Male factor infertility has now become a major health disorder,affecting human reproduction and developing worldwide as a serious medical and social issue.It causes trauma,emotional instability,and mental stress in th...Male factor infertility has now become a major health disorder,affecting human reproduction and developing worldwide as a serious medical and social issue.It causes trauma,emotional instability,and mental stress in the affected couples.In nearly half of the analyzed cases,male-associated factors are the major contributors.The present review outlines a wide range of factors responsible for male infertility.We performed an in-depth literature review of the global index of infertility by using data from World Health Organization’s website,Elsevier’s,PubMed and Scopus databases as well as journals.The quality and quantity of semen,male hormonal imbalance,genetic deterioration,and reactive oxygen species are the fundamental causes of male factor infertility.In addition,air quality,water quality,noise pollution,lifestyle changes,improper diet consumption,malnutrition,exposure to chemicals and toxins,smoking habits,drug abuses,major diseases,and medications are also contributors to infertility issues that can temporarily or permanently influence male reproductive system.We also reviewed the prevalence of male infertility in different countries.展开更多
为探究L-瓜氨酸(L-Cit)与来曲唑(LE)对湖羊母羊繁殖性能的影响,本试验选取体重(51.57±2.64)kg、健康的湖羊经产母羊60只,随机分为3个处理组,分别为CON组、L-Cit组和L-Cit+LE组,每组20只羊,每日摄入2.2 kg TMR。在此日粮基础上,L-Ci...为探究L-瓜氨酸(L-Cit)与来曲唑(LE)对湖羊母羊繁殖性能的影响,本试验选取体重(51.57±2.64)kg、健康的湖羊经产母羊60只,随机分为3个处理组,分别为CON组、L-Cit组和L-Cit+LE组,每组20只羊,每日摄入2.2 kg TMR。在此日粮基础上,L-Cit组每只母羊每天一次性补充10 g L-Cit,L-Cit+LE组在每只母羊补饲10 g/d L-Cit基础上,于试验第7~9天每只母羊每天补饲LE 2.5 mg,进行为期21 d的试验。结果表明:(1)补饲L-瓜氨酸至第7天时,L-Cit组和L-Cit+LE组与对照组相比促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)含量分别提高了11.11%、15.23%(P<0.01),促卵泡素(FSH)含量分别降低了9.19%、23.68%(P<0.01),促黄体激素(LH)含量分别降低了11.54%、18.95%(P=0.06),L-Cit+LE组较CON组孕酮(P4)含量提高了145.45%(P<0.05),雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)试验第9天时,L-Cit组和L-Cit+LE组与对照组相比GnRH含量分别提高了11.22%、17.45%(P<0.01),E2含量分别降低了46.37%、45.01%(P<0.01)。(3)试验第14天时,L-Cit组和L-Cit+LE组与对照组相比GnRH含量分别提高了5.69%、16.13%(P<0.01),FSH含量分别降低了19.95%、32.63%(P<0.05),L-Cit+LE组与其他两组相比LH含量降低了26.35%、19.97%(P<0.01)。(4)L-Cit组双羔率较L-Cit+LE组提高了35.82%,双羔出生重较对照组提高了0.12 kg。综上所述,在本试验条件下,补喂10 g/d·只的L-瓜氨酸可极显著提高经产湖羊母羊的发情率、产羔数和血浆中GnRH含量。展开更多
Newborn hearing screening is an effective strategy for early identification of hearing loss in the newborn which result in early intervention and best outcome.However implementing universal screening strategy is a cha...Newborn hearing screening is an effective strategy for early identification of hearing loss in the newborn which result in early intervention and best outcome.However implementing universal screening strategy is a challenge in many resource constrained settings.There are various limitations towards successful implementation of hearing screening program in the developing countries.The cost effectiveness of the screening program also needs to be considered in a resource constrained settings.We attempt to provide a viewpoint that can be potentially helpful for the successful implementation of hearing screening in a resource constrained settings of the developing countries.展开更多
文摘Male factor infertility has now become a major health disorder,affecting human reproduction and developing worldwide as a serious medical and social issue.It causes trauma,emotional instability,and mental stress in the affected couples.In nearly half of the analyzed cases,male-associated factors are the major contributors.The present review outlines a wide range of factors responsible for male infertility.We performed an in-depth literature review of the global index of infertility by using data from World Health Organization’s website,Elsevier’s,PubMed and Scopus databases as well as journals.The quality and quantity of semen,male hormonal imbalance,genetic deterioration,and reactive oxygen species are the fundamental causes of male factor infertility.In addition,air quality,water quality,noise pollution,lifestyle changes,improper diet consumption,malnutrition,exposure to chemicals and toxins,smoking habits,drug abuses,major diseases,and medications are also contributors to infertility issues that can temporarily or permanently influence male reproductive system.We also reviewed the prevalence of male infertility in different countries.
文摘Newborn hearing screening is an effective strategy for early identification of hearing loss in the newborn which result in early intervention and best outcome.However implementing universal screening strategy is a challenge in many resource constrained settings.There are various limitations towards successful implementation of hearing screening program in the developing countries.The cost effectiveness of the screening program also needs to be considered in a resource constrained settings.We attempt to provide a viewpoint that can be potentially helpful for the successful implementation of hearing screening in a resource constrained settings of the developing countries.
