Background: Patients with rheumatic diseases have profound alterations in the immune system as a result of underlying diseases and the treatments used, which increases the risk of occurrence and severity of infections...Background: Patients with rheumatic diseases have profound alterations in the immune system as a result of underlying diseases and the treatments used, which increases the risk of occurrence and severity of infections, including enteroparasitosis. The current treatment for rheumatoid arthritis involves immunosuppressive therapies powerfully needed for screening infectious processes. The prevalence of parasitic infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients is not currently documented in literature. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of parasitic diseases in a population with RA. Methods: We collected demographic and socioeconomic data from 67 patients at the Hospital Universitário de Brasília from July 2015 to April 2016. All patients underwent a parasitological examination of their stool and multiple variables were analyzed using Poisson regression method. Results: The mean age of patients was 53.9 years. They were predominantly in women (94%) and caucasian (47.8%). The mean disease duration was 9.2 years and most patients had the disease in remission or light activity. The prevalence of parasitic infections in these patients was 11.9%, all cases being that of protozoa of the following species: Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli. The final multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of disease had a significant statistical relationship between the presence of enteroparasitosis and rheumatoid arthritis with no fatigue by VAS (p = 0.0488) and best current health index by VAS (p = 0.0012). Conclusion: This study indicates that the prevalence of enteroparasitoses in a population with Rheumatoid Arthritis was 11.9% and all cases were found of protozoa.展开更多
Non-human primates(NHPs)serve as necessary reservoir hosts of parasites that create diseases to human.A close interaction between human and NHP can make a pathway for transmission of zoonotic diseases.To prevent zoono...Non-human primates(NHPs)serve as necessary reservoir hosts of parasites that create diseases to human.A close interaction between human and NHP can make a pathway for transmission of zoonotic diseases.To prevent zoonotic infection of zoo keepers,park visitors as well as keeping the captive NHPs in healthy state,it is necessary to carry out regular parasitological examination and treatment.A total of 72 fecal samples of Olive Baboon(n=39)and Common Langur(n=33)irrespective of their age and sex were collected from two zoological gardens of Bangladesh.Eggs and oocysts of seven gastrointestinal(GI)parasites were observed and identified in samples of both host species.The prevalence of GI parasites recorded was 100%.In case of Olive Baboon,the protozoan prevalence was higher(53.83%)than that of helminths,but opposite scenario was seen in case of Common Langur.Besides,higher intensity of coccidian oocysts in both hosts was recorded in the study.展开更多
Heart failure(HF)is a complex clinical syndrome that promotes high morbidity and multi-systemic damage.Skeletal muscle can be directly affected by HF through a loss of physical capacity and various inflammatory,hormon...Heart failure(HF)is a complex clinical syndrome that promotes high morbidity and multi-systemic damage.Skeletal muscle can be directly affected by HF through a loss of physical capacity and various inflammatory,hormonal,and metabolic mechanisms observed in this cardiac condition,which collectively contribute to a high prevalence of sarcopenia in HF patients.Therefore,the aim of this review was to compile the main recent clinical and epidemiological data on muscle health in HF patients.Nine studies were selected from systematic reviews and clinical trials,which demonstrated a high prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with HF,particularly in males,hospitalized patients,the elderly,and those with HF with reduced ejection fraction.Oxidative stress markers and higher levels of natriuretic peptides were also observed in HF patients who exhibited damaged muscle parameters.Furthermore,the overall deterioration of prognosis in HF was associated with criteria defining sarcopenia,such as low muscle strength and lean mass loss.These findings reinforce the importance of evaluating skeletal muscle in HF patients,which can provide improvements in morbidity and functionality.展开更多
In this study,we explore a spherically symmetric charged black hole(BH)with a negative cosmological constant under the influence of a Kalb-Ramond field background.We compute the photon sphere and shadow radii,validati...In this study,we explore a spherically symmetric charged black hole(BH)with a negative cosmological constant under the influence of a Kalb-Ramond field background.We compute the photon sphere and shadow radii,validating our findings using observational data from the Event Horizon Telescope,with a particular emphasis on the shadow images of Sagittarius A^(*).Furthermore,we investigate the greybody factors,emission rate,and partial absorption cross section.It is shown that the Lorentz-violating parameter l has an important effect on the absorption cross section.Our analysis also includes an examination of the topological charge,temperature-dependent topology,and generalized free energy.In particular,we regard the AdS charged BH with an antisymmetric tensor background as a topological defect in the thermodynamic space,then the system has the same topological classification to the charged Reissner-Nordström-AdS BH.展开更多
Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodst...Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and greatly increasing morbidity,mortality,and healthcare costs,accounting for 12%-25%of annual mortality in the USA.The corre sponding preventive measures include the use of antibiotic and antiseptic coatings,impregnated catheters,and maximally sterile barrier techniques,but they are often ineffective,particularly against biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This review focuses on strategies for fabricating antimicrobial CVCs,e.g.,the use of antifouling materials,antimicrobial nanoparti cles(NPs),and surface functionalization,covering both commercially available solutions and those investigated.Additionally,w e explore the materials and processing technologies used to fabricate antimicrobial CVCs,emphasizing their advantages and challenges in industrial and clinical applications.Finally,we discuss the potential of inorganic NPs and the origin of their antimicrobial activity,providing insights for future advances in infection prevention that will help improve the patients’life quality.展开更多
Mexican oregano(Lippia graveolens Kunth)is an aromatic species of high culinary and medicinal relevance.In Mexico,more than 40 taxa with characteristic aroma and flavor are commercially recognized as oregano,with L.gr...Mexican oregano(Lippia graveolens Kunth)is an aromatic species of high culinary and medicinal relevance.In Mexico,more than 40 taxa with characteristic aroma and flavor are commercially recognized as oregano,with L.graveolens being the most widely distributed and economically important.Despite its relevance,few domesticated or semi-domesticated cultivars exist,and wild populations remain the main source of raw material,raising concerns regarding sustainability and quality standardization.The essential oil and oleoresins of L.graveolens possess recognized bioactivity,including antioxidant,antifungal,antibacterial,and anti-inflammatory properties,largely attributed to phenolic compounds such as thymol and carvacrol.Given the increasing global demand for natural bioactives and functional foods,optimizing cultivation practices is essential to enhance both the yield and phytochemical quality of this species.This study evaluated the effect of organic fertilization(0,5,10,and 15 t ha^(−1)of vermicompost)on the phenolic profile,flavonoid content,and antioxidant capacity of oregano oleoresin obtained from a semi-domesticated population across three harvests.The highest phenolic concentration(≈500 mg GAE g^(−1)extract)and greatest antioxidant activity(ABTS>3.5×10^(5)μmol TE g^(−1)extract)were observed at the 5 t ha^(−1)dose during the second harvest.Flavonoid content peaked in the third harvest(480-620 mg QE g^(−1)extract),whereas the unfertilized control exhibited the highest DPPH activity in the first harvest.Overall,the results indicate that vermicompost dosage and harvest timing substantially influence the functional quality of L.graveolens.Moderate organic fertilization,particularly 5 t ha^(−1),enhances the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites,underscoring its potential for sustainable production systems.展开更多
Esophageal stricture refers to a pathological narrowing of the esophageal lumen,causing dysphagia and impairing the patient's quality of life.There are various etiologies including esophageal malignancy,peptic inj...Esophageal stricture refers to a pathological narrowing of the esophageal lumen,causing dysphagia and impairing the patient's quality of life.There are various etiologies including esophageal malignancy,peptic injury,caustic ingestion,postsurgical anastomosis,radiation therapy,and inflammatory disorders such as eosinophilic esophagitis.The primary goal in managing esophageal strictures is to relieve dysphagia by maintaining luminal patency.Endoscopic dilation remains the mainstay of treatment for most benign strictures,with either bougie or balloon dilators.For patients who develop refractory or recurrent strictures that are difficult to manage with dilation alone,adjunctive therapies like intralesional steroid injections,topical or injected mitomycin C,incisional therapy,stent placement,and finally surgery may enhance outcomes and reduce the frequency of repeat procedures.The present review focuses on the basics of dilation and adjunctive strategies for the management of esophageal stricture.展开更多
Ultra-processed foods(UPFs)are believed to contribute to the development of multiple chronic inflammatory diseases,including inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic syndrome,based on epidemiological studies and emer...Ultra-processed foods(UPFs)are believed to contribute to the development of multiple chronic inflammatory diseases,including inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic syndrome,based on epidemiological studies and emerging preclinical and clinical research.Several aspects of food processing and for-mulation in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases are currently being studied.Ongoing research emphasizes epidemiological evidence and mechanistic insights regarding UPFs and their interaction with the intestinal microbiota.In this review,we explore UPFs,their interaction with the intestinal microbiota,and the implications for gastrointestinal health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder influenced by both behavioral and genetic factors.Among epigenetic regulators,the ANRIL gene has been proposed as a risk factor for periodontitis;however,fin...BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder influenced by both behavioral and genetic factors.Among epigenetic regulators,the ANRIL gene has been proposed as a risk factor for periodontitis;however,findings on the association between ANRIL polymorphisms and disease susceptibility remain inconsistent.AIM To analyze the association between the rs1333048 genetic polymorphism in the ANRIL gene and periodontitis via meta-analysis.METHODS A literature search was performed for studies published before May 2,2025.The Review Manager statistical program was used in analyses with calculations of heterogeneity index(I^(2))and odds ratio(OR)with 95%of confidence intervals(CI).Begg’s test and the Egger’s linear regression test were used for publication bias evaluation using Comprehensive meta-analysis software.P<0.05 was considered significant.da Silva FRP et al.ANRIL gene and periodontitis:A meta-analysis WJMA https://www.wjgnet.com 2 December 18,2025 Volume 13 Issue 4 RESULTS From 12 studies including 5489 participants across multiple ethnic groups,we observed a statistically significant association between ANRIL gene polymorphisms and periodontitis in the allelic contrast model(OR=1.2495%CI:1.15-1.34,P<0.00001).Conversely,the wild-type allele was significantly associated with the control group(OR=0.8095%CI:0.75-0.87,P<0.00001).Heterogeneity was low(I²=28%,Pheterogeneity=0.17),and no significant risk of publication bias was detected(P>0.05).CONCLUSION In conclusion,this meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between the rs1333048 polymorphism and periodontitis in the overall analysis and in stratified analyses of Caucasian populations,but in for mixed-race populations.展开更多
We study the confinement of a spinless charged particle to a spherical quantum dot under the influence of a linear electric field.The spherical quantum dot is described by a short-range potential given by the power-ex...We study the confinement of a spinless charged particle to a spherical quantum dot under the influence of a linear electric field.The spherical quantum dot is described by a short-range potential given by the power-exponential potential.Then,by analysing the region near the spherical quantum dot centre,we discuss two cases where the energy levels can be obtained for s-waves and how the linear electric field modifies the spectrum of energy of the spherical quantum dot.展开更多
Rocky outcrops function as island-like environmental filters and pivotal ecological refuges for local and regional biodiversity,with their inherent topographic and microclimatic dynamics directly shaping vegetation co...Rocky outcrops function as island-like environmental filters and pivotal ecological refuges for local and regional biodiversity,with their inherent topographic and microclimatic dynamics directly shaping vegetation composition and distribution across slopes.This study inventoried the flora of a rocky outcrop slope within Brazil's Caatinga biome,a seasonally dry tropical forest,to analyze species distribution patterns and their relationship with microtopographic conditions.The slope was stratified into base,middle and top segments according to slope gradient,with specimens collected over seven months of field expeditions,followed by taxonomic processing to compile a floristic inventory.The survey documented 60 species,53 genera,and 28 families,with Fabaceae,Euphorbiaceae,and Malvaceae emerging as the most representative families;herbaceous species dominated,followed by trees and shrubs.Species richness declined along the topographic gradient as altitude increased,with 43%of flora comprising species widespread across Brazilian biomes and 20%endemic to the Caatinga.Variations in species distribution across slope positions suggest that topographic heterogeneity may drive distinct pedological and microclimatic conditions,directly influencing vegetation dynamics in rock outcrops.These findings underscore the role of microtopography in structuring plant communities in harsh environments.展开更多
The application of different coatings on solar photovoltaic(PV)panels can be an efficient solution to increase performance and further mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases.This study uses the Life Cycle Assessmen...The application of different coatings on solar photovoltaic(PV)panels can be an efficient solution to increase performance and further mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases.This study uses the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology and the environmental payback concept to analyze the effects of the application of a nano-silica coating on a solar PV system installed in the Brazilian Northeast.Firstly,an uncoated reference 16.4 MW PV system is designed,and the detailed inventory is presented(PV panels,supporting structure,inverters,junction boxes,cables,transportation,maintenance and operation-including the replacement of equipment).The results of the LCA quantify the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the PV system.Electricity production is estimated by technical and local climate data.Subsequently,the environmental payback time of the system is calculated,which is the time required for the PV system to offset the emissions associated with system manufacturing,operation,and disposal.This is the first Brazilian study to verify the effects of a self-cleaning coating on a solar PV system throughout its lifetime,compared to the uncoated(reference system).The original photovoltaic system emitted 22,534,773 kg CO_(2)-eq,with an environmental payback of 5 years and 1 day.When the self-cleaning coating is applied,the emissions are 21,511,317 kg CO_(2)-eq(almost 5%lower)with a payback of 4 years,1 month and 26 days.The application of self-cleaning coatings reduces the required area for installation(due to increased efficiency),and not only reduces emissions but is also aligned with global sustainability targets and contributes to the concept of sustainable and intelligent cities.展开更多
Land use/land cover(LULC)change monitoring is critical for understanding environmental and socioeconomic processes and to identify patterns that may affect current and future land management.Forest cover evolution in ...Land use/land cover(LULC)change monitoring is critical for understanding environmental and socioeconomic processes and to identify patterns that may affect current and future land management.Forest cover evolution in the Mediterranean region has been studied to better understand forest succession,wildfires potential,and carbon stock assessment for climate change mitigation,among other reasons.However,though multiple sources of current LULC exist,data from last century's forest cover are less common,and are normally still reliant on locally orthophoto-interpreted data,making continuous maps of historical forest cover relatively uncommon.In this work,a pipeline based on image segmentation and random forest LULC modeling was developed to process three high resolution orthophotos(1956,1989,and 2021)into LULC continuous land cover maps of Spain's island of Ibiza.Next,they were combined to quantify forest evolution of Mediterranean Aleppo pine(Pinus halepensis Mill.)and to generate a continuous map of forest age classes.Our models were able to differentiate forestland with an accuracy higher than 80%in all cases,and were able to approximate forestland cover change since the mid-twentieth century,estimating 21,165±252 ha(37.0±0.4%)in 1956,27,099±472 ha(46.8±0.8%)in 1989,and 30,195±302 ha(52.8±0.5%)in 2021,with a mean increase of 139±6 ha(0.46±0.02%,calculated from current forest cover estimate)per year.The most important variables for the identification of the forestland were the terrain slope and the image gray level or color information in all orthophotos.When combining the information from the three periods,the analysis of forest evolution revealed that a significant portion of current forest cover,approximately 15,776 ha,fell within the 75-120 year age range,while 5388 ha fell within the range of 42-74 years,and 9022 ha within the 10-41 years forest age class.Younger forests,except when mapped after known wildfires,were not considered due to the limitations of the methodology.When compared to forest age data based on ground measurements,significant differences were found among each of the remotely sensed forest age classes,with a mean difference of 13 years between the theoretical age class central value and the real observed plot average age.Overall,63%of the forest inventory plots were assigned with the correct forest age class.This work will allow a better understanding of long-term Mediterranean forest dynamics and will help landowners and policymakers to better respond to new landscape planning challenges and achieve sustainable development goals.展开更多
In this editorial,we discuss the recent article by Regassa et al,published in the World Journal of Diabetes,which highlights the potential role of platelet indices(PI)in predicting poor glucoregulation in patients wit...In this editorial,we discuss the recent article by Regassa et al,published in the World Journal of Diabetes,which highlights the potential role of platelet indices(PI)in predicting poor glucoregulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with T2DM,there is a constant need to find new and accessible methods for predicting and treating individuals with this condition.The pathophysiology of T2DM involves systemic inflammation,metabolic dysfunction,and an increased risk of vascular injury,which are commonly associated with the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications,such as cardiovascular diseases and neuropathies.The link between these complications and T2DM requires further elucidation but may be explained by prolonged exposure to high glycemic levels and increased advanced glycation end products.PI might play an important role in determining whether some individuals are prone to poor glucoregulation.Recent evidence encourages the scientific efforts to demonstrate the consistency of this role and its applicability in monitoring glucoregulation,underscoring the importance of the study by Regassa et al.展开更多
Rolling noise is produced by vibration of the wheels and track,induced by their combined surface roughness.It is important to know the relative contributions of the different sources,as this affects noise control stra...Rolling noise is produced by vibration of the wheels and track,induced by their combined surface roughness.It is important to know the relative contributions of the different sources,as this affects noise control strategies as well as acceptance testing of new rolling stock.Three different techniques are described that aim to use pass-by measurements to separate the wheel and track components of rolling noise.One is based on the TWINS model,which is tuned to measured track vibration.The second is based on the advanced transfer path analysis method,which provides an entirely experimental assessment.The third is based on the pass-by analysis method in combination with static vibroacoustic transfer functions which are obtained using a reciprocity method.The development of these methods is described and comparisons between them are presented using the results from three experimental measurement campaigns.These covered a metro train,a regional train and a high-speed train at a range of speeds.The various methods agree reasonably well in terms of overall trends,with moderate agreement in the mid-frequency region,and less consistent results at low and high frequency.展开更多
The Northeast region is the main producer of guava in Brazil,generating employment and income.However,water availability means that producer’s resort to using water with high salinity,which harms plant development,es...The Northeast region is the main producer of guava in Brazil,generating employment and income.However,water availability means that producer’s resort to using water with high salinity,which harms plant development,especially during the seedling formation phase.The adoption of techniques that mitigate the deleterious effect of salinity is increasingly necessary,such as the use of elicitors such as ascorbic acid.The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphophysiology of guava seedlings under saline and ascorbic acid levels.The study was carried out by applying treatments composed of five saline levels(SL=0.3;1.3;2.3;3.3 and 4.3 dS m^(-1))and four levels of ascorbic acid—AA(0,200,400,and 600 mg L^(-1)),in a 5×4 factorial arrangement,adopting a randomized block design.Gas exchange and growth of guava seedlings are limited from 0.3 dS m^(-1).Using 400 mg L^(-1)of AA reduces damage from salinity on stomatal conductance,transpiration,and net assimilation rate up to the estimated SL of 1.80 dS m^(-1).In contrast,AA level 412 mg L^(-1)increased instantaneous water use efficiency up to the salinity of 2.3 dS m^(-1).AA level of 600 mg L^(-1)attenuated salt stress effects on leaf area and height/stem diameter ratio up to SL of 2.05 dS m^(-1).The number of leaves and the absolute and relative growth rates were stimulated by AA under the lowest saline level.展开更多
The duration of snow cover has shortened in the boreal region,and the amount of seasonal snow decreased.This affects the coupling between soil and air temperatures and may thus lead to colder soil and deeper soil fros...The duration of snow cover has shortened in the boreal region,and the amount of seasonal snow decreased.This affects the coupling between soil and air temperatures and may thus lead to colder soil and deeper soil frost.We prevented snow reaching the forest floor for two winters in mature boreal forest and studied how that affects tree and forest floor processes.The studied species were Scots pine,Norway spruce,silver birch,and a dwarf shrub bilberry.Decreased soil temperature,due to the lack of snow cover,decreased forest floor respiration in winter and spring.Simultaneously,response of respiration to temperature seemed to increase,perhaps due to the exposure of forest floor vegetation to cold air temperature.Indeed,lack of snow cover induced mortality of bilberry,but the remaining ramets grew more in height and their average leaf size was larger likely to compensate for the lost plant biomass.Lack of snow cover also affected tree hydraulics as tree water uptake was decreased in spring,and the start of the sap season delayed in birch.Pine and birch tended to grow less in the snow exclusion treatment(differences not statistically significant),whereas spruce grew more.Coarse root traits,e.g.water content and cellular frost damages,were not affected by the snow exclusion treatment.The results of this case study increase our understanding on the effects of changing snow cover on spring-time tree and forest floor processes in mature boreal forest,but also reveal the need for further studies on mature trees.展开更多
Force control merged with motion control represent the fundamental low level requirements for the most complex tasks to be performed by any robot.In particular,robust motion and force controllers allow robots to deal ...Force control merged with motion control represent the fundamental low level requirements for the most complex tasks to be performed by any robot.In particular,robust motion and force controllers allow robots to deal with real-world uncertainties among other disturbances.In this paper,an admittance-based force controller using the Active Disturbance Rejection Control approach is proposed,which allows to perform robot force control without a force sensor.In addition,a theoretical synthesis of the control law including an extended state observer for the estimation of the robot–surface force interaction and their formal stability analysis is presented.The validation of the proposal is depicted by numerical simulations using the dynamical model of a two degrees of freedom robot manipulator,for both a constant and a time-varying force control tasks with an unknown curved surface,while considering joint measurement noise and force sensors noise and an external disturbance force.展开更多
Developing high-efficient flame-retardant coatings is crucial for fire safety polymer and battery fields.Traditional intumescent coatings and ceramifiable coatings struggle to provide immediate and prolonged protectio...Developing high-efficient flame-retardant coatings is crucial for fire safety polymer and battery fields.Traditional intumescent coatings and ceramifiable coatings struggle to provide immediate and prolonged protection simultaneously,which limits the applicability.To address this,an innovative bi-layered coating with organic/nano-inorganic additives is inspired by differential response behaviors,enabling relay response effect with both fast-acting and extended protection.Specifically,two layers function continuously in the form of a relay.With a mere 320 microns,the bi-layered coating withstands fire temperatures of up to 1400℃for at least 900 s.Consequently,the coating effective prevented burn through in aluminum plates and glass fabric-reinforced epoxy resin,which otherwise were burned through in 135 and 173 s,respectively.Meanwhile,the bi-layered coating suppressed the formation and decomposition of solid interface layer in lithium soft-package batteries,leading to prolonged electrochemical stability and fire safety.Additionally,the bi-layered coating with a fast response endows polyurethane foam with rapid self-extinguishing,preventing ignition even under exposure to strong fire of 1400℃.Shortly,our work offers new insights into the design and development of thin,high-performance,and multi-application flame-retardant coatings.展开更多
Advancing 3D magnesium(Mg)development beyond current limitations requires controlling Mg alloy degradation in pre-designed,low-dimension architectures.This study reveals a mechanistic switch in the corrosion behavior ...Advancing 3D magnesium(Mg)development beyond current limitations requires controlling Mg alloy degradation in pre-designed,low-dimension architectures.This study reveals a mechanistic switch in the corrosion behavior of Mg alloy(3.6%Al,0.8%Zn)diamond lattice structures,induced by plasma nanosynthesis(400 eV Ar^(+)ions,fluence 1×10^(17) ions/cm^(2)).Plasma treatment of the Mg alloy increases surface Mg from 1.5%to 14.5%,enhances carbonate formation,and generates a nanostructured surface with a Mg carbonate layer over an oxide/hydroxide layer.In vitro and in vivo analyses over 8 wk demonstrate how this treatment fundamentally alters the degradation process and stability of these 3D architectures.While untreated samples initially formed a protective film that subsequently diminished,DPNS-treated samples demonstrated an inverse corrosion behavior.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)confirmed the presence of a stable,protective layer composed of magnesium oxide,magnesium hydroxide,and magnesium carbonate on the DPNS-treated surfaces.After 14 days,the DPNS-treated sample exhibited a more positive corrosion potential(-0.69 V versus-1.36 V)and a marginally lower current density(0.73 mA/cm^(2)compared to 0.75 mA/c^(2))relative to the control.This protective layer,combined with modified surface topology,initiated a core-to-periphery degradation pattern that maintained structural integrity for up to 8 wk post-implantation.These findings support the conclusion that the DPNS-treated scaffold demonstrates sustained improved corrosion resistance over time compared to the untreated control.Micro-CT revealed plasma-treated samples retained larger struts(504.9±95.3μm at 8 wk)and formed larger H_(2) pockets extending 14.2 mm from the implant center,versus 4.9 mm in controls.This corrosion behavior switch enhances stability but risks pore clogging,offering insights for tailoring Mg alloy degradation and H_(2) evolution in 3D architectures for biomedical applications.展开更多
文摘Background: Patients with rheumatic diseases have profound alterations in the immune system as a result of underlying diseases and the treatments used, which increases the risk of occurrence and severity of infections, including enteroparasitosis. The current treatment for rheumatoid arthritis involves immunosuppressive therapies powerfully needed for screening infectious processes. The prevalence of parasitic infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients is not currently documented in literature. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of parasitic diseases in a population with RA. Methods: We collected demographic and socioeconomic data from 67 patients at the Hospital Universitário de Brasília from July 2015 to April 2016. All patients underwent a parasitological examination of their stool and multiple variables were analyzed using Poisson regression method. Results: The mean age of patients was 53.9 years. They were predominantly in women (94%) and caucasian (47.8%). The mean disease duration was 9.2 years and most patients had the disease in remission or light activity. The prevalence of parasitic infections in these patients was 11.9%, all cases being that of protozoa of the following species: Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli. The final multivariate analysis indicated that the presence of disease had a significant statistical relationship between the presence of enteroparasitosis and rheumatoid arthritis with no fatigue by VAS (p = 0.0488) and best current health index by VAS (p = 0.0012). Conclusion: This study indicates that the prevalence of enteroparasitoses in a population with Rheumatoid Arthritis was 11.9% and all cases were found of protozoa.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
文摘Non-human primates(NHPs)serve as necessary reservoir hosts of parasites that create diseases to human.A close interaction between human and NHP can make a pathway for transmission of zoonotic diseases.To prevent zoonotic infection of zoo keepers,park visitors as well as keeping the captive NHPs in healthy state,it is necessary to carry out regular parasitological examination and treatment.A total of 72 fecal samples of Olive Baboon(n=39)and Common Langur(n=33)irrespective of their age and sex were collected from two zoological gardens of Bangladesh.Eggs and oocysts of seven gastrointestinal(GI)parasites were observed and identified in samples of both host species.The prevalence of GI parasites recorded was 100%.In case of Olive Baboon,the protozoan prevalence was higher(53.83%)than that of helminths,but opposite scenario was seen in case of Common Langur.Besides,higher intensity of coccidian oocysts in both hosts was recorded in the study.
文摘Heart failure(HF)is a complex clinical syndrome that promotes high morbidity and multi-systemic damage.Skeletal muscle can be directly affected by HF through a loss of physical capacity and various inflammatory,hormonal,and metabolic mechanisms observed in this cardiac condition,which collectively contribute to a high prevalence of sarcopenia in HF patients.Therefore,the aim of this review was to compile the main recent clinical and epidemiological data on muscle health in HF patients.Nine studies were selected from systematic reviews and clinical trials,which demonstrated a high prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with HF,particularly in males,hospitalized patients,the elderly,and those with HF with reduced ejection fraction.Oxidative stress markers and higher levels of natriuretic peptides were also observed in HF patients who exhibited damaged muscle parameters.Furthermore,the overall deterioration of prognosis in HF was associated with criteria defining sarcopenia,such as low muscle strength and lean mass loss.These findings reinforce the importance of evaluating skeletal muscle in HF patients,which can provide improvements in morbidity and functionality.
基金supported by the Doctoral Foundation of Zunyi Normal University of China (BS [2022] 07)Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba (FAPESQ)+5 种基金Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientíıfico e Tecnológico (CNPq)-[150891/2023-7] for the financial supportsupported by the Q-CAYLE project, funded by the European Union-Next Generation UE/MICIU/Plan de Recuperacion, Transformacion y Resiliencia/Junta de Castilla y Leon (PRTRC17.11)by project PID2023-148409NB-I00, funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Financial support of the Department of Education of the Junta de Castilla y LeonFEDER FundsExcellence project Fo S UHK 2203/2025-2026 for the financial support
文摘In this study,we explore a spherically symmetric charged black hole(BH)with a negative cosmological constant under the influence of a Kalb-Ramond field background.We compute the photon sphere and shadow radii,validating our findings using observational data from the Event Horizon Telescope,with a particular emphasis on the shadow images of Sagittarius A^(*).Furthermore,we investigate the greybody factors,emission rate,and partial absorption cross section.It is shown that the Lorentz-violating parameter l has an important effect on the absorption cross section.Our analysis also includes an examination of the topological charge,temperature-dependent topology,and generalized free energy.In particular,we regard the AdS charged BH with an antisymmetric tensor background as a topological defect in the thermodynamic space,then the system has the same topological classification to the charged Reissner-Nordström-AdS BH.
基金supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the project CDRSP funding(DOI:10.54499/UID/04044/2025 and ARISE funding(DOI:1054499/LA/P/0112/2020)the grant awarded to TP(10.54499/2020.09198.BD)+3 种基金the funding to JRD(10.54499/CEECINST/00060/2021/CP2902/CT0005)supported by INOV.AM-Inovação em Fabricação Aditiva,02-C05-i01.01-2022Nanofilm(CENTRO 2030-FEDER-01469100)Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on).
文摘Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and greatly increasing morbidity,mortality,and healthcare costs,accounting for 12%-25%of annual mortality in the USA.The corre sponding preventive measures include the use of antibiotic and antiseptic coatings,impregnated catheters,and maximally sterile barrier techniques,but they are often ineffective,particularly against biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This review focuses on strategies for fabricating antimicrobial CVCs,e.g.,the use of antifouling materials,antimicrobial nanoparti cles(NPs),and surface functionalization,covering both commercially available solutions and those investigated.Additionally,w e explore the materials and processing technologies used to fabricate antimicrobial CVCs,emphasizing their advantages and challenges in industrial and clinical applications.Finally,we discuss the potential of inorganic NPs and the origin of their antimicrobial activity,providing insights for future advances in infection prevention that will help improve the patients’life quality.
文摘Mexican oregano(Lippia graveolens Kunth)is an aromatic species of high culinary and medicinal relevance.In Mexico,more than 40 taxa with characteristic aroma and flavor are commercially recognized as oregano,with L.graveolens being the most widely distributed and economically important.Despite its relevance,few domesticated or semi-domesticated cultivars exist,and wild populations remain the main source of raw material,raising concerns regarding sustainability and quality standardization.The essential oil and oleoresins of L.graveolens possess recognized bioactivity,including antioxidant,antifungal,antibacterial,and anti-inflammatory properties,largely attributed to phenolic compounds such as thymol and carvacrol.Given the increasing global demand for natural bioactives and functional foods,optimizing cultivation practices is essential to enhance both the yield and phytochemical quality of this species.This study evaluated the effect of organic fertilization(0,5,10,and 15 t ha^(−1)of vermicompost)on the phenolic profile,flavonoid content,and antioxidant capacity of oregano oleoresin obtained from a semi-domesticated population across three harvests.The highest phenolic concentration(≈500 mg GAE g^(−1)extract)and greatest antioxidant activity(ABTS>3.5×10^(5)μmol TE g^(−1)extract)were observed at the 5 t ha^(−1)dose during the second harvest.Flavonoid content peaked in the third harvest(480-620 mg QE g^(−1)extract),whereas the unfertilized control exhibited the highest DPPH activity in the first harvest.Overall,the results indicate that vermicompost dosage and harvest timing substantially influence the functional quality of L.graveolens.Moderate organic fertilization,particularly 5 t ha^(−1),enhances the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites,underscoring its potential for sustainable production systems.
文摘Esophageal stricture refers to a pathological narrowing of the esophageal lumen,causing dysphagia and impairing the patient's quality of life.There are various etiologies including esophageal malignancy,peptic injury,caustic ingestion,postsurgical anastomosis,radiation therapy,and inflammatory disorders such as eosinophilic esophagitis.The primary goal in managing esophageal strictures is to relieve dysphagia by maintaining luminal patency.Endoscopic dilation remains the mainstay of treatment for most benign strictures,with either bougie or balloon dilators.For patients who develop refractory or recurrent strictures that are difficult to manage with dilation alone,adjunctive therapies like intralesional steroid injections,topical or injected mitomycin C,incisional therapy,stent placement,and finally surgery may enhance outcomes and reduce the frequency of repeat procedures.The present review focuses on the basics of dilation and adjunctive strategies for the management of esophageal stricture.
文摘Ultra-processed foods(UPFs)are believed to contribute to the development of multiple chronic inflammatory diseases,including inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic syndrome,based on epidemiological studies and emerging preclinical and clinical research.Several aspects of food processing and for-mulation in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases are currently being studied.Ongoing research emphasizes epidemiological evidence and mechanistic insights regarding UPFs and their interaction with the intestinal microbiota.In this review,we explore UPFs,their interaction with the intestinal microbiota,and the implications for gastrointestinal health.
文摘BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder influenced by both behavioral and genetic factors.Among epigenetic regulators,the ANRIL gene has been proposed as a risk factor for periodontitis;however,findings on the association between ANRIL polymorphisms and disease susceptibility remain inconsistent.AIM To analyze the association between the rs1333048 genetic polymorphism in the ANRIL gene and periodontitis via meta-analysis.METHODS A literature search was performed for studies published before May 2,2025.The Review Manager statistical program was used in analyses with calculations of heterogeneity index(I^(2))and odds ratio(OR)with 95%of confidence intervals(CI).Begg’s test and the Egger’s linear regression test were used for publication bias evaluation using Comprehensive meta-analysis software.P<0.05 was considered significant.da Silva FRP et al.ANRIL gene and periodontitis:A meta-analysis WJMA https://www.wjgnet.com 2 December 18,2025 Volume 13 Issue 4 RESULTS From 12 studies including 5489 participants across multiple ethnic groups,we observed a statistically significant association between ANRIL gene polymorphisms and periodontitis in the allelic contrast model(OR=1.2495%CI:1.15-1.34,P<0.00001).Conversely,the wild-type allele was significantly associated with the control group(OR=0.8095%CI:0.75-0.87,P<0.00001).Heterogeneity was low(I²=28%,Pheterogeneity=0.17),and no significant risk of publication bias was detected(P>0.05).CONCLUSION In conclusion,this meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between the rs1333048 polymorphism and periodontitis in the overall analysis and in stratified analyses of Caucasian populations,but in for mixed-race populations.
文摘We study the confinement of a spinless charged particle to a spherical quantum dot under the influence of a linear electric field.The spherical quantum dot is described by a short-range potential given by the power-exponential potential.Then,by analysing the region near the spherical quantum dot centre,we discuss two cases where the energy levels can be obtained for s-waves and how the linear electric field modifies the spectrum of energy of the spherical quantum dot.
基金CAPES(Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)for the master's scholarship(Proc.n.88887.822653/202300)CNPq(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-Brazil)for the PIBIC scholarship(Call 03/2023-UEPB/CNPq)+3 种基金CAPES(Coordenacco de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)for the doctoral scholarship(Proc.n.88887.948069/202400)CAPES(Coordenacco de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)for the doctoral scholarship(Proc.n.88887.995048/2024-00)CAPES(Coordenacco de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)for the doctoral scholarship(Proc.n.88887.497186/202000)CNPq for the Research Productivity fellowship。
文摘Rocky outcrops function as island-like environmental filters and pivotal ecological refuges for local and regional biodiversity,with their inherent topographic and microclimatic dynamics directly shaping vegetation composition and distribution across slopes.This study inventoried the flora of a rocky outcrop slope within Brazil's Caatinga biome,a seasonally dry tropical forest,to analyze species distribution patterns and their relationship with microtopographic conditions.The slope was stratified into base,middle and top segments according to slope gradient,with specimens collected over seven months of field expeditions,followed by taxonomic processing to compile a floristic inventory.The survey documented 60 species,53 genera,and 28 families,with Fabaceae,Euphorbiaceae,and Malvaceae emerging as the most representative families;herbaceous species dominated,followed by trees and shrubs.Species richness declined along the topographic gradient as altitude increased,with 43%of flora comprising species widespread across Brazilian biomes and 20%endemic to the Caatinga.Variations in species distribution across slope positions suggest that topographic heterogeneity may drive distinct pedological and microclimatic conditions,directly influencing vegetation dynamics in rock outcrops.These findings underscore the role of microtopography in structuring plant communities in harsh environments.
基金support of the Paraíba State Research Foundation(FAPESQ)(call No.09/2021)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq Productivity Grants 309452/2021-0,308753/2021-6)+1 种基金Scientific Initiation Scholarships(PIBIC)within the Federal University of Paraíba(UFPB)Silvia Guillén Lambea thanks Grant RYC2021-034265-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by“European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR”。
文摘The application of different coatings on solar photovoltaic(PV)panels can be an efficient solution to increase performance and further mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases.This study uses the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology and the environmental payback concept to analyze the effects of the application of a nano-silica coating on a solar PV system installed in the Brazilian Northeast.Firstly,an uncoated reference 16.4 MW PV system is designed,and the detailed inventory is presented(PV panels,supporting structure,inverters,junction boxes,cables,transportation,maintenance and operation-including the replacement of equipment).The results of the LCA quantify the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the PV system.Electricity production is estimated by technical and local climate data.Subsequently,the environmental payback time of the system is calculated,which is the time required for the PV system to offset the emissions associated with system manufacturing,operation,and disposal.This is the first Brazilian study to verify the effects of a self-cleaning coating on a solar PV system throughout its lifetime,compared to the uncoated(reference system).The original photovoltaic system emitted 22,534,773 kg CO_(2)-eq,with an environmental payback of 5 years and 1 day.When the self-cleaning coating is applied,the emissions are 21,511,317 kg CO_(2)-eq(almost 5%lower)with a payback of 4 years,1 month and 26 days.The application of self-cleaning coatings reduces the required area for installation(due to increased efficiency),and not only reduces emissions but is also aligned with global sustainability targets and contributes to the concept of sustainable and intelligent cities.
基金supported by the Doctoral INPh INIT Retaining Fellowship(LCF/BQ/DR22/11950023)from la Caixa Foundation(ID 100010434,Barcelona,Spain)with additional funding through grant PID2021127241OB I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/Agen-cia Estatal de Investigación(MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)co funded by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)under the A Way of Making Europe。
文摘Land use/land cover(LULC)change monitoring is critical for understanding environmental and socioeconomic processes and to identify patterns that may affect current and future land management.Forest cover evolution in the Mediterranean region has been studied to better understand forest succession,wildfires potential,and carbon stock assessment for climate change mitigation,among other reasons.However,though multiple sources of current LULC exist,data from last century's forest cover are less common,and are normally still reliant on locally orthophoto-interpreted data,making continuous maps of historical forest cover relatively uncommon.In this work,a pipeline based on image segmentation and random forest LULC modeling was developed to process three high resolution orthophotos(1956,1989,and 2021)into LULC continuous land cover maps of Spain's island of Ibiza.Next,they were combined to quantify forest evolution of Mediterranean Aleppo pine(Pinus halepensis Mill.)and to generate a continuous map of forest age classes.Our models were able to differentiate forestland with an accuracy higher than 80%in all cases,and were able to approximate forestland cover change since the mid-twentieth century,estimating 21,165±252 ha(37.0±0.4%)in 1956,27,099±472 ha(46.8±0.8%)in 1989,and 30,195±302 ha(52.8±0.5%)in 2021,with a mean increase of 139±6 ha(0.46±0.02%,calculated from current forest cover estimate)per year.The most important variables for the identification of the forestland were the terrain slope and the image gray level or color information in all orthophotos.When combining the information from the three periods,the analysis of forest evolution revealed that a significant portion of current forest cover,approximately 15,776 ha,fell within the 75-120 year age range,while 5388 ha fell within the range of 42-74 years,and 9022 ha within the 10-41 years forest age class.Younger forests,except when mapped after known wildfires,were not considered due to the limitations of the methodology.When compared to forest age data based on ground measurements,significant differences were found among each of the remotely sensed forest age classes,with a mean difference of 13 years between the theoretical age class central value and the real observed plot average age.Overall,63%of the forest inventory plots were assigned with the correct forest age class.This work will allow a better understanding of long-term Mediterranean forest dynamics and will help landowners and policymakers to better respond to new landscape planning challenges and achieve sustainable development goals.
文摘In this editorial,we discuss the recent article by Regassa et al,published in the World Journal of Diabetes,which highlights the potential role of platelet indices(PI)in predicting poor glucoregulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with T2DM,there is a constant need to find new and accessible methods for predicting and treating individuals with this condition.The pathophysiology of T2DM involves systemic inflammation,metabolic dysfunction,and an increased risk of vascular injury,which are commonly associated with the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications,such as cardiovascular diseases and neuropathies.The link between these complications and T2DM requires further elucidation but may be explained by prolonged exposure to high glycemic levels and increased advanced glycation end products.PI might play an important role in determining whether some individuals are prone to poor glucoregulation.Recent evidence encourages the scientific efforts to demonstrate the consistency of this role and its applicability in monitoring glucoregulation,underscoring the importance of the study by Regassa et al.
基金supported by the TRANSIT project(funded by EU Horizon 2020 and the Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 881771).
文摘Rolling noise is produced by vibration of the wheels and track,induced by their combined surface roughness.It is important to know the relative contributions of the different sources,as this affects noise control strategies as well as acceptance testing of new rolling stock.Three different techniques are described that aim to use pass-by measurements to separate the wheel and track components of rolling noise.One is based on the TWINS model,which is tuned to measured track vibration.The second is based on the advanced transfer path analysis method,which provides an entirely experimental assessment.The third is based on the pass-by analysis method in combination with static vibroacoustic transfer functions which are obtained using a reciprocity method.The development of these methods is described and comparisons between them are presented using the results from three experimental measurement campaigns.These covered a metro train,a regional train and a high-speed train at a range of speeds.The various methods agree reasonably well in terms of overall trends,with moderate agreement in the mid-frequency region,and less consistent results at low and high frequency.
基金supported by CNPq(National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—Processo:151057/2024-9),CAPES(Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel)financial code—001,and UFCG(Universidade Federal de Campina Grande).
文摘The Northeast region is the main producer of guava in Brazil,generating employment and income.However,water availability means that producer’s resort to using water with high salinity,which harms plant development,especially during the seedling formation phase.The adoption of techniques that mitigate the deleterious effect of salinity is increasingly necessary,such as the use of elicitors such as ascorbic acid.The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphophysiology of guava seedlings under saline and ascorbic acid levels.The study was carried out by applying treatments composed of five saline levels(SL=0.3;1.3;2.3;3.3 and 4.3 dS m^(-1))and four levels of ascorbic acid—AA(0,200,400,and 600 mg L^(-1)),in a 5×4 factorial arrangement,adopting a randomized block design.Gas exchange and growth of guava seedlings are limited from 0.3 dS m^(-1).Using 400 mg L^(-1)of AA reduces damage from salinity on stomatal conductance,transpiration,and net assimilation rate up to the estimated SL of 1.80 dS m^(-1).In contrast,AA level 412 mg L^(-1)increased instantaneous water use efficiency up to the salinity of 2.3 dS m^(-1).AA level of 600 mg L^(-1)attenuated salt stress effects on leaf area and height/stem diameter ratio up to SL of 2.05 dS m^(-1).The number of leaves and the absolute and relative growth rates were stimulated by AA under the lowest saline level.
基金supported by the European Union-Next Generation EU instrument and the Research Council of Finland funding(grants 323843,347782,353218,355142,and 357902)INAR RI research infrastructure。
文摘The duration of snow cover has shortened in the boreal region,and the amount of seasonal snow decreased.This affects the coupling between soil and air temperatures and may thus lead to colder soil and deeper soil frost.We prevented snow reaching the forest floor for two winters in mature boreal forest and studied how that affects tree and forest floor processes.The studied species were Scots pine,Norway spruce,silver birch,and a dwarf shrub bilberry.Decreased soil temperature,due to the lack of snow cover,decreased forest floor respiration in winter and spring.Simultaneously,response of respiration to temperature seemed to increase,perhaps due to the exposure of forest floor vegetation to cold air temperature.Indeed,lack of snow cover induced mortality of bilberry,but the remaining ramets grew more in height and their average leaf size was larger likely to compensate for the lost plant biomass.Lack of snow cover also affected tree hydraulics as tree water uptake was decreased in spring,and the start of the sap season delayed in birch.Pine and birch tended to grow less in the snow exclusion treatment(differences not statistically significant),whereas spruce grew more.Coarse root traits,e.g.water content and cellular frost damages,were not affected by the snow exclusion treatment.The results of this case study increase our understanding on the effects of changing snow cover on spring-time tree and forest floor processes in mature boreal forest,but also reveal the need for further studies on mature trees.
基金Julio Antonio Caballero-Mora acknowledges the CONAHCYT Scholarship number 828530。
文摘Force control merged with motion control represent the fundamental low level requirements for the most complex tasks to be performed by any robot.In particular,robust motion and force controllers allow robots to deal with real-world uncertainties among other disturbances.In this paper,an admittance-based force controller using the Active Disturbance Rejection Control approach is proposed,which allows to perform robot force control without a force sensor.In addition,a theoretical synthesis of the control law including an extended state observer for the estimation of the robot–surface force interaction and their formal stability analysis is presented.The validation of the proposal is depicted by numerical simulations using the dynamical model of a two degrees of freedom robot manipulator,for both a constant and a time-varying force control tasks with an unknown curved surface,while considering joint measurement noise and force sensors noise and an external disturbance force.
基金the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 52273048 and 51973006)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 2222052)the financial support of this work by BIOFIRESAFE(PID2020-117274RB-I00)funded by MINECO,Spain。
文摘Developing high-efficient flame-retardant coatings is crucial for fire safety polymer and battery fields.Traditional intumescent coatings and ceramifiable coatings struggle to provide immediate and prolonged protection simultaneously,which limits the applicability.To address this,an innovative bi-layered coating with organic/nano-inorganic additives is inspired by differential response behaviors,enabling relay response effect with both fast-acting and extended protection.Specifically,two layers function continuously in the form of a relay.With a mere 320 microns,the bi-layered coating withstands fire temperatures of up to 1400℃for at least 900 s.Consequently,the coating effective prevented burn through in aluminum plates and glass fabric-reinforced epoxy resin,which otherwise were burned through in 135 and 173 s,respectively.Meanwhile,the bi-layered coating suppressed the formation and decomposition of solid interface layer in lithium soft-package batteries,leading to prolonged electrochemical stability and fire safety.Additionally,the bi-layered coating with a fast response endows polyurethane foam with rapid self-extinguishing,preventing ignition even under exposure to strong fire of 1400℃.Shortly,our work offers new insights into the design and development of thin,high-performance,and multi-application flame-retardant coatings.
基金supported by Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences at Penn State University through the Huck Innovative and Transformational Seed Grant(HITS).
文摘Advancing 3D magnesium(Mg)development beyond current limitations requires controlling Mg alloy degradation in pre-designed,low-dimension architectures.This study reveals a mechanistic switch in the corrosion behavior of Mg alloy(3.6%Al,0.8%Zn)diamond lattice structures,induced by plasma nanosynthesis(400 eV Ar^(+)ions,fluence 1×10^(17) ions/cm^(2)).Plasma treatment of the Mg alloy increases surface Mg from 1.5%to 14.5%,enhances carbonate formation,and generates a nanostructured surface with a Mg carbonate layer over an oxide/hydroxide layer.In vitro and in vivo analyses over 8 wk demonstrate how this treatment fundamentally alters the degradation process and stability of these 3D architectures.While untreated samples initially formed a protective film that subsequently diminished,DPNS-treated samples demonstrated an inverse corrosion behavior.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)confirmed the presence of a stable,protective layer composed of magnesium oxide,magnesium hydroxide,and magnesium carbonate on the DPNS-treated surfaces.After 14 days,the DPNS-treated sample exhibited a more positive corrosion potential(-0.69 V versus-1.36 V)and a marginally lower current density(0.73 mA/cm^(2)compared to 0.75 mA/c^(2))relative to the control.This protective layer,combined with modified surface topology,initiated a core-to-periphery degradation pattern that maintained structural integrity for up to 8 wk post-implantation.These findings support the conclusion that the DPNS-treated scaffold demonstrates sustained improved corrosion resistance over time compared to the untreated control.Micro-CT revealed plasma-treated samples retained larger struts(504.9±95.3μm at 8 wk)and formed larger H_(2) pockets extending 14.2 mm from the implant center,versus 4.9 mm in controls.This corrosion behavior switch enhances stability but risks pore clogging,offering insights for tailoring Mg alloy degradation and H_(2) evolution in 3D architectures for biomedical applications.
