Flower and fruit abscission reduce crop yield,so decreasing abscission is a significant agricultural issue.HAESA(HAE)and HAESA-like2(HSL2)kinases and their ligand,INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION(IDA)peptide,have...Flower and fruit abscission reduce crop yield,so decreasing abscission is a significant agricultural issue.HAESA(HAE)and HAESA-like2(HSL2)kinases and their ligand,INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION(IDA)peptide,have been confirmed to be the core elements regulating floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana.Our earlier research revealed that Sl IDL6,a homolog of IDA in tomato,functions similarly to At IDA,regulating the abscission of tomato flower organs.Here,we further isolated three HAESA-like homologs,Sl HSL1/2/3,which are involved in tomato flower abscission.Sl HSL1/2/3 are highly expressed in the abscission zone(AZ).The knockout mutant lines of Slhsl1,Slhsl2,and Slhsl3 showed lower flower pedicel abscission than wild type(WT).The double mutant of Slhsl1Slhsl2,Slhsl1Slhsl3,and Slhsl2Slhsl3 further depressed abscission than each of the single mutant lines,while triple mutants Slhsl1Slhsl2Slhsl3 exhibited the lowest abscission,indicating that Sl HSL1/2/3 mediated abscission is non-redundancy,at least partially.Treating tomato pedicel explants with Sl IDL6 peptide significantly accelerated pedicel abscission in WT.However,it had little effect on the abscission rate of Sl HSL1/2/3 knockout lines,indicating that Sl HSL1/2/3 are the receptors of Sl IDL6 in pedicel abscission.Ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)can significantly depress the expression of Sl HSL1/2/3.Ethylene can significantly accelerate the abscission of WT,while less abscission was found in Sl HSL1/2/3 knockout lines.Our findings indicate that Sl HSL1/2/3 can act as receptors for Sl IDL6 to positively regulate tomato pedicel abscission,and the abscission regulated by Sl HSL1/2/3 was partially dependent on ethylene.展开更多
Drill string vibration during drilling plays a vital and potentially decisive role in maintaining wellbore stability,as repeated impacts may lead to fatigue and borehole collapse.While drilling through geological laye...Drill string vibration during drilling plays a vital and potentially decisive role in maintaining wellbore stability,as repeated impacts may lead to fatigue and borehole collapse.While drilling through geological layers,a material contrast may act as a localization point for wellbore damage.The hypothesis tested in this paper is that wellbore instability is focused on the boundary between the layers and that mechanical contrasts accelerate the wellbore collapse.In this study,an elastic-plastic damage model was employed to investigate the effects of repeated mechanical impacts on wellbore stability.A 2-dimensional(2D)model of a wellbore surrounded by contrasting materials was developed,and the accumulated damage caused by repeated lateral impacts was monitored.It was found that damage develops not only around the wall of the wellbore but also along the material boundaries.A sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the impact of contrasts in both elastic(Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio)and plastic(cohesion,friction angle,and dilation angle)parameters between layers.Four damage patterns were identifiedin the simulated models.The results also suggested that the number of impacts required to reach the critical damage was highly affected by the contrast in elastic parameters,while cohesion and friction angle contrasts had a lesser effect.Additionally,increasing the contrast in the dilation angle localized the damage,thus reducing the number of impacts required to trigger wellbore failure.展开更多
This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material u...This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material usage,and costs.In the first stage,an extended key block analysis identifies key blocks and key block groups,accounting for progressive failure and force interactions.The second stage uses AI algorithms to optimise rockbolting design,balancing stability,cost,and material use.The most efficient algorithms include the multi-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator(MOTPE)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms(NSGA-II and NSGA-III).Applied to the Larvik rock slope,the optimised solution uses 18 pre-tensioned cablebolts,providing 13.2 MN of active force and achieving a factor of safety of 1.31 while reducing the average anchorage length by approximately 16%compared to traditional design.The AI-assisted approach also reduces computation time by over 90%compared to Quasi-Monte Carlo(QMC)methods,demonstrating its efficiency for small-scale civil engineering projects and large-scale mining operations.The developed tool is practical,compatible with Building Information Modelling(BIM),and ready for engineering implementation,supporting sustainable and cost-effective rock slope stabilisation.While the method is largely automated,professional judgement remains crucial for verifying ground conditions and selecting the final solution.Future work will focus on integrating data uncertainties,addressing complex block deformation mechanisms,refining optimisation objectives,and improving the performance of multi-objective optimisation for slope rockboling applications to further enhance the method's versatility.展开更多
The 33rd International Geological Congress is being organised jointly by the Nordic countries and to be held in Oslo, Norway, August 6-14th, 2008. This ＂Geoscience World Congress 2008＂ will run up to 40 parallel sci...The 33rd International Geological Congress is being organised jointly by the Nordic countries and to be held in Oslo, Norway, August 6-14th, 2008. This ＂Geoscience World Congress 2008＂ will run up to 40 parallel science sessions, poster sessions, an extensive exhibition, short-courses, workshops, and business meet- ings; about 50 exciting preand post-Congress excursions are planned. The excursions include all the Nordic countries, as well as Greenland, Svalbard, the Faeroes, Russia and Ukraine. All major geoscientific themes are being covered by the Congress which has been divided into two parts, Sunday lOth August being without Symposia and dedicated to workshops, short courses, business meetings and excursions. Through a series of ＂Themes of the Day＂, seven themes with major societal impact will be covered in plenary sessions with invited lecturers, including a key-note ＂StatoiIHydro lecture＂ given each day during the lunch interval. The venue is set up to offer a compact Congress with easy access to all sessions and other events. An extensive social and cultural programme is also being arranged.展开更多
现有系统工程研制方法在智能化手段方面存在明显不足,难以满足复杂装备研制过程中日益增长的智能设计需求。针对这一问题,提出一种面向空间智能的基于模型的系统工程方法。该方法充分发挥了多架构统一建模语言架构模型规范的组合(kombin...现有系统工程研制方法在智能化手段方面存在明显不足,难以满足复杂装备研制过程中日益增长的智能设计需求。针对这一问题,提出一种面向空间智能的基于模型的系统工程方法。该方法充分发挥了多架构统一建模语言架构模型规范的组合(kombination of architecture model specification,KARMA)的语义建模优势,融合了大语言模型、计算机视觉、三维场景建模等前沿技术,构建了系统工程领域的空间智能框架,从而实现了面向复杂装备数字化研制及系统工程研发的智能化建模方法。通过3个典型场景的智能化建模案例,系统验证了基于KARMA语言的空间智能框架的可行性和实用性。进一步研究表明,通过将KARMA与大语言模型、计算机视觉及三维模型进行深度整合,所提方法在支持复杂系统智能化设计方面展现出显著优势,为系统工程领域的智能化转型提供了技术路径。展开更多
基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)的发展为复杂装备提供一种全新的设计范式。从“以文本为中心”向“以模型为中心”的转变,推动产品交付的数字化进程。因此,模型质量成为MBSE系统模型的开发过程中需要重点衡...基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)的发展为复杂装备提供一种全新的设计范式。从“以文本为中心”向“以模型为中心”的转变,推动产品交付的数字化进程。因此,模型质量成为MBSE系统模型的开发过程中需要重点衡量的问题。首先,讨论架构模型质量的基本内涵和概念定义;重点分析架构模型质量所涉及的质量特征,提出架构模型质量框架来量化定义什么是“好的模型”。然后,探讨面向复杂装备设计的模型质量保证技术。最后,讨论架构模型质量在设计过程中面临的挑战,展望未来的发展方向,促进无缺陷模型贯穿产品全生命周期,驱动装备数字化设计的高质量发展。展开更多
Background Preclinical studies demonstrate that exercise reduces tumor incidence and growth.Rapid release of extracellular vesicles(EVs)during exercise suggests their potential role as mediators of exercise-induced sy...Background Preclinical studies demonstrate that exercise reduces tumor incidence and growth.Rapid release of extracellular vesicles(EVs)during exercise suggests their potential role as mediators of exercise-induced systemic effects and physiological adaptation.This study investigated the impact of exercise-induced plasma EVs on tumor growth and immune tumor microenvironment in murine models of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC):EO771(a C57BL/6-derived TNBC cell line)and 4T1(a BALB/c-derived TNBC cell line).Methods Size exclusion chromatography was used to isolate exercise-induced EVs from plasma of healthy female mice(BALB/c and C56BL/6,n=30 per strain)that underwent ten 30-min moderate-intensity treadmill running sessions over 2 weeks.Nanoparticle tracking analysis,Western blot,and electron microscopy confirmed the presence of EVs in the samples.Tumor-bearing mice(n=72 per strain)were administered with exercise-induced EVs before or/and after tumor implantation.Local and systemic immune responses were assessed using flow cytometry,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results Administration of exercise-induced EVs,particularly before tumor implantation,significantly suppressed tumor growth and reduced tumor burden in both TNBC models.In EO771,endpoint tumor volumes were 278–330 mm^(3)in treated groups compared to 799 mm^(3)in untreated(p<0.0001),while in 4T1,treated groups showed volumes of 287–564 mm^(3)vs.696 mm^(3)in untreated(p=0.0002).Notable differences in tumor-infiltrating lymphoid and myeloid cell subpopulations indicated immunomodulatory effects of exercise-induced EVs,particularly in the 4T1 model,where their continuous administration significantly increased intratumoral cluster of differentiation 8(CD8)T lymphocyte proportion(5.77%vs.0.90%in untreated,p<0.0001).Similarly,in the EO771 model,exercise-induced EVs administered before tumor implantation led to a marked rise in intratumoral CD8 T lymphocytes(2.24%vs.1.08%in untreated,p=0.0181).Conclusion Our findings indicate that exercise-induced EV treatment elicits a pro-inflammatory antitumor immune response,suggesting a shift of immunologically cold TNBC tumors towards a more inflamed phenotype associated with better outcomes.Our study supports the further investigation of EVs as modulators of antitumor immunity and their potential utility in enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy.展开更多
Conventional borehole image log interpretation of linear fractures on volcanic rocks,represented as sinusoids on unwrapped cylinder projections,is relatively straight-forward,however,interpreting non-linear rock struc...Conventional borehole image log interpretation of linear fractures on volcanic rocks,represented as sinusoids on unwrapped cylinder projections,is relatively straight-forward,however,interpreting non-linear rock structures and complex facies geometries can be more challenging.To characterize diverse volcanic paleoenvironments related to the formation of the South American continent,this study presents a new methodology based on image logs,petrography,seismic data,and outcrop analogues.The presented methodology used pseudo-boreholes images generated from outcrop photographs with typical igneous rock features worldwide simulating 2D unwrapped cylinder projections of a 31 cm(12.25 in)diameter well.These synthetic images and standard outcrop photographs were used to define morphological patterns of igneous structures and facies for comparison with wireline borehole image logs from subsurface volcanic and subvolcanic units,providing a“visual scale”for geological evaluation of volcanic facies,significantly enhancing the identification efficiency and reliability of complex geological structures.Our analysis focused on various scales of columnar jointing and pillow lava lobes with additional examples including pahoehoe lava,ignimbrite,hyaloclastite,and various intrusive features in Campos,Santos,and Parnaíba basins in Brazil.This approach increases confidence in the interpretation of subvolcanic,subaerial,and subaqueous deposits.The image log interpretation combined with regional geological knowledge has enabled paleoenvironmental insights into the rift magmatism system related to the breakup of Gondwana with associated implications for hydrocarbon exploration.展开更多
The balancing market in the energy sector plays a critical role in physically and financially balancing the supply and demand.Modeling dynamics in the balancing market can provide valuable insights and prognosis for p...The balancing market in the energy sector plays a critical role in physically and financially balancing the supply and demand.Modeling dynamics in the balancing market can provide valuable insights and prognosis for power grid stability and secure energy supply.While complex machine learning models can achieve high accuracy,their“blackbox”nature severely limits the model interpretability.In this paper,we explore the trade-off between model accuracy and interpretability for the energy balancing market.Particularly,we take the example of forecasting manual frequency restoration reserve(mFRR)activation price in the balancing market using real market data from different energy price zones.We explore the interpretability of mFRR forecasting using two models:extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)machine and explainable boosting machine(EBM).We also integrate the two models,and we benchmark all the models against a baseline naive model.Our results show that EBM provides forecasting accuracy comparable to XGBoost while yielding a considerable level of interpretability.Our analysis also underscores the challenge of accurately predicting the mFRR price for the instances when the activation price deviates significantly from the spot price.Importantly,EBM's interpretability features reveal insights into non-linear mFRR price drivers and regional market dynamics.Our study demonstrates that EBM is a viable and valuable interpretable alternative to complex black-box AI models in the forecast for the balancing market.展开更多
Fault sensing in wind turbine(WT)generator bearings is essential for ensuring reliability and holding down maintenance costs.Feeding raw sensor data to machine learning(ML)model often overlooks the enveloping interdep...Fault sensing in wind turbine(WT)generator bearings is essential for ensuring reliability and holding down maintenance costs.Feeding raw sensor data to machine learning(ML)model often overlooks the enveloping interdependencies between system elements.This study proposes a new hybrid method that combines the domain knowledge via knowledge graphs(KGs)and the traditional feature-based data.Incorporation of contextual relationships through construction of graph embedding methods,such as Node2Vec,can capture meaningful information,such as the relationships among key parameters(e.g.wind speed,rotor Revolutions Per Minute(RPM),and temperature)in the enriched feature representations.These node embeddings,when augmented with the original data,can be used to allow the model to learn and generalize better.As shown in results achieved on experimental data,the augmented ML model(with KG)is much better at predicting with the help of accuracy and error measure compared to traditional ML methods.Paired t-test analysis proves the statistical validity of this improvement.Moreover,graph-based feature importance increases the interpretability of the model and helps to uncover the structurally significant variables that are otherwise ignored by the common methods.The approach provides an excellent,knowledge-guided manner through which intelligent fault detection can be executed on WT systems.展开更多
During drilling operations,cyclic loading is exerted on the wellbore wall by the vibrations of the drill string.This loading could lead to rock fatigue,which in turn might result in wellbore failure.In this study,a nu...During drilling operations,cyclic loading is exerted on the wellbore wall by the vibrations of the drill string.This loading could lead to rock fatigue,which in turn might result in wellbore failure.In this study,a numerical model is developed to simulate the effects of repeated loading on rock fatigue and failure.The simulation is based on an elasto-plastic constitutive model coupled with a damage mechanics approach,which allows us to examine the wellbore instability due to drill string vibrations.The model is verified with the existing data in the literature related to experiments on impact of a steel ball against a curved wall.The findings indicate that cyclic loading increases the development of plastic strain around the wellbore significantly compared to static conditions,promoting rock fatigue.Furthermore,the cyclic loading expands the radius of the yielded zone substantially,a critical factor for maintaining wellbore integrity.The proposed model can be used to evaluate the wellbore stability under repetitive loading caused by the drill string action.展开更多
The flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),predominantly nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),from land to coastal waters via rivers is commonly estimated simply by multiplying water flux with nitrogen conce...The flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),predominantly nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),from land to coastal waters via rivers is commonly estimated simply by multiplying water flux with nitrogen concentration.Understanding DIN fluxes in gated estuaries is critical as these systems often serve as hotspots for nutrient transformations,influencing coastal water quality and ecosystem health.However,the subsequent interactions involving NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+)adsorption or desorption on suspended sediments are often overlooked.To better understand the impact of these interactions on the overall NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+)sorption or desorption and subsequently,the mobility and transport to the coastal zone,we conducted a series of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+)adsorption and desorption experiments.These experiments involved varying suspended sediment concentrations,particle sizes,salinities,and sea-salt ions to assess their potential effects.Results indicate that desorption of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+)from suspended sediments is more prominent than adsorption,with NH_(4)^(+)desorption being particularly significant.Notably,at low suspended particle concentrations and high salinity,NH_(4)^(+)desorption from sediments increased markedly,which further amplified in polyhaline conditions.This effect could result from ion pairing between NH_(4)^(+)and seawater anions,along with competition from seawater cations for sediment cation exchange sites,enhancing NH_(4)^(+)diffusion from estuarine sediments,and the elevated NH_(4)^(+)release could promote DIN transport to nearshore waters,especially in gated estuaries where sediment resuspension occurs.Given the critical role of NH_(4)^(+)in estuarine nitrogen cycling,ignoring these dynamics could lead to underestimations of DIN transport in river-estuary systems.Therefore,incorporating sediment dynamics into DIN flux estimations is crucial for accurately assessing nitrogen transport in gated estuaries.展开更多
Surge-type glaciers are widely developed in mountainous areas around the world.Understanding the trigger mechanism of glacier surge is a prerequisite for addressing their impacts on hydrological assessments,disentangl...Surge-type glaciers are widely developed in mountainous areas around the world.Understanding the trigger mechanism of glacier surge is a prerequisite for addressing their impacts on hydrological assessments,disentangling climate-glacier linkages,and mitigating downstream hazards.Most glacier surges occur in the compound glaciers;however,attention paid to the trigger mechanisms of such surges is minimal.This study confirmed two surges in the northern and southern branches of the Aru-4 glacier,respectively,in the Western Tibetan Plateau,using multisource remote sensing data.The northern branch of the Aru-4 glacier entered the active phase in 1999 and the active phase lasted for 6 years.The southern branch of the Aru-4 glacier entered the active phase in 2007 and the active phase lasted for 9 years.The southern branch of the Aru-4 glacier experienced a long period of retreat before the northern branch surged and their tongues were in a detached state.The northern branch surge carried a large amount of ice to the frontal area,blocking the downward transport of ice from the southern branch and initiated surge.Through the analysis of two surge processes of Aru-4 glacier,we found a new surge mechanism for compound glaciers.It was revealed that surges in such glaciers are not only triggered by the reduction in basal sliding resistance caused by the internal factors.These surges initiated in the upper part of the glacier then propagated to down glacier by intense compression force.Furthermore,surges can also be triggered by external intervention of blocking by other branches.This external trigger initiates the surge in the lower part of the glacier then propagated to the upper part by longitudinal traction force.In addition,comparing with the surge triggered by the internal factors,the surge triggered by the external intervention may have a more dramatic process.展开更多
基金supported by the Liaoning Science and Technology Innovation Team Project,China(JYTTD2024007)。
文摘Flower and fruit abscission reduce crop yield,so decreasing abscission is a significant agricultural issue.HAESA(HAE)and HAESA-like2(HSL2)kinases and their ligand,INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION(IDA)peptide,have been confirmed to be the core elements regulating floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana.Our earlier research revealed that Sl IDL6,a homolog of IDA in tomato,functions similarly to At IDA,regulating the abscission of tomato flower organs.Here,we further isolated three HAESA-like homologs,Sl HSL1/2/3,which are involved in tomato flower abscission.Sl HSL1/2/3 are highly expressed in the abscission zone(AZ).The knockout mutant lines of Slhsl1,Slhsl2,and Slhsl3 showed lower flower pedicel abscission than wild type(WT).The double mutant of Slhsl1Slhsl2,Slhsl1Slhsl3,and Slhsl2Slhsl3 further depressed abscission than each of the single mutant lines,while triple mutants Slhsl1Slhsl2Slhsl3 exhibited the lowest abscission,indicating that Sl HSL1/2/3 mediated abscission is non-redundancy,at least partially.Treating tomato pedicel explants with Sl IDL6 peptide significantly accelerated pedicel abscission in WT.However,it had little effect on the abscission rate of Sl HSL1/2/3 knockout lines,indicating that Sl HSL1/2/3 are the receptors of Sl IDL6 in pedicel abscission.Ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)can significantly depress the expression of Sl HSL1/2/3.Ethylene can significantly accelerate the abscission of WT,while less abscission was found in Sl HSL1/2/3 knockout lines.Our findings indicate that Sl HSL1/2/3 can act as receptors for Sl IDL6 to positively regulate tomato pedicel abscission,and the abscission regulated by Sl HSL1/2/3 was partially dependent on ethylene.
基金support from the Research Council of Norway,Equinor,and Sekal with NFR project(Grant No.308826).
文摘Drill string vibration during drilling plays a vital and potentially decisive role in maintaining wellbore stability,as repeated impacts may lead to fatigue and borehole collapse.While drilling through geological layers,a material contrast may act as a localization point for wellbore damage.The hypothesis tested in this paper is that wellbore instability is focused on the boundary between the layers and that mechanical contrasts accelerate the wellbore collapse.In this study,an elastic-plastic damage model was employed to investigate the effects of repeated mechanical impacts on wellbore stability.A 2-dimensional(2D)model of a wellbore surrounded by contrasting materials was developed,and the accumulated damage caused by repeated lateral impacts was monitored.It was found that damage develops not only around the wall of the wellbore but also along the material boundaries.A sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the impact of contrasts in both elastic(Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio)and plastic(cohesion,friction angle,and dilation angle)parameters between layers.Four damage patterns were identifiedin the simulated models.The results also suggested that the number of impacts required to reach the critical damage was highly affected by the contrast in elastic parameters,while cohesion and friction angle contrasts had a lesser effect.Additionally,increasing the contrast in the dilation angle localized the damage,thus reducing the number of impacts required to trigger wellbore failure.
基金support from Research Council of Norway via STIPINST PhD grant(Grant No.323307),Bever Control AS,and Bane NOR.
文摘This paper presents a novel artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted two-stage method for optimising rock slope stability by integrating advanced 3D modelling with rock support design,aiming at minimising risks,material usage,and costs.In the first stage,an extended key block analysis identifies key blocks and key block groups,accounting for progressive failure and force interactions.The second stage uses AI algorithms to optimise rockbolting design,balancing stability,cost,and material use.The most efficient algorithms include the multi-objective tree-structured Parzen estimator(MOTPE)and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms(NSGA-II and NSGA-III).Applied to the Larvik rock slope,the optimised solution uses 18 pre-tensioned cablebolts,providing 13.2 MN of active force and achieving a factor of safety of 1.31 while reducing the average anchorage length by approximately 16%compared to traditional design.The AI-assisted approach also reduces computation time by over 90%compared to Quasi-Monte Carlo(QMC)methods,demonstrating its efficiency for small-scale civil engineering projects and large-scale mining operations.The developed tool is practical,compatible with Building Information Modelling(BIM),and ready for engineering implementation,supporting sustainable and cost-effective rock slope stabilisation.While the method is largely automated,professional judgement remains crucial for verifying ground conditions and selecting the final solution.Future work will focus on integrating data uncertainties,addressing complex block deformation mechanisms,refining optimisation objectives,and improving the performance of multi-objective optimisation for slope rockboling applications to further enhance the method's versatility.
文摘The 33rd International Geological Congress is being organised jointly by the Nordic countries and to be held in Oslo, Norway, August 6-14th, 2008. This ＂Geoscience World Congress 2008＂ will run up to 40 parallel science sessions, poster sessions, an extensive exhibition, short-courses, workshops, and business meet- ings; about 50 exciting preand post-Congress excursions are planned. The excursions include all the Nordic countries, as well as Greenland, Svalbard, the Faeroes, Russia and Ukraine. All major geoscientific themes are being covered by the Congress which has been divided into two parts, Sunday lOth August being without Symposia and dedicated to workshops, short courses, business meetings and excursions. Through a series of ＂Themes of the Day＂, seven themes with major societal impact will be covered in plenary sessions with invited lecturers, including a key-note ＂StatoiIHydro lecture＂ given each day during the lunch interval. The venue is set up to offer a compact Congress with easy access to all sessions and other events. An extensive social and cultural programme is also being arranged.
文摘现有系统工程研制方法在智能化手段方面存在明显不足,难以满足复杂装备研制过程中日益增长的智能设计需求。针对这一问题,提出一种面向空间智能的基于模型的系统工程方法。该方法充分发挥了多架构统一建模语言架构模型规范的组合(kombination of architecture model specification,KARMA)的语义建模优势,融合了大语言模型、计算机视觉、三维场景建模等前沿技术,构建了系统工程领域的空间智能框架,从而实现了面向复杂装备数字化研制及系统工程研发的智能化建模方法。通过3个典型场景的智能化建模案例,系统验证了基于KARMA语言的空间智能框架的可行性和实用性。进一步研究表明,通过将KARMA与大语言模型、计算机视觉及三维模型进行深度整合,所提方法在支持复杂系统智能化设计方面展现出显著优势,为系统工程领域的智能化转型提供了技术路径。
文摘基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)的发展为复杂装备提供一种全新的设计范式。从“以文本为中心”向“以模型为中心”的转变,推动产品交付的数字化进程。因此,模型质量成为MBSE系统模型的开发过程中需要重点衡量的问题。首先,讨论架构模型质量的基本内涵和概念定义;重点分析架构模型质量所涉及的质量特征,提出架构模型质量框架来量化定义什么是“好的模型”。然后,探讨面向复杂装备设计的模型质量保证技术。最后,讨论架构模型质量在设计过程中面临的挑战,展望未来的发展方向,促进无缺陷模型贯穿产品全生命周期,驱动装备数字化设计的高质量发展。
基金funded by the Europe Economic Area(EEA)and Norway Grants 2014-2021,Grant No.EEA-RESEARCH-164 for AM,ALl,and ALi.
文摘Background Preclinical studies demonstrate that exercise reduces tumor incidence and growth.Rapid release of extracellular vesicles(EVs)during exercise suggests their potential role as mediators of exercise-induced systemic effects and physiological adaptation.This study investigated the impact of exercise-induced plasma EVs on tumor growth and immune tumor microenvironment in murine models of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC):EO771(a C57BL/6-derived TNBC cell line)and 4T1(a BALB/c-derived TNBC cell line).Methods Size exclusion chromatography was used to isolate exercise-induced EVs from plasma of healthy female mice(BALB/c and C56BL/6,n=30 per strain)that underwent ten 30-min moderate-intensity treadmill running sessions over 2 weeks.Nanoparticle tracking analysis,Western blot,and electron microscopy confirmed the presence of EVs in the samples.Tumor-bearing mice(n=72 per strain)were administered with exercise-induced EVs before or/and after tumor implantation.Local and systemic immune responses were assessed using flow cytometry,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results Administration of exercise-induced EVs,particularly before tumor implantation,significantly suppressed tumor growth and reduced tumor burden in both TNBC models.In EO771,endpoint tumor volumes were 278–330 mm^(3)in treated groups compared to 799 mm^(3)in untreated(p<0.0001),while in 4T1,treated groups showed volumes of 287–564 mm^(3)vs.696 mm^(3)in untreated(p=0.0002).Notable differences in tumor-infiltrating lymphoid and myeloid cell subpopulations indicated immunomodulatory effects of exercise-induced EVs,particularly in the 4T1 model,where their continuous administration significantly increased intratumoral cluster of differentiation 8(CD8)T lymphocyte proportion(5.77%vs.0.90%in untreated,p<0.0001).Similarly,in the EO771 model,exercise-induced EVs administered before tumor implantation led to a marked rise in intratumoral CD8 T lymphocytes(2.24%vs.1.08%in untreated,p=0.0181).Conclusion Our findings indicate that exercise-induced EV treatment elicits a pro-inflammatory antitumor immune response,suggesting a shift of immunologically cold TNBC tumors towards a more inflamed phenotype associated with better outcomes.Our study supports the further investigation of EVs as modulators of antitumor immunity and their potential utility in enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy.
文摘Conventional borehole image log interpretation of linear fractures on volcanic rocks,represented as sinusoids on unwrapped cylinder projections,is relatively straight-forward,however,interpreting non-linear rock structures and complex facies geometries can be more challenging.To characterize diverse volcanic paleoenvironments related to the formation of the South American continent,this study presents a new methodology based on image logs,petrography,seismic data,and outcrop analogues.The presented methodology used pseudo-boreholes images generated from outcrop photographs with typical igneous rock features worldwide simulating 2D unwrapped cylinder projections of a 31 cm(12.25 in)diameter well.These synthetic images and standard outcrop photographs were used to define morphological patterns of igneous structures and facies for comparison with wireline borehole image logs from subsurface volcanic and subvolcanic units,providing a“visual scale”for geological evaluation of volcanic facies,significantly enhancing the identification efficiency and reliability of complex geological structures.Our analysis focused on various scales of columnar jointing and pillow lava lobes with additional examples including pahoehoe lava,ignimbrite,hyaloclastite,and various intrusive features in Campos,Santos,and Parnaíba basins in Brazil.This approach increases confidence in the interpretation of subvolcanic,subaerial,and subaqueous deposits.The image log interpretation combined with regional geological knowledge has enabled paleoenvironmental insights into the rift magmatism system related to the breakup of Gondwana with associated implications for hydrocarbon exploration.
基金PriTEM project funded by UiO:Energy Convergence Environments
文摘The balancing market in the energy sector plays a critical role in physically and financially balancing the supply and demand.Modeling dynamics in the balancing market can provide valuable insights and prognosis for power grid stability and secure energy supply.While complex machine learning models can achieve high accuracy,their“blackbox”nature severely limits the model interpretability.In this paper,we explore the trade-off between model accuracy and interpretability for the energy balancing market.Particularly,we take the example of forecasting manual frequency restoration reserve(mFRR)activation price in the balancing market using real market data from different energy price zones.We explore the interpretability of mFRR forecasting using two models:extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)machine and explainable boosting machine(EBM).We also integrate the two models,and we benchmark all the models against a baseline naive model.Our results show that EBM provides forecasting accuracy comparable to XGBoost while yielding a considerable level of interpretability.Our analysis also underscores the challenge of accurately predicting the mFRR price for the instances when the activation price deviates significantly from the spot price.Importantly,EBM's interpretability features reveal insights into non-linear mFRR price drivers and regional market dynamics.Our study demonstrates that EBM is a viable and valuable interpretable alternative to complex black-box AI models in the forecast for the balancing market.
文摘Fault sensing in wind turbine(WT)generator bearings is essential for ensuring reliability and holding down maintenance costs.Feeding raw sensor data to machine learning(ML)model often overlooks the enveloping interdependencies between system elements.This study proposes a new hybrid method that combines the domain knowledge via knowledge graphs(KGs)and the traditional feature-based data.Incorporation of contextual relationships through construction of graph embedding methods,such as Node2Vec,can capture meaningful information,such as the relationships among key parameters(e.g.wind speed,rotor Revolutions Per Minute(RPM),and temperature)in the enriched feature representations.These node embeddings,when augmented with the original data,can be used to allow the model to learn and generalize better.As shown in results achieved on experimental data,the augmented ML model(with KG)is much better at predicting with the help of accuracy and error measure compared to traditional ML methods.Paired t-test analysis proves the statistical validity of this improvement.Moreover,graph-based feature importance increases the interpretability of the model and helps to uncover the structurally significant variables that are otherwise ignored by the common methods.The approach provides an excellent,knowledge-guided manner through which intelligent fault detection can be executed on WT systems.
基金funded by the Research council of Norway,Equinor and Sekal with NFR(Grant No.308826).
文摘During drilling operations,cyclic loading is exerted on the wellbore wall by the vibrations of the drill string.This loading could lead to rock fatigue,which in turn might result in wellbore failure.In this study,a numerical model is developed to simulate the effects of repeated loading on rock fatigue and failure.The simulation is based on an elasto-plastic constitutive model coupled with a damage mechanics approach,which allows us to examine the wellbore instability due to drill string vibrations.The model is verified with the existing data in the literature related to experiments on impact of a steel ball against a curved wall.The findings indicate that cyclic loading increases the development of plastic strain around the wellbore significantly compared to static conditions,promoting rock fatigue.Furthermore,the cyclic loading expands the radius of the yielded zone substantially,a critical factor for maintaining wellbore integrity.The proposed model can be used to evaluate the wellbore stability under repetitive loading caused by the drill string action.
基金Supported by the Tianjin Key R&D Program(No.21YFSNSN00220)。
文摘The flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN),predominantly nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),from land to coastal waters via rivers is commonly estimated simply by multiplying water flux with nitrogen concentration.Understanding DIN fluxes in gated estuaries is critical as these systems often serve as hotspots for nutrient transformations,influencing coastal water quality and ecosystem health.However,the subsequent interactions involving NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+)adsorption or desorption on suspended sediments are often overlooked.To better understand the impact of these interactions on the overall NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+)sorption or desorption and subsequently,the mobility and transport to the coastal zone,we conducted a series of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+)adsorption and desorption experiments.These experiments involved varying suspended sediment concentrations,particle sizes,salinities,and sea-salt ions to assess their potential effects.Results indicate that desorption of NO_(3)^(-)and NH_(4)^(+)from suspended sediments is more prominent than adsorption,with NH_(4)^(+)desorption being particularly significant.Notably,at low suspended particle concentrations and high salinity,NH_(4)^(+)desorption from sediments increased markedly,which further amplified in polyhaline conditions.This effect could result from ion pairing between NH_(4)^(+)and seawater anions,along with competition from seawater cations for sediment cation exchange sites,enhancing NH_(4)^(+)diffusion from estuarine sediments,and the elevated NH_(4)^(+)release could promote DIN transport to nearshore waters,especially in gated estuaries where sediment resuspension occurs.Given the critical role of NH_(4)^(+)in estuarine nitrogen cycling,ignoring these dynamics could lead to underestimations of DIN transport in river-estuary systems.Therefore,incorporating sediment dynamics into DIN flux estimations is crucial for accurately assessing nitrogen transport in gated estuaries.
基金funded by the Open Research Fund of TPESER(Grant No.TPESER202502)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF0810700)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Program Project of Gansu Province,China(Grant No.25JRRA138)the Hydraulic Science Experimental Research and Technology Extension Project of Gansu Province,China(Grant No.25GSLK094)the Open Foundation of MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System,Lanzhou Universitythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.1zujbky-2025-jdzx02)。
文摘Surge-type glaciers are widely developed in mountainous areas around the world.Understanding the trigger mechanism of glacier surge is a prerequisite for addressing their impacts on hydrological assessments,disentangling climate-glacier linkages,and mitigating downstream hazards.Most glacier surges occur in the compound glaciers;however,attention paid to the trigger mechanisms of such surges is minimal.This study confirmed two surges in the northern and southern branches of the Aru-4 glacier,respectively,in the Western Tibetan Plateau,using multisource remote sensing data.The northern branch of the Aru-4 glacier entered the active phase in 1999 and the active phase lasted for 6 years.The southern branch of the Aru-4 glacier entered the active phase in 2007 and the active phase lasted for 9 years.The southern branch of the Aru-4 glacier experienced a long period of retreat before the northern branch surged and their tongues were in a detached state.The northern branch surge carried a large amount of ice to the frontal area,blocking the downward transport of ice from the southern branch and initiated surge.Through the analysis of two surge processes of Aru-4 glacier,we found a new surge mechanism for compound glaciers.It was revealed that surges in such glaciers are not only triggered by the reduction in basal sliding resistance caused by the internal factors.These surges initiated in the upper part of the glacier then propagated to down glacier by intense compression force.Furthermore,surges can also be triggered by external intervention of blocking by other branches.This external trigger initiates the surge in the lower part of the glacier then propagated to the upper part by longitudinal traction force.In addition,comparing with the surge triggered by the internal factors,the surge triggered by the external intervention may have a more dramatic process.
