In this study A549 cell viability, extracellular activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were investgated after incubation with quartz (KWC-Q4 and KWC-Q...In this study A549 cell viability, extracellular activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were investgated after incubation with quartz (KWC-Q4 and KWC-Q3), Nano-SiO2, and KWC-M, the micronucleaus test and comet assay was carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity. The results showed that, there were significant difference in the cell death rate and extracellular LDH activity compared with the control group, and appeared a good linear relationship in certain concentration range. All mineral particle tested can induce the increase of TNF-α after incubation with mineral powders at 200 μg/mL for 3h merely, and significant increase of IL-6 for 24h, the results indicated the inflammatory reaction can be triggered by the exposure of KWC-Q4, KWC-Q3, Nano-SiO2, and KWC-M. The micronucleus test result showed the MNF (Micronucleus frequency) listed as Nano-SiO2>KWC-Q3>KWC-Q4. There is no significant increase of KWC-M compared with the control group, maybe resulted from its high cell death rate at low concentration. The comet assay confirmed the genotoxicity of all samples tested, the DNA damage: KWC-M > Nano-SiO2 > KWC-Q4 > KWC-Q3.展开更多
Climate warming has substantially advanced the timing of spring leaf-out of woody species at middle and high latitudes,albeit with large differences.Insights in the spatial variation of this climate warming response m...Climate warming has substantially advanced the timing of spring leaf-out of woody species at middle and high latitudes,albeit with large differences.Insights in the spatial variation of this climate warming response may therefore help to constrain future trends in leaf-out and its impact on energy,water and carbon balances at global scales.In this study,we used in situ phenology observations of 38 species from 2067 study sites,distributed across the northern hemisphere in China,Europe and the United States,to investigate the latitudinal patterns of spring leaf-out and its sensitivity(S T,advance of leaf-out dates per degree of warming)and correlation(R_(T),partial correlation coefficient)to temperature during the period 1980-2016.Across all species and sites,we found that S_(T) decreased significantly by 0.15±0.02 d℃^(-1)°N^(-1),and R_(T) increased by 0.02±0.001°N^(-1)(both at P<0.001).The latitudinal patterns in R_(T) and S_(T) were explained by the differences in requirements of chilling and thermal forcing that evolved to maximize tree fitness under local climate,particularly climate predictability and summed precipitation during the pre-leaf-out season.Our results thus showed complicated spatial differences in leaf-out responses to ongoing climate warming and indicated that spatial differences in the interactions among environmental cues need to be embedded into large-scale phenology models to improve the simulation accuracy.展开更多
文摘In this study A549 cell viability, extracellular activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were investgated after incubation with quartz (KWC-Q4 and KWC-Q3), Nano-SiO2, and KWC-M, the micronucleaus test and comet assay was carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity. The results showed that, there were significant difference in the cell death rate and extracellular LDH activity compared with the control group, and appeared a good linear relationship in certain concentration range. All mineral particle tested can induce the increase of TNF-α after incubation with mineral powders at 200 μg/mL for 3h merely, and significant increase of IL-6 for 24h, the results indicated the inflammatory reaction can be triggered by the exposure of KWC-Q4, KWC-Q3, Nano-SiO2, and KWC-M. The micronucleus test result showed the MNF (Micronucleus frequency) listed as Nano-SiO2>KWC-Q3>KWC-Q4. There is no significant increase of KWC-M compared with the control group, maybe resulted from its high cell death rate at low concentration. The comet assay confirmed the genotoxicity of all samples tested, the DNA damage: KWC-M > Nano-SiO2 > KWC-Q4 > KWC-Q3.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.42025101)the Interna-tional Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC-STINT Project(Grant No.42111530181)+2 种基金the General Program of National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31770516)the 111 Project(Grant No.B18006)support from the Euro-pean Research Council through Synergy grant ERC-2013-SyG-610028“IMBALANCE-P”.
文摘Climate warming has substantially advanced the timing of spring leaf-out of woody species at middle and high latitudes,albeit with large differences.Insights in the spatial variation of this climate warming response may therefore help to constrain future trends in leaf-out and its impact on energy,water and carbon balances at global scales.In this study,we used in situ phenology observations of 38 species from 2067 study sites,distributed across the northern hemisphere in China,Europe and the United States,to investigate the latitudinal patterns of spring leaf-out and its sensitivity(S T,advance of leaf-out dates per degree of warming)and correlation(R_(T),partial correlation coefficient)to temperature during the period 1980-2016.Across all species and sites,we found that S_(T) decreased significantly by 0.15±0.02 d℃^(-1)°N^(-1),and R_(T) increased by 0.02±0.001°N^(-1)(both at P<0.001).The latitudinal patterns in R_(T) and S_(T) were explained by the differences in requirements of chilling and thermal forcing that evolved to maximize tree fitness under local climate,particularly climate predictability and summed precipitation during the pre-leaf-out season.Our results thus showed complicated spatial differences in leaf-out responses to ongoing climate warming and indicated that spatial differences in the interactions among environmental cues need to be embedded into large-scale phenology models to improve the simulation accuracy.
