OBJECTIVE:To estimate the phytochemical composition,antioxidant,antifungal,cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities of three important medicinal plants of Poonch valley,Azad Kashmir Pakistan.METHODS:Phytochemicals were inv...OBJECTIVE:To estimate the phytochemical composition,antioxidant,antifungal,cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities of three important medicinal plants of Poonch valley,Azad Kashmir Pakistan.METHODS:Phytochemicals were investigated for both qualitative(phenols,flavonoids,alkaloids and saponins)and quantitative(total phenolic and flavonoid contents)analysis of plant extracts prepared in ethanol,ethyl acetate and benzene.Moreover,antioxidant potential was investigated by screening botanical extracts against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay,phosphomolybdenum and total reducing power assay.While,disc diffusion method was used for determination of antifungal potential of all extracts against four pathogenic strains.Furthermore,brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was conducted for cytotoxic potential and radish seed germination assay was carried out for estimation of allelopathic potential of plant extracts.RESULTS:Phytochemical evaluation showed the presence of phenolics,flavonoids,alkaloids and saponins in almost all plants.In addition to significant antioxidant potential,Rubia cordifolia(ethanolic extract)revealed highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids.The said plant also exhibited good cytotoxic activity.Among plant extracts highest antifungal activity and allelopathic potential was recorded by Oxalis latifolia(ethyl acetate extract).Ethanol and ethyl acetate were observed to be the best choice of solvents.The best solvents-based results were obtained by Ethanol followed by Ethyl acetate and Benzene.CONCLUSION:For further studies,Rubia cordifolia and Oxalis latifolia are the most promising medicinal plants of Poonch valley,Azad Kashmir Pakistan at molecular level in order to isolate the compounds concerning with pronounced activities.展开更多
Although exogenous application of glycinebetaine(GB) is widely reported to regulate a myriad of physio-biochemical attributes in plants under stressful environments including drought stress, there is little informatio...Although exogenous application of glycinebetaine(GB) is widely reported to regulate a myriad of physio-biochemical attributes in plants under stressful environments including drought stress, there is little information available in the literature on how and up to what extent GB can induce changes in anatomical features in water starved plants. Thus, the present research work was conducted to assess the GB-induced changes in growth, physio-biochemical, and anatomical characteristics in two cultivars(CK-1 and F-411) of oat(Avena sativa L.) under limited water supply. After exposure to water stress, a considerable reduction was observed in plant growth in terms of lengths and weights of shoot and roots,leaf mesophyll thickness, leaf midrib thickness, root cortex thickness, root diameter, stem diameter, stem phloem area, and stem vascular bundle area in both oat cultivars. However, water stress resulted in a significant increase in leaf total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide(H_2 O_2), ascorbic acid(AsA), GB contents,activities of enzymes(CAT, SOD and POD), total soluble proteins, leaf epidermis(abaxial and adaxial)thickness, bulliform cell area, sclerenchyma thickness, root endodermis and epidermis thickness, root metaxylem area, stem metaxylem area and stem sclerenchyma thickness in both oat cultivars.Foliar-applied 100 mM GB suppressed H_2 O_2 contents, while improved growth attributes, free proline and GB contents, activity of SOD enzyme, leaf abaxial epidermis thickness, leaf bulliform cell area, leaf midrib thickness, leaf sclerenchyma thickness, root cortex thickness, root endodermis, epidermis thickness,root stele diameter, stem diameter, stem epidermis thickness, stem metaxylem area, and stem phloem and vascular bundle area in both oat cultivars. For both oat cultivars, CK-1 was superior to F-411 in leaf abaxial epidermis thickness, leaf mesophyll, leaf sclerenchyma, root metaxylem area, stem diameter, stem epidermis, sclerenchyma thickness, stem metaxylem area, and stem vascular bundle area. Overall, both oat cultivars showed inconsistent behavior to water stress and foliar-applied GB in terms of different physio-biochemical attributes, however, CK-1 was superior to F-411 in a number of anatomical features of leaf, root, and stem.展开更多
This paper presents the work conducted on the chemical constituents of some common and widely distributed halophyte taxa from Cyprus with the aim that these studies will help in the evaluation of halophytes for differ...This paper presents the work conducted on the chemical constituents of some common and widely distributed halophyte taxa from Cyprus with the aim that these studies will help in the evaluation of halophytes for different economical purposes.The plant species of Crithmum maritimum L.,Limbarda crithmoides(L.)Dumort,Atriplex portulacoides L.,Salsola kali L.,Atriplex halimus L.,Limonium oleifolium Mill.,L.meyeri(Boiss.)Kuntze;and Tetraena alba(L.f.)Beier&Thulin were collected in the middle of July.The shoot tissue and leaf samples were collected from the natural habitats and left for drying under air circulation followed by placing them in oven at 60°C for 96 hours.The material was crushed using mortar and pestle and subjected to an analysis of macro-and micro-nutrients and biochemical compounds.K+/Na+in the leaf tissues of the dicot species showed relatively high values depicting their behavior as Na+includes but very low Cl-levels were recorded.Out of the species investigated here in 4 TFAA content was rather high.Values ranging from 0.5%to 1%dry weight were exhibited in one species.However,only 3 species showed very low TFAA values.Later may be due to low nitrogen availability in their environment.The phenetic analyses of eight halophyte species performed on the data matrix using Ntsys-pc program version 2.1 revealed that,cluster analysis of the overall results obtained here leads to 2 clusters.This discrimination appears to be as a result of their different abilities to accumulate either proline or glycine betaine.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE:To estimate the phytochemical composition,antioxidant,antifungal,cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities of three important medicinal plants of Poonch valley,Azad Kashmir Pakistan.METHODS:Phytochemicals were investigated for both qualitative(phenols,flavonoids,alkaloids and saponins)and quantitative(total phenolic and flavonoid contents)analysis of plant extracts prepared in ethanol,ethyl acetate and benzene.Moreover,antioxidant potential was investigated by screening botanical extracts against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay,phosphomolybdenum and total reducing power assay.While,disc diffusion method was used for determination of antifungal potential of all extracts against four pathogenic strains.Furthermore,brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was conducted for cytotoxic potential and radish seed germination assay was carried out for estimation of allelopathic potential of plant extracts.RESULTS:Phytochemical evaluation showed the presence of phenolics,flavonoids,alkaloids and saponins in almost all plants.In addition to significant antioxidant potential,Rubia cordifolia(ethanolic extract)revealed highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids.The said plant also exhibited good cytotoxic activity.Among plant extracts highest antifungal activity and allelopathic potential was recorded by Oxalis latifolia(ethyl acetate extract).Ethanol and ethyl acetate were observed to be the best choice of solvents.The best solvents-based results were obtained by Ethanol followed by Ethyl acetate and Benzene.CONCLUSION:For further studies,Rubia cordifolia and Oxalis latifolia are the most promising medicinal plants of Poonch valley,Azad Kashmir Pakistan at molecular level in order to isolate the compounds concerning with pronounced activities.
基金financially supported by the Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
文摘Although exogenous application of glycinebetaine(GB) is widely reported to regulate a myriad of physio-biochemical attributes in plants under stressful environments including drought stress, there is little information available in the literature on how and up to what extent GB can induce changes in anatomical features in water starved plants. Thus, the present research work was conducted to assess the GB-induced changes in growth, physio-biochemical, and anatomical characteristics in two cultivars(CK-1 and F-411) of oat(Avena sativa L.) under limited water supply. After exposure to water stress, a considerable reduction was observed in plant growth in terms of lengths and weights of shoot and roots,leaf mesophyll thickness, leaf midrib thickness, root cortex thickness, root diameter, stem diameter, stem phloem area, and stem vascular bundle area in both oat cultivars. However, water stress resulted in a significant increase in leaf total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide(H_2 O_2), ascorbic acid(AsA), GB contents,activities of enzymes(CAT, SOD and POD), total soluble proteins, leaf epidermis(abaxial and adaxial)thickness, bulliform cell area, sclerenchyma thickness, root endodermis and epidermis thickness, root metaxylem area, stem metaxylem area and stem sclerenchyma thickness in both oat cultivars.Foliar-applied 100 mM GB suppressed H_2 O_2 contents, while improved growth attributes, free proline and GB contents, activity of SOD enzyme, leaf abaxial epidermis thickness, leaf bulliform cell area, leaf midrib thickness, leaf sclerenchyma thickness, root cortex thickness, root endodermis, epidermis thickness,root stele diameter, stem diameter, stem epidermis thickness, stem metaxylem area, and stem phloem and vascular bundle area in both oat cultivars. For both oat cultivars, CK-1 was superior to F-411 in leaf abaxial epidermis thickness, leaf mesophyll, leaf sclerenchyma, root metaxylem area, stem diameter, stem epidermis, sclerenchyma thickness, stem metaxylem area, and stem vascular bundle area. Overall, both oat cultivars showed inconsistent behavior to water stress and foliar-applied GB in terms of different physio-biochemical attributes, however, CK-1 was superior to F-411 in a number of anatomical features of leaf, root, and stem.
文摘This paper presents the work conducted on the chemical constituents of some common and widely distributed halophyte taxa from Cyprus with the aim that these studies will help in the evaluation of halophytes for different economical purposes.The plant species of Crithmum maritimum L.,Limbarda crithmoides(L.)Dumort,Atriplex portulacoides L.,Salsola kali L.,Atriplex halimus L.,Limonium oleifolium Mill.,L.meyeri(Boiss.)Kuntze;and Tetraena alba(L.f.)Beier&Thulin were collected in the middle of July.The shoot tissue and leaf samples were collected from the natural habitats and left for drying under air circulation followed by placing them in oven at 60°C for 96 hours.The material was crushed using mortar and pestle and subjected to an analysis of macro-and micro-nutrients and biochemical compounds.K+/Na+in the leaf tissues of the dicot species showed relatively high values depicting their behavior as Na+includes but very low Cl-levels were recorded.Out of the species investigated here in 4 TFAA content was rather high.Values ranging from 0.5%to 1%dry weight were exhibited in one species.However,only 3 species showed very low TFAA values.Later may be due to low nitrogen availability in their environment.The phenetic analyses of eight halophyte species performed on the data matrix using Ntsys-pc program version 2.1 revealed that,cluster analysis of the overall results obtained here leads to 2 clusters.This discrimination appears to be as a result of their different abilities to accumulate either proline or glycine betaine.
