Thermal upgrading of vacuum residue mixed with waste plastics was studied in a laboratory scale delayed coking unit.The model of feed thermal decomposition was set up and the first order reaction kinetics was used to ...Thermal upgrading of vacuum residue mixed with waste plastics was studied in a laboratory scale delayed coking unit.The model of feed thermal decomposition was set up and the first order reaction kinetics was used to predict products distribution during the coking process.The distillate yield was higher(70%) for the vacuum residue/polystyrene(VR/PS) feed system and the vacuum residue/low density polyethylene(VR/LDPE) feed system.The resulted distillate yield was separated into fractions according to their boiling points,with gasoline and diesel being our fractions of concern.The activation energy was higher for gasoline production(around 60 kcal/mol) varying with the type of feed system,while it was 33 kcal/mol for diesel fraction.The regression coefficient R was 0.990.展开更多
1-Decene was oligomerized over the supported AlCl3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of temperature and LHSV on oligomerization of 1-decene were investigated and the synthetic PAO was characterized...1-Decene was oligomerized over the supported AlCl3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of temperature and LHSV on oligomerization of 1-decene were investigated and the synthetic PAO was characterized with GC technique. Furthermore, the life of immobilized catalyst was tested and the mechanism of catalyst deactivation was discussed. The results showed that with an increasing temperature, the PAO yield increased and the kinematic viscosity of oil decreased. The GC results indicated that the synthesized PAO was a mixture consisting of dimers, trimers, tetramers and pentamers. The results of chloride content measurements and BET tests showed that catalyst deactivation could be mainly attributed to the loss of active components.展开更多
The rheological properties of South China Sea （SCS） crude oil were studied. A group of synthetic long-chain polymers, including octadecyl acrylate-maleic anhydride bidodecyl amide copolymer （VR-D）, octadecyl acryl...The rheological properties of South China Sea （SCS） crude oil were studied. A group of synthetic long-chain polymers, including octadecyl acrylate-maleic anhydride bidodecyl amide copolymer （VR-D）, octadecyl acrylate-maleic anhydride bioctadecyl amide copolymer （VR-O） and octadecyl acrylate-maleic anhydride phenly amide copolymer （VR-A）, were employed to serve as viscosity reducers （VRs）. Their performance was evaluated by both experimental and computational methodologies. The results suggest that the SCS crude oil has low wax content yet high resin and asphaltene contents, which lead to high viscosity through formation of association structures. Additionally, the SCS crude oil appears to be a pseudoplastic fluid showing linear shear stress-shear rate dependence at low temperature. Interestingly, it gradually evolves into a Newtonian fluid with exponential relationship between shear stress and shear rate at higher temperature. Synthetic VRs demonstrate desirable and effective performance on improvement of the rheological properties of SCS crude oil. Upon the introduction of 1000ppm VR-O, which is synthesized by using octadecylamine in the aminolysis reaction, the viscosity of SCS crude oil is decreased by 44.2% at 15 ℃ and 40.2% at 40℃. The computational study suggests significant energy level increase and shear stress decrease for VR-containing crude oil systems.展开更多
Binderless zeolite is considered to be a potential alternative for binder-containing zeolite in the industrial applications of adsorptive separation process. Synthesized binderless zeolite and commercial binder-contai...Binderless zeolite is considered to be a potential alternative for binder-containing zeolite in the industrial applications of adsorptive separation process. Synthesized binderless zeolite and commercial binder-containing product were used in adsorptive separation of n-paraffins from a model oil, with their performance compared. It is indicated that the binderless zeolite exhibits by 25%-35% higher in saturated adsorption capacity and by 115%-130% more adsorption amount at the breakthrough point with much shorter length of mass-transfer zone. Adsorptive separation of n-paraffins from naphtha was carried out in a fixed-bed adsorber containing the synthesized binderless zeolite 5 A under the operating conditions covering a feed space velocity of 90 h-1 and an adsorption temperature of 573 K. As compared to original naphtha, the raffinate shows by 34 units more in research octane number and by around 10% more of potential aromatic content, while the desorption oil exhibits by 13.3% more ethylene yield and by 11.7% higher in total olefins yield.展开更多
Hydrogen production by water electrolysis is an important route for generating green hydrogen.However,the development of efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts is crucial for future industrial applications.Amorpho...Hydrogen production by water electrolysis is an important route for generating green hydrogen.However,the development of efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts is crucial for future industrial applications.Amorphous catalysts possess a large specific surface area with abundant structural defects.In addition,their structures can be tuned to provide more efficient active sites,leading to superior water electrolysis activity compared with their crystalline counterparts.In this review,we summarize recent progress on amorphous electrocatalysts for water splitting,with a focus on the reaction mechanisms under both acidic and alkaline conditions,catalyst synthesis,and the application of these catalysts to the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.Moreover,we highlight the current challenges and promising opportunities relating to amorphous catalysts for electrochemical water splitting.展开更多
Although the FCC process has been used for more than halfa century, new and important developments continue to be made in several areas. Some of these new developments are a direct response to environmental regulation...Although the FCC process has been used for more than halfa century, new and important developments continue to be made in several areas. Some of these new developments are a direct response to environmental regulation. Sulfur oxides （SOx-SO2＋SO3） emitted from fluid catalytic cracking units （FCCU） are one of the most hazardous atmospheric pollutants, which may cause serious environmental problems such as the formation of acid rain and the destruction of the ozone layer. Thus, great attention has been focused on the SOx removal from FCC in last few years. The present papers will focus on the spinel material studies include three samples they were prepared by acidic method, solid solution MgAl2O4, solid solution with cerium10%Ce/MgAl2O4, iron mixed spinel with cerium 10%Ce/MgAl2-xFeO4.MgO and two samples solid solution with cerium introduce by vanadium as second co-catalyst prepared by basic method, 1% V/10%Ce/MgAl2O4.MgO were tested in TGA for oxidation half cycle to study some parameters effect on performance of SOx additives in TGA under condition similar to those of FCC units. Thermogravimetry analysis experiments have been used to demonstrate the pick-up and release of sulfur oxides in the development of additives for SOx control in the FCCU.展开更多
Processes for the isomerization of light alkanes have been commercialized;however,the isomerization of paraffins(C_(n)H_(2n+2),n≥7)remains a challenge.On mesoporous tungsten-zirconia catalyst supported Pt catalysts(P...Processes for the isomerization of light alkanes have been commercialized;however,the isomerization of paraffins(C_(n)H_(2n+2),n≥7)remains a challenge.On mesoporous tungsten-zirconia catalyst supported Pt catalysts(Pt/WZrOx),initial isomerization productivity of 5249 moli-C7/molPt/h was obtained for n-heptane reforming at 275°C and 5 bar of hydrogen.展开更多
文摘Thermal upgrading of vacuum residue mixed with waste plastics was studied in a laboratory scale delayed coking unit.The model of feed thermal decomposition was set up and the first order reaction kinetics was used to predict products distribution during the coking process.The distillate yield was higher(70%) for the vacuum residue/polystyrene(VR/PS) feed system and the vacuum residue/low density polyethylene(VR/LDPE) feed system.The resulted distillate yield was separated into fractions according to their boiling points,with gasoline and diesel being our fractions of concern.The activation energy was higher for gasoline production(around 60 kcal/mol) varying with the type of feed system,while it was 33 kcal/mol for diesel fraction.The regression coefficient R was 0.990.
基金the SINOPEC Corporation for the financial support
文摘1-Decene was oligomerized over the supported AlCl3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of temperature and LHSV on oligomerization of 1-decene were investigated and the synthetic PAO was characterized with GC technique. Furthermore, the life of immobilized catalyst was tested and the mechanism of catalyst deactivation was discussed. The results showed that with an increasing temperature, the PAO yield increased and the kinematic viscosity of oil decreased. The GC results indicated that the synthesized PAO was a mixture consisting of dimers, trimers, tetramers and pentamers. The results of chloride content measurements and BET tests showed that catalyst deactivation could be mainly attributed to the loss of active components.
基金financially supported by the Training Program of the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.91634112)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant no.16ZR1408100)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(grant no.22A201514010)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-Ch E-16C01)the institutional funds from the Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering at Washington State University
文摘The rheological properties of South China Sea （SCS） crude oil were studied. A group of synthetic long-chain polymers, including octadecyl acrylate-maleic anhydride bidodecyl amide copolymer （VR-D）, octadecyl acrylate-maleic anhydride bioctadecyl amide copolymer （VR-O） and octadecyl acrylate-maleic anhydride phenly amide copolymer （VR-A）, were employed to serve as viscosity reducers （VRs）. Their performance was evaluated by both experimental and computational methodologies. The results suggest that the SCS crude oil has low wax content yet high resin and asphaltene contents, which lead to high viscosity through formation of association structures. Additionally, the SCS crude oil appears to be a pseudoplastic fluid showing linear shear stress-shear rate dependence at low temperature. Interestingly, it gradually evolves into a Newtonian fluid with exponential relationship between shear stress and shear rate at higher temperature. Synthetic VRs demonstrate desirable and effective performance on improvement of the rheological properties of SCS crude oil. Upon the introduction of 1000ppm VR-O, which is synthesized by using octadecylamine in the aminolysis reaction, the viscosity of SCS crude oil is decreased by 44.2% at 15 ℃ and 40.2% at 40℃. The computational study suggests significant energy level increase and shear stress decrease for VR-containing crude oil systems.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant 16ZR1408100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 91634112 and 21878097)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-ChE-16C01)
文摘Binderless zeolite is considered to be a potential alternative for binder-containing zeolite in the industrial applications of adsorptive separation process. Synthesized binderless zeolite and commercial binder-containing product were used in adsorptive separation of n-paraffins from a model oil, with their performance compared. It is indicated that the binderless zeolite exhibits by 25%-35% higher in saturated adsorption capacity and by 115%-130% more adsorption amount at the breakthrough point with much shorter length of mass-transfer zone. Adsorptive separation of n-paraffins from naphtha was carried out in a fixed-bed adsorber containing the synthesized binderless zeolite 5 A under the operating conditions covering a feed space velocity of 90 h-1 and an adsorption temperature of 573 K. As compared to original naphtha, the raffinate shows by 34 units more in research octane number and by around 10% more of potential aromatic content, while the desorption oil exhibits by 13.3% more ethylene yield and by 11.7% higher in total olefins yield.
基金We are thankful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20B6002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB4000205).
文摘Hydrogen production by water electrolysis is an important route for generating green hydrogen.However,the development of efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts is crucial for future industrial applications.Amorphous catalysts possess a large specific surface area with abundant structural defects.In addition,their structures can be tuned to provide more efficient active sites,leading to superior water electrolysis activity compared with their crystalline counterparts.In this review,we summarize recent progress on amorphous electrocatalysts for water splitting,with a focus on the reaction mechanisms under both acidic and alkaline conditions,catalyst synthesis,and the application of these catalysts to the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.Moreover,we highlight the current challenges and promising opportunities relating to amorphous catalysts for electrochemical water splitting.
文摘Although the FCC process has been used for more than halfa century, new and important developments continue to be made in several areas. Some of these new developments are a direct response to environmental regulation. Sulfur oxides （SOx-SO2＋SO3） emitted from fluid catalytic cracking units （FCCU） are one of the most hazardous atmospheric pollutants, which may cause serious environmental problems such as the formation of acid rain and the destruction of the ozone layer. Thus, great attention has been focused on the SOx removal from FCC in last few years. The present papers will focus on the spinel material studies include three samples they were prepared by acidic method, solid solution MgAl2O4, solid solution with cerium10%Ce/MgAl2O4, iron mixed spinel with cerium 10%Ce/MgAl2-xFeO4.MgO and two samples solid solution with cerium introduce by vanadium as second co-catalyst prepared by basic method, 1% V/10%Ce/MgAl2O4.MgO were tested in TGA for oxidation half cycle to study some parameters effect on performance of SOx additives in TGA under condition similar to those of FCC units. Thermogravimetry analysis experiments have been used to demonstrate the pick-up and release of sulfur oxides in the development of additives for SOx control in the FCCU.
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21725301,21932002,22005007,and 21821004)the National Key R&DProgram of China(no.2017YFB0602200)and the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(no.8206300246).B.Z.gratefully acknowledges the support of the Boya Postdoctoral Fellowship of Peking University(2019–2020)and the Junior Fellowship of Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science(BMS Junior Fellow,2020–2023).D.M.acknowledges support from the Tencent Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE and the support from OSSO state key lab。
文摘Processes for the isomerization of light alkanes have been commercialized;however,the isomerization of paraffins(C_(n)H_(2n+2),n≥7)remains a challenge.On mesoporous tungsten-zirconia catalyst supported Pt catalysts(Pt/WZrOx),initial isomerization productivity of 5249 moli-C7/molPt/h was obtained for n-heptane reforming at 275°C and 5 bar of hydrogen.
