This study investigates the genetic differentiation and gene flow within the Subalpine Warbler(Curruca cantillans)complex using mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)analysis.We focused on three primary populations based on phyloge...This study investigates the genetic differentiation and gene flow within the Subalpine Warbler(Curruca cantillans)complex using mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)analysis.We focused on three primary populations based on phylogenetic findings and geographical distributions.Popl:Includes C.c.albistriata(distributed in extreme northeast Italy(Trieste),southern Slovenia,and south along the north Adriatic coast to Albania,as well as east to southern Bulgaria,Greece,Crete,and western Turkey,with non-breeding grounds in the central and eastern Sahel from eastern Mali to northwest Sudan)and C.c.cantillans(occurring in Sicily,central and southern Italy,and locally in north-central Italy,with non-breeding grounds presumably in the western Sahel).Pop2:Represents C.iberiae,found in Spain and western France.Pop3:Comprises C.subalpina,distributed across the Balearic Islands,Corsica,Sardinia,some Tuscan islands,and north and central Italy,with non-breeding grounds extending into the western Sahel,reaching northern Nigeria and Niger.Our genetic analysis indicates that all three populations have expanded recently but maintain unique genetic structures.Despite this recent expansion,the populations exhibit limited genetic diversity.Using AMOVA,we found that most genetic variation is between populations rather than within them,indicating significant genetic differentiation.This study uniquely combines population genetic data with advanced analyses to provide detailed insights into the genetic structure and connectivity of the Subalpine Warbler complex,highlighting the distinct genetic lineages within the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is currently the leading cause of end-stage liver disease and liver cancer in the world because of the obesity pandemic.Insulin resistance resulting from abdo...Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is currently the leading cause of end-stage liver disease and liver cancer in the world because of the obesity pandemic.Insulin resistance resulting from abdominal adiposity is the main cause of MAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus among these patients.Although very common,therapeutic options for MAFLD are currently limited.Metabolic and bariatric surgery is the best treatment option for weight loss that can also improve MAFLD in a very high proportion of patients.However,surgical interventions are expensive,technically challenging,and carry significant immediate and long-term postoperative risks.Duodenal mucosal ablation,a malabsorptive endoscopic bariatric intervention,has shown beneficial effects in the management of obesity with an improvement of insulin resistance.It alters the duodenal mucosal lining,which helps maintain cellular homeostasis and better intestinal endocrine function.This process helps reduce lipid deposition in the liver,maintain serum lipid levels,and promote weight loss,especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-related MAFLD.However,some of these effects were independent of weight loss and food intake.As a minimally invasive procedure,it is beneficial for patients who have not had success with drug therapy alone,though this approach needs to be tested and further developed in future clinical trials.A basic study by Yu et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology on duodenal mucosal ablation using irreversible electroporation,when experimented on rats,has shown fewer complications compared to other metabolic surgeries.This editorial describes the minimally invasive endoscopic bariatric strategies for the management of obesity and MAFLD in light of this experimental study.展开更多
We aim to study the semen carriage of human papillomavirus(HPV)and evaluate its association with patient characteristics.We conduct a single-center cohort study at Amiens University Hospital Center(Amiens,France).From...We aim to study the semen carriage of human papillomavirus(HPV)and evaluate its association with patient characteristics.We conduct a single-center cohort study at Amiens University Hospital Center(Amiens,France).From May 1 to October 31,2021,461 men consulting for infertility and with semen analysis data were included.Each participant gave his written informed consent for the use of laboratory,demographic,clinical,and lifestyle data.A proportion of the semen samples were sent to a virology laboratory for HPV screening in a polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay.In univariate and multivariate analyses with a logistic regression model,HPV+and HPV−groups were compared with regard to semen characteristics(including the DNA fragmentation index and the sperm decondensation index)and demographic,clinical,and lifestyle variables.Semen HPV carriage was detected in 22.3% of the patients.High-oncogenic-risk HPV genotypes were predominant(57.6%).Multivariate analysis showed that HPV carriage was significantly associated with the presence of at least one abnormal spermogram dinging(according to the 6th World Health Organization criteria),with an adjusted odds ratio(OR)of 4.10(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.32-7.25,P<0.001).A statistically significant association was also found for the type of infertility(OR:1.61,95%CI:1.00-2.57,P=0.05),the presence of varicocele(OR:3.99,95%CI:1.48-10.71,P=0.01),and a history of cryptorchidism,testicular ectopia,or monorchidism(OR:3.54,95%CI:1.07-11.66,P=0.04).Infection with a single HPV genotype or multiple HPV genotypes was significantly associated with at least one abnormal spermogram finding for all HPV oncogenic risk groups(OR:3.93,95%CI:2.08-7.41,P<0.001;and OR:4.11,95%CI:1.58-10.68,P=0.01,respectively).The association between sperm HPV carriage and the risk of infertility was statistically significant in a multivariate analysis(OR:5.63,95%CI:3.16-10.01,P<0.001)and after adjustment for the propensity score(OR:6.10,95%CI:3.33-11.21,P<0.001).Our results suggest that semen HPV carriage has an impact on male fertility.Sperm screening for HPV might be a useful addition to the work-up for male infertility.展开更多
Impervious surfaces are the result of urbanization that can be explicitly quantified, managed and controlled at each stage of land development. It is a very useful environmental indicator that can be used to measure t...Impervious surfaces are the result of urbanization that can be explicitly quantified, managed and controlled at each stage of land development. It is a very useful environmental indicator that can be used to measure the impacts of urbanization on surface runoff, water quality, air quality, biodiversity and rnicroclimate. Therefore, accurate estimation of impervious surfaces is critical for urban environmental monitoring, land management, decision-making and urban planning. Many approaches have been developed to estimate surface imperviousness, using remotely sensed data with various spatial resolutions. However, few studies, have investigated the effects of spatial resolution on estimating surface imperviousness. We compare medium-resolution Landsat data with high-resolution SPOT images to quantify the imperviousness in Beijing, China. The results indicated that the overall 91% accuracy of estimates of imperviousness based on TM data was considerably higher than the 81% accuracy of the SPOT data. The higher resolution SPOT data did not always predict the imperviousness of the land better than the TM data. At the whole city level, the TM data better predicts the percentage cover of impervious surfaces. At the sub-city level, however, the ring belts from the central core to the urban-rural peripheral, the SPOT data may better predict the imperviousness. These results highlighted the need to combine multiple resolution data to quantify the percentage of imperviousness, as higher resolution data do not necessarily lead to more accurate estimates. The methodology and results in this study can be utilized to identify the most suitable remote sensing data to quickly and efficiently extract the pattern of the impervious land, which could provide the base for further study on many related urban environmental problems.展开更多
Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart...Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.展开更多
Background There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry production.This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeas...Background There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry production.This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeast(ETY) on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,antioxidative status,and cecal mucosa cytokines of coccidia-challenged broiler chickens.Methods From d 1 to 14 post hatching,480 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations of ETY(0,1,or 2 g/kg).The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with body weight(BW) used as a blocking factor.On d 14 post hatching,the birds were re-randomized within each of the 3 experimental diets.Each of the 3 diet groups was split into a challenge or no-challenge group.This resulted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments.The coccidia challenge was administered on d 15 by an oral gavage.Results Dietary ETY improved(P < 0.05) the G:F of birds on d 21 regardless of the challenge state and linearly increased(P < 0.01) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter(DM),nitrogen,and gross energy(GE).The coccidia challenge decreased(P < 0.05) BW gain and feed intake of broiler chickens and reduced(P < 0.01) the total tract retention of DM,GE,and nitrogen.The coccidia challenge increased(P < 0.01) the mRNA gene expression of TNFα,IL-1β,IL-10,and IL-6 in the cecal mucosa.There was a tendency(P ne = 0.08) for ETY to linearly reduce IL-1β expression.Additionally,ETY supplementation increased(P < 0.05) the geexpression of OCLN.Serum catalase increased(P < 0.05) with dietary ETY in broiler chickens on d 21.Dietary ETY linearly increased(P < 0.05) the ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio,and ileal goblet cell density in broiler chickens.The ileal and excreta oocyst counts decreased(P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of dietary ETY in coccidia-challenged broiler chickens on d 21.Conclusions Dietary ETY enhanced nutrient utilization and augmented intestinal development in broiler chickens.However,dietary ETY did not completely attenuate the adverse effects of a coccidia challenge in broiler chickens.展开更多
Dear Editor,The cell,as the fundamental unit of life,presents core challenges in biological research due to its inherent complexity and dynamic properties.A recent perspective published in Cell[1]and an out-of-box art...Dear Editor,The cell,as the fundamental unit of life,presents core challenges in biological research due to its inherent complexity and dynamic properties.A recent perspective published in Cell[1]and an out-of-box article in The Innovation Life[2]outlined our visions for constructing artificial intelligence virtual cells(AIVCs).Unlike other diseases,cancer is fundamentally a cellular disease.While other disciplines focus on pathophysiological changes at the system or organ level,cancer uniquely begins with abnormal proliferation triggered by genomic instability at the cellular level,subsequently inducing local microenvironment remodeling.展开更多
Endometriosis is the ectopic growth of viable endometrium outside the uterus, affecting approximately 7% of females. It commonly affects pelvic structures including the bowel. Perforation of the colon by endometriosis...Endometriosis is the ectopic growth of viable endometrium outside the uterus, affecting approximately 7% of females. It commonly affects pelvic structures including the bowel. Perforation of the colon by endometriosis is very rare and the patients generally present with an asymptomatic or painful pelvic mass, often in the left iliac fossa. Our patient presented acutely unwell and her symptoms were more suggestive of pyelonephritis or diverticulitis. We therefore report an unusual cause of acute abdomen. The purpose of the following case report is to elucidate certain diagnostic and therapeutic problems of the disease, concerning both surgeons and gynaecologists. In summary, intestinal endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all post-menarche women with episodic gastrointestinal symptoms. A past history of endometriosis or co-existent gynaecological symptoms should increase the index of suspicion, and taparoscopy prior to formal laparotomy should be considered. Our patient, in retrospect, had a history of mild endometriosis, but we feel that this case serves as a reminder of a rare, but important, differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in females.展开更多
Coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal struct...Coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal structure formation, without any secondary phase. It is shown that, the relatively large ionic radius of the dopant cations results in an expansion of the lattice parameter, variations in the Iona-O-Iondangle, Iona-O,Iond-O and Ionc-O bond distances and decrease in the average crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and Raman measurements are essential to testify the single-phase formation of YIG crystal structure and are observed changes in the stretching and vibrational modes, respectively. The morphological study, energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) spectra and textural properties show corallike structures, peaks associated with Pr^(3+) and Yb^(3+) atoms and the effect of dopants on surface area,diameter, and pore volume, respectively. The optical analysis from diffuse reflectance spectra witnessed an increase in the optical gap band, a decrease in Urbach energy and blue shift in the charge transfer,correlated with the expansion of the unit cell due to the dopant's insertion in the YIG structure. A typical ferrimagnetic behavior is exhibited by the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12)compound. The saturation magnetization(M_(s)), cubic anisotropy constant(K_(1)) and coercive field(H_(c)) increase with the Pr^(3+)cations content, as consequence of their magnetic nature and distribution around of Fe^(3+)ions due to the coexistence with the Yb^(3+). Finally, for the first time, antibacterial tests by mean of the direct contact method were performed for YIG co-doped with Pr^(3+)and Yb^(3+)and it is shown that, relatively high dosages of Pr^(3+) cations favored the activity against S. aureus, therefore, a new biological property for YIG doped with rare earths is presented.展开更多
Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is an economically important disease of broiler chickens caused by Clostridium perfringens(CP).The pathogenesis,or disease process,of NE is still not clear.This study aimed to identify...Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is an economically important disease of broiler chickens caused by Clostridium perfringens(CP).The pathogenesis,or disease process,of NE is still not clear.This study aimed to identify the alterations of metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with subclinical or clinical NE in CP infected birds and to investi-gate the possible variations in the metabolic profile of birds infected with different isolates of CP.Methodology Using a well-established NE model,the protein content of feed was changed abruptly before expos-ing birds to CP isolates with different toxin genes combinations(cpa,cpb2,netB,tpeL;cpa,cpb2,netB;or cpa,cpb2).Metabolomics analysis of jejunal contents was performed by a targeted,fully quantitative LC-MS/MS based assay.Results This study detected statistically significant differential expression of 34 metabolites including organic acids,amino acids,fatty acids,and biogenic amines,including elevation of butyric acid at onset of NE in broiler chickens.Subsequent analysis of broilers infected with CP isolates with different toxin gene combinations confirmed an eleva-tion of butyric acid consistently among 21 differentially expressed metabolites including organic acids,amino acids,and biogenic amines,underscoring its potential role during the development of NE.Furthermore,protein-metabolite network analysis revealed significant alterations in butyric acid and arginine-proline metabolisms.Conclusion This study indicates a significant metabolic difference between CP-infected and non-infected broiler chickens.Among all the metabolites,butyric acid increased significantly in CP-infected birds compared to non-infected healthy broilers.Logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between butyric acid(coefficient:1.23,P<0.01)and CP infection,while showing a negative association with amino acid metabolism.These findings suggest that butyric acid could be a crucial metabolite linked to the occurrence of NE in broiler chickens and may serve as an early indicator of the disease at the farm level.Further metabolomic experiments using different NE animal models and field studies are needed to determine the specificity and to validate metabolites associated with NE,regardless of predisposing factors.展开更多
There exists a complex interaction between obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and cancer,and an increase in the incidence of cancer is expected with the growing obesity-diabetes pandemic.The association of cancer w...There exists a complex interaction between obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and cancer,and an increase in the incidence of cancer is expected with the growing obesity-diabetes pandemic.The association of cancer with diabetes mellitus and obesity appears to be site-specific,the highest risk being for postmenopausal breast cancer,endometrial cancer,and colorectal cancer.Moreover,there is worsening of hyperglycaemia with the onset of cancer,evidencing a bidirectional link between cancer and diabetes mellitus and the need for monitoring for diabetes in cancer survivors.In this review,we look at the epidemiological evidence from observational studies and Mendelian randomization studies linking obesity,diabetes,and cancer,as well as the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved,including insulin resistance with associated hyperinsulinaemia,the effect of chronic low-grade inflammation,and the effect of various adipokines that are associated with obesity and T2DM.Additionally,we describe the novel therapeutic strategies,based on their role on the discrete pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the tumourigenesis.展开更多
The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)has increased substantially in recent years because of the global obesity pandemic.MAFLD,now recognized as the number one cause of chronic liver disease...The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)has increased substantially in recent years because of the global obesity pandemic.MAFLD,now recognized as the number one cause of chronic liver disease in the world,not only increases liver-related morbidity and mortality among sufferers but also worsens the complications associated with other comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus,obstructive sleep apnoea,lipid disorders and sarcopenia.Understanding the interplay between MAFLD and these comorbidities is important to design optimal therapeutic strategies.Sarcopenia can be either part of the disease process that results in MAFLD(e.g.,obesity or adiposity)or a consequence of MAFLD,especially in the advanced stages such as fibrosis and cirrhosis.Sarcopenia can also worsen MAFLD by reducing exercise capacity and by the production of various muscle-related chemical factors.Therefore,it is crucial to thoroughly understand how we deal with these diseases,especially when they coexist.We explore the pathobiological interlinks between MAFLD and sarcopenia in this comprehensive clinical update review article and propose evidence-based therapeutic strategies to enhance patient care.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)tract defects can be classified into three distinct entities:Leak,perforation,and fistula.Each arises from different mechanisms and is managed accordingly.Leaks occur most often after surgery,while...Gastrointestinal(GI)tract defects can be classified into three distinct entities:Leak,perforation,and fistula.Each arises from different mechanisms and is managed accordingly.Leaks occur most often after surgery,while perforations arise due to flexible endoscopic maneuvers.Fistulae arise from a variety of mechanisms,including specific disease states.Endoscopic management is vital in treating such defects if the region of interest can be accessed with the appropriate endoscopic accessories.The primary goal of endoscopic therapy is to interrupt the flow of luminal contents across a GI defect.Considering the proper endoscopic approach to luminal closure,several basic principles must be considered.Outcomes are dependent on the size and exact location of the leak/fistula,as well as the viability of the surrounding tissue.Almost all complex leaks and fistulae must be approached in a multidisciplinary manner,collaborating with colleagues in nutrition,radiology,and surgery.With advances in technology,a myriad of devices and accessories are available that allow a tailored approach.In this review,we discuss these modalities,provide technical tips,and review published outcomes data regarding each approach,as well as practical considerations for the successful closure of these defects.展开更多
Recently,the great potential of seismic dispersion attributes in oil and gas exploration has attracted extensive attention.The frequency-dependent amplitude versus offset(FAVO)technology,with dispersion gradient as a ...Recently,the great potential of seismic dispersion attributes in oil and gas exploration has attracted extensive attention.The frequency-dependent amplitude versus offset(FAVO)technology,with dispersion gradient as a hydrocarbon indicator,has developed rapidly.Based on the classical AVO theory,the technology works on the assumption that elastic parameters are frequency-dependent,and implements FAVO inversion using spectral decomposition methods,so that it can take dispersive effects into account and effectively overcome the limitations of the classical AVO.However,the factors that affect FAVO are complicated.To this end,we construct a unified equation for FAVO inversion by combining several Zoeppritz approximations.We study and compare two strategies respectively with(strategy 1)and without(strategy 2)velocity as inversion input data.Using theoretical models,we investigate the influence of various factors,such as the Zoeppritz approximation used,P-and S-wave velocity dispersion,inversion input data,the strong reflection caused by non-reservoir interfaces,and the noise level of the seismic data.Our results show that FAVO inversion based on different Zoeppritz approximations gives similar results.In addition,the inversion results of strategy 2 are generally equivalent to that of strategy 1,which means that strategy 2 can be used to obtain dispersion attributes even if the velocity is not available.We also found that the existence of non-reservoir strong reflection interface may cause significant false dispersion.Therefore,logging,geological,and other relevant data should be fully used to prevent this undesirable consequence.Both the P-and S-wave related dispersion obtained from FAVO can be used as good indicators of a hydrocarbon reservoir,but the P-wave dispersion is more reliable.In fact,due to the mutual coupling of P-and S-wave dispersion terms,the P-wave dispersion gradient inverted from PP reflection seismic data has a stronger hydrocarbon detection ability than the S-wave dispersion gradient.Moreover,there is little difference in using post-stack data or pre-stack angle gathers as inversion input when only the P-wave dispersion is desired.The real application examples further demonstrate that dispersion attributes can not only indicate the location of a hydrocarbon reservoir,but also,to a certain extent,reveal the physical properties of reservoirs.展开更多
Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is one of the important causes of chronic kidney disease(CKD)and end-stage renal failure(ESRF).Even with the best available treatment options,management of T1DM poses significant challeng...Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is one of the important causes of chronic kidney disease(CKD)and end-stage renal failure(ESRF).Even with the best available treatment options,management of T1DM poses significant challenges for clinicians across the world,especially when associated with CKD and ESRF.Substantial increases in morbidity and mortality along with marked rise in treatment costs and marked reduction of quality of life are the usual consequences of onset of CKD and progression to ESRF in patients with T1DM.Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant(SPK)is an attractive and promising treatment option for patients with advanced CKD/ESRF and T1DM for potential cure of these diseases and possibly several complications.However,limited availability of the organs for transplantation,the need for long-term immunosuppression to prevent rejection,peri-and post-operative complications of SPK,lack of resources and the expertise for the procedure in many centers,and the cost implications related to the surgery and postoperative care of these patients are major issues faced by clinicians across the globe.This clinical update review compiles the latest evidence and current recommendations of SPK for patients with T1DM and advanced CKD/ESRF to enable clinicians to care for these diseases.展开更多
The linear Rayleigh-Bénard electro-convective stability of the Newtonian dielectric liquid is determined theoretically subject to the temperature modulation with time.A perturbation method is used to compute the ...The linear Rayleigh-Bénard electro-convective stability of the Newtonian dielectric liquid is determined theoretically subject to the temperature modulation with time.A perturbation method is used to compute the critical Rayleigh number and the wave number.The critical Rayleigh number is calculated as a function of the frequency of modulation,the temperature-dependent variable viscosity,the electric field dependent variable viscosity,the Prandtl number,and the electric Rayleigh number.The effects of all three cases of modulations are established to delay or advance the onset of the convection process.In addition,how the effect of variable viscosity controls the onset of convection is studied.展开更多
BACKGROUND Approval of teduglutide is an important addition to the limited treatment options for short bowel syndrome(SBS).However,real-world evidence on teduglutide therapy for SBS in Latin America is scarce.AIM To i...BACKGROUND Approval of teduglutide is an important addition to the limited treatment options for short bowel syndrome(SBS).However,real-world evidence on teduglutide therapy for SBS in Latin America is scarce.AIM To investigate the effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in clinical practice in Argentina with a 24-week follow-up.METHODS This non-interventional multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients(aged≥1 years)with SBS who were dependent on parenteral support(PS)and received≥1 dose of teduglutide according to currently approved indications.RESULTS The study population(n=45)included 21 adult and 24 pediatric patients.The proportion of adult and pediatric patients who showed clinical response(defined as a≥20%reduction in weekly PS volume)after 24 weeks of treatment was 90.4%[95%confidence interval(CI):69.6%-98.8%]and 83.3%(95%CI:62.6%-95.2%),respectively.Overall,12 patients(26.6%;95%CI:14.6-41.9)were weaned from PS support at the 24-week assessment,6(28.5%;95%CI:11.5-52.1)in the adult cohort,and 6(25%;95%CI:9.7-46.7)in the pediatric cohort.Only baseline PS requirement was inversely associated with weaning from PS(P=0.025).The most frequently reported treatmentemergent adverse events(TEAEs)were mild to moderate abdominal pain and abdominal distension(16.6%;and 9.5%,respectively).None of the reported TEAEs led to treatment discontinuation.CONCLUSION This prospective real-world study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in adult and pediatric patients with SBS in Argentina.The clinical response observed in both adults and pediatric patients was greater than that reported in phase 3 trials and was consistent with the results of other real-world studies.展开更多
Rapid online analysis of liquid slag is essential for optimizing the quality and energy efficiency of steel production. To investigate the key factors that affect the online measurement of refined slag using laser-ind...Rapid online analysis of liquid slag is essential for optimizing the quality and energy efficiency of steel production. To investigate the key factors that affect the online measurement of refined slag using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS), this study examined the effects of slag composition and temperature on the intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. The experimental temperature was controlled at three levels: 1350℃, 1400℃, and 1450℃. The results showed that slag composition and temperature significantly affected the intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. Increasing the Fe content and temperature in the slag reduces its viscosity, resulting in an enhanced intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. Additionally, 42 refined slag samples were quantitatively analyzed for Fe, Si, Ca, Mg, Al, and Mn at 1350℃, 1400℃, and 1450℃.The normalized full spectrum combined with partial least squares(PLS) quantification modeling was used, using the Ca Ⅱ 317.91 nm spectral line as an internal standard. The results show that using the internal standard normalization method can significantly reduce the influence of spectral fluctuations. Meanwhile, a temperature of 1450℃ has been found to yield superior results compared to both 1350℃ and 1400℃, and it is advantageous to conduct a quantitative analysis of the slag when it is in a “water-like” state with low viscosity.展开更多
A vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)spectroscopy with a focal length of 1 m has been engineered specifically for observing edge impurity emissions in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).In this study,wavelength c...A vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)spectroscopy with a focal length of 1 m has been engineered specifically for observing edge impurity emissions in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).In this study,wavelength calibration for the VUV spectroscopy is achieved utilizing a zinc lamp.The grating angle and charge-coupled device(CCD)position are carefully calibrated for different wavelength positions.The wavelength calibration of the VUV spectroscopy is crucial for improving the accuracy of impurity spectral data,and is required to identify more impurity spectral lines for impurity transport research.Impurity spectra of EAST plasmas have also been obtained in the wavelength range of 50–300 nm with relatively high spectral resolution.It is found that the impurity emissions in the edge region are still dominated by low-Z impurities,such as carbon,oxygen,and nitrogen,albeit with the application of fulltungsten divertors on the EAST tokamak.展开更多
基金completed while U.P.was at theUniversity of Oxford,supported by TüBITAK BIDEB 2219(Grant Number:1059B192301787)。
文摘This study investigates the genetic differentiation and gene flow within the Subalpine Warbler(Curruca cantillans)complex using mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)analysis.We focused on three primary populations based on phylogenetic findings and geographical distributions.Popl:Includes C.c.albistriata(distributed in extreme northeast Italy(Trieste),southern Slovenia,and south along the north Adriatic coast to Albania,as well as east to southern Bulgaria,Greece,Crete,and western Turkey,with non-breeding grounds in the central and eastern Sahel from eastern Mali to northwest Sudan)and C.c.cantillans(occurring in Sicily,central and southern Italy,and locally in north-central Italy,with non-breeding grounds presumably in the western Sahel).Pop2:Represents C.iberiae,found in Spain and western France.Pop3:Comprises C.subalpina,distributed across the Balearic Islands,Corsica,Sardinia,some Tuscan islands,and north and central Italy,with non-breeding grounds extending into the western Sahel,reaching northern Nigeria and Niger.Our genetic analysis indicates that all three populations have expanded recently but maintain unique genetic structures.Despite this recent expansion,the populations exhibit limited genetic diversity.Using AMOVA,we found that most genetic variation is between populations rather than within them,indicating significant genetic differentiation.This study uniquely combines population genetic data with advanced analyses to provide detailed insights into the genetic structure and connectivity of the Subalpine Warbler complex,highlighting the distinct genetic lineages within the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot.
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is currently the leading cause of end-stage liver disease and liver cancer in the world because of the obesity pandemic.Insulin resistance resulting from abdominal adiposity is the main cause of MAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus among these patients.Although very common,therapeutic options for MAFLD are currently limited.Metabolic and bariatric surgery is the best treatment option for weight loss that can also improve MAFLD in a very high proportion of patients.However,surgical interventions are expensive,technically challenging,and carry significant immediate and long-term postoperative risks.Duodenal mucosal ablation,a malabsorptive endoscopic bariatric intervention,has shown beneficial effects in the management of obesity with an improvement of insulin resistance.It alters the duodenal mucosal lining,which helps maintain cellular homeostasis and better intestinal endocrine function.This process helps reduce lipid deposition in the liver,maintain serum lipid levels,and promote weight loss,especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-related MAFLD.However,some of these effects were independent of weight loss and food intake.As a minimally invasive procedure,it is beneficial for patients who have not had success with drug therapy alone,though this approach needs to be tested and further developed in future clinical trials.A basic study by Yu et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology on duodenal mucosal ablation using irreversible electroporation,when experimented on rats,has shown fewer complications compared to other metabolic surgeries.This editorial describes the minimally invasive endoscopic bariatric strategies for the management of obesity and MAFLD in light of this experimental study.
文摘We aim to study the semen carriage of human papillomavirus(HPV)and evaluate its association with patient characteristics.We conduct a single-center cohort study at Amiens University Hospital Center(Amiens,France).From May 1 to October 31,2021,461 men consulting for infertility and with semen analysis data were included.Each participant gave his written informed consent for the use of laboratory,demographic,clinical,and lifestyle data.A proportion of the semen samples were sent to a virology laboratory for HPV screening in a polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay.In univariate and multivariate analyses with a logistic regression model,HPV+and HPV−groups were compared with regard to semen characteristics(including the DNA fragmentation index and the sperm decondensation index)and demographic,clinical,and lifestyle variables.Semen HPV carriage was detected in 22.3% of the patients.High-oncogenic-risk HPV genotypes were predominant(57.6%).Multivariate analysis showed that HPV carriage was significantly associated with the presence of at least one abnormal spermogram dinging(according to the 6th World Health Organization criteria),with an adjusted odds ratio(OR)of 4.10(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.32-7.25,P<0.001).A statistically significant association was also found for the type of infertility(OR:1.61,95%CI:1.00-2.57,P=0.05),the presence of varicocele(OR:3.99,95%CI:1.48-10.71,P=0.01),and a history of cryptorchidism,testicular ectopia,or monorchidism(OR:3.54,95%CI:1.07-11.66,P=0.04).Infection with a single HPV genotype or multiple HPV genotypes was significantly associated with at least one abnormal spermogram finding for all HPV oncogenic risk groups(OR:3.93,95%CI:2.08-7.41,P<0.001;and OR:4.11,95%CI:1.58-10.68,P=0.01,respectively).The association between sperm HPV carriage and the risk of infertility was statistically significant in a multivariate analysis(OR:5.63,95%CI:3.16-10.01,P<0.001)and after adjustment for the propensity score(OR:6.10,95%CI:3.33-11.21,P<0.001).Our results suggest that semen HPV carriage has an impact on male fertility.Sperm screening for HPV might be a useful addition to the work-up for male infertility.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2008CB418104)the Major Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX1-YW-14-4-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40901265)
文摘Impervious surfaces are the result of urbanization that can be explicitly quantified, managed and controlled at each stage of land development. It is a very useful environmental indicator that can be used to measure the impacts of urbanization on surface runoff, water quality, air quality, biodiversity and rnicroclimate. Therefore, accurate estimation of impervious surfaces is critical for urban environmental monitoring, land management, decision-making and urban planning. Many approaches have been developed to estimate surface imperviousness, using remotely sensed data with various spatial resolutions. However, few studies, have investigated the effects of spatial resolution on estimating surface imperviousness. We compare medium-resolution Landsat data with high-resolution SPOT images to quantify the imperviousness in Beijing, China. The results indicated that the overall 91% accuracy of estimates of imperviousness based on TM data was considerably higher than the 81% accuracy of the SPOT data. The higher resolution SPOT data did not always predict the imperviousness of the land better than the TM data. At the whole city level, the TM data better predicts the percentage cover of impervious surfaces. At the sub-city level, however, the ring belts from the central core to the urban-rural peripheral, the SPOT data may better predict the imperviousness. These results highlighted the need to combine multiple resolution data to quantify the percentage of imperviousness, as higher resolution data do not necessarily lead to more accurate estimates. The methodology and results in this study can be utilized to identify the most suitable remote sensing data to quickly and efficiently extract the pattern of the impervious land, which could provide the base for further study on many related urban environmental problems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376159)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.
文摘Background There is a growing search for natural feed additives to alleviate the deleterious effects of coccidia infection in poultry production.This study aimed to investigate the effect of enzymatically treated yeast(ETY) on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,antioxidative status,and cecal mucosa cytokines of coccidia-challenged broiler chickens.Methods From d 1 to 14 post hatching,480 broiler chickens were allocated to 3 corn-soybean meal-based experimental diets with increasing concentrations of ETY(0,1,or 2 g/kg).The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with body weight(BW) used as a blocking factor.On d 14 post hatching,the birds were re-randomized within each of the 3 experimental diets.Each of the 3 diet groups was split into a challenge or no-challenge group.This resulted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments.The coccidia challenge was administered on d 15 by an oral gavage.Results Dietary ETY improved(P < 0.05) the G:F of birds on d 21 regardless of the challenge state and linearly increased(P < 0.01) the apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter(DM),nitrogen,and gross energy(GE).The coccidia challenge decreased(P < 0.05) BW gain and feed intake of broiler chickens and reduced(P < 0.01) the total tract retention of DM,GE,and nitrogen.The coccidia challenge increased(P < 0.01) the mRNA gene expression of TNFα,IL-1β,IL-10,and IL-6 in the cecal mucosa.There was a tendency(P ne = 0.08) for ETY to linearly reduce IL-1β expression.Additionally,ETY supplementation increased(P < 0.05) the geexpression of OCLN.Serum catalase increased(P < 0.05) with dietary ETY in broiler chickens on d 21.Dietary ETY linearly increased(P < 0.05) the ileal villus height to crypt depth ratio,and ileal goblet cell density in broiler chickens.The ileal and excreta oocyst counts decreased(P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of dietary ETY in coccidia-challenged broiler chickens on d 21.Conclusions Dietary ETY enhanced nutrient utilization and augmented intestinal development in broiler chickens.However,dietary ETY did not completely attenuate the adverse effects of a coccidia challenge in broiler chickens.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0103600,2024YFA1107400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82472633,92459304)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2022-I2M-2-001,2023-I2M-2-004).
文摘Dear Editor,The cell,as the fundamental unit of life,presents core challenges in biological research due to its inherent complexity and dynamic properties.A recent perspective published in Cell[1]and an out-of-box article in The Innovation Life[2]outlined our visions for constructing artificial intelligence virtual cells(AIVCs).Unlike other diseases,cancer is fundamentally a cellular disease.While other disciplines focus on pathophysiological changes at the system or organ level,cancer uniquely begins with abnormal proliferation triggered by genomic instability at the cellular level,subsequently inducing local microenvironment remodeling.
文摘Endometriosis is the ectopic growth of viable endometrium outside the uterus, affecting approximately 7% of females. It commonly affects pelvic structures including the bowel. Perforation of the colon by endometriosis is very rare and the patients generally present with an asymptomatic or painful pelvic mass, often in the left iliac fossa. Our patient presented acutely unwell and her symptoms were more suggestive of pyelonephritis or diverticulitis. We therefore report an unusual cause of acute abdomen. The purpose of the following case report is to elucidate certain diagnostic and therapeutic problems of the disease, concerning both surgeons and gynaecologists. In summary, intestinal endometriosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all post-menarche women with episodic gastrointestinal symptoms. A past history of endometriosis or co-existent gynaecological symptoms should increase the index of suspicion, and taparoscopy prior to formal laparotomy should be considered. Our patient, in retrospect, had a history of mild endometriosis, but we feel that this case serves as a reminder of a rare, but important, differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in females.
基金The authors are grateful to the Brazilian Agencies:Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES),Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico(CNPq),(CNPq N 4/2021-Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa-PQ 307659/2021-6),(Chamada CNPq/MCTI/FNDCT N°18/2021-Faixa A,407796/2021-5)Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos(FINEP)and Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia de Pernambuco(FACEPE)(APQ-0635-3.03/21-Jovens Pesquisadores).
文摘Coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal structure formation, without any secondary phase. It is shown that, the relatively large ionic radius of the dopant cations results in an expansion of the lattice parameter, variations in the Iona-O-Iondangle, Iona-O,Iond-O and Ionc-O bond distances and decrease in the average crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and Raman measurements are essential to testify the single-phase formation of YIG crystal structure and are observed changes in the stretching and vibrational modes, respectively. The morphological study, energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) spectra and textural properties show corallike structures, peaks associated with Pr^(3+) and Yb^(3+) atoms and the effect of dopants on surface area,diameter, and pore volume, respectively. The optical analysis from diffuse reflectance spectra witnessed an increase in the optical gap band, a decrease in Urbach energy and blue shift in the charge transfer,correlated with the expansion of the unit cell due to the dopant's insertion in the YIG structure. A typical ferrimagnetic behavior is exhibited by the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12)compound. The saturation magnetization(M_(s)), cubic anisotropy constant(K_(1)) and coercive field(H_(c)) increase with the Pr^(3+)cations content, as consequence of their magnetic nature and distribution around of Fe^(3+)ions due to the coexistence with the Yb^(3+). Finally, for the first time, antibacterial tests by mean of the direct contact method were performed for YIG co-doped with Pr^(3+)and Yb^(3+)and it is shown that, relatively high dosages of Pr^(3+) cations favored the activity against S. aureus, therefore, a new biological property for YIG doped with rare earths is presented.
基金support for the project was provided by Chicken Farmers of Saskatchewan(424357)Canadian Poultry Research Council(424854)+1 种基金Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(424679)Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund(426954).
文摘Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is an economically important disease of broiler chickens caused by Clostridium perfringens(CP).The pathogenesis,or disease process,of NE is still not clear.This study aimed to identify the alterations of metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with subclinical or clinical NE in CP infected birds and to investi-gate the possible variations in the metabolic profile of birds infected with different isolates of CP.Methodology Using a well-established NE model,the protein content of feed was changed abruptly before expos-ing birds to CP isolates with different toxin genes combinations(cpa,cpb2,netB,tpeL;cpa,cpb2,netB;or cpa,cpb2).Metabolomics analysis of jejunal contents was performed by a targeted,fully quantitative LC-MS/MS based assay.Results This study detected statistically significant differential expression of 34 metabolites including organic acids,amino acids,fatty acids,and biogenic amines,including elevation of butyric acid at onset of NE in broiler chickens.Subsequent analysis of broilers infected with CP isolates with different toxin gene combinations confirmed an eleva-tion of butyric acid consistently among 21 differentially expressed metabolites including organic acids,amino acids,and biogenic amines,underscoring its potential role during the development of NE.Furthermore,protein-metabolite network analysis revealed significant alterations in butyric acid and arginine-proline metabolisms.Conclusion This study indicates a significant metabolic difference between CP-infected and non-infected broiler chickens.Among all the metabolites,butyric acid increased significantly in CP-infected birds compared to non-infected healthy broilers.Logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between butyric acid(coefficient:1.23,P<0.01)and CP infection,while showing a negative association with amino acid metabolism.These findings suggest that butyric acid could be a crucial metabolite linked to the occurrence of NE in broiler chickens and may serve as an early indicator of the disease at the farm level.Further metabolomic experiments using different NE animal models and field studies are needed to determine the specificity and to validate metabolites associated with NE,regardless of predisposing factors.
文摘There exists a complex interaction between obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and cancer,and an increase in the incidence of cancer is expected with the growing obesity-diabetes pandemic.The association of cancer with diabetes mellitus and obesity appears to be site-specific,the highest risk being for postmenopausal breast cancer,endometrial cancer,and colorectal cancer.Moreover,there is worsening of hyperglycaemia with the onset of cancer,evidencing a bidirectional link between cancer and diabetes mellitus and the need for monitoring for diabetes in cancer survivors.In this review,we look at the epidemiological evidence from observational studies and Mendelian randomization studies linking obesity,diabetes,and cancer,as well as the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved,including insulin resistance with associated hyperinsulinaemia,the effect of chronic low-grade inflammation,and the effect of various adipokines that are associated with obesity and T2DM.Additionally,we describe the novel therapeutic strategies,based on their role on the discrete pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the tumourigenesis.
文摘The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)has increased substantially in recent years because of the global obesity pandemic.MAFLD,now recognized as the number one cause of chronic liver disease in the world,not only increases liver-related morbidity and mortality among sufferers but also worsens the complications associated with other comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus,obstructive sleep apnoea,lipid disorders and sarcopenia.Understanding the interplay between MAFLD and these comorbidities is important to design optimal therapeutic strategies.Sarcopenia can be either part of the disease process that results in MAFLD(e.g.,obesity or adiposity)or a consequence of MAFLD,especially in the advanced stages such as fibrosis and cirrhosis.Sarcopenia can also worsen MAFLD by reducing exercise capacity and by the production of various muscle-related chemical factors.Therefore,it is crucial to thoroughly understand how we deal with these diseases,especially when they coexist.We explore the pathobiological interlinks between MAFLD and sarcopenia in this comprehensive clinical update review article and propose evidence-based therapeutic strategies to enhance patient care.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)tract defects can be classified into three distinct entities:Leak,perforation,and fistula.Each arises from different mechanisms and is managed accordingly.Leaks occur most often after surgery,while perforations arise due to flexible endoscopic maneuvers.Fistulae arise from a variety of mechanisms,including specific disease states.Endoscopic management is vital in treating such defects if the region of interest can be accessed with the appropriate endoscopic accessories.The primary goal of endoscopic therapy is to interrupt the flow of luminal contents across a GI defect.Considering the proper endoscopic approach to luminal closure,several basic principles must be considered.Outcomes are dependent on the size and exact location of the leak/fistula,as well as the viability of the surrounding tissue.Almost all complex leaks and fistulae must be approached in a multidisciplinary manner,collaborating with colleagues in nutrition,radiology,and surgery.With advances in technology,a myriad of devices and accessories are available that allow a tailored approach.In this review,we discuss these modalities,provide technical tips,and review published outcomes data regarding each approach,as well as practical considerations for the successful closure of these defects.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42304141,41574103 and 41974120)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20B2015).
文摘Recently,the great potential of seismic dispersion attributes in oil and gas exploration has attracted extensive attention.The frequency-dependent amplitude versus offset(FAVO)technology,with dispersion gradient as a hydrocarbon indicator,has developed rapidly.Based on the classical AVO theory,the technology works on the assumption that elastic parameters are frequency-dependent,and implements FAVO inversion using spectral decomposition methods,so that it can take dispersive effects into account and effectively overcome the limitations of the classical AVO.However,the factors that affect FAVO are complicated.To this end,we construct a unified equation for FAVO inversion by combining several Zoeppritz approximations.We study and compare two strategies respectively with(strategy 1)and without(strategy 2)velocity as inversion input data.Using theoretical models,we investigate the influence of various factors,such as the Zoeppritz approximation used,P-and S-wave velocity dispersion,inversion input data,the strong reflection caused by non-reservoir interfaces,and the noise level of the seismic data.Our results show that FAVO inversion based on different Zoeppritz approximations gives similar results.In addition,the inversion results of strategy 2 are generally equivalent to that of strategy 1,which means that strategy 2 can be used to obtain dispersion attributes even if the velocity is not available.We also found that the existence of non-reservoir strong reflection interface may cause significant false dispersion.Therefore,logging,geological,and other relevant data should be fully used to prevent this undesirable consequence.Both the P-and S-wave related dispersion obtained from FAVO can be used as good indicators of a hydrocarbon reservoir,but the P-wave dispersion is more reliable.In fact,due to the mutual coupling of P-and S-wave dispersion terms,the P-wave dispersion gradient inverted from PP reflection seismic data has a stronger hydrocarbon detection ability than the S-wave dispersion gradient.Moreover,there is little difference in using post-stack data or pre-stack angle gathers as inversion input when only the P-wave dispersion is desired.The real application examples further demonstrate that dispersion attributes can not only indicate the location of a hydrocarbon reservoir,but also,to a certain extent,reveal the physical properties of reservoirs.
文摘Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is one of the important causes of chronic kidney disease(CKD)and end-stage renal failure(ESRF).Even with the best available treatment options,management of T1DM poses significant challenges for clinicians across the world,especially when associated with CKD and ESRF.Substantial increases in morbidity and mortality along with marked rise in treatment costs and marked reduction of quality of life are the usual consequences of onset of CKD and progression to ESRF in patients with T1DM.Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant(SPK)is an attractive and promising treatment option for patients with advanced CKD/ESRF and T1DM for potential cure of these diseases and possibly several complications.However,limited availability of the organs for transplantation,the need for long-term immunosuppression to prevent rejection,peri-and post-operative complications of SPK,lack of resources and the expertise for the procedure in many centers,and the cost implications related to the surgery and postoperative care of these patients are major issues faced by clinicians across the globe.This clinical update review compiles the latest evidence and current recommendations of SPK for patients with T1DM and advanced CKD/ESRF to enable clinicians to care for these diseases.
文摘The linear Rayleigh-Bénard electro-convective stability of the Newtonian dielectric liquid is determined theoretically subject to the temperature modulation with time.A perturbation method is used to compute the critical Rayleigh number and the wave number.The critical Rayleigh number is calculated as a function of the frequency of modulation,the temperature-dependent variable viscosity,the electric field dependent variable viscosity,the Prandtl number,and the electric Rayleigh number.The effects of all three cases of modulations are established to delay or advance the onset of the convection process.In addition,how the effect of variable viscosity controls the onset of convection is studied.
基金Supported by Takeda Argentina SA,No.TAK-633-4003.
文摘BACKGROUND Approval of teduglutide is an important addition to the limited treatment options for short bowel syndrome(SBS).However,real-world evidence on teduglutide therapy for SBS in Latin America is scarce.AIM To investigate the effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in clinical practice in Argentina with a 24-week follow-up.METHODS This non-interventional multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients(aged≥1 years)with SBS who were dependent on parenteral support(PS)and received≥1 dose of teduglutide according to currently approved indications.RESULTS The study population(n=45)included 21 adult and 24 pediatric patients.The proportion of adult and pediatric patients who showed clinical response(defined as a≥20%reduction in weekly PS volume)after 24 weeks of treatment was 90.4%[95%confidence interval(CI):69.6%-98.8%]and 83.3%(95%CI:62.6%-95.2%),respectively.Overall,12 patients(26.6%;95%CI:14.6-41.9)were weaned from PS support at the 24-week assessment,6(28.5%;95%CI:11.5-52.1)in the adult cohort,and 6(25%;95%CI:9.7-46.7)in the pediatric cohort.Only baseline PS requirement was inversely associated with weaning from PS(P=0.025).The most frequently reported treatmentemergent adverse events(TEAEs)were mild to moderate abdominal pain and abdominal distension(16.6%;and 9.5%,respectively).None of the reported TEAEs led to treatment discontinuation.CONCLUSION This prospective real-world study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of teduglutide in adult and pediatric patients with SBS in Argentina.The clinical response observed in both adults and pediatric patients was greater than that reported in phase 3 trials and was consistent with the results of other real-world studies.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program Projects of China (No.2021YFB3202402)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62173321)。
文摘Rapid online analysis of liquid slag is essential for optimizing the quality and energy efficiency of steel production. To investigate the key factors that affect the online measurement of refined slag using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS), this study examined the effects of slag composition and temperature on the intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. The experimental temperature was controlled at three levels: 1350℃, 1400℃, and 1450℃. The results showed that slag composition and temperature significantly affected the intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. Increasing the Fe content and temperature in the slag reduces its viscosity, resulting in an enhanced intensity and stability of the LIBS spectra. Additionally, 42 refined slag samples were quantitatively analyzed for Fe, Si, Ca, Mg, Al, and Mn at 1350℃, 1400℃, and 1450℃.The normalized full spectrum combined with partial least squares(PLS) quantification modeling was used, using the Ca Ⅱ 317.91 nm spectral line as an internal standard. The results show that using the internal standard normalization method can significantly reduce the influence of spectral fluctuations. Meanwhile, a temperature of 1450℃ has been found to yield superior results compared to both 1350℃ and 1400℃, and it is advantageous to conduct a quantitative analysis of the slag when it is in a “water-like” state with low viscosity.
基金partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A2077,12175278,12205072)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2019YFE0304002,2018YFE0303103)+2 种基金the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(No.2018-000052-73-01-001228)Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Maintenance and Reconstruction Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(No.GXXT2021-029)。
文摘A vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)spectroscopy with a focal length of 1 m has been engineered specifically for observing edge impurity emissions in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).In this study,wavelength calibration for the VUV spectroscopy is achieved utilizing a zinc lamp.The grating angle and charge-coupled device(CCD)position are carefully calibrated for different wavelength positions.The wavelength calibration of the VUV spectroscopy is crucial for improving the accuracy of impurity spectral data,and is required to identify more impurity spectral lines for impurity transport research.Impurity spectra of EAST plasmas have also been obtained in the wavelength range of 50–300 nm with relatively high spectral resolution.It is found that the impurity emissions in the edge region are still dominated by low-Z impurities,such as carbon,oxygen,and nitrogen,albeit with the application of fulltungsten divertors on the EAST tokamak.
