We propose a theoretical framework,based on the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation(GPE),for the investigation of vortex solitons(VSs)in hybrid atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates under the action of the st...We propose a theoretical framework,based on the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation(GPE),for the investigation of vortex solitons(VSs)in hybrid atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates under the action of the stimulated Raman-induced photoassociation and square-optical-lattice potential.Stationary solutions of the coupled GPE system are obtained by means of the imaginary-time integration,while the temporal dynamics are simulated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm.The analysis reveals stable rhombus-shaped VS shapes with topological charges m=1 and 2 of the atomic component.The stability domains and spatial structure of these VSs are governed by three key parameters:the parametric-coupling strength(χ),atomicmolecular interaction strength(g_(12)),and the optical-lattice potential depth(V_(0)).By varyingχand g_(12),we demonstrate a structural transition where four-core rhombus-shaped VSs evolve into eight-core square-shaped modes,highlighting the nontrivial nonlinear dynamics of the system.This work establishes a connection between interactions of cold atoms and topologically structured matter waves in hybrid quantum systems.展开更多
In this study,the effect of annealing on the microstructure and following corrosion and biological properties of Mg-1.0Ca-0.5Zn-0.1Y-0.03Mn(at.%)alloy prepared by rapid solidified powder metallurgy was investigated.Th...In this study,the effect of annealing on the microstructure and following corrosion and biological properties of Mg-1.0Ca-0.5Zn-0.1Y-0.03Mn(at.%)alloy prepared by rapid solidified powder metallurgy was investigated.The annealing at 300℃ for 2 h did not change the grain size significantly;however,a slight growth of Mg_(2)Ca precipitates was observed.When the annealing temperature increased up to 400℃ for 2 h,full recrystallization of the alloy occurred;the grains and precipitates grew noticeably.Those changes were responsible for decreasing the corrosion and the tribocorrosion resistance of the alloy.Due to lowered resistance to the corrosion medium,the cell viability was also reduced.Although MG63 cells on the annealed specimens developed filopodia,cell-to-cell communication was not observed.展开更多
Enset fiber is a promising feedstock for biofuel production with the potential to reduce carbon emissions and improve the sustainability of the energy system.This study aimed to maximize hydrogen and butanol productio...Enset fiber is a promising feedstock for biofuel production with the potential to reduce carbon emissions and improve the sustainability of the energy system.This study aimed to maximize hydrogen and butanol production from Enset fiber through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF)process in bottles as well as in bioreactor.The SSF process in bottles resulted in a higher butanol concentration of 11.36 g/L with a yield of 0.23 g/g and a productivity of 0.16 g/(L h)at the optimal process parameters of 5%(w/v)substrate loading,16 FPU/g cellulase loading,and 100 rpm agitation speed from pretreated Enset fiber.Moreover,a comparable result to the bottle experiment was observed in the bioreactor with pH-uncontrolled SSF process,although with a decreased in butanol productivity to 0.095 g/(L h).However,using the pre-hydrolysis simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(PSSF)process in the bioreactor with a 7%(w/v)substrate loading led to the highest butanol concentration of 12.84 g/L with a productivity of 0.104 g/(L h).Furthermore,optimizing the SSF process parameters to favor hydrogen resulted in an increased hydrogen yield of 198.27 mL/g-Enset fiber at atmospheric pressure,an initial pH of 8.0,and 37°C.In general,stirring the SSF process to shift the product ratio to either hydrogen or butanol was possible by adjusting temperature and pressure.At 37°C and atmospheric pressure,the process resulted in an e-mol yield of 12%for hydrogen and 38%for butanol.Alternatively,at 30°C and 0.55 bar overpressure,the process achieved a yield of 6%e-mol of hydrogen and 48%e-mol of butanol.This is the first study to produce hydrogen and butanol from Enset fiber using the SSF process and contributes to the development of a circular bioeconomy.展开更多
Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversio...Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversion and storage systems is one of their challenges and concerns.In this article,the thermal management of these systems using thermoelectric modules is reviewed.The results show that by choosing the right option to remove heat from the hot side of the thermoelectric modules,it will be a suitable local cooling,and the thermoelectric modules increase the power and lifespan of the system by reducing the spot temperature.Thermoelectric modules were effective in reducing panel temperature.They increase the time to reach a temperature above 50℃ in batteries by 3 to 4 times.Also,in their integration with fuel cells,they increase the power density of the fuel cell.展开更多
Two types of cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira（commonly known as Spirulina） were tested for biosorption of cerium（III） ions from aqueous solutions. An endemic type（ES） found in the northern Negev desert, Is...Two types of cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira（commonly known as Spirulina） were tested for biosorption of cerium（III） ions from aqueous solutions. An endemic type（ES） found in the northern Negev desert, Israel, and a commercial powder（CS） were used in this study. Biosorption was evaluated as a function of p H, contact time, initial metal concentration, number of sorption-desorption cycles, and salt concentration. The optimum p H range for biosorption was found to be 5.0–5.5. The kinetic characteristics of both Spirulina types were found to be highly compatible with a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherms of both types were found to be well-suited to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Maximum biosorption uptakes, according to the Langmuir model, were 18.1 and 38.2 mg/g, for ES and CS, respectively. Sodium chloride concentrations of up to 5 g/L had a minor effect on cerium biosorption. Desorption efficiency was found to be greater than 97% with 0.1 mol/L HNO_3 after three sorption-desorption cycles, without significant loss in the biosorption capacity. The results indicated the feasibility of cerium recovery from industrial wastes using Spirulina biomass.展开更多
Combustion of heavy fuels is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, ashes, NOxand SOx. Gasification is an advanced and environmentally friendly process that generates combustible and clean...Combustion of heavy fuels is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, ashes, NOxand SOx. Gasification is an advanced and environmentally friendly process that generates combustible and clean gas products such as hydrogen. Some entrained flow gasifiers operate with Heavy Fuel Oil(HFO) feedstock. In this application, HFO atomization is very important in determining the performance and efficiency of the gasifiers.The atomization characteristics of HFO(Mazut) discharging from a pressure-swirl atomizer(PSA) are studied for different pressures difference(Δp) and temperatures in the atmospheric ambient. The investigated parameters include atomizer mass flow rate( _m), discharge coefficient(CD), spray cone angle(θ), breakup length(Lb), the unstable wavelength of undulations on the liquid sheet(λs), global and local SMD(sauter mean diameter) and size distribution of droplets. The characteristics of Mazut sheet breakup are deduced from the shadowgraph technique. The experiments on Mazut film breakup were compared with the predictions obtained from the liquid film breakup model. Validity of the theory for predicting maximum unstable wavelength was investigated for HFO(as a highly viscous liquid). A modification on the formulation of maximum unstable wavelength was presented for HFO. SMD decreases by getting far from the atomizer. The measurement for SMD and θ were compared with the available correlations. The comparisons of the available correlations with the measurements of SMD andθ show a good agreement for Ballester and Varde correlations, respectively. The results show that the experimental sizing data could be presented by Rosin-Rammler distributions very well at different pressure difference and temperatures.展开更多
For simulating more accurately neutron or proton production from photonuclear reactions,a data-based photonuclear reaction simulation algorithm has been developed.Reliable photonuclear cross sections from evaluated or...For simulating more accurately neutron or proton production from photonuclear reactions,a data-based photonuclear reaction simulation algorithm has been developed.Reliable photonuclear cross sections from evaluated or experimental database are chosen as input data.For checking the validity of the use of the data-based photonuclear algorithm,benchmarking simulations are presented in detail.We calculate photonuclear cross sections or reaction yield for ~9Be,^(48)Ti,^(133)Cs,and ^(197)Au and compare them with experimental data in the region of incident photon energy below ~30 MeV.While Geant4 can hardly reproduce photonuclear experimental data,results obtained from the data-based photonuclear algorithm are found in good agreement with experimental measurements.Potential application in estimation of specific activity of radioisotopes is further discussed.We conclude that the developed data-based photonuclear algorithm is suitable for an accurate prediction of photoninduced neutron or proton productions.展开更多
Doped and undoped TiCh nanoparticles were prepared by Stober method and thermally treated at 600 ℃.The effect of Nd^（3＋） ion on the structure and micro structure of anatase-phase TiCh nanocrystals was studied by R...Doped and undoped TiCh nanoparticles were prepared by Stober method and thermally treated at 600 ℃.The effect of Nd^（3＋） ion on the structure and micro structure of anatase-phase TiCh nanocrystals was studied by Rietveld refinement method using X-ray powder diffraction data.Bond lengths,bond angles,and edges distances were analyzed.The phase formation was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The adjustment of Ti-0 bond length induced by the addition of Nd^（3＋） ions,reduced the octahedral distortion and altered the octahedral array in the anatase-phase TiCh nanocrystal.The changes of structure and microstructure were mainly observed for TiCh nanoparticles doped with 0.1 at.%of Nd^（3＋） ions and attributed to the cationic substitution of Ti^（4＋） ions which promoted changes in the density of states and gap band of TiCh.The dopant insertion resulted in a better structural stability of the nanocrystals that enhanced their charge transference and photocatalytic efficiency.展开更多
It is known that increasing the injection pressure reduces the breakup length and the droplet size.Adding pulses,on the other hand,helps to atomize the liquid into finer droplets,similar to airassisted injectors but w...It is known that increasing the injection pressure reduces the breakup length and the droplet size.Adding pulses,on the other hand,helps to atomize the liquid into finer droplets,similar to airassisted injectors but without altering the airtofuel concentration.To further reduce the droplet size and breakup length,a novel injector type,called''Pulsed PressureSwirl"(PPS),is introduced in this work,which is a combination of pressureswirl and ultrasonic pulsed injectors.A pressureswirl atomizer was designed and fabricated specifically for Mazut HFO(Heavy Fuel Oil).The droplet formation process and droplet size distribution have been studied experimentally(by shadowgraphy high speed imaging)and numerically(with the opensource VolumeofFluid code Gerris).Changing liquid injection pressure effect on the spray angle and film thickness has been quantified.These simulations have been used to study the primary breakup process and quantify the droplet size distributions,using different injection pulse frequencies and pressures.The numerical results have revealed that the new injector concept successfully produces finer droplets and results in a decrease in the breakup length,especially when applying high pulse frequencies,with no significant changes in the spray angle.展开更多
Experimental and numerical methods were used to investigate the Magnus phenomena over a spinning projectile.The pressure force acting on the surface of a spinning projectile was measured for various cases by employing...Experimental and numerical methods were used to investigate the Magnus phenomena over a spinning projectile.The pressure force acting on the surface of a spinning projectile was measured for various cases by employing a relatively novel experimental technique.A set of miniature pressure sensors along with a data acquisition board,battery and storage memory were placed inside a spinning model and the surface pressure were obtained through a remotely controlled system.Circumferential pressures of the model for both rotational and static conditions were obtained at two different free stream Mach numbers of 0.4 and 0.8 and at different angles of attack.The results showed the ability of this new test method to measure the very small Magnus force via surface pressures over the projectile.The results provide a deep insight into the flow structure and illustrate changes in the cross-flow separation locations as a result of rotation.Similar results were obtained by the numerical simulations and were compared with the experimental data.展开更多
This paper studies the process of mutual neutralization of Si^＋ and H^- ions in slow collisions within the multichannel Landau-Zener model. All important ionic-covalent couplings in this collision system are included...This paper studies the process of mutual neutralization of Si^＋ and H^- ions in slow collisions within the multichannel Landau-Zener model. All important ionic-covalent couplings in this collision system are included in the collision dynamics. The cross sections for population of specific final states of product Si atom are calculated in the CM energy range 0.05 e∨/u-5 ke∨/u. Both singlet and triplet states are considered. At collision energies below -10 e∨/u, the most populated singlet state is Si（3p4p, ^1S0）, while for energies above -150e∨/u it is the Si（3p, 4p, ^1P1） state. In the case of triplet states, the mixed 3p4p（^3S1 ＋^3P0） states are the most populated in the entire collision energy range investigated. The total cross section exhibits a broad maximum around 200 300e∨/u and for ECM ≤ 10e∨/u it monotonically increases with decreasing the collision energy, reaching a value of 8 × 10^-13 cm^2 at ECM = 0.05 e∨/u. The ion-pair formation process in Si（3p^2 ^3PJ）＋H（1s） collisions has also been considered and its cross section in the considered energy range is very small （smaller than 10^-20 cm^2 in the energy region below 1 ke∨/u）.展开更多
A study was conducted to examine the distribution pattern of four rhizomatous medicinal and aromatic plant species （MAPs） viz., Angelica glauca, Pleurospermum angelicoides, Rheum emodi and Arne- bia benthamii in dif...A study was conducted to examine the distribution pattern of four rhizomatous medicinal and aromatic plant species （MAPs） viz., Angelica glauca, Pleurospermum angelicoides, Rheum emodi and Arne- bia benthamii in different forest stands in Central Himalaya. Results show that A. glauca and P. angelicoides had a higher （50%） frequency at Chipkoan, Garpak and Phagati forest, R. emodi had a higher （60%） frequency at Rishikund, Suki and Himtoli, and A. benthamii had a higher （70%） frequency at Suki and Khambdhar The densities of A. glauca （0.6 plants·m -2 ） and P. angelicoides （0.5 plants·m -2 ） were higher at Chipkoan and Garpak sites than at other micro-sites, while densities of R. emodi （0.8 plants·m -2 ） and A. benthamii （1.0 plants·m -2 ） were higher at Suki and Khambdhar sites. A. glauca had highest total basal covers （TBC） （1.2 cm 2 ·m -2 ） at Chipkoan, P. angelicoides had highest TBC （0.92 cm 2 ·m -2） at Lati kharak site, A. benthamii had the highest TBC （6.48 cm 2 ·m -2 ） atKhambdhar, and R. emodi had highest TBC （4.53 cm 2 ·m -2 ） at Rishikund. For the four studied species, A. glauca showed a contagious distribution, P. angelicoides and R. emodi showed the random and A. benthamii showed the regular type of distribution.展开更多
Magnesium and its alloys are the most investigated materials for solid-state hydrogen storage in the form of metal hydrides,but there are still unresolved problems with the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogenation...Magnesium and its alloys are the most investigated materials for solid-state hydrogen storage in the form of metal hydrides,but there are still unresolved problems with the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of this group of materials.Severe plastic deformation(SPD)methods,such as equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP),high-pressure torsion(HPT),intensive rolling,and fast forging,have been widely used to enhance the activation,air resistance,and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by introducing ultrafine/nanoscale grains and crystal lattice defects.These severely deformed materials,particularly in the presence of alloying additives or second-phase nanoparticles,can show not only fast hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics but also good cycling stability.It was shown that some materials that are apparently inert to hydrogen can absorb hydrogen after SPD processing.Moreover,the SPD methods were effectively used for hydrogen binding-energy engineering and synthesizing new magnesium alloys with low thermodynamic stability for reversible low/room-temperature hydrogen storage,such as nanoglasses,high-entropy alloys,and metastable phases including the high-pressureγ-MgH2 polymorph.This work reviews recent advances in the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by SPD processing and discusses their potential in future applications.展开更多
The Mottled Zone（MZ） or Hatrurim Formation,which occurs near the Levantine Transform in the South Levant,has been studied during the last 150 years but its origin remains debatable.Mottled Zone Complex/Complexes（MZ...The Mottled Zone（MZ） or Hatrurim Formation,which occurs near the Levantine Transform in the South Levant,has been studied during the last 150 years but its origin remains debatable.Mottled Zone Complex/Complexes（MZC/MZCs） consist of brecciated carbonate and low-temperature calcium-hydro-silicate rocks,which include unusual high- and ultra-high-temperature low-pressure（HT-LP） meta-morphic mineral assemblages.The MZ has been regarded as a product of combustion of bituminous chalks of the Ghareb Fm.of Cretaceous（Maastrichtian） age.In this paper we present detailed geographic, geomorphologic,structural and geological data from the MZCs of the South Levant,which show that the MZCs cannot be stratigraphically correlated with the Ghareb Fm.,because MZC late Oligocene-late Pleistocene deposits occur within or unconformable i.e.,with stratigraphic hiatus,overlap both the late Cretaceous and,in places,Neogene stratigraphic units.We propose an alternative model for the formation of MZCs by tectonically induced mud volcanism during late Oligocene-late Pleistocene time. This model explains（i） the presence of dikes and tube-like bodies,which consist of brecciated exotic clastic material derived from stratigraphically and hypsometrically lower horizons;（ii） mineral assemblages of sanidinite facies metamorphism;（iii） multi-stage character of HT-LP pyrometamorphism;and （iv） multi-stage low-temperature hydrothermal alteration.High temperatures（up to 1500℃） mineral assemblages resulted from combustion of hydrocarbon gases of mud volcanoes.Mud volcanism was spatially and structurally related to neotectonic folds and deformation zones formed in response to opening of the Red Sea rift and propagation of the Levantine Transform Fault.Our model may significantly change the prospects for oil-and-gas deposits in the region.展开更多
Sea state bias(SSB)is an important component of errors for the radar altimeter measurements of sea surface height(SSH).However,existing SSB estimation methods are almost all based on single-task learning(STL),where on...Sea state bias(SSB)is an important component of errors for the radar altimeter measurements of sea surface height(SSH).However,existing SSB estimation methods are almost all based on single-task learning(STL),where one model is built on the data from only one radar altimeter.In this paper,taking account of the data from multiple radar altimeters available,we introduced a multi-task learning method,called trace-norm regularized multi-task learning(TNR-MTL),for SSB estimation.Corresponding to each individual task,TNR-MLT involves only three parameters.Hence,it is easy to implement.More importantly,the convergence of TNR-MLT is theoretically guaranteed.Compared with the commonly used STL models,TNR-MTL can effectively utilize the shared information between data from multiple altimeters.During the training of TNR-MTL,we used the JASON-2 and JASON-3 cycle data to solve two correlated SSB estimation tasks.Then the optimal model was selected to estimate SSB on the JASON-2 and the HY-270-71 cycle intersection data.For the JSAON-2 cycle intersection data,the corrected variance(M)has been reduced by 0.60 cm^2 compared to the geophysical data records(GDR);while for the HY-2 cycle intersection data,M has been reduced by 1.30 cm^2 compared to GDR.Therefore,TNR-MTL is proved to be effective for the SSB estimation tasks.展开更多
PURPOSE: To compare the prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in a pr ospective cohort of 22,382 diabetic patients with that in the general population . DESIGN: Prospective, observational, cohort study. METHO...PURPOSE: To compare the prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in a pr ospective cohort of 22,382 diabetic patients with that in the general population . DESIGN: Prospective, observational, cohort study. METHODS: setting: A district of Israel’s largest health maintenance organization. study population: We foll owed the electronic medical records of all patients in the district older than 5 0 years (159,634 patients)between January 1 and December 31, 2003. Of those, 22, 382 (14.0%) had diabetes. observation procedure: The proportion of ocular lubri cation consumers was compared among diabetic and nondiabetic patients. All HbA1c laboratory tests performed by the diabetic patients were documented (41,910 tes ts), and glycemic control was correlated with the consumption of ocular lubricat ion. main outcome measures: Ocular lubrication use by diabetic patients compared with the general population and the relationship between glycemic control and o cular lubrication use. RESULTS: After age and gender adjustment, a significantly higher percentage of diabetic patients (20.6%) received ocular lubrication, co mpared with nondiabetic patients (13.8%, P< .001). The difference was significa nt for all age groups and for both sexes (P< .001). A similar significant differ ence was prominent between diabetic and nondiabetic patients aged 60 to 89 years who were frequent users of ocular lubrication. Ocular lubrication consumption i ncreased with poorer glycemic control (mean annual HbA1c levels). Multivariate a nalysis revealed this effect to be independent of age, sex, place of birth, or p lace of residence. CONCLUSIONS: KCS is significantly more common among diabetic patients. Poor glycemic control correlates with increased artificial tear use in diabetic patients.展开更多
Objective. The cardinal indication for surgical treatment of gallstones is pain attacks. However, following cholecystectomy, 20%of patients remain symptomatic. It is unclear to what extent post-cholecystectomy symptom...Objective. The cardinal indication for surgical treatment of gallstones is pain attacks. However, following cholecystectomy, 20%of patients remain symptomatic. It is unclear to what extent post-cholecystectomy symptoms can be ascribed to persistence of preoperative symptoms or to new pathology. The pain and digestive pattern in gallstone patients has not been defined in a recent setting with ultrasonography as the diagnostic method. The aim of this study was to characterize a pain pattern that is typical for gallstone disease and to describe the extent of associated dyspepsia. Material and methods. A total of 220 patients with symptomatic gallstone disease including complicated disease (acute cholecystitis and common bile duct stones) were interviewed using detailed questionnaires to disclose pain patterns and symptoms of indigestion. Results. All patients had pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) including the upper midline epigastrium. The pain was localized to the right subcostal area in 20%and to the upper epigastrium in 14%, and in the rest (66%) it was more evenly distributed. An area of maximal pain could be defined in 90%. Maximal pain was located under the costal arch in 51%of patients and in the epigastrium in 41%, but in 3%behind the sternum and in 5%in the back. The pain was referred to the back in 63%of the patients. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score was very high: 90 mm on a 0-100 scale. A pattern of incipient or low-grade warning pain with a subsequent relatively steady state until subsiding in the same fashion was present in 90%of the patients. An urge to walk around was experienced by 71%. Pain attacks usually occurred in the late evening or at night (77%), with 85%of the attacks lasting for more than one hour and almost never less than half an hour. Sixty-six percent of the patients were intolerant to at least one kind of food, but only 48%to fatty foods. Symptoms of functional indigestion (gastroesophageal reflux, dyspepsia or irritable bowel symptoms) were seen in the vast majority in association with attacks. Conclusions. Gallstone-associated pain follows a certain pattern in the majority of patients. The pain is located in a defined area with a point of maximum intensity, is usually referred, and occurs mainly at night with duration of more than one hour. The majority of patients experience functional indigestion, mainly of the reflux type or dyspepsia.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62275075)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Soliton Research Association(Grant No.2025HBSRA09)+1 种基金joint supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Xianning of China(Grant Nos.2025AFD401 and 2025AFD405)Israel Science Foundation(Grant No.1695/22).
文摘We propose a theoretical framework,based on the two-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation(GPE),for the investigation of vortex solitons(VSs)in hybrid atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates under the action of the stimulated Raman-induced photoassociation and square-optical-lattice potential.Stationary solutions of the coupled GPE system are obtained by means of the imaginary-time integration,while the temporal dynamics are simulated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm.The analysis reveals stable rhombus-shaped VS shapes with topological charges m=1 and 2 of the atomic component.The stability domains and spatial structure of these VSs are governed by three key parameters:the parametric-coupling strength(χ),atomicmolecular interaction strength(g_(12)),and the optical-lattice potential depth(V_(0)).By varyingχand g_(12),we demonstrate a structural transition where four-core rhombus-shaped VSs evolve into eight-core square-shaped modes,highlighting the nontrivial nonlinear dynamics of the system.This work establishes a connection between interactions of cold atoms and topologically structured matter waves in hybrid quantum systems.
基金funded by the National Centre for Research and Development in Poland, project V4-JAPAN/2/15 “Development of Advanced Magnesium Alloys for Multifunctional Applications in Extreme Environments,” under statutory work at the Faculty of Material Science and Engineering Warsaw University of Technology in Polandthe International Visegrad Fund (project no. JP39421, V4Japan Joint Research Program)+3 种基金the support of the International Visegrad Fund (project V4Japan Joint Research Program, Ref. JP3936)the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (contract no. 2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2021-00030)Support by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the framework of Visegrad Group (V4)-Japan Joint Research Program-Advanced Materials under grant no. 8F21011 is gratefully acknowledged by K.M., D.D., and A.Fthe support from the Department of Metal and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic, while performing the tribocorrosion measurements
文摘In this study,the effect of annealing on the microstructure and following corrosion and biological properties of Mg-1.0Ca-0.5Zn-0.1Y-0.03Mn(at.%)alloy prepared by rapid solidified powder metallurgy was investigated.The annealing at 300℃ for 2 h did not change the grain size significantly;however,a slight growth of Mg_(2)Ca precipitates was observed.When the annealing temperature increased up to 400℃ for 2 h,full recrystallization of the alloy occurred;the grains and precipitates grew noticeably.Those changes were responsible for decreasing the corrosion and the tribocorrosion resistance of the alloy.Due to lowered resistance to the corrosion medium,the cell viability was also reduced.Although MG63 cells on the annealed specimens developed filopodia,cell-to-cell communication was not observed.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEALfunded by the DAAD-EECBP Homegrown Ph.D.Scholarship Program 2019,and the APC was funded by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Publication Fund.
文摘Enset fiber is a promising feedstock for biofuel production with the potential to reduce carbon emissions and improve the sustainability of the energy system.This study aimed to maximize hydrogen and butanol production from Enset fiber through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(SSF)process in bottles as well as in bioreactor.The SSF process in bottles resulted in a higher butanol concentration of 11.36 g/L with a yield of 0.23 g/g and a productivity of 0.16 g/(L h)at the optimal process parameters of 5%(w/v)substrate loading,16 FPU/g cellulase loading,and 100 rpm agitation speed from pretreated Enset fiber.Moreover,a comparable result to the bottle experiment was observed in the bioreactor with pH-uncontrolled SSF process,although with a decreased in butanol productivity to 0.095 g/(L h).However,using the pre-hydrolysis simultaneous saccharification and fermentation(PSSF)process in the bioreactor with a 7%(w/v)substrate loading led to the highest butanol concentration of 12.84 g/L with a productivity of 0.104 g/(L h).Furthermore,optimizing the SSF process parameters to favor hydrogen resulted in an increased hydrogen yield of 198.27 mL/g-Enset fiber at atmospheric pressure,an initial pH of 8.0,and 37°C.In general,stirring the SSF process to shift the product ratio to either hydrogen or butanol was possible by adjusting temperature and pressure.At 37°C and atmospheric pressure,the process resulted in an e-mol yield of 12%for hydrogen and 38%for butanol.Alternatively,at 30°C and 0.55 bar overpressure,the process achieved a yield of 6%e-mol of hydrogen and 48%e-mol of butanol.This is the first study to produce hydrogen and butanol from Enset fiber using the SSF process and contributes to the development of a circular bioeconomy.
文摘Exploitation of sustainable energy sources requires the use of unique conversion and storage systems,such as solar panels,batteries,fuel cells,and electronic equipment.Thermal load management of these energy conversion and storage systems is one of their challenges and concerns.In this article,the thermal management of these systems using thermoelectric modules is reviewed.The results show that by choosing the right option to remove heat from the hot side of the thermoelectric modules,it will be a suitable local cooling,and the thermoelectric modules increase the power and lifespan of the system by reducing the spot temperature.Thermoelectric modules were effective in reducing panel temperature.They increase the time to reach a temperature above 50℃ in batteries by 3 to 4 times.Also,in their integration with fuel cells,they increase the power density of the fuel cell.
基金Project supported by PAZY Foundation,Israel(244)
文摘Two types of cyanobacteria of the genus Arthrospira（commonly known as Spirulina） were tested for biosorption of cerium（III） ions from aqueous solutions. An endemic type（ES） found in the northern Negev desert, Israel, and a commercial powder（CS） were used in this study. Biosorption was evaluated as a function of p H, contact time, initial metal concentration, number of sorption-desorption cycles, and salt concentration. The optimum p H range for biosorption was found to be 5.0–5.5. The kinetic characteristics of both Spirulina types were found to be highly compatible with a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherms of both types were found to be well-suited to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Maximum biosorption uptakes, according to the Langmuir model, were 18.1 and 38.2 mg/g, for ES and CS, respectively. Sodium chloride concentrations of up to 5 g/L had a minor effect on cerium biosorption. Desorption efficiency was found to be greater than 97% with 0.1 mol/L HNO_3 after three sorption-desorption cycles, without significant loss in the biosorption capacity. The results indicated the feasibility of cerium recovery from industrial wastes using Spirulina biomass.
文摘Combustion of heavy fuels is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, ashes, NOxand SOx. Gasification is an advanced and environmentally friendly process that generates combustible and clean gas products such as hydrogen. Some entrained flow gasifiers operate with Heavy Fuel Oil(HFO) feedstock. In this application, HFO atomization is very important in determining the performance and efficiency of the gasifiers.The atomization characteristics of HFO(Mazut) discharging from a pressure-swirl atomizer(PSA) are studied for different pressures difference(Δp) and temperatures in the atmospheric ambient. The investigated parameters include atomizer mass flow rate( _m), discharge coefficient(CD), spray cone angle(θ), breakup length(Lb), the unstable wavelength of undulations on the liquid sheet(λs), global and local SMD(sauter mean diameter) and size distribution of droplets. The characteristics of Mazut sheet breakup are deduced from the shadowgraph technique. The experiments on Mazut film breakup were compared with the predictions obtained from the liquid film breakup model. Validity of the theory for predicting maximum unstable wavelength was investigated for HFO(as a highly viscous liquid). A modification on the formulation of maximum unstable wavelength was presented for HFO. SMD decreases by getting far from the atomizer. The measurement for SMD and θ were compared with the available correlations. The comparisons of the available correlations with the measurements of SMD andθ show a good agreement for Ballester and Varde correlations, respectively. The results show that the experimental sizing data could be presented by Rosin-Rammler distributions very well at different pressure difference and temperatures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11405083 and 11675075)the Young Talent Project of the University of South Chinathe Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics(ELI-NP)-Phase I,a project co-financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund
文摘For simulating more accurately neutron or proton production from photonuclear reactions,a data-based photonuclear reaction simulation algorithm has been developed.Reliable photonuclear cross sections from evaluated or experimental database are chosen as input data.For checking the validity of the use of the data-based photonuclear algorithm,benchmarking simulations are presented in detail.We calculate photonuclear cross sections or reaction yield for ~9Be,^(48)Ti,^(133)Cs,and ^(197)Au and compare them with experimental data in the region of incident photon energy below ~30 MeV.While Geant4 can hardly reproduce photonuclear experimental data,results obtained from the data-based photonuclear algorithm are found in good agreement with experimental measurements.Potential application in estimation of specific activity of radioisotopes is further discussed.We conclude that the developed data-based photonuclear algorithm is suitable for an accurate prediction of photoninduced neutron or proton productions.
基金supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia yTecnologia or National Council of Science and Technology(CONACYT,175925)
文摘Doped and undoped TiCh nanoparticles were prepared by Stober method and thermally treated at 600 ℃.The effect of Nd^（3＋） ion on the structure and micro structure of anatase-phase TiCh nanocrystals was studied by Rietveld refinement method using X-ray powder diffraction data.Bond lengths,bond angles,and edges distances were analyzed.The phase formation was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The adjustment of Ti-0 bond length induced by the addition of Nd^（3＋） ions,reduced the octahedral distortion and altered the octahedral array in the anatase-phase TiCh nanocrystal.The changes of structure and microstructure were mainly observed for TiCh nanoparticles doped with 0.1 at.%of Nd^（3＋） ions and attributed to the cationic substitution of Ti^（4＋） ions which promoted changes in the density of states and gap band of TiCh.The dopant insertion resulted in a better structural stability of the nanocrystals that enhanced their charge transference and photocatalytic efficiency.
文摘It is known that increasing the injection pressure reduces the breakup length and the droplet size.Adding pulses,on the other hand,helps to atomize the liquid into finer droplets,similar to airassisted injectors but without altering the airtofuel concentration.To further reduce the droplet size and breakup length,a novel injector type,called''Pulsed PressureSwirl"(PPS),is introduced in this work,which is a combination of pressureswirl and ultrasonic pulsed injectors.A pressureswirl atomizer was designed and fabricated specifically for Mazut HFO(Heavy Fuel Oil).The droplet formation process and droplet size distribution have been studied experimentally(by shadowgraphy high speed imaging)and numerically(with the opensource VolumeofFluid code Gerris).Changing liquid injection pressure effect on the spray angle and film thickness has been quantified.These simulations have been used to study the primary breakup process and quantify the droplet size distributions,using different injection pulse frequencies and pressures.The numerical results have revealed that the new injector concept successfully produces finer droplets and results in a decrease in the breakup length,especially when applying high pulse frequencies,with no significant changes in the spray angle.
文摘Experimental and numerical methods were used to investigate the Magnus phenomena over a spinning projectile.The pressure force acting on the surface of a spinning projectile was measured for various cases by employing a relatively novel experimental technique.A set of miniature pressure sensors along with a data acquisition board,battery and storage memory were placed inside a spinning model and the surface pressure were obtained through a remotely controlled system.Circumferential pressures of the model for both rotational and static conditions were obtained at two different free stream Mach numbers of 0.4 and 0.8 and at different angles of attack.The results showed the ability of this new test method to measure the very small Magnus force via surface pressures over the projectile.The results provide a deep insight into the flow structure and illustrate changes in the cross-flow separation locations as a result of rotation.Similar results were obtained by the numerical simulations and were compared with the experimental data.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10574018 and 10574020）.
文摘This paper studies the process of mutual neutralization of Si^＋ and H^- ions in slow collisions within the multichannel Landau-Zener model. All important ionic-covalent couplings in this collision system are included in the collision dynamics. The cross sections for population of specific final states of product Si atom are calculated in the CM energy range 0.05 e∨/u-5 ke∨/u. Both singlet and triplet states are considered. At collision energies below -10 e∨/u, the most populated singlet state is Si（3p4p, ^1S0）, while for energies above -150e∨/u it is the Si（3p, 4p, ^1P1） state. In the case of triplet states, the mixed 3p4p（^3S1 ＋^3P0） states are the most populated in the entire collision energy range investigated. The total cross section exhibits a broad maximum around 200 300e∨/u and for ECM ≤ 10e∨/u it monotonically increases with decreasing the collision energy, reaching a value of 8 × 10^-13 cm^2 at ECM = 0.05 e∨/u. The ion-pair formation process in Si（3p^2 ^3PJ）＋H（1s） collisions has also been considered and its cross section in the considered energy range is very small （smaller than 10^-20 cm^2 in the energy region below 1 ke∨/u）.
基金supported by financial assistantships from NATP-PB,NBPGR,Pusa Campus New Delhi
文摘A study was conducted to examine the distribution pattern of four rhizomatous medicinal and aromatic plant species （MAPs） viz., Angelica glauca, Pleurospermum angelicoides, Rheum emodi and Arne- bia benthamii in different forest stands in Central Himalaya. Results show that A. glauca and P. angelicoides had a higher （50%） frequency at Chipkoan, Garpak and Phagati forest, R. emodi had a higher （60%） frequency at Rishikund, Suki and Himtoli, and A. benthamii had a higher （70%） frequency at Suki and Khambdhar The densities of A. glauca （0.6 plants·m -2 ） and P. angelicoides （0.5 plants·m -2 ） were higher at Chipkoan and Garpak sites than at other micro-sites, while densities of R. emodi （0.8 plants·m -2 ） and A. benthamii （1.0 plants·m -2 ） were higher at Suki and Khambdhar sites. A. glauca had highest total basal covers （TBC） （1.2 cm 2 ·m -2 ） at Chipkoan, P. angelicoides had highest TBC （0.92 cm 2 ·m -2） at Lati kharak site, A. benthamii had the highest TBC （6.48 cm 2 ·m -2 ） atKhambdhar, and R. emodi had highest TBC （4.53 cm 2 ·m -2 ） at Rishikund. For the four studied species, A. glauca showed a contagious distribution, P. angelicoides and R. emodi showed the random and A. benthamii showed the regular type of distribution.
基金supported in part by the Light Metals Educational Foundation of Japan,and in part by the MEXT,Japan through Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas(Nos.JP19H05176&JP21H00150)the Challenging Research Exploratory(Grant No.JP22K18737)+6 种基金W.J.Botta is grateful to the Brazilian agencies FAPESP(Grant No.2013/05987-8)CNPq(Grant Nos.421181-2018-4 and 307397-2019-0)the financial support and to the Laboratory of Structural Characterization(LCE-DEMa-UFSCar)for general electron microscopy facilities.R.Floriano thanks for the financial support from FAPESP(Grant No.2022/01351-0)support from the French State through the ANR-21-CE08-0034-01 project as well as the program“Investment in the future”operated by the National Research Agency(ANR)referenced under No.ANR-11-LABX-0008-01(Labex DAMAS)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52171205)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52071157).
文摘Magnesium and its alloys are the most investigated materials for solid-state hydrogen storage in the form of metal hydrides,but there are still unresolved problems with the kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of this group of materials.Severe plastic deformation(SPD)methods,such as equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP),high-pressure torsion(HPT),intensive rolling,and fast forging,have been widely used to enhance the activation,air resistance,and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by introducing ultrafine/nanoscale grains and crystal lattice defects.These severely deformed materials,particularly in the presence of alloying additives or second-phase nanoparticles,can show not only fast hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics but also good cycling stability.It was shown that some materials that are apparently inert to hydrogen can absorb hydrogen after SPD processing.Moreover,the SPD methods were effectively used for hydrogen binding-energy engineering and synthesizing new magnesium alloys with low thermodynamic stability for reversible low/room-temperature hydrogen storage,such as nanoglasses,high-entropy alloys,and metastable phases including the high-pressureγ-MgH2 polymorph.This work reviews recent advances in the development of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials by SPD processing and discusses their potential in future applications.
基金Dr.Ella Sokol is acknowledged for joint collaboration while studying metamorphic mineralogy of MSCz.Contribution to IGCP Project #592 sponsored by UNESCOIUGSIn memory of Prof.R.Shagam (Beer-Sheva University),recently passed away,who encouraged our model and supported our researchfulfilled in the frame of Science project of Institute of Geology and Mineralogy,Siberian Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences
文摘The Mottled Zone（MZ） or Hatrurim Formation,which occurs near the Levantine Transform in the South Levant,has been studied during the last 150 years but its origin remains debatable.Mottled Zone Complex/Complexes（MZC/MZCs） consist of brecciated carbonate and low-temperature calcium-hydro-silicate rocks,which include unusual high- and ultra-high-temperature low-pressure（HT-LP） meta-morphic mineral assemblages.The MZ has been regarded as a product of combustion of bituminous chalks of the Ghareb Fm.of Cretaceous（Maastrichtian） age.In this paper we present detailed geographic, geomorphologic,structural and geological data from the MZCs of the South Levant,which show that the MZCs cannot be stratigraphically correlated with the Ghareb Fm.,because MZC late Oligocene-late Pleistocene deposits occur within or unconformable i.e.,with stratigraphic hiatus,overlap both the late Cretaceous and,in places,Neogene stratigraphic units.We propose an alternative model for the formation of MZCs by tectonically induced mud volcanism during late Oligocene-late Pleistocene time. This model explains（i） the presence of dikes and tube-like bodies,which consist of brecciated exotic clastic material derived from stratigraphically and hypsometrically lower horizons;（ii） mineral assemblages of sanidinite facies metamorphism;（iii） multi-stage character of HT-LP pyrometamorphism;and （iv） multi-stage low-temperature hydrothermal alteration.High temperatures（up to 1500℃） mineral assemblages resulted from combustion of hydrocarbon gases of mud volcanoes.Mud volcanism was spatially and structurally related to neotectonic folds and deformation zones formed in response to opening of the Red Sea rift and propagation of the Levantine Transform Fault.Our model may significantly change the prospects for oil-and-gas deposits in the region.
基金This work was supported by the Major Project for New Generation of AI(No.2018AAA0100400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41706010)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of the Equipments Pre-Research and Ministry of Education of China(No.6141A020337)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘Sea state bias(SSB)is an important component of errors for the radar altimeter measurements of sea surface height(SSH).However,existing SSB estimation methods are almost all based on single-task learning(STL),where one model is built on the data from only one radar altimeter.In this paper,taking account of the data from multiple radar altimeters available,we introduced a multi-task learning method,called trace-norm regularized multi-task learning(TNR-MTL),for SSB estimation.Corresponding to each individual task,TNR-MLT involves only three parameters.Hence,it is easy to implement.More importantly,the convergence of TNR-MLT is theoretically guaranteed.Compared with the commonly used STL models,TNR-MTL can effectively utilize the shared information between data from multiple altimeters.During the training of TNR-MTL,we used the JASON-2 and JASON-3 cycle data to solve two correlated SSB estimation tasks.Then the optimal model was selected to estimate SSB on the JASON-2 and the HY-270-71 cycle intersection data.For the JSAON-2 cycle intersection data,the corrected variance(M)has been reduced by 0.60 cm^2 compared to the geophysical data records(GDR);while for the HY-2 cycle intersection data,M has been reduced by 1.30 cm^2 compared to GDR.Therefore,TNR-MTL is proved to be effective for the SSB estimation tasks.
文摘PURPOSE: To compare the prevalence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in a pr ospective cohort of 22,382 diabetic patients with that in the general population . DESIGN: Prospective, observational, cohort study. METHODS: setting: A district of Israel’s largest health maintenance organization. study population: We foll owed the electronic medical records of all patients in the district older than 5 0 years (159,634 patients)between January 1 and December 31, 2003. Of those, 22, 382 (14.0%) had diabetes. observation procedure: The proportion of ocular lubri cation consumers was compared among diabetic and nondiabetic patients. All HbA1c laboratory tests performed by the diabetic patients were documented (41,910 tes ts), and glycemic control was correlated with the consumption of ocular lubricat ion. main outcome measures: Ocular lubrication use by diabetic patients compared with the general population and the relationship between glycemic control and o cular lubrication use. RESULTS: After age and gender adjustment, a significantly higher percentage of diabetic patients (20.6%) received ocular lubrication, co mpared with nondiabetic patients (13.8%, P< .001). The difference was significa nt for all age groups and for both sexes (P< .001). A similar significant differ ence was prominent between diabetic and nondiabetic patients aged 60 to 89 years who were frequent users of ocular lubrication. Ocular lubrication consumption i ncreased with poorer glycemic control (mean annual HbA1c levels). Multivariate a nalysis revealed this effect to be independent of age, sex, place of birth, or p lace of residence. CONCLUSIONS: KCS is significantly more common among diabetic patients. Poor glycemic control correlates with increased artificial tear use in diabetic patients.
文摘Objective. The cardinal indication for surgical treatment of gallstones is pain attacks. However, following cholecystectomy, 20%of patients remain symptomatic. It is unclear to what extent post-cholecystectomy symptoms can be ascribed to persistence of preoperative symptoms or to new pathology. The pain and digestive pattern in gallstone patients has not been defined in a recent setting with ultrasonography as the diagnostic method. The aim of this study was to characterize a pain pattern that is typical for gallstone disease and to describe the extent of associated dyspepsia. Material and methods. A total of 220 patients with symptomatic gallstone disease including complicated disease (acute cholecystitis and common bile duct stones) were interviewed using detailed questionnaires to disclose pain patterns and symptoms of indigestion. Results. All patients had pain in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) including the upper midline epigastrium. The pain was localized to the right subcostal area in 20%and to the upper epigastrium in 14%, and in the rest (66%) it was more evenly distributed. An area of maximal pain could be defined in 90%. Maximal pain was located under the costal arch in 51%of patients and in the epigastrium in 41%, but in 3%behind the sternum and in 5%in the back. The pain was referred to the back in 63%of the patients. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score was very high: 90 mm on a 0-100 scale. A pattern of incipient or low-grade warning pain with a subsequent relatively steady state until subsiding in the same fashion was present in 90%of the patients. An urge to walk around was experienced by 71%. Pain attacks usually occurred in the late evening or at night (77%), with 85%of the attacks lasting for more than one hour and almost never less than half an hour. Sixty-six percent of the patients were intolerant to at least one kind of food, but only 48%to fatty foods. Symptoms of functional indigestion (gastroesophageal reflux, dyspepsia or irritable bowel symptoms) were seen in the vast majority in association with attacks. Conclusions. Gallstone-associated pain follows a certain pattern in the majority of patients. The pain is located in a defined area with a point of maximum intensity, is usually referred, and occurs mainly at night with duration of more than one hour. The majority of patients experience functional indigestion, mainly of the reflux type or dyspepsia.
