Functional zoning is a key step for the integrated planning and scientific management of a national park.Selecting the Three-River-Source National Park(TNP)as the study area,this paper establishes an evaluation system...Functional zoning is a key step for the integrated planning and scientific management of a national park.Selecting the Three-River-Source National Park(TNP)as the study area,this paper establishes an evaluation system including 13 evaluation indexes which are classified into four categories,namely:ecosystem services;potential distribution of key species habitats;ecological sensitivity;and ecological resilience through the comprehensive analysis on the regional eco-environmental features in the study area.The results of the comprehensive analysis,combined with the functions and requirements of management of national parks,indicate that TNP is divided into the first-level zone(the core conservation area,the ecological restoration area and the traditional utilization area)with definite targets of space management and the second-level zone with implementation of control measures.This method of functional zoning lays a solid foundation for the scientific planning of TNP;moreover,our study provides new insights into other national parks’functional zoning.展开更多
The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National ...The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Province, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 World Heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled designation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmonious partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.展开更多
This paper examined visitors to Bukhansan National Park in Korea based on first-time and repeat visitation. Bukhansan National Park is Korea's most heavily visited national park with annual visitation of six milli...This paper examined visitors to Bukhansan National Park in Korea based on first-time and repeat visitation. Bukhansan National Park is Korea's most heavily visited national park with annual visitation of six million visitors in 2015. Data used in this article were collected on-site in the park in 2007 and 2013 by the Korea National Park Service(KNPS).The study variables included socio-demographics,travel behavior, motivation, and satisfaction with park attributes, services and facilities. Data were analyzed by each study year for first-time and repeat visitors.Results showed significant differences for both firsttime and repeat visitors on several socio-demographic,travel behavior, and motivation variables within each study year. For satisfaction with park attributes,facilities and services, first-time visitors were significantly different from repeat visitors on seven variables for both years. Implications are given regarding programs and services to improve visitor satisfaction and sustain the natural, cultural and historical resources at Bukhansan National Park and other national parks in Korea. Future research suggestions are provided to learn more about visitor characteristics, standards of quality and preferences in the national parks.展开更多
Curb parking lot is a major part of city parking facility with lots of problems, especially in CCA (citycenter area and it has a lot of advantages and has much effect on dynamic traffic as well. It is therefore necess...Curb parking lot is a major part of city parking facility with lots of problems, especially in CCA (citycenter area and it has a lot of advantages and has much effect on dynamic traffic as well. It is therefore necessaryto control the scale of curb parking. Basing the whole benefits of the traffic system and considering the minimumsynthetical cost on curb parking, a optimization model is brought forward of cur. b parking planning in CCAbased on minimum generalized cost. Based on this model, the scale of curb parking can be defined reasonablyto make the whole benefits of traffic system optimum in CCA.展开更多
Geological heritage inventory procedures and templates have been principally emerged from European countries. Each of these countries has developed its proper method of inventory based on its natural heritage, recogni...Geological heritage inventory procedures and templates have been principally emerged from European countries. Each of these countries has developed its proper method of inventory based on its natural heritage, recognized on local and/or regional scales. Natural sites were mainly identified and characterized in a particular geological context, which is usually very unique, valuable and impressive;resulting in the protection of the sites. Madagascar is known internationally as a beautifully landscaped island, but the impressive sites were not cataloged. We carried out a series of field inventory of potential geological sites within the Isalo National Park in southern Madagascar. We invented several inventory sheets in order to record the most detailed information about the sites identified within the park. This is to aid in organizing the park and to establish a sustainable base for the creation of a geopark, and also they help us to build a database for geosites and their classifications. This article suggests a prototype model for inventorying intangible geosites, paleosites and geomorphosites. Our inventory sheets help to identify and to promote geological importance of any sites, not only for academia but also for other sectors such as tourism and conservation.展开更多
A single nomenclature for national park terminology has evolved into a massive global data network from information gathered together from the past 140 years.This has been created using the most recent UNEP-WDPA data ...A single nomenclature for national park terminology has evolved into a massive global data network from information gathered together from the past 140 years.This has been created using the most recent UNEP-WDPA data and its 98483 national designation records from 192 countries,two other customized databases accommodating 2638 records of officially designated national parks from 184 jurisdictions around the globe,and 2064 records of extended Chinese national park sites.However,mushrooming designations and growing databases are posing significant challenges even though the IUCN and UNEP have both devoted efforts to build and promote a common language called the ＂System of Management Categories for Protected Areas＂.Thus conversely the best possible outcome and the worst confusion might have originated from the same objective that is known by the simple moniker as a national park.This is why much more work needs to be done to enhance communication among different stakeholders from the world.In this paper,the authors are intending to demonstrate that China＇s government agencies should boost a dialogue with the UNEP-WDPA operating staff in order that the current innovative national park programs are recognized by the global community.Meanwhile,the authors also recommend that IUCN needs to revise and refresh the current protected area classification system for the purpose of effectively servicing the diverse stakeholders in such a diversified world of national park systems around the globe.展开更多
Based on development data relating to China–Africa International Cooperation Parks(CAICPs)from 2003 to 2018,this study examined the transnational investment network of CAICPs using the social network analysis method....Based on development data relating to China–Africa International Cooperation Parks(CAICPs)from 2003 to 2018,this study examined the transnational investment network of CAICPs using the social network analysis method.The number of CAICPs is increasing.Textiles and apparel,agricultural and food processing,trade logistics and management,building materials and construction,and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing are the leading industries chosen by most CAICPs.These parks have promoted the economic and social development of African countries,driving the urbanization of the regions in which the parks are located,and they have also benefited China.The network of CAICPs involves China,African countries,and third-party investors.The network is becoming increasingly complex and has an increasingly high density.However,the key node countries and provincial units remain relatively stable despite changes in the network structure.The center of gravity of the network has shown noticeable deviations and regression,and inter-provincial investment cooperation has also been increasing.China–Africa cooperation drives the evolution of the network.In China,the investment of enterprises in Africa is affected by domestic policy,economic pursuit,and investment security.In Africa,the development of CAICPs is driven by development policies and achievements,and it is influenced by African countries’business environments.展开更多
National parks as protected areas have been on the spotlight because they are essential in achieving ecological civilization in China.Despite the profound achievements of national parks to conserve nature,the benefits...National parks as protected areas have been on the spotlight because they are essential in achieving ecological civilization in China.Despite the profound achievements of national parks to conserve nature,the benefits of national parks for local residents remain lacking.Under the theory of harmonious coexistence between human and nature,this study focused on the development of local people’s livelihood in Qinghai’s national parks.We systematically explored the establishment of the national parks in Qinghai Province,analyzed the current prob-lems,and provided the main measures for developing people’s livelihood in protected areas in Qinghai.This study put forward the viewpoint that national parks should set a long-term goal,and gradually advance based on the environmental conditions and appropriately prioritize the improvement of local people’s wellbeing in the future.展开更多
An investigation of lanthanum oxide(La_(2)O_(3))addition to tungsten heavy alloy(WHA)with a ternary composition of W-7 Ni-3 Fe was reported in this study.The mixed powders were sintered using spark plasma sintering(SP...An investigation of lanthanum oxide(La_(2)O_(3))addition to tungsten heavy alloy(WHA)with a ternary composition of W-7 Ni-3 Fe was reported in this study.The mixed powders were sintered using spark plasma sintering(SPS)technique.La_(2)O_(3)was added in increments of 0.25 wt%,0.50 wt%,0.75 wt%and 1.00 wt%to WHA,respectively.The sintered samples were characterized for microstructural evolution and mechanical properties.The influences of La_(2)O_(3)addition on density,grain size,hardness,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and ductility on W-7 Ni-3 Fe system were discussed in this study.The highest relative sintered density of 87.95%was obtained for 0.25 wt%La_(2)O_(3)addition to W-7 Ni-3 Fe.The lowest grain size of 7.89μm was observed for 1.00 wt%La_(2)O_(3)addition.Similarly,the highest hardness and UTS of HV 533 and1110 MPa,respectively,were also obtained for the same composition.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)of the samples revealed homogenous distribution of La_(2)O_(3)in the alloy matrix.Fractography of the sintered alloy samples revealed W-W intergranular fracture.展开更多
Many environmental factors have been shown to adversely influence birth weight,and new insight has been gained into＇seasonal programming＇.We studied a total of 23,064 infants.The mean birth weight varied across seas...Many environmental factors have been shown to adversely influence birth weight,and new insight has been gained into＇seasonal programming＇.We studied a total of 23,064 infants.The mean birth weight varied across seasons.Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the crude and adjusted odds ratios（ORs）for dichotomous outcomes（e.g.,macrosomia,low birth weight）.展开更多
Increasing use on mountain summits has both social and ecological implications.High numbers of visitors climbing mountain summits can be a safety issue,particularly in areas where terrain or elevation leads to queuein...Increasing use on mountain summits has both social and ecological implications.High numbers of visitors climbing mountain summits can be a safety issue,particularly in areas where terrain or elevation leads to queueing that may cause time delays.Estimating visitor use levels at site specific locations en route to summits is needed to understand the potential benefits and impacts of visitor use in these locations.However,it can be difficult to obtain reliable and robust data to estimate use and develop statistical relationships because of the remote and harsh climates on mountain summits,as well as the financial and personnel requirements involved to collect the data in remote locations.In 2015,data were collected on the higher stretches of the Keyhole Route on Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park,USA(RMNP)to better understand use levels near the summit and to explore potential statistical relationships to trailhead use data that are relatively easy to collect.Strong statistical relationships from robust regression analyses were found between trailhead use counts and daily and hourly use totals on the"Homestretch"which is a final section of the Keyhole Route.Additionally,a strong statistical relationship was found between total daily use and maximum hourly use on the Homestretch.The results suggest that trailhead counts are an accurate and reliable means from which to estimate use levels on upper portions of the Keyhole route.Moreover,this research demonstrates the usefulness of an approach using proxy variables to estimate visitor use along remote peaks where data collection can be difficult.These types of data can elucidate various options and decisions for park management teams who are charged with deciding if and how to manage high use areas.展开更多
Adaptations to extreme environmental conditions are intriguing. Animal skin, which directly interacts with external environment, plays diverse and important roles in adaptive evolution. The thin and bare skin of amphi...Adaptations to extreme environmental conditions are intriguing. Animal skin, which directly interacts with external environment, plays diverse and important roles in adaptive evolution. The thin and bare skin of amphibians is sensitive to external environmental conditions and, thus, it facilitates investigations into adaptations for living in extreme environments. Herein, we compare the structures of skin in four anuran species living at elevations ranging from 100 m to 4500 m to assess phenotypic innovations in the skin of Nanorana parkeri, which lives at extremely high elevations. Analyses reveal similar basic skin structures, but N. parkeri differs from the other species by having more epidermal capillaries and granular glands, which correlate highly with responses to hypoxia and/or ultraviolet(UV) radiation. Further intraspecific comparisons from frogs taken at ~4500 m and ~2900 m reveal that all of the changes are fixed. Changes occurring only in the higher elevation population, such as possessing more skin pigments, may represent local adaptations to coldness and/or UV radiation. These results provide a morphological basis for understanding further the molecular adaptations of these frogs.展开更多
一.Park Avenue Medical Center简介 Park Avenue Medical Center是曼哈顿第一家将MRI与CT影像技术带出医院的民间放射专科中心，位于美国纽约曼哈顿，每年有6万次检查数。工作站包括Reading Room8间、Medical Records2台、PET／CT2台...一.Park Avenue Medical Center简介 Park Avenue Medical Center是曼哈顿第一家将MRI与CT影像技术带出医院的民间放射专科中心，位于美国纽约曼哈顿，每年有6万次检查数。工作站包括Reading Room8间、Medical Records2台、PET／CT2台、MRI1台、Ultrasound4台、CTScan5台；RIS工作站数量48；PACST作站数量22；展开更多
From 1989-2009, 1,430 bear management report forms collected at Brooks Camp, KNP （Katmai National Park）, were placed in 1 of 9 categories representing bear-human interactions of concern. Using non-parametrical stati...From 1989-2009, 1,430 bear management report forms collected at Brooks Camp, KNP （Katmai National Park）, were placed in 1 of 9 categories representing bear-human interactions of concern. Using non-parametrical statistics the categories identified dominance interactions, fish-related dominance interactions, food obtained, food-related incidents, fish stolen, property damage, and use of deterrents either decreasing or exhibiting no significant trends over time. Aggressive behavior by bears towards park staff in bear management situations increased. An elevated walkway and platform at Brooks Falls and an electric fence at the campground marked significant decrease in bear-human interactions in these areas. Changes in fishing regulations in 1998 marked significant decreases in number of fish stolen. Changes in minimum distance regulations in 2003 marked no change in number of dominance interactions or bluff charges. Efforts to facilitate visitor traffic in areas around the floating bridge have marked significant increases in number of bear-human interactions. Management and policy efforts have been successful in minimizing bear-human interactions. Habituation of bears to human activity has likely contributed to both minimizing general interactions and increased aggressive bear behavior towards management staff. This study provides examples of successful adaptive management tactics for bears and humans in a visitor oriented setting.展开更多
In this paper,status quo of development in Zhenjiang Wanshan Hongbian Modern Agricultural Science Park is studied,and some problems are pointed out,such as unreasonable staffing structure and weak self-financing abili...In this paper,status quo of development in Zhenjiang Wanshan Hongbian Modern Agricultural Science Park is studied,and some problems are pointed out,such as unreasonable staffing structure and weak self-financing ability.Talent introduction strategy and branding and standardization strategy are proposed,and financing channels should be widened.Meanwhile,agricultural production structure should be adjusted,and science and technology services should be promoted.The research aims to provide the reference for sustainable development of similar modern agricultural science park in China.展开更多
This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable developmen...This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of modern agricultural science and technology parks in China.It is found that at present,the agricultural science and technology park in China is in the stage of quantitative development,neglecting the qualitative construction of the park.This paper points out that the balanced relationship among ecology,economy and society should be adjusted to promote the sustainable development of the park.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the benefit sharing mechanism(BSM)pilot policy on sustainable use of non-timber forest products(NTFPs)and natural resources conservation in co-management forest of Bach Ma N...This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the benefit sharing mechanism(BSM)pilot policy on sustainable use of non-timber forest products(NTFPs)and natural resources conservation in co-management forest of Bach Ma National Park.Evaluation methods were route and permanent plot survey,household interview,in-depth interview,village meeting,group discussion and workshop at commune level.Results showed that:(1)the BSM policy had brought favorable conditions for local people in sustainable use and development of the NTFPs,as well as minimised the threats to biodiversity in co-managed forest;(2)the harvest amounts of seven selected NTFPs after two years of the BSM policy implementation were higher than growth rate of every NTFP and the permitted harvest amounts of the benefit sharing plans(BSP);(3)although there was a risk of over-exploitation of the NTFPs,the annual yields in 2013 and 2014 were much lower,but more sustainable than that before the BSM implementation;(4)the forest protection status in the co-management areas was also better than before.Additionally,this study has also defined and recommended that in order to continue the BSM,it is necessary to ensure the sustainable exploitation of NTFPs,as well as implement more enforcement activities inside the co-management forest area.展开更多
This article is concerned with analyzes of experience of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ as an important part of the innovation infrastructure of the Novosibirsk region. In this article the authors are formulated prioritie...This article is concerned with analyzes of experience of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ as an important part of the innovation infrastructure of the Novosibirsk region. In this article the authors are formulated priorities for the development of an innovative economy： The promotion of investment growth in production infrastructure and innovation, increasing the orientation of research institutions to the needs of the real economy, the development of entrepreneurship in all sectors of the economy and the creation of necessary conditions. The article considers the key elements of innovation infrastructure. Also program ＂Development of high-tech industry and which Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ implements the this article is given a brief description of the complex target innovation in the industry to the city of Novosibirsk in 2020＂, in concept of technopark of distributed type, when the Technopark is built in the form of structural and autonomous innovation and technology centers established by the territorial-branch principle in conjunction with partner organizations. The analysis of the stories of success （and failure） of residents of Technopark is described in this article. Based on this analysis, which highlights the main factors contributing to the achievement of commercially meaningful results. These include training as an essential component of the innovation infrastructure. Describes the international educational programs implemented by the Innovative Technology Center ＂Education＂ at the Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management. It is noted that the most important result of the operation of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ was working out a model of public-private partnership that has allowed Technopark flourish, creating a network of specialized centers of innovation and technology. Finally the authors conclude that at the present time in Russia on almost all the basic elements of support for innovative entrepreneurship are created. At the same time a significant part of the difficulties cause problems originating from the external environment of business innovation展开更多
Poaching of wildlife has continued to be the major problem confronting national parks managers in Nigeria in spite of effort being made to curb the ugly trend. This paper examined the anti-poaching programme of the Cr...Poaching of wildlife has continued to be the major problem confronting national parks managers in Nigeria in spite of effort being made to curb the ugly trend. This paper examined the anti-poaching programme of the Cross River National Park Okwango Division Nigeria from 2002 to 2013, with a view to making recommendations for the improvement of the programme. Focused group discussions, personal interviews, review of official records and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Analysis of variance using randomized complete block design and student’s t-test were used to analyse data. Result showed that 1 - 5 arrests of poachers per month per patrol station was significantly (P 0.05) in the number of poachers arrested and fined between 2002 to 2006 and 2007 to 2011. The low performance of the anti-poaching programme was attributed to poorly equipped rangers’ posts as well as well the absence of alternative livelihood options in the enclave and surrounding communities. It was recommended that more rangers should be employed, and the rangers should be adequately kitted, well equipped patrol stations be constructed and the enclave and surrounding communities be involved in the management of the National Park in addition to providing them with alternative livelihood options.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2017YFC0503806
文摘Functional zoning is a key step for the integrated planning and scientific management of a national park.Selecting the Three-River-Source National Park(TNP)as the study area,this paper establishes an evaluation system including 13 evaluation indexes which are classified into four categories,namely:ecosystem services;potential distribution of key species habitats;ecological sensitivity;and ecological resilience through the comprehensive analysis on the regional eco-environmental features in the study area.The results of the comprehensive analysis,combined with the functions and requirements of management of national parks,indicate that TNP is divided into the first-level zone(the core conservation area,the ecological restoration area and the traditional utilization area)with definite targets of space management and the second-level zone with implementation of control measures.This method of functional zoning lays a solid foundation for the scientific planning of TNP;moreover,our study provides new insights into other national parks’functional zoning.
基金Lab Construction Support Funding for Returned Oversea Scholars, Ministry of Education, No.[2003]18
文摘The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Province, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 World Heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled designation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmonious partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.
基金the Socio-Environmental Research Lab(SERL)at Texas A&M UniversityTexas Agri Life Research for their support of this research
文摘This paper examined visitors to Bukhansan National Park in Korea based on first-time and repeat visitation. Bukhansan National Park is Korea's most heavily visited national park with annual visitation of six million visitors in 2015. Data used in this article were collected on-site in the park in 2007 and 2013 by the Korea National Park Service(KNPS).The study variables included socio-demographics,travel behavior, motivation, and satisfaction with park attributes, services and facilities. Data were analyzed by each study year for first-time and repeat visitors.Results showed significant differences for both firsttime and repeat visitors on several socio-demographic,travel behavior, and motivation variables within each study year. For satisfaction with park attributes,facilities and services, first-time visitors were significantly different from repeat visitors on seven variables for both years. Implications are given regarding programs and services to improve visitor satisfaction and sustain the natural, cultural and historical resources at Bukhansan National Park and other national parks in Korea. Future research suggestions are provided to learn more about visitor characteristics, standards of quality and preferences in the national parks.
文摘Curb parking lot is a major part of city parking facility with lots of problems, especially in CCA (citycenter area and it has a lot of advantages and has much effect on dynamic traffic as well. It is therefore necessaryto control the scale of curb parking. Basing the whole benefits of the traffic system and considering the minimumsynthetical cost on curb parking, a optimization model is brought forward of cur. b parking planning in CCAbased on minimum generalized cost. Based on this model, the scale of curb parking can be defined reasonablyto make the whole benefits of traffic system optimum in CCA.
文摘Geological heritage inventory procedures and templates have been principally emerged from European countries. Each of these countries has developed its proper method of inventory based on its natural heritage, recognized on local and/or regional scales. Natural sites were mainly identified and characterized in a particular geological context, which is usually very unique, valuable and impressive;resulting in the protection of the sites. Madagascar is known internationally as a beautifully landscaped island, but the impressive sites were not cataloged. We carried out a series of field inventory of potential geological sites within the Isalo National Park in southern Madagascar. We invented several inventory sheets in order to record the most detailed information about the sites identified within the park. This is to aid in organizing the park and to establish a sustainable base for the creation of a geopark, and also they help us to build a database for geosites and their classifications. This article suggests a prototype model for inventorying intangible geosites, paleosites and geomorphosites. Our inventory sheets help to identify and to promote geological importance of any sites, not only for academia but also for other sectors such as tourism and conservation.
基金Lab Construction Support Funding for Returned Oversea Scholars,Ministry of Education,No.[2003]18
文摘A single nomenclature for national park terminology has evolved into a massive global data network from information gathered together from the past 140 years.This has been created using the most recent UNEP-WDPA data and its 98483 national designation records from 192 countries,two other customized databases accommodating 2638 records of officially designated national parks from 184 jurisdictions around the globe,and 2064 records of extended Chinese national park sites.However,mushrooming designations and growing databases are posing significant challenges even though the IUCN and UNEP have both devoted efforts to build and promote a common language called the ＂System of Management Categories for Protected Areas＂.Thus conversely the best possible outcome and the worst confusion might have originated from the same objective that is known by the simple moniker as a national park.This is why much more work needs to be done to enhance communication among different stakeholders from the world.In this paper,the authors are intending to demonstrate that China＇s government agencies should boost a dialogue with the UNEP-WDPA operating staff in order that the current innovative national park programs are recognized by the global community.Meanwhile,the authors also recommend that IUCN needs to revise and refresh the current protected area classification system for the purpose of effectively servicing the diverse stakeholders in such a diversified world of national park systems around the globe.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.52078115China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)Program of International Collaboration Platform for Science and Technology Organizations in Belt and Road Countries,No.2022ZZGJB041422。
文摘Based on development data relating to China–Africa International Cooperation Parks(CAICPs)from 2003 to 2018,this study examined the transnational investment network of CAICPs using the social network analysis method.The number of CAICPs is increasing.Textiles and apparel,agricultural and food processing,trade logistics and management,building materials and construction,and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing are the leading industries chosen by most CAICPs.These parks have promoted the economic and social development of African countries,driving the urbanization of the regions in which the parks are located,and they have also benefited China.The network of CAICPs involves China,African countries,and third-party investors.The network is becoming increasingly complex and has an increasingly high density.However,the key node countries and provincial units remain relatively stable despite changes in the network structure.The center of gravity of the network has shown noticeable deviations and regression,and inter-provincial investment cooperation has also been increasing.China–Africa cooperation drives the evolution of the network.In China,the investment of enterprises in Africa is affected by domestic policy,economic pursuit,and investment security.In Africa,the development of CAICPs is driven by development policies and achievements,and it is influenced by African countries’business environments.
基金This work was funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expe-dition and Research(STEP)program(Grant No.2019QZKK0501)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA2002030302)+1 种基金Joint Grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences-People’s Government of Qinghai Province on Sanjiangyuan Na-tional Park(Grant No.LHZX-2020-01)Construction Fund for Qing-hai Key Laboratories(Grant No.2017-ZJ-Y23).
文摘National parks as protected areas have been on the spotlight because they are essential in achieving ecological civilization in China.Despite the profound achievements of national parks to conserve nature,the benefits of national parks for local residents remain lacking.Under the theory of harmonious coexistence between human and nature,this study focused on the development of local people’s livelihood in Qinghai’s national parks.We systematically explored the establishment of the national parks in Qinghai Province,analyzed the current prob-lems,and provided the main measures for developing people’s livelihood in protected areas in Qinghai.This study put forward the viewpoint that national parks should set a long-term goal,and gradually advance based on the environmental conditions and appropriately prioritize the improvement of local people’s wellbeing in the future.
文摘An investigation of lanthanum oxide(La_(2)O_(3))addition to tungsten heavy alloy(WHA)with a ternary composition of W-7 Ni-3 Fe was reported in this study.The mixed powders were sintered using spark plasma sintering(SPS)technique.La_(2)O_(3)was added in increments of 0.25 wt%,0.50 wt%,0.75 wt%and 1.00 wt%to WHA,respectively.The sintered samples were characterized for microstructural evolution and mechanical properties.The influences of La_(2)O_(3)addition on density,grain size,hardness,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and ductility on W-7 Ni-3 Fe system were discussed in this study.The highest relative sintered density of 87.95%was obtained for 0.25 wt%La_(2)O_(3)addition to W-7 Ni-3 Fe.The lowest grain size of 7.89μm was observed for 1.00 wt%La_(2)O_(3)addition.Similarly,the highest hardness and UTS of HV 533 and1110 MPa,respectively,were also obtained for the same composition.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)of the samples revealed homogenous distribution of La_(2)O_(3)in the alloy matrix.Fractography of the sintered alloy samples revealed W-W intergranular fracture.
基金partially supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81370719)Suzhou Science&Technology Project(SYS201405)Suzhou Key Technologies of Prevention and Control of Major Disease and Infectious Diseases(Gwzx201506)
文摘Many environmental factors have been shown to adversely influence birth weight,and new insight has been gained into＇seasonal programming＇.We studied a total of 23,064 infants.The mean birth weight varied across seasons.Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the crude and adjusted odds ratios（ORs）for dichotomous outcomes（e.g.,macrosomia,low birth weight）.
基金supported by the Rocky Mountain National Park,cooperative agreement number P15AC00895 with Utah State Universitthe Utah State Agricultural Experiment Stationthe Institute for Outdoor Recreation and Tourism for funding support
文摘Increasing use on mountain summits has both social and ecological implications.High numbers of visitors climbing mountain summits can be a safety issue,particularly in areas where terrain or elevation leads to queueing that may cause time delays.Estimating visitor use levels at site specific locations en route to summits is needed to understand the potential benefits and impacts of visitor use in these locations.However,it can be difficult to obtain reliable and robust data to estimate use and develop statistical relationships because of the remote and harsh climates on mountain summits,as well as the financial and personnel requirements involved to collect the data in remote locations.In 2015,data were collected on the higher stretches of the Keyhole Route on Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park,USA(RMNP)to better understand use levels near the summit and to explore potential statistical relationships to trailhead use data that are relatively easy to collect.Strong statistical relationships from robust regression analyses were found between trailhead use counts and daily and hourly use totals on the"Homestretch"which is a final section of the Keyhole Route.Additionally,a strong statistical relationship was found between total daily use and maximum hourly use on the Homestretch.The results suggest that trailhead counts are an accurate and reliable means from which to estimate use levels on upper portions of the Keyhole route.Moreover,this research demonstrates the usefulness of an approach using proxy variables to estimate visitor use along remote peaks where data collection can be difficult.These types of data can elucidate various options and decisions for park management teams who are charged with deciding if and how to manage high use areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant (31671326 and 31871275)supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Science, China
文摘Adaptations to extreme environmental conditions are intriguing. Animal skin, which directly interacts with external environment, plays diverse and important roles in adaptive evolution. The thin and bare skin of amphibians is sensitive to external environmental conditions and, thus, it facilitates investigations into adaptations for living in extreme environments. Herein, we compare the structures of skin in four anuran species living at elevations ranging from 100 m to 4500 m to assess phenotypic innovations in the skin of Nanorana parkeri, which lives at extremely high elevations. Analyses reveal similar basic skin structures, but N. parkeri differs from the other species by having more epidermal capillaries and granular glands, which correlate highly with responses to hypoxia and/or ultraviolet(UV) radiation. Further intraspecific comparisons from frogs taken at ~4500 m and ~2900 m reveal that all of the changes are fixed. Changes occurring only in the higher elevation population, such as possessing more skin pigments, may represent local adaptations to coldness and/or UV radiation. These results provide a morphological basis for understanding further the molecular adaptations of these frogs.
文摘一.Park Avenue Medical Center简介 Park Avenue Medical Center是曼哈顿第一家将MRI与CT影像技术带出医院的民间放射专科中心，位于美国纽约曼哈顿，每年有6万次检查数。工作站包括Reading Room8间、Medical Records2台、PET／CT2台、MRI1台、Ultrasound4台、CTScan5台；RIS工作站数量48；PACST作站数量22；
文摘From 1989-2009, 1,430 bear management report forms collected at Brooks Camp, KNP （Katmai National Park）, were placed in 1 of 9 categories representing bear-human interactions of concern. Using non-parametrical statistics the categories identified dominance interactions, fish-related dominance interactions, food obtained, food-related incidents, fish stolen, property damage, and use of deterrents either decreasing or exhibiting no significant trends over time. Aggressive behavior by bears towards park staff in bear management situations increased. An elevated walkway and platform at Brooks Falls and an electric fence at the campground marked significant decrease in bear-human interactions in these areas. Changes in fishing regulations in 1998 marked significant decreases in number of fish stolen. Changes in minimum distance regulations in 2003 marked no change in number of dominance interactions or bluff charges. Efforts to facilitate visitor traffic in areas around the floating bridge have marked significant increases in number of bear-human interactions. Management and policy efforts have been successful in minimizing bear-human interactions. Habituation of bears to human activity has likely contributed to both minimizing general interactions and increased aggressive bear behavior towards management staff. This study provides examples of successful adaptive management tactics for bears and humans in a visitor oriented setting.
文摘In this paper,status quo of development in Zhenjiang Wanshan Hongbian Modern Agricultural Science Park is studied,and some problems are pointed out,such as unreasonable staffing structure and weak self-financing ability.Talent introduction strategy and branding and standardization strategy are proposed,and financing channels should be widened.Meanwhile,agricultural production structure should be adjusted,and science and technology services should be promoted.The research aims to provide the reference for sustainable development of similar modern agricultural science park in China.
文摘This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of modern agricultural science and technology parks in China.It is found that at present,the agricultural science and technology park in China is in the stage of quantitative development,neglecting the qualitative construction of the park.This paper points out that the balanced relationship among ecology,economy and society should be adjusted to promote the sustainable development of the park.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the benefit sharing mechanism(BSM)pilot policy on sustainable use of non-timber forest products(NTFPs)and natural resources conservation in co-management forest of Bach Ma National Park.Evaluation methods were route and permanent plot survey,household interview,in-depth interview,village meeting,group discussion and workshop at commune level.Results showed that:(1)the BSM policy had brought favorable conditions for local people in sustainable use and development of the NTFPs,as well as minimised the threats to biodiversity in co-managed forest;(2)the harvest amounts of seven selected NTFPs after two years of the BSM policy implementation were higher than growth rate of every NTFP and the permitted harvest amounts of the benefit sharing plans(BSP);(3)although there was a risk of over-exploitation of the NTFPs,the annual yields in 2013 and 2014 were much lower,but more sustainable than that before the BSM implementation;(4)the forest protection status in the co-management areas was also better than before.Additionally,this study has also defined and recommended that in order to continue the BSM,it is necessary to ensure the sustainable exploitation of NTFPs,as well as implement more enforcement activities inside the co-management forest area.
文摘This article is concerned with analyzes of experience of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ as an important part of the innovation infrastructure of the Novosibirsk region. In this article the authors are formulated priorities for the development of an innovative economy： The promotion of investment growth in production infrastructure and innovation, increasing the orientation of research institutions to the needs of the real economy, the development of entrepreneurship in all sectors of the economy and the creation of necessary conditions. The article considers the key elements of innovation infrastructure. Also program ＂Development of high-tech industry and which Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ implements the this article is given a brief description of the complex target innovation in the industry to the city of Novosibirsk in 2020＂, in concept of technopark of distributed type, when the Technopark is built in the form of structural and autonomous innovation and technology centers established by the territorial-branch principle in conjunction with partner organizations. The analysis of the stories of success （and failure） of residents of Technopark is described in this article. Based on this analysis, which highlights the main factors contributing to the achievement of commercially meaningful results. These include training as an essential component of the innovation infrastructure. Describes the international educational programs implemented by the Innovative Technology Center ＂Education＂ at the Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management. It is noted that the most important result of the operation of Technopark ＂Novosibirsk＂ was working out a model of public-private partnership that has allowed Technopark flourish, creating a network of specialized centers of innovation and technology. Finally the authors conclude that at the present time in Russia on almost all the basic elements of support for innovative entrepreneurship are created. At the same time a significant part of the difficulties cause problems originating from the external environment of business innovation
文摘Poaching of wildlife has continued to be the major problem confronting national parks managers in Nigeria in spite of effort being made to curb the ugly trend. This paper examined the anti-poaching programme of the Cross River National Park Okwango Division Nigeria from 2002 to 2013, with a view to making recommendations for the improvement of the programme. Focused group discussions, personal interviews, review of official records and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Analysis of variance using randomized complete block design and student’s t-test were used to analyse data. Result showed that 1 - 5 arrests of poachers per month per patrol station was significantly (P 0.05) in the number of poachers arrested and fined between 2002 to 2006 and 2007 to 2011. The low performance of the anti-poaching programme was attributed to poorly equipped rangers’ posts as well as well the absence of alternative livelihood options in the enclave and surrounding communities. It was recommended that more rangers should be employed, and the rangers should be adequately kitted, well equipped patrol stations be constructed and the enclave and surrounding communities be involved in the management of the National Park in addition to providing them with alternative livelihood options.
