In the intricate landscape of healthcare,vicarious liability looms large,shaping the responsibilities and actions of healthcare practitioners and administrators alike.Illustrated by a poignant scenario of a medication...In the intricate landscape of healthcare,vicarious liability looms large,shaping the responsibilities and actions of healthcare practitioners and administrators alike.Illustrated by a poignant scenario of a medication error,this article navigates the complexities of vicarious liability in healthcare.It explains the legal basis and ramifications of this theory,emphasizing its importance in fostering responsibility,protecting patient welfare,and easing access to justice.The paper explores the practical effects of vicarious responsibility on day-to-day operations,leadership practices,and decision-making processes via the eyes of senior consultants,junior doctors,and hospital administrators.Through comprehensive insights and real-world examples,it underscores the imperative of fostering a culture of accountability,communication,and quality care to navigate the intricate web of liabilities inherent in modern healthcare.展开更多
Surface with well-defined components and structures possesses unique electronic,magnetic,optical and chemical properties.As a result,surface chemistry research plays a crucial role in various fields such as catalysis,...Surface with well-defined components and structures possesses unique electronic,magnetic,optical and chemical properties.As a result,surface chemistry research plays a crucial role in various fields such as catalysis,energy,materials,quantum,and microelectronics.Surface science mainly investigates the correspondence between surface property and functionality.Scanning probe microscopy(SPM)techniques are important tools to characterize surface properties because of the capability of atomic-scale imaging,spectroscopy and manipulation at the single-atom level.In this review,we summarize recent advances in surface electronic,magnetic and optical properties characterized mainly by SPM-based methods.We focus on elucidating theπ-magnetism in graphene-based nanostructures,construction of spin qubits on surfaces,topology properties of surface organic structures,STM-based light emission,tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and integration of machine learning in SPM studies.展开更多
Moringa oleifera,native to India,grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.It is commonly known as‘drumstick tree’or‘horseradish tree’.Moringa can withstand both severe drought and mild frost cond...Moringa oleifera,native to India,grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.It is commonly known as‘drumstick tree’or‘horseradish tree’.Moringa can withstand both severe drought and mild frost conditions and hence widely cultivated across the world.With its high nutritive values,every part of the tree is suitable for either nutritional or commercial purposes.The leaves are rich in minerals,vitamins and other essential phytochemicals.Extracts from the leaves are used to treat malnutrition,augment breast milk in lactating mothers.It is used as potential antioxidant,anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antidiabetic and antimicrobial agent.M.oleifera seed,a natural coagulant is extensively used in water treatment.The scientific effort of this research provides insights on the use of moringa as a cure for diabetes and cancer and fortification of moringa in commercial products.This review explores the use of moringa across disciplines for its medicinal value and deals with cultivation,nutrition,commercial and prominent pharmacological properties of this“Miracle Tree”.展开更多
The adaptive control of nonlinear systems that are linear in the unknown but time-varying parameters are treated in this paper.Since satisfactory transient performance is an important factor,multiple models are requir...The adaptive control of nonlinear systems that are linear in the unknown but time-varying parameters are treated in this paper.Since satisfactory transient performance is an important factor,multiple models are required as these parameters change abruptly in the parameter space.In this paper we consider both the multiple models with switching and tuning methodology as well as multiple models with second level adaptation for this class of systems.We demonstrate that the latter approach is better than the former.展开更多
The weakly nonlinear stability of the triple diffusive convection in a Maxwell fluid saturated porous layer is investigated. In some cases, disconnected oscillatory neutral curves ave found to exist, indicating that t...The weakly nonlinear stability of the triple diffusive convection in a Maxwell fluid saturated porous layer is investigated. In some cases, disconnected oscillatory neutral curves ave found to exist, indicating that three critical thermal Darcy-Rayleigh numbers are required to specify the linear instability criteria. However, another distinguishing feature predicted from that of Newtonian fluids is the impossibility of quasi-periodic bifurcation from the rest state. Besides, the co-dimensional two bifurcation points are located in the Darcy-Prandtl number and the stress relaxation parameter plane. It is observed that the value of the stress relaxation parameter defining the crossover between stationary and oscillatory bifurcations decreases when the Darcy-Prandtl number increases. A cubic Landau equation is derived based on the weakly nonlinear stability analysis. It is found that the bifurcating oscillatory solution is either supercritical or subcritical, depending on the choice of the physical parameters. Heat and mass transfers are estimated in terms of time and area-averaged Nusselt numbers.展开更多
To ensure the safe operation of any software controlled critical systems,quality factors like reliability and safety are given utmost importance.In this paper,we have chosen to analyze the impact of logic error that i...To ensure the safe operation of any software controlled critical systems,quality factors like reliability and safety are given utmost importance.In this paper,we have chosen to analyze the impact of logic error that is one of the contributors to the above factors.In view of this,we propose a novel framework based on a data driven approach known as software failure estimation with logic error(SFELE).Here,the probabilistic nature of software error is explored by observing the operation of a safety critical system by injecting logic fault.The occurrence of error,its propagations and transformations are analyzed from its inception to end of its execution cycle through the hidden Markov model(HMM)technique.We found that the proposed framework SFELE supports in labeling and quantifying the behavioral properties of selected errors in a safety critical system while traversing across its system components in addition to reliability estimation of the system.Our attempt at the design level can help the design engineers to improve their system quality in a costeffective manner.展开更多
The 1.86 Ga Liangtun-Kuangdonggou complex (LKC) is one of the oldest alkaline syenite bodies so far discovered in China. This syenite suite has elevated contents of total alkali (K-2O+Na-2O), with an average of {10.50...The 1.86 Ga Liangtun-Kuangdonggou complex (LKC) is one of the oldest alkaline syenite bodies so far discovered in China. This syenite suite has elevated contents of total alkali (K-2O+Na-2O), with an average of {10.50%}, and a mean Rittmann Index (σ) of {6.48}. The intrusions have slightly higher concentrations of K-2O than those of Na-2O on a weight percent basis, indicating the rocks belong to potassium-rich alkaline syenite series. Total rare-earth element concentrations (∑REE ) of the rocks are relatively high, ranging from 324×10{-6} to 1314×10{-6}, with a mean value of 666×10{-6}. The REE patterns are subparallel and rightward steep with (La/Yb)-N >33, showing mild negative to positive Eu anomalies (δEu: {0.63}-{1.15}). All samples exhibit strong LILE and LREE enrichments and TNT (Nb, Ta, Ti) and P depletions in multi-element spidergrams. On the ε-{Sr}(t)-ε-{Nd}(t) correlation diagram, most analytical data points plot within the enriched mantle field with low ({{}{87}Sr/{86}Sr)-i} ratios ({0.7045}-{0.7051}) and negative ε-{Nd}(t) values ({-3.72}-{-3.97}), falling among those kimberlites from Fuxian County, Liaoning Provinve, from Mengyin County, Shandong Province and the Ⅱ-type kimberlites from South Africa. These characteristics imply that the LKC-rocks may have the same source as the above-mentioned kimberlites, i.e., they have close connections to the materials derived from enriched mantle reservoirs, further revealing that the upper mantle beneath the northeastern part of the North China Plate had been highly enriched before {1.86} Ga. Geodynamically, the LKC-rocks were formed in a within-plate environment with close genetic connections to rift-related alkaline magma activities possibly controlled by ancient mantle plumes.展开更多
Objective Improvement in the quality of life is reflected in the narrowing of the gap between healthadjusted life expectancy(HALE)and life expectancy(LE).The effect of megacity expansion on narrowing the gap is rarely...Objective Improvement in the quality of life is reflected in the narrowing of the gap between healthadjusted life expectancy(HALE)and life expectancy(LE).The effect of megacity expansion on narrowing the gap is rarely reported.This study aimed to disclose this potential relationship.Methods Annual life tables were constructed from identified death records and population counts from multiple administrative sources in Guangzhou,China,from 2010 to 2020.Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the temporal trend.Generalized principal component analysis and multilevel models were applied to examine the county-level association between the gap and social determinants.Results Although LE and HALE in megacities are increasing steadily,their gap is widening.Socioeconomic and health services are guaranteed to narrow this gap.Increasing personal wealth,a growing number of newborns and healthy immigrants,high urbanization,and healthy aging have helped in narrowing this gap.Conclusion In megacities,parallel LE and HALE growth should be highly considered to narrow their gap.Multiple social determinants need to be integrated as a whole to formulate public health plans.展开更多
Deep tissue infections caused by pathogenic bacteria seriously threat the lives of patients.In this study a smart heterostructured Au/Cu-BTA(BTA=1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine)with microwave(MW)response is synthesized via N...Deep tissue infections caused by pathogenic bacteria seriously threat the lives of patients.In this study a smart heterostructured Au/Cu-BTA(BTA=1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine)with microwave(MW)response is synthesized via NaBH_(4)reduction of HAuCl_(4)on the Cu-BTA.Au/Cu-BTA exhibits excellent hyperthermy and dynamics under MW irradiation.The MW thermal mechanism of Au/Cu-BTA is attributed to the excellen dielectric loss and polarization of the heterogeneous interface.Meanwhile,the surface energy levels of the Cu-BTA interface alleviate the difficulty of electron hopping through multistage transition.Therefore,MW can excite Cu-BTA to produce free electrons.Subsequently,Au nanoparticles rapidly increase electron transfer and inhibit electron-hole recombination.Hence,the yields of reactive oxygen species can be enhanced for MW dynamic therapy Consequently,under 10 min of MW irradiation,Au/Cu-BTA killed 99.998%±0.001% of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus,99.966%±0.014% of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,and 96.871%±0.831% of Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The effective MW bacteria-killing strategy designed in this study shows significant potential for application in the MW-responsive treatment of deep tissue infections without antibiotics.展开更多
The linear Rayleigh-Bénard electro-convective stability of the Newtonian dielectric liquid is determined theoretically subject to the temperature modulation with time.A perturbation method is used to compute the ...The linear Rayleigh-Bénard electro-convective stability of the Newtonian dielectric liquid is determined theoretically subject to the temperature modulation with time.A perturbation method is used to compute the critical Rayleigh number and the wave number.The critical Rayleigh number is calculated as a function of the frequency of modulation,the temperature-dependent variable viscosity,the electric field dependent variable viscosity,the Prandtl number,and the electric Rayleigh number.The effects of all three cases of modulations are established to delay or advance the onset of the convection process.In addition,how the effect of variable viscosity controls the onset of convection is studied.展开更多
The present work presents a statistical method to translate human voices across age groups,based on commonalities in voices of blood relations.The age-translated voices have been naturalized extracting the blood relat...The present work presents a statistical method to translate human voices across age groups,based on commonalities in voices of blood relations.The age-translated voices have been naturalized extracting the blood relation features e.g.,pitch,duration,energy,using Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients(MFCC),for social compatibility of the voice-impaired.The system has been demonstrated using standard English and an Indian language.The voice samples for resynthesis were derived from 12 families,with member ages ranging from 8–80 years.The voice-age translation,performed using the Pitch synchronous overlap and add(PSOLA)approach,by modulation of extracted voice features,was validated by perception test.The translated and resynthesized voices were correlated using Linde,Buzo,Gray(LBG),and Kekre’s Fast Codebook generation(KFCG)algorithms.For translated voice targets,a strong(θ>∼93%andθ>∼96%)correlation was found with blood relatives,whereas,a weak(θ<∼78%andθ<∼80%)correlation range was found between different families and different gender from same families.The study further subcategorized the sampling and synthesis of the voices into similar or dissimilar gender groups,using a support vector machine(SVM)choosing between available voice samples.Finally,∼96%,∼93%,and∼94%accuracies were obtained in the identification of the gender of the voice sample,the age group samples,and the correlation between the original and converted voice samples,respectively.The results obtained were close to the natural voice sample features and are envisaged to facilitate a near-natural voice for speech-impaired easily.展开更多
The present system experimentally demonstrates a synthesis of syllables and words from tongue manoeuvers in multiple languages,captured by four oral sensors only.For an experimental demonstration of the system used in...The present system experimentally demonstrates a synthesis of syllables and words from tongue manoeuvers in multiple languages,captured by four oral sensors only.For an experimental demonstration of the system used in the oral cavity,a prototype tooth model was used.Based on the principle developed in a previous publication by the author(s),the proposed system has been implemented using the oral cavity(tongue,teeth,and lips)features alone,without the glottis and the larynx.The positions of the sensors in the proposed system were optimized based on articulatory(oral cavity)gestures estimated by simulating the mechanism of human speech.The system has been tested for all English alphabets and several words with sensor-based input along with an experimental demonstration of the developed algorithm,with limit switches,potentiometer,and flex sensors emulating the tongue in an artificial oral cavity.The system produces the sounds of vowels,consonants,and words in English,along with the pronunciation of meanings of their translations in four major Indian languages,all from oral cavity mapping.The experimental setup also caters to gender mapping of voice.The sound produced from the hardware has been validated by a perceptual test to verify the gender and word of the speech sample by listeners,with∼98%and∼95%accuracy,respectively.Such a model may be useful to interpret speech for those who are speech-disabled because of accidents,neuron disorder,spinal cord injury,or larynx disorder.展开更多
Numerical predictions are made for Laminar Forced convection heat transfer with and without buoyancy effects for Supercritical Nitrogen flowing over an isothermal horizontal flat plate with a heated surface facing dow...Numerical predictions are made for Laminar Forced convection heat transfer with and without buoyancy effects for Supercritical Nitrogen flowing over an isothermal horizontal flat plate with a heated surface facing downwards.Computations are performed by varying the value ofΔT from5 to 30 K and P_(∞)/P_(cr)ratio from1.1 to 1.5.Variation of all the thermophysical properties of supercritical Nitrogen is considered.The wall temperatures are chosen in such a way that two values of Tw are less than T∗(T*is the temperature at which the fluid has a maximum value of Cp for the given pressure),one value equal to T∗and two values greater than T∗.Three different values of U∞are used to obtain Re∞range of 3.6×10_(4)to 4.74×10^(5)for forced convection without buoyancy effects and Gr_(∞)/Re^(2)_(∞)range of 0.011 to 3.107 for the case where buoyancy effects are predominant.Six different forms of correlations are proposed based on numerical predictions and are compared with actual numerical predictions.It has been found that in all six forms of correlations,the maximum deviations are found to occur in those cases where the pseudocritical temperature TT∗lies between the wall temperature and bulk fluid temperature.展开更多
The dietary phytochemicals curcumin （CUR） and sulforaphane （SFN） have shown remarkable cancer chemopreventive effects in many model systems. This study was designed to investigate the induction of Nrf2-mediated an...The dietary phytochemicals curcumin （CUR） and sulforaphane （SFN） have shown remarkable cancer chemopreventive effects in many model systems. This study was designed to investigate the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes by combining doses of CUR and SFN and the effect of their combination on the Nrf2-ARE （antioxidant response element） response in HepG2-C8 cells. We hypothesized that the combination of the polyphenol CUR and the isothiocyanate SFN could enhance the induction of AREs and Nrf2-target enzymes. HepG2-C8 cells were treated with a combination of low doses of CUR, SFN or both. The induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes-heme oxygenase-1 （HO-I） and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-1A （UGT1A）-was measured by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. ARE-luciferase activity was also quantified. Low doses of CUR （10 ~tM） and SFN （12.5 ~tM） significantly induced the expression of HO-1 and UGT 1 A1 proteins. Through the use of chemical inhibitors of mRNA and protein synthesis, the combination of CUR and SFN was shown to affect the transcriptional regulation of both HO-1 and UGT1A1. Additionally, the combination of CUR and SFN synergistically induced the expression of Nrf2- and ARE-luciferase activity in HepG2-C8 cells. Thus, CUR and SFN at low concentrations augment therapeutic effects in HepG2-C8 cells. The enhanced ARE-luciferase activity of combined CUR and SFN treatment could partly explain the significant induction of the Nrf2-target enzymes HO-1 and UGT1A1. Taken together, our results suggest that combining low doses of CUR and SNF could be a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention in humans.展开更多
Phosphonate and phosphonamidate peptides are phosphorus analogues of natural peptides. They have been great used as stable mimetics of tetrahedral transition states as enzyme inhibitors and as haptens for catalyti... Phosphonate and phosphonamidate peptides are phosphorus analogues of natural peptides. They have been great used as stable mimetics of tetrahedral transition states as enzyme inhibitors and as haptens for catalytic antibody research in recent years. Although several methods are available for the preparation of phosphonate peptides and phosphonamidate peptides, all of them use phosphonic acid derivatives as starting materials. The overall yields from the synthesis of phosphonic acid derivatives to desired peptides are not satisfactory in most cases.……展开更多
Surface chemistry focuses on the investigation of the adsorption,migration,assembly,activation,reaction,and desorption of atoms and molecules at surfaces.Surface chemistry plays the pivotal roles in both fundamental s...Surface chemistry focuses on the investigation of the adsorption,migration,assembly,activation,reaction,and desorption of atoms and molecules at surfaces.Surface chemistry plays the pivotal roles in both fundamental science and applied technology.This review will summarize the recent progresses on surface assembly,synthesis and catalysis investigated mainly by scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy.Surface assemblies of water and small biomolecules,construction of Sierpin′ski triangles and surface chirality are summarized.On-surface synthesis of conjugated carbo-and heterocycles and other kinds of carbon nanostructures are surveyed.Surface model catalysis,including single-atom catalysis and electrochemical catalysis,are discussed at the single-atom level.展开更多
The Cryogenian Sturtian(717–660 Ma)and Marinoan glacial deposits(∼650–635 Ma),typically consisting of alternating layers of glaciogenic diamictite and clast-free lithofacies,indicate dynamic glaciers or glacial-int...The Cryogenian Sturtian(717–660 Ma)and Marinoan glacial deposits(∼650–635 Ma),typically consisting of alternating layers of glaciogenic diamictite and clast-free lithofacies,indicate dynamic glaciers or glacial-interglacial cycles during the global glaciations.This may result from ice sublimation in tropics under a Snowball Earth condition.However,this model fails to explain the deposition patterns observed in mid-latitude continents.We propose the presence of unfrozen oceans while the continents are covered,i.e.,the icy-continents.The open-ocean condition requires low atmospheric pCO_(2)level.We argued that the mantle CO_(2)degassing could be counterbalanced by a growing pool of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in the deep ocean,maintaining a small marine dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)pool and a low atmospheric pCO_(2)level.The persistent marine productivity in the open ocean would support the expanded DOC pool due to reduced ocean ventilation and limited terrestrial inputs of oxidants.However,the global glaciation with open oceans was climatically unstable.The fluctuation of the DOC pool on a local or regional scale likely contributed to the frequent glacial-interglacial oscillations recorded in the rock records.Additionally,the expansion of the DOC pool removed seawater nutrients,e.g.,phosphorus(P),and insufficient nutrient supply prevented the transfer of mantle-degassing carbon as DOC,ultimately leading to the termination of global glaciation.The turnover of the DOC pool,caused by deep ocean ventilation in the deglacial period,significantly increased the atmospheric pCO_(2)level.This event was followed by intense continental weathering,increased seawater pH,recovery of primary productivity,cap carbonate precipitation,and eventually,the emergence of new life forms and innovations in the biosphere.展开更多
A carbon paste modified sensor based on a novel composite of zinc oxide nanoparticles deposited on reduced graphene oxide(ZnO-rGrO) and Prussian blue(PB) was drop-cast(ZnO-rGrO-PB/MCPE) for the sensitive estimation of...A carbon paste modified sensor based on a novel composite of zinc oxide nanoparticles deposited on reduced graphene oxide(ZnO-rGrO) and Prussian blue(PB) was drop-cast(ZnO-rGrO-PB/MCPE) for the sensitive estimation of Rutin(Rtn) at pH 7.0.The high surface area of ZnO-rGrO and electrocatalytic property of PB promotes the oxidation of Rtn. Field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) techniques were employed to confirm the deposition of ZnO-rGrO and PB on carbon paste electrode(CPE). The ability of ZnO-rGrO-PB/MCPE in charge transfer at the interface was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The heterogeneous rate constant(ks) and the charge transfer coefficient(α) have been calculated as 6.08 s^(-1) and 0.74 respectively. This sensor showed a wide linear response for Rtn from 7.0×10^(-8)to 7.0×10^(-6) M and 7.0×10^(-6) to 1.0×10^(-4) M with a limit of detection(2.05±0.04)×10^(-8) M(S/N=3). The application of ZnO-rGrO-PB/MCPE was found in the analysis of Rtn in fruit juice samples using standard addition method. This sensor showed good reproducibility, stability, selectivity and sensitivity.展开更多
A two-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes(RANS)simulation of a dual mode ramjet(DMRJ)combustor is performed,modeling the University of Michigan dual-mode combustor experimental setup operating in reacting mode...A two-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes(RANS)simulation of a dual mode ramjet(DMRJ)combustor is performed,modeling the University of Michigan dual-mode combustor experimental setup operating in reacting mode with different equivalence ratios(4).The simulations are carried out using a k-u SST turbulence model and a steady diffusion flamelet model for non-premixed combustion.Air enters the isolator at Mach 2.2,stagnation pressure and temperature of 549.2 kPa and 1400 K respectively.Hydrogen is injected transverse to the flow direction and upstream of the cavity flame holder to simulate ramjet(4 Z 0.29)and scramjet(4 Z 0.19)modes of operation.Wall static pressure plots are used to validate numerical results against experimental data.Analysis of flow separation in ramjet mode due to the presence of a shock train in the isolator is carried out by means of numerical Schlieren images overlapped with contours of negative axial velocity,showing the effects of shock wave boundary layer interaction(SWBLI).Active control through wall normal boundary layer bleed in the separated flow region is implemented,which weakens the shock train and moves it downstream closer to the cavity.Bleed results in an improved stagnation pressure recovery in ramjet mode,with a marginal increase in combustion efficiency.展开更多
文摘In the intricate landscape of healthcare,vicarious liability looms large,shaping the responsibilities and actions of healthcare practitioners and administrators alike.Illustrated by a poignant scenario of a medication error,this article navigates the complexities of vicarious liability in healthcare.It explains the legal basis and ramifications of this theory,emphasizing its importance in fostering responsibility,protecting patient welfare,and easing access to justice.The paper explores the practical effects of vicarious responsibility on day-to-day operations,leadership practices,and decision-making processes via the eyes of senior consultants,junior doctors,and hospital administrators.Through comprehensive insights and real-world examples,it underscores the imperative of fostering a culture of accountability,communication,and quality care to navigate the intricate web of liabilities inherent in modern healthcare.
文摘Surface with well-defined components and structures possesses unique electronic,magnetic,optical and chemical properties.As a result,surface chemistry research plays a crucial role in various fields such as catalysis,energy,materials,quantum,and microelectronics.Surface science mainly investigates the correspondence between surface property and functionality.Scanning probe microscopy(SPM)techniques are important tools to characterize surface properties because of the capability of atomic-scale imaging,spectroscopy and manipulation at the single-atom level.In this review,we summarize recent advances in surface electronic,magnetic and optical properties characterized mainly by SPM-based methods.We focus on elucidating theπ-magnetism in graphene-based nanostructures,construction of spin qubits on surfaces,topology properties of surface organic structures,STM-based light emission,tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and integration of machine learning in SPM studies.
文摘Moringa oleifera,native to India,grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.It is commonly known as‘drumstick tree’or‘horseradish tree’.Moringa can withstand both severe drought and mild frost conditions and hence widely cultivated across the world.With its high nutritive values,every part of the tree is suitable for either nutritional or commercial purposes.The leaves are rich in minerals,vitamins and other essential phytochemicals.Extracts from the leaves are used to treat malnutrition,augment breast milk in lactating mothers.It is used as potential antioxidant,anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antidiabetic and antimicrobial agent.M.oleifera seed,a natural coagulant is extensively used in water treatment.The scientific effort of this research provides insights on the use of moringa as a cure for diabetes and cancer and fortification of moringa in commercial products.This review explores the use of moringa across disciplines for its medicinal value and deals with cultivation,nutrition,commercial and prominent pharmacological properties of this“Miracle Tree”.
文摘The adaptive control of nonlinear systems that are linear in the unknown but time-varying parameters are treated in this paper.Since satisfactory transient performance is an important factor,multiple models are required as these parameters change abruptly in the parameter space.In this paper we consider both the multiple models with switching and tuning methodology as well as multiple models with second level adaptation for this class of systems.We demonstrate that the latter approach is better than the former.
基金the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi for granting him a fellowship under the Innovation in Science Pursuit for the Inspired Research (INSPIRE) Program (No. DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/[IF 150253])
文摘The weakly nonlinear stability of the triple diffusive convection in a Maxwell fluid saturated porous layer is investigated. In some cases, disconnected oscillatory neutral curves ave found to exist, indicating that three critical thermal Darcy-Rayleigh numbers are required to specify the linear instability criteria. However, another distinguishing feature predicted from that of Newtonian fluids is the impossibility of quasi-periodic bifurcation from the rest state. Besides, the co-dimensional two bifurcation points are located in the Darcy-Prandtl number and the stress relaxation parameter plane. It is observed that the value of the stress relaxation parameter defining the crossover between stationary and oscillatory bifurcations decreases when the Darcy-Prandtl number increases. A cubic Landau equation is derived based on the weakly nonlinear stability analysis. It is found that the bifurcating oscillatory solution is either supercritical or subcritical, depending on the choice of the physical parameters. Heat and mass transfers are estimated in terms of time and area-averaged Nusselt numbers.
文摘To ensure the safe operation of any software controlled critical systems,quality factors like reliability and safety are given utmost importance.In this paper,we have chosen to analyze the impact of logic error that is one of the contributors to the above factors.In view of this,we propose a novel framework based on a data driven approach known as software failure estimation with logic error(SFELE).Here,the probabilistic nature of software error is explored by observing the operation of a safety critical system by injecting logic fault.The occurrence of error,its propagations and transformations are analyzed from its inception to end of its execution cycle through the hidden Markov model(HMM)technique.We found that the proposed framework SFELE supports in labeling and quantifying the behavioral properties of selected errors in a safety critical system while traversing across its system components in addition to reliability estimation of the system.Our attempt at the design level can help the design engineers to improve their system quality in a costeffective manner.
文摘The 1.86 Ga Liangtun-Kuangdonggou complex (LKC) is one of the oldest alkaline syenite bodies so far discovered in China. This syenite suite has elevated contents of total alkali (K-2O+Na-2O), with an average of {10.50%}, and a mean Rittmann Index (σ) of {6.48}. The intrusions have slightly higher concentrations of K-2O than those of Na-2O on a weight percent basis, indicating the rocks belong to potassium-rich alkaline syenite series. Total rare-earth element concentrations (∑REE ) of the rocks are relatively high, ranging from 324×10{-6} to 1314×10{-6}, with a mean value of 666×10{-6}. The REE patterns are subparallel and rightward steep with (La/Yb)-N >33, showing mild negative to positive Eu anomalies (δEu: {0.63}-{1.15}). All samples exhibit strong LILE and LREE enrichments and TNT (Nb, Ta, Ti) and P depletions in multi-element spidergrams. On the ε-{Sr}(t)-ε-{Nd}(t) correlation diagram, most analytical data points plot within the enriched mantle field with low ({{}{87}Sr/{86}Sr)-i} ratios ({0.7045}-{0.7051}) and negative ε-{Nd}(t) values ({-3.72}-{-3.97}), falling among those kimberlites from Fuxian County, Liaoning Provinve, from Mengyin County, Shandong Province and the Ⅱ-type kimberlites from South Africa. These characteristics imply that the LKC-rocks may have the same source as the above-mentioned kimberlites, i.e., they have close connections to the materials derived from enriched mantle reservoirs, further revealing that the upper mantle beneath the northeastern part of the North China Plate had been highly enriched before {1.86} Ga. Geodynamically, the LKC-rocks were formed in a within-plate environment with close genetic connections to rift-related alkaline magma activities possibly controlled by ancient mantle plumes.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation[grant 2020A1515011294,2020A1515110230,and 2021A1515011765]the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[grant 2021M693594]+1 种基金the Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission[grant No.2021-2023-12,No.20201A011054]Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau[grant 2021BRP004]。
文摘Objective Improvement in the quality of life is reflected in the narrowing of the gap between healthadjusted life expectancy(HALE)and life expectancy(LE).The effect of megacity expansion on narrowing the gap is rarely reported.This study aimed to disclose this potential relationship.Methods Annual life tables were constructed from identified death records and population counts from multiple administrative sources in Guangzhou,China,from 2010 to 2020.Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the temporal trend.Generalized principal component analysis and multilevel models were applied to examine the county-level association between the gap and social determinants.Results Although LE and HALE in megacities are increasing steadily,their gap is widening.Socioeconomic and health services are guaranteed to narrow this gap.Increasing personal wealth,a growing number of newborns and healthy immigrants,high urbanization,and healthy aging have helped in narrowing this gap.Conclusion In megacities,parallel LE and HALE growth should be highly considered to narrow their gap.Multiple social determinants need to be integrated as a whole to formulate public health plans.
基金financially supported by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(No.51925104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173251)+2 种基金NSFC-Guangdong Province Joint Program(Key program No.U21A2084)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(No.226Z1303G)Yanzhao Young Scientist Project(No.C2023202018)and Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7232338)。
文摘Deep tissue infections caused by pathogenic bacteria seriously threat the lives of patients.In this study a smart heterostructured Au/Cu-BTA(BTA=1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine)with microwave(MW)response is synthesized via NaBH_(4)reduction of HAuCl_(4)on the Cu-BTA.Au/Cu-BTA exhibits excellent hyperthermy and dynamics under MW irradiation.The MW thermal mechanism of Au/Cu-BTA is attributed to the excellen dielectric loss and polarization of the heterogeneous interface.Meanwhile,the surface energy levels of the Cu-BTA interface alleviate the difficulty of electron hopping through multistage transition.Therefore,MW can excite Cu-BTA to produce free electrons.Subsequently,Au nanoparticles rapidly increase electron transfer and inhibit electron-hole recombination.Hence,the yields of reactive oxygen species can be enhanced for MW dynamic therapy Consequently,under 10 min of MW irradiation,Au/Cu-BTA killed 99.998%±0.001% of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus,99.966%±0.014% of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,and 96.871%±0.831% of Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The effective MW bacteria-killing strategy designed in this study shows significant potential for application in the MW-responsive treatment of deep tissue infections without antibiotics.
文摘The linear Rayleigh-Bénard electro-convective stability of the Newtonian dielectric liquid is determined theoretically subject to the temperature modulation with time.A perturbation method is used to compute the critical Rayleigh number and the wave number.The critical Rayleigh number is calculated as a function of the frequency of modulation,the temperature-dependent variable viscosity,the electric field dependent variable viscosity,the Prandtl number,and the electric Rayleigh number.The effects of all three cases of modulations are established to delay or advance the onset of the convection process.In addition,how the effect of variable viscosity controls the onset of convection is studied.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology(MeitY),Government of India for financial support through the scholarship for Palli Padmini,during research work through Visvesvaraya Ph.D.Scheme for Electronics and IT.
文摘The present work presents a statistical method to translate human voices across age groups,based on commonalities in voices of blood relations.The age-translated voices have been naturalized extracting the blood relation features e.g.,pitch,duration,energy,using Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients(MFCC),for social compatibility of the voice-impaired.The system has been demonstrated using standard English and an Indian language.The voice samples for resynthesis were derived from 12 families,with member ages ranging from 8–80 years.The voice-age translation,performed using the Pitch synchronous overlap and add(PSOLA)approach,by modulation of extracted voice features,was validated by perception test.The translated and resynthesized voices were correlated using Linde,Buzo,Gray(LBG),and Kekre’s Fast Codebook generation(KFCG)algorithms.For translated voice targets,a strong(θ>∼93%andθ>∼96%)correlation was found with blood relatives,whereas,a weak(θ<∼78%andθ<∼80%)correlation range was found between different families and different gender from same families.The study further subcategorized the sampling and synthesis of the voices into similar or dissimilar gender groups,using a support vector machine(SVM)choosing between available voice samples.Finally,∼96%,∼93%,and∼94%accuracies were obtained in the identification of the gender of the voice sample,the age group samples,and the correlation between the original and converted voice samples,respectively.The results obtained were close to the natural voice sample features and are envisaged to facilitate a near-natural voice for speech-impaired easily.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge theMinistry of Electronics and Informa-tion Technology(MeitY)Government of India for financial support through the scholarship for Palli Padmini,during research work through Visvesvaraya Ph.D.Scheme for Electronics and IT.
文摘The present system experimentally demonstrates a synthesis of syllables and words from tongue manoeuvers in multiple languages,captured by four oral sensors only.For an experimental demonstration of the system used in the oral cavity,a prototype tooth model was used.Based on the principle developed in a previous publication by the author(s),the proposed system has been implemented using the oral cavity(tongue,teeth,and lips)features alone,without the glottis and the larynx.The positions of the sensors in the proposed system were optimized based on articulatory(oral cavity)gestures estimated by simulating the mechanism of human speech.The system has been tested for all English alphabets and several words with sensor-based input along with an experimental demonstration of the developed algorithm,with limit switches,potentiometer,and flex sensors emulating the tongue in an artificial oral cavity.The system produces the sounds of vowels,consonants,and words in English,along with the pronunciation of meanings of their translations in four major Indian languages,all from oral cavity mapping.The experimental setup also caters to gender mapping of voice.The sound produced from the hardware has been validated by a perceptual test to verify the gender and word of the speech sample by listeners,with∼98%and∼95%accuracy,respectively.Such a model may be useful to interpret speech for those who are speech-disabled because of accidents,neuron disorder,spinal cord injury,or larynx disorder.
文摘Numerical predictions are made for Laminar Forced convection heat transfer with and without buoyancy effects for Supercritical Nitrogen flowing over an isothermal horizontal flat plate with a heated surface facing downwards.Computations are performed by varying the value ofΔT from5 to 30 K and P_(∞)/P_(cr)ratio from1.1 to 1.5.Variation of all the thermophysical properties of supercritical Nitrogen is considered.The wall temperatures are chosen in such a way that two values of Tw are less than T∗(T*is the temperature at which the fluid has a maximum value of Cp for the given pressure),one value equal to T∗and two values greater than T∗.Three different values of U∞are used to obtain Re∞range of 3.6×10_(4)to 4.74×10^(5)for forced convection without buoyancy effects and Gr_(∞)/Re^(2)_(∞)range of 0.011 to 3.107 for the case where buoyancy effects are predominant.Six different forms of correlations are proposed based on numerical predictions and are compared with actual numerical predictions.It has been found that in all six forms of correlations,the maximum deviations are found to occur in those cases where the pseudocritical temperature TT∗lies between the wall temperature and bulk fluid temperature.
基金Institutional FundsR01-CA118947,R01-CA152826,from the National Cancer Institute(NCI)R01-AT007065 from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicines(NCCAM)and the Office of Dietary Supplements(ODS)
文摘The dietary phytochemicals curcumin （CUR） and sulforaphane （SFN） have shown remarkable cancer chemopreventive effects in many model systems. This study was designed to investigate the induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes by combining doses of CUR and SFN and the effect of their combination on the Nrf2-ARE （antioxidant response element） response in HepG2-C8 cells. We hypothesized that the combination of the polyphenol CUR and the isothiocyanate SFN could enhance the induction of AREs and Nrf2-target enzymes. HepG2-C8 cells were treated with a combination of low doses of CUR, SFN or both. The induction of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes-heme oxygenase-1 （HO-I） and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-1A （UGT1A）-was measured by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. ARE-luciferase activity was also quantified. Low doses of CUR （10 ~tM） and SFN （12.5 ~tM） significantly induced the expression of HO-1 and UGT 1 A1 proteins. Through the use of chemical inhibitors of mRNA and protein synthesis, the combination of CUR and SFN was shown to affect the transcriptional regulation of both HO-1 and UGT1A1. Additionally, the combination of CUR and SFN synergistically induced the expression of Nrf2- and ARE-luciferase activity in HepG2-C8 cells. Thus, CUR and SFN at low concentrations augment therapeutic effects in HepG2-C8 cells. The enhanced ARE-luciferase activity of combined CUR and SFN treatment could partly explain the significant induction of the Nrf2-target enzymes HO-1 and UGT1A1. Taken together, our results suggest that combining low doses of CUR and SNF could be a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention in humans.
基金Projectp oupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20272002), Ministry of Education of China (SRF for ROCS and EYTP), and Peking University (President grant).
文摘 Phosphonate and phosphonamidate peptides are phosphorus analogues of natural peptides. They have been great used as stable mimetics of tetrahedral transition states as enzyme inhibitors and as haptens for catalytic antibody research in recent years. Although several methods are available for the preparation of phosphonate peptides and phosphonamidate peptides, all of them use phosphonic acid derivatives as starting materials. The overall yields from the synthesis of phosphonic acid derivatives to desired peptides are not satisfactory in most cases.……
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22225202,92356309,22132007,21991132,22172002)。
文摘Surface chemistry focuses on the investigation of the adsorption,migration,assembly,activation,reaction,and desorption of atoms and molecules at surfaces.Surface chemistry plays the pivotal roles in both fundamental science and applied technology.This review will summarize the recent progresses on surface assembly,synthesis and catalysis investigated mainly by scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy.Surface assemblies of water and small biomolecules,construction of Sierpin′ski triangles and surface chirality are summarized.On-surface synthesis of conjugated carbo-and heterocycles and other kinds of carbon nanostructures are surveyed.Surface model catalysis,including single-atom catalysis and electrochemical catalysis,are discussed at the single-atom level.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42225304 and 42293291).
文摘The Cryogenian Sturtian(717–660 Ma)and Marinoan glacial deposits(∼650–635 Ma),typically consisting of alternating layers of glaciogenic diamictite and clast-free lithofacies,indicate dynamic glaciers or glacial-interglacial cycles during the global glaciations.This may result from ice sublimation in tropics under a Snowball Earth condition.However,this model fails to explain the deposition patterns observed in mid-latitude continents.We propose the presence of unfrozen oceans while the continents are covered,i.e.,the icy-continents.The open-ocean condition requires low atmospheric pCO_(2)level.We argued that the mantle CO_(2)degassing could be counterbalanced by a growing pool of dissolved organic carbon(DOC)in the deep ocean,maintaining a small marine dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)pool and a low atmospheric pCO_(2)level.The persistent marine productivity in the open ocean would support the expanded DOC pool due to reduced ocean ventilation and limited terrestrial inputs of oxidants.However,the global glaciation with open oceans was climatically unstable.The fluctuation of the DOC pool on a local or regional scale likely contributed to the frequent glacial-interglacial oscillations recorded in the rock records.Additionally,the expansion of the DOC pool removed seawater nutrients,e.g.,phosphorus(P),and insufficient nutrient supply prevented the transfer of mantle-degassing carbon as DOC,ultimately leading to the termination of global glaciation.The turnover of the DOC pool,caused by deep ocean ventilation in the deglacial period,significantly increased the atmospheric pCO_(2)level.This event was followed by intense continental weathering,increased seawater pH,recovery of primary productivity,cap carbonate precipitation,and eventually,the emergence of new life forms and innovations in the biosphere.
基金supported by Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS, BARC, Mumbai)Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India (37(2)/14/10/2014-brns)
文摘A carbon paste modified sensor based on a novel composite of zinc oxide nanoparticles deposited on reduced graphene oxide(ZnO-rGrO) and Prussian blue(PB) was drop-cast(ZnO-rGrO-PB/MCPE) for the sensitive estimation of Rutin(Rtn) at pH 7.0.The high surface area of ZnO-rGrO and electrocatalytic property of PB promotes the oxidation of Rtn. Field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) techniques were employed to confirm the deposition of ZnO-rGrO and PB on carbon paste electrode(CPE). The ability of ZnO-rGrO-PB/MCPE in charge transfer at the interface was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The heterogeneous rate constant(ks) and the charge transfer coefficient(α) have been calculated as 6.08 s^(-1) and 0.74 respectively. This sensor showed a wide linear response for Rtn from 7.0×10^(-8)to 7.0×10^(-6) M and 7.0×10^(-6) to 1.0×10^(-4) M with a limit of detection(2.05±0.04)×10^(-8) M(S/N=3). The application of ZnO-rGrO-PB/MCPE was found in the analysis of Rtn in fruit juice samples using standard addition method. This sensor showed good reproducibility, stability, selectivity and sensitivity.
文摘A two-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes(RANS)simulation of a dual mode ramjet(DMRJ)combustor is performed,modeling the University of Michigan dual-mode combustor experimental setup operating in reacting mode with different equivalence ratios(4).The simulations are carried out using a k-u SST turbulence model and a steady diffusion flamelet model for non-premixed combustion.Air enters the isolator at Mach 2.2,stagnation pressure and temperature of 549.2 kPa and 1400 K respectively.Hydrogen is injected transverse to the flow direction and upstream of the cavity flame holder to simulate ramjet(4 Z 0.29)and scramjet(4 Z 0.19)modes of operation.Wall static pressure plots are used to validate numerical results against experimental data.Analysis of flow separation in ramjet mode due to the presence of a shock train in the isolator is carried out by means of numerical Schlieren images overlapped with contours of negative axial velocity,showing the effects of shock wave boundary layer interaction(SWBLI).Active control through wall normal boundary layer bleed in the separated flow region is implemented,which weakens the shock train and moves it downstream closer to the cavity.Bleed results in an improved stagnation pressure recovery in ramjet mode,with a marginal increase in combustion efficiency.
