Objective:To discuss the effect of Yaobitong capsule on histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion and on expression of p38 MARK phosphorylation in autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model of rats.Methods:A tota...Objective:To discuss the effect of Yaobitong capsule on histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion and on expression of p38 MARK phosphorylation in autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model of rats.Methods:A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group,model group and Yaobitong capsule group,with 20 rats in each group.The animal model of autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation around the lumbar nerve root was built.Three days after the modeling,rats were given the drugs for the first time,while rats in the model group were given the equivalent normal saline.After 30 d of continuous administration,samples were collected from rats.HE staining was performed on the dorsal root ganglion of L4 and L5 spinal cord of rats in each group and the expression of p38 MARK phosphorylation was measured.All data were treated with the statistical analysis.Results:The histological examination showed that the histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion in the Yaobitong capsule group was more significantly improved than the one in the model group,while the results of western blot showed that Yaobitong capsule could significandy inhibit the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation of dorsal root ganglion cells.Conclusions:Yaobitong capsule can improve the symptoms and nerve radiculopathy of autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation of rats and its mechanism may be associated with its inhibiting effect on the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation.展开更多
The U.S. is the largest country outside of the region to involve itself in the South China Sea dispute. U.S. policy on this issue is guided by the principle of containing China's rise and this will continue to be ...The U.S. is the largest country outside of the region to involve itself in the South China Sea dispute. U.S. policy on this issue is guided by the principle of containing China's rise and this will continue to be the case in the near future. Meanwhile, the U.S. has proposed a new multi-lateral security mechanism, incorporating itself, in the South China Sea. This article will put forward some reflections and suggestions on the above issues.展开更多
Dam construction industry has concerned specific attention to engineering economy,over the past years;so in this direction the topic of emergency fusegates has considered as a new technology since 1989,in all over the...Dam construction industry has concerned specific attention to engineering economy,over the past years;so in this direction the topic of emergency fusegates has considered as a new technology since 1989,in all over the world.Fusegate is a simple,safe,and robust structure in increasing live storage or spillway capacity and a mechanical equivalent of a fuse plug.Although the installation of gates with different types and heights might practically be difficult,but its lower annual cost,flexibility in operation and smaller wasted water resulting from gates tipping justifies their selection as a more desirable solution.In this paper,the fusegates of Sarough storage dam(Googerdchi)in West-Azerbaijan province is studied an analyzed.The fusegates are installed for the first time in Iran,on Sarough dam spillway instead of radial gates.By installing these gates,the storage capacity of the reservoir increased up to gates overhead level for about 10 mcm.Flood hydrograph in six different return periods(from 2 to 1000 years)of the dam,shows that dam capacity has increased by equipping with fusegates.In addition,a comparison discharge-time-reservoir level chart between 1st to 6th individual fusegate overthrow periods is done.展开更多
Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that affects the buildings and communities in developing countries.It causes different levels of damages to the buildings,making them uninhabitable for a period of time,calle...Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that affects the buildings and communities in developing countries.It causes different levels of damages to the buildings,making them uninhabitable for a period of time,called downtime(DT).This paper proposes a Fuzzy Logic hierarchical method to estimate the downtime of residential buildings in developing countries after an earthquake.The use of expert-based systems allows quantifying the indicators involved in the model using descriptive knowledge instead of hard data,accounting also for the un-certainties that may affect the analysis.The applicability of the methodology is illustrated using the information gathered after the 2015 Gorkha,Nepal,earthquake as a case study.On April 25,2015,Nepal was hit by the Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake,which damaged and destroyed more than 500.000 residential buildings.Information obtained from a Rapid Visual Damage Assessment(RVDA)is used through a hierarchical scheme to evaluate the building damageability.Sensitivity analysis based on Sobol method is implemented to evaluate the impor-tance of parameters gathered in the RVDA for building damage estimation.The findings of this work may be used to estimate the restoration time of damaged buildings in developing countries and to plan preventive safety measures.展开更多
In aerodynamics, the laminar or turbulent regime of a boundary layer has a strong influence on friction or heat transfer. In practical applications, it is sometimes necessary to trip the transition to turbulent, and a...In aerodynamics, the laminar or turbulent regime of a boundary layer has a strong influence on friction or heat transfer. In practical applications, it is sometimes necessary to trip the transition to turbulent, and a common way is by use of a roughness element （e.g. a step） on the wall. The present paper is concerned with the numerical im- plementation of such a trip in large-eddy simulations. The study is carried out on a flat-plate boundary layer con- figuration, with Reynolds number Rex=l.3x 106. First, this work brings the opportunity to introduce a practical methodology to assess convergence in large-eddy simulations. Second, concerning the trip implementation, a volume source term is proposed and is shown to yield a smoother and faster transition than a grid step. Moreover, it is easier to implement and more adaptable. Finally, two subgrid-scale models are tested： the WALE model of Nic0ud and Ducros （Flow Turbul. Combust., vol. 62, 1999） and the shear-improved Smagorinsky model of Ldv^que et al. （J. Fluid Mech., vol. 570, 2007）. Both models allow transition, but the former appears to yield a faster transition and a better prediction of friction in the turbulent regime.展开更多
Based on an analysis of China ＇s current pension system, the present paper indicates that risk control of pension fund management is a serious policy challenge for the Chinese Government. Although some reform efforts...Based on an analysis of China ＇s current pension system, the present paper indicates that risk control of pension fund management is a serious policy challenge for the Chinese Government. Although some reform efforts have been made, there are still serious institutional and capital market risks that are difficult to overcome but are key in the success of China＇s pension reform. To ensure a smooth transition in pension reform, China not only needs to build a better institutional framework and facilitate capital market development, but also raise the risk awareness of individual pensioners.展开更多
基金supported by Shandong Natural Science Fund(No.:Y2008C147)
文摘Objective:To discuss the effect of Yaobitong capsule on histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion and on expression of p38 MARK phosphorylation in autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation model of rats.Methods:A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group,model group and Yaobitong capsule group,with 20 rats in each group.The animal model of autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation around the lumbar nerve root was built.Three days after the modeling,rats were given the drugs for the first time,while rats in the model group were given the equivalent normal saline.After 30 d of continuous administration,samples were collected from rats.HE staining was performed on the dorsal root ganglion of L4 and L5 spinal cord of rats in each group and the expression of p38 MARK phosphorylation was measured.All data were treated with the statistical analysis.Results:The histological examination showed that the histomorphology of dorsal root ganglion in the Yaobitong capsule group was more significantly improved than the one in the model group,while the results of western blot showed that Yaobitong capsule could significandy inhibit the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation of dorsal root ganglion cells.Conclusions:Yaobitong capsule can improve the symptoms and nerve radiculopathy of autologous nucleus pulposus transplantation of rats and its mechanism may be associated with its inhibiting effect on the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation.
文摘The U.S. is the largest country outside of the region to involve itself in the South China Sea dispute. U.S. policy on this issue is guided by the principle of containing China's rise and this will continue to be the case in the near future. Meanwhile, the U.S. has proposed a new multi-lateral security mechanism, incorporating itself, in the South China Sea. This article will put forward some reflections and suggestions on the above issues.
文摘Dam construction industry has concerned specific attention to engineering economy,over the past years;so in this direction the topic of emergency fusegates has considered as a new technology since 1989,in all over the world.Fusegate is a simple,safe,and robust structure in increasing live storage or spillway capacity and a mechanical equivalent of a fuse plug.Although the installation of gates with different types and heights might practically be difficult,but its lower annual cost,flexibility in operation and smaller wasted water resulting from gates tipping justifies their selection as a more desirable solution.In this paper,the fusegates of Sarough storage dam(Googerdchi)in West-Azerbaijan province is studied an analyzed.The fusegates are installed for the first time in Iran,on Sarough dam spillway instead of radial gates.By installing these gates,the storage capacity of the reservoir increased up to gates overhead level for about 10 mcm.Flood hydrograph in six different return periods(from 2 to 1000 years)of the dam,shows that dam capacity has increased by equipping with fusegates.In addition,a comparison discharge-time-reservoir level chart between 1st to 6th individual fusegate overthrow periods is done.
基金This study was carried out within the RETURN Extended Partnership and received funding from the European Union Next-GenerationEU(Na-tional Recovery and Resilience Plan-NRRP,Mission 4,Component 2,Investment 1.3-D.D.12432/8/2022,PE0000005).
文摘Earthquake is one of the natural disasters that affects the buildings and communities in developing countries.It causes different levels of damages to the buildings,making them uninhabitable for a period of time,called downtime(DT).This paper proposes a Fuzzy Logic hierarchical method to estimate the downtime of residential buildings in developing countries after an earthquake.The use of expert-based systems allows quantifying the indicators involved in the model using descriptive knowledge instead of hard data,accounting also for the un-certainties that may affect the analysis.The applicability of the methodology is illustrated using the information gathered after the 2015 Gorkha,Nepal,earthquake as a case study.On April 25,2015,Nepal was hit by the Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake,which damaged and destroyed more than 500.000 residential buildings.Information obtained from a Rapid Visual Damage Assessment(RVDA)is used through a hierarchical scheme to evaluate the building damageability.Sensitivity analysis based on Sobol method is implemented to evaluate the impor-tance of parameters gathered in the RVDA for building damage estimation.The findings of this work may be used to estimate the restoration time of damaged buildings in developing countries and to plan preventive safety measures.
文摘In aerodynamics, the laminar or turbulent regime of a boundary layer has a strong influence on friction or heat transfer. In practical applications, it is sometimes necessary to trip the transition to turbulent, and a common way is by use of a roughness element （e.g. a step） on the wall. The present paper is concerned with the numerical im- plementation of such a trip in large-eddy simulations. The study is carried out on a flat-plate boundary layer con- figuration, with Reynolds number Rex=l.3x 106. First, this work brings the opportunity to introduce a practical methodology to assess convergence in large-eddy simulations. Second, concerning the trip implementation, a volume source term is proposed and is shown to yield a smoother and faster transition than a grid step. Moreover, it is easier to implement and more adaptable. Finally, two subgrid-scale models are tested： the WALE model of Nic0ud and Ducros （Flow Turbul. Combust., vol. 62, 1999） and the shear-improved Smagorinsky model of Ldv^que et al. （J. Fluid Mech., vol. 570, 2007）. Both models allow transition, but the former appears to yield a faster transition and a better prediction of friction in the turbulent regime.
文摘Based on an analysis of China ＇s current pension system, the present paper indicates that risk control of pension fund management is a serious policy challenge for the Chinese Government. Although some reform efforts have been made, there are still serious institutional and capital market risks that are difficult to overcome but are key in the success of China＇s pension reform. To ensure a smooth transition in pension reform, China not only needs to build a better institutional framework and facilitate capital market development, but also raise the risk awareness of individual pensioners.
