limit (s = 0.812, P = 0.014) with oxidability levels in the Tongolo river. The COVID-19 response measures had a limited negative effect on the surface waters of Yaoundé during the study period. This could be attributed to the disproportionate application of hygiene measures among the city’s populations. Additionally, the lack of flow observed in certain rivers requires particular attention from authorities and the populations to safeguard the city’s ecosystems.
文摘Hirudotherapy has a broad spectrum of therapeutic application in the medical field ranging from cardiology,gynaecology,ophthalmology,plastic and reconstructive surgeries.In medieval and early modern medicine,leeches were used to remove blood from patients in an attempt to balance the biological humours.Leeches are widely used to treat venous congestion in microvascular replantation,free and conventional flap surgery and traumatology.Recently,Food and Drug Administration has approved the usage of live leeches as medical device for therapeutic applications.Presently,some of the leech species have declined dramatically in its population due to the over utilization of leech for medicinal purposes and also due to pollution in several parts of the world particularly in European and Asian countries.This review presents an overview of leech including the history,biology,classification,and its application as medical device.Further,it also covers the controversies and misconception related to leech species identification and complications of post hirudotherapy.
