The present study investigates the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of juice from the Gannan navel orange, which is harvested at one-to two-week intervals during the ripening period. The total soluble sol...The present study investigates the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of juice from the Gannan navel orange, which is harvested at one-to two-week intervals during the ripening period. The total soluble solid(TSS), total polyphenol content(TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC), sucrose and hesperidin contents gradually increase with the ripening of the fruit, followed by slight declines at the late maturity stage. Contrary to these observations, the contents of titratable acid(TA), vitamin C(Vc), and limonin trend downward throughout the ripening period. However, the contents of fructose, glucose, and narirutin fluctuate throughout the harvest time. Three in vitro antioxidant assays consistently indicate that the harvest time exerts no significant influence(P>0.01) on the antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, principal component analysis(PCA) and Pearson’s correlation test are performed to provide an overview of the complete dataset.This study provides valuable information for evaluating the fruit quality and determining when to harvest the fruit in order to meet the preferences of consumers. Meanwhile, our observations suggest that the fruits subjected to juice processing should be harvested at the late maturity stage to alleviate the "delayed bitterness" problem without compromising the antioxidant capacity and the flavonoid content in the juice.展开更多
Selection of rootstock is very important for citrus production. Besides its major role on resistance, the rootstock also can affect fruit production and quality. Currently, the main concerns on selection of rootstock ...Selection of rootstock is very important for citrus production. Besides its major role on resistance, the rootstock also can affect fruit production and quality. Currently, the main concerns on selection of rootstock for citrus production are compatibility and resistance, due to less information on the impacts of rootstock to the performance of scion varieties. This study aims to provide information on performances of navel orange varieties on different rootstocks. Three late-ripening navel orange varieties(Citrus sinensis var. Powell, Chislett and Banfield) grafted on seven rootstocks(Swingle citrumelo(C. paradisi× P. trifoliata), Carrizo citrange(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), X639(C. reticulata×P. trifoliata), MXT(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), Hongju(C. reticulata), Ziyang Xiangcheng(C. junos) and trifoliate orange(P. trifoliata)) were used as plant materials for comprehensive comparison of the performances on tree growth, fruit yield and quality in 21 scion–stock combinations. Investigation was carried out in these combinations in field nine years after planting. Vigorous growth of all the three late-ripening navel orange varieties was observed on Carrizo citrange with the largest canopy volume at 33.34 m3 and the highest yield at 29.43 kg per tree, but a low yield efficiency at 2.87 kg m–3. On the contrary, those on trifoliate orange had the smallest canopy volume at 10.79 m3 and the lowest fruit yield at 12.51 kg per tree, but the highest yield efficiency at 3.95 kg m–3. Rootstocks did not show significant effects on fruit size, fruit shape index, peel thickness and the edible rate of the fruits, but fruit quality was significantly affected by the rootstocks. Fruits from the trees grafted on trifoliate orange presented the best quality with significantly higher total soluble solids(TSS) content than those on Ziyang Xiangcheng and Hongju, and also the highest ratio of TSS/titratable acidity(TA). The TA content was observed from the fruits on X639 at 0.59 g 100 mL–1. Vitamin C(Vc) content of fruits on Hongju was the highest at 49.25 mg 100 mL–1. Growth vigor of the trees was positively correlated with fruit yield at an extremely significant level. The canopy volume was negatively correlated with yield efficiency, but positively correlated with compatibility index. Results of this study indicated that the rootstock has great impacts on the growth vigor of the tree, yield efficiency and quality of the fruit. In order to achieve good quality and yield efficiency for navel orange production, less growth vigor rootstock such as trifoliate orange is highly recommended.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the differences of genes and genome methylation between‘lane late’navel orange and it’s bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange,and to reveal the causes of bud sport.[Methods]Amplif...[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the differences of genes and genome methylation between‘lane late’navel orange and it’s bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange,and to reveal the causes of bud sport.[Methods]Amplification fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP)were used to analyze the differences in genes and genome methylation of‘lane late’navel orange and its bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange.[Results]Gene mutation occurred between the‘lane late’navel orange and its bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange.A total of 15 differential bands were obtained by AFLP markers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 6.0000%.Meantime,10 differential bands were obtained by MSAP markers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 5.4645%.The semimethylation rate and permethylation rate of‘lane late’navel orange were higher than that of pumpkin-like navel orange,that is,pumpkin-like navel orange had demethylation(demethylation ratio was 1.6393%).[Conclusions]It is proved at the DNA level that the emergence of bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange is due to gene mutation,and the DNA methylation level of the bud sport material has also changed.This study lays a foundation for further exploring the mechanism of bud sport.展开更多
Huanglongbing(HLB)is a disease that has devastated the Florida citrus industry,threatens the entire U.S.citrus industry,and globally is rapidly spreading.Florida’s citrus production is 90%sweet orange,which is quite ...Huanglongbing(HLB)is a disease that has devastated the Florida citrus industry,threatens the entire U.S.citrus industry,and globally is rapidly spreading.Florida’s citrus production is 90%sweet orange,which is quite sensitive to HLB.The heavy reliance on sweet orange for Florida citrus production makes the industry especially vulnerable to diseases that are damaging to this type of citrus.Furthermore,90%of Florida oranges are used in producing orange juice that is defined by a federal regulation known as the“orange juice standard”,specifying that at least 90%of“orange juice”must be derived from Citrus sinensis.Genomic analyses definitively reveal that sweet orange is not a true species,but just one of many introgression hybrids of C.reticulata and C.maxima,with phenotypic diversity resulting from accumulated mutations in this single hybrid,the“sweet orange”.No other fruit industry is limited by law to such a narrow genetic base.Fortunately,there are new citrus hybrids displaying reduced sensitivity to HLB,and in some cases they produce juice,alone or in blends,that consumers would recognize as“orange juice”.Reconsidering current regulations on orange juice standards may permit use of such hybrids in“orange juice”,providing greater latitude for commercialization of these hybrids,leading to higher-quality orange juice and a more sustainable Florida orange juice industry.展开更多
Oxidative damage,chronic hyperglycemia,and the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are important risk factors associated closely with diabetes and its complications.In the present study,the antidiabetic ...Oxidative damage,chronic hyperglycemia,and the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are important risk factors associated closely with diabetes and its complications.In the present study,the antidiabetic potential of navel orange peel was explored for the first time by evaluating the antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibition,and antiglycation activities of its extracts and individual flavonoids.In total,seventeen flavonoids were identified from the peel extract,of which 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone,didymin and sinensetin were the most potent antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibitor,and glycation inhibitor,respectively.In addition,the structure-activity relationship(SAR)studies of these flavonoids were performed in detail.Moreover,the most potent antidiabetic extract of navel orange peel was quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.The present results support the potent application of orange peel as a nutraceutical resource for diabetes management,and might be beneficial to the orange juice industry by providing useful information on the valorization of orange peel.展开更多
Head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(HNCSCC)remains underexplored compared to oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma,particularly in relation to human papillomavirus(HPV)and molecular markers such as p16 and...Head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(HNCSCC)remains underexplored compared to oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma,particularly in relation to human papillomavirus(HPV)and molecular markers such as p16 and p53.While p16 is a well-established surrogate for HPV in oropharyngeal cancer,our review highlights its unreliable role in HNCSCC,where positivity is instead associated with recurrence and metastasis.Similarly,p53 illustrates a dual role-wild-type as a genomic safeguard,mutated as an oncogenic driver-complicating prognostication.Methodological considerations,including the limitations of immunohistochemistry for HPV detection,underscore the need for multi-method and molecular validation in future studies.Ultraviolet radiation is posited as a key modifier of p16 function,decoupling expression from tumor suppression.To contextualize these findings,we draw parallels to glioblastoma(GBM),where subclonal evolution,p53 dysfunction,and intratumoral heterogeneity drive relapse despite aggressive multimodal therapies.GBM exemplifies how bulk-level biomarker generalizations often obscure dynamic cellular ecosystems,reinforcing the necessity of single-cell and spatial approaches.Multi-omics integration-encompassing genome,transcriptome,proteome,and tumor microenvironment mapping-coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics,offers a path forward for resolving subclonal dynamics in both HNCSCC and GBM.These technologies provide the resolution needed to track tumor-immunestromal co-evolution,identify therapy-resistant clones,and anticipate recurrence.We argue for a N-of-1,patient-and cell-centric paradigm that reframes biomarkers not as static surrogates but as dynamic readouts of cancer evolution across time and tissue contexts.Conceptually,we propose kinetic and microenvironmental frameworks(e.g.,“load-and-lock”barriers;dormancy and immunesynapse stabilization)as hypothesis-generating avenues to stall clonal handoffs and improve outcome prediction.Together,these perspectives argue for revised biomarker frameworks in HNCSCC and ethically inclusive,mechanism-anchored studies that bridge discovery with individualized care.By bridging insights from HNCSCC with the lessons of GBM,this review underscores the need for ethically inclusive,mechanistically informed frameworks that integrate subclonal evolution,biomarker re-interpretation,and precision-personalized hybrid models.Such an approach will be essential for advancing from one-size-fits-all strategies to individualized lifetime cancer care.展开更多
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with prostate cancer,particularly in ethnic minorities.Patients with prostate cancer may still be deficient even in areas of high sun exposure.Although androgen depr...BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with prostate cancer,particularly in ethnic minorities.Patients with prostate cancer may still be deficient even in areas of high sun exposure.Although androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)is well documented to affect bone health,its impact on vitamin D levels is still uncertain.This study investigates the subgroups of prostate cancer patients most associated with vitamin D deficiency and ADT’s relation to this.AIM To examine how prevalent vitamin D deficiency is among prostate cancer patients in a sun-rich environment,with focus on differences by race and disease stage.It also assessed whether ADT is associated with changes in vitamin D levels.METHODS Prostate cancer patients treated at Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center between 2014-2024 were retrospectively studied with regards to vitamin D levels across racial groups,disease stages,and ADT exposure.Changes in vitamin D levels pre-and post-ADT over 24 months were assessed by statistical methods including paired t-tests.RESULTS Among 120 patients(mean age:74 years,mean body mass index:27.6 kg/m^(2)),African American(33.3%)and Hispanic(31.8%)patients had the greatest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency(<20 ng/mL).With a 28.6%deficit rate,metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer had the highest prevalence rates of deficiency.There was no significant difference between pre-and post-ADT vitamin D levels(P=0.45).CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is common in prostate cancer patients,especially racial minorities and those with advanced disease,despite residing in an area with high sun exposure.ADT does not significantly impact vitamin D levels in the short term.Routine screening and supplementation should be considered in these high-risk groups.展开更多
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in the United States and mortality is on the rise.Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer represents a treatment challenge as historically there hav...Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in the United States and mortality is on the rise.Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer represents a treatment challenge as historically there have been limited therapeutic options for patients.In the last several years,multiple practice-changing clinical trials have led to significant improvements in the treatment landscape.This review will cover updates in the treatment and management of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer with a focus on novel therapeutics,such as anti-PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors,poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,antibody-drug conjugates,and hormonal therapy.展开更多
Background:With the increasing risk of nuclear exposure,more attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of acute radiation syndrome(ARS).Although amino acids are key nutrients involved in hematopoietic re...Background:With the increasing risk of nuclear exposure,more attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of acute radiation syndrome(ARS).Although amino acids are key nutrients involved in hematopoietic regulation,the impacts of amino acids on bone marrow hematopoiesis following irradiation and the associated mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.Hence,it is of paramount importance to study the changes in amino acid metabolism after irradiation and their effects on hematopoiesis as well as the related mechanisms.Methods:The content of serum amino acids was analyzed using metabolomic sequencing.The survival rate and body weight of the irradiated mice were detected after altering the methionine content in the diet.Extracellular matrix(ECM)protein analysis was performed via proteomics analysis.Inflammatory factors were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Flow cytometry,Western blotting,and immunofluorescence were employed to determine the mechanism by which S100 calcium-binding protein A4(S100A4)regulates macrophage polarization.Results:The survival time of irradiated mice was significantly associated with alterations in multiple amino acids,particularly methionine.A high methionine diet promoted irradiation tolerance,especially in the recovery of bone marrow hematopoiesis,yet with dose limitations.Folate metabolism could partially alleviate the dose bottleneck by reducing the accumulation of homocysteine.Mechanistically,high methionine levels maintained the abundance of ECM components,including collagens and glycoproteins,in the bone marrow post-irradiation,among which the level of S100A4 was significantly changed.S100A4 regulated macrophage polarization via the STAT3 pathway,inhibited bone marrow inflammation and facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.Conclusions:We have demonstrated that an appropriate elevation in dietary methionine enhances irradiation tolerance in mice and explains the mechanism by which methionine regulates bone marrow hematopoiesis after irradiation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Normothermic liver machine perfusion(NMP)is a novel technology used to preserve and evaluate the function of liver allografts.AIM To assess NMP utilization in liver transplant(LT)practices.METHODS All adult...BACKGROUND Normothermic liver machine perfusion(NMP)is a novel technology used to preserve and evaluate the function of liver allografts.AIM To assess NMP utilization in liver transplant(LT)practices.METHODS All adult deceased-donor LT recipients between January 2021 and September 2023 in the United States were analyzed.Outcomes including discard rates,survival,preservation time and timing of surgery were compared between two groups:NMP vs non-NMP.RESULTS Between 2021 and 2023,NMP was utilized in 1493(6.3%)of all LTs in the United States.Compared to non-NMP group,NMP group had lower allograft discard rate(6.5%vs 10%,P<0.001),older recipients’age(median:47 vs 42 years,P<0.001),and higher utilization of donors from donation after circulatory death(DCD)(55%vs 11%,P<0.001).NMP group also had longer distances between recipient and donor hospitals(median:156 vs 138 miles,P<0.001),longer preser-vation time(median:12.2 vs 5.8 hours,P<0.001),and more daytime reperfusion(74%vs 55%,P<0.001).Post-transplant survival outcomes were comparable between the two groups.In a subgroup analysis of NMP,recipients in the long preservation time(≥8 hours)group had higher daytime reperfusion(78%vs 55%,P<0.001)and similar post-transplant survival when compared to the short preservation time(<8 hours)group.CONCLUSION The utilization of NMP is associated with lower discard rates and increased DCD organs for LT.NMP allows for prolonging the preservation time and increased occurrence of daytime LT,without any impact on the survival outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Old donor allografts in liver transplantation(LT)account for 25%of all allografts,and their utilization is projected to increase with the aging general population.Older allografts are associated with higher...BACKGROUND Old donor allografts in liver transplantation(LT)account for 25%of all allografts,and their utilization is projected to increase with the aging general population.Older allografts are associated with higher rates of all-cause mortality and graft failure;however,there is limited literature exploring the specific phenotypic changes(e.g.,functional status,cause-specific mortality)observed in different donor:recipient age pairs.AIM To investigate differences in functional impairment and cause-specific mortality between different donor:recipient age pairs.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of LT patients from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients from 2002 to 2022.Donors were categorized into younger age donors,≤45-years(YAD),middle-aged donors,46-69-years(MAD),and older age donors,≥70-years(OAD).Recipients were categorized into younger age recipients,≤55-years(YAR)and older age recipients,>55-years(OAR)age recipients.Multivariate Fine-Gray competing risk and logistic regression analyses identified independent risk factors for cause-specific mortality and improvements in functional status,respectively.RESULTS Overall,126185 patients were included in the analysis:YAD:YAR(32.7%), YAD:OAR (25.2%), MAD:YAR (17.5%), MAD:OAR (20.7%), OAD:YAR (1.3%), and OAD:OAR (2.7%). Compared toYAD:YAR, OAD pairs had the lowest likelihoods of improved functional status 5 years post-LT (OAD:YAR oddsratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.42-0.67, P < 0.001;OAD:OAR odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.51-0.89, P = 0.006). Donor:recipient age pairs with older donors had higher rates of graft- and infection-relatedmortality compared to those with younger donors (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, donor:recipient age pairs with olderrecipients had higher cardioneurovascular- or malignancy-related deaths compared to those with youngerrecipients (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONDonor:recipient age mismatch was associated with differences in cause-specific mortality and functional status.These insights could potentially inform age-matched organ allocation strategies, though future work is warranted.展开更多
Objective To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and its constituents and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to examine the modificat...Objective To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and its constituents and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to examine the modification roles of overweight status.Methods This prospective study included 27,507 adults living in rural China.The annual mean residential exposure to PM_(2.5)and its constituents was estimated using a satellite-based statistical model.Cox models were used to estimate the risk of T2DM associated with PM_(2.5)and its constituents.Stratified analysis quantified the role of overweight status in the association between PM_(2.5)constituents and T2DM.Results Over a median follow-up of 9.4 years,3,001 new T2DM cases were identified.The hazard ratio(HR)for a 10μg/m^(3)increase in ambient PM_(2.5)was 1.30(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17,1.45).Among the constituents,the strongest association was observed with black carbon.Being overweight significantly modified the association between certain constituents and the risk of T2DM.Participants who were overweight and exposed to the highest quartile of PM_(2.5)constituents had the highest risk of T2DM(HR:2.46,95%CI:2.04,2.97).Conclusions Our findings indicate that PM_(2.5)was associated with an increased risk of T2DM,with black carbon potentially being the primary contributor.Being overweight appeared to enhance the association between PM_(2.5)and T2DM.This suggests that controlling both PM_(2.5)exposure and overweight status may reduce the burden of T2DM.展开更多
Introduction:Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate(HoLEP)is a size-independent,endoscopic management option for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).HoLEP offers a distinct advantage for patients who are at high-risk...Introduction:Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate(HoLEP)is a size-independent,endoscopic management option for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).HoLEP offers a distinct advantage for patients who are at high-risk for bleeding whilst preserving prostatic tissue for pathology analysis,unlike photoselective vaporization.Further,HoLEP avoids the need for cystotomy,unlike simple open and robotic prostatectomy,by using intravesical morcellation.We report our experience with the first 1000 HoLEP procedures at our institution.Materials and Methods:We performed a retrospective review of all HoLEP procedures performed at our institution from 2013–2021 to capture patient demographics,procedure details,and outcomes.Unpaired two sample ttestswere used to compare outcomes,p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results:The average patient age and BMI were 71.1 y(±8.1 y)and 27.9 kg/m^(2)(±4.9 kg/m^(2)),respectively.69.4%of patients were on an alpha blocker and 33.3%of patients were on a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor preoperatively.11.2%of cases were redo outlet procedures including after prior Urolift.Average prostate volume was 108.0 mL(±66.5 mL)and average enucleation time was 119.7 min(±56 min).On average,65 g(±53.2 g)prostate tissue was resected.Pre-operative and postoperative flow,post-void residual(PVR),AUAsymptom score(AUA-SS),and quality of life(QoL)score showed notable improvement.Complication rates remained low,with the most common including blood transfusion(2.8%),urethral stricture(1.9%),and persistent stress urinary incontinence(1.3%).Conclusions:HoLEP is emerging as the new surgical gold standard for BPH.A steep learning curve remains for urologists.Nonetheless,this procedure holds great promise in improving patient experiences with BPH.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an alarming rise in early-onset CRC(eoCRC)over the past several decades.Unlike late-onset CRC,the drivers behind eoC...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an alarming rise in early-onset CRC(eoCRC)over the past several decades.Unlike late-onset CRC,the drivers behind eoCRC remain less clear.While certain risk factors such as obesity and smoking have demonstrated a relatively strong association with eoCRC in the literature,some studies have challenged these associations,emphasizing the need for additional studies.METHODS This cross-sectional study used de-identified data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1999-2023),including 30321 United States adults aged 18 to 49 years.Participants with missing key variables were excluded.Standardized protocols were used to collect demographic,lifestyle,anthropo-metric[body mass index(BMI),body roundness index(BRI),waist circumference(WC)],and self-reported CRC data.Logistic regression and propensity score matching assessed associations between obesity-related parameters and eoCRC.Statistical analyses were performed in R and Stata,with P<0.05 defined as significant.RESULTS Of 30321 participants,48 received a diagnosis of eoCRC.Patients with eoCRC were older(mean age 39.96 years vs 34.36 years;P<0.001)and had higher WC and BRI.None of the eoCRC patients were heavy drinkers(P=0.006).Unadjusted models demonstrated significant associations of eoCRC with BRI quartiles,as well as BMI-defined obesity,WC,and smoking.In unadjusted models,BRI remained the strongest independent predictor;those in the highest BRI quartiles had over 10-fold greater odds of eoCRC.In fully adjusted models,BRI remained significant,but BMI-and waist-based obesity were not.CONCLUSION BRI is a stronger predictor of eoCRC risk compared to other obesity indices and is a superior tool for identifying young individuals at higher risk of CRC.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield...Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield decline,yet Mg defciency in citrus receives little attention.A two-year feld experiment was therefore conducted to quantify soil Mg leaching in a typical citrus orchard in China fertilized with varying levels of Mg(Mg0,no Mg fertilizer;Mg45,45 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg90,90 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg180,180 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Results showed that Mg application signifcantly increased citrus fruit yield by 4.1-16.4%compared with where MgO was not added.The average amount of soil Mg leaching was 65.7 kg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where no Mg fertilizer was added,while it reached up to 91.3 kg Mg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where MgO was added at the rate of 180 kg ha^(-1).Over the 4 treatments,Mg leaching accounted for 12.1-42.4%of the applied Mg fertilizer.Mg leaching and its removal through harvested fruits resulted in an orchard soil Mg balance of-69.9,-51.1,-27.4 and 10.9 kg ha^(-1)in the Mg0,Mg45,Mg90and Mg180,treatments,respectively.The pH values of leachate from the acid soil were alkaline and it contained higher amounts of calcium and potassium than that of Mg.Considering the high leaching of Mg from the acid soils of citrus orchards,applications of Mg fertilizer or Mg-fortifed soil conditioner are vital to sustain soil Mg balance,high fruit yield and fruit quality in citrus production systems in humid subtropical regions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Both tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)are the first-line treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We have showed switching from TDF to TAF for 96 weeks resulted in further alan...BACKGROUND Both tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)are the first-line treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We have showed switching from TDF to TAF for 96 weeks resulted in further alanine aminotransferase(ALT)improvement,but data remain lacking on the long-term benefits of TDF switching to TAF on hepatic fibrosis.AIM To assess the benefits of TDF switching to TAF for 3 years on ALT,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and hepatic fibrosis improvement in patients with CHB.METHODS A single center retrospective study on 53 patients with CHB who were initially treated with TDF,then switched to TAF to determine dynamic patterns of ALT,AST,AST to platelet ratio index(APRI),fibrosis-4(FIB-4)scores,and shear wave elastography(SWE)reading improvement at switching week 144,and the associated factors.RESULTS The mean age was 55(28-80);45.3%,males;15.1%,clinical cirrhosis;mean baseline ALT,24.8;AST,25.7 U/L;APRI,0.37;and FIB-4,1.66.After 144 weeks TDF switching to TAF,mean ALT and AST were reduced to 19.7 and 21,respectively.From baseline to switching week 144,the rates of ALT and AST<35(male)/25(female)and<30(male)/19(female)were persistently increased;hepatic fibrosis was also improved by APRI<0.5,from 79.2%to 96.2%;FIB-4<1.45,from 52.8%to 58.5%,respectively;mean APRI was reduced to 0.27;FIB-4,to 1.38;and mean SWE reading,from 7.05 to 6.30 kPa after a mean of 109 weeks switching.The renal function was stable and the frequency of patients with glomerular filtration rate>60 mL/min was increased from 86.5%at baseline to 88.2%at switching week 144.CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that switching from TDF to TAF for 3 years results in not only persistent ALT/AST improvement,but also hepatic fibrosis improvement by APRI,FIB-4 scores,as well as SWE reading,the important clinical benefits of long-term hepatitis B virus antiviral treatment with TAF.展开更多
Asian citrus psyllid(ACP,Diaphorina citri)is the major vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas),which is a bacterial pathogen causing the devastating citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)disease.Diaphorina citri is known...Asian citrus psyllid(ACP,Diaphorina citri)is the major vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas),which is a bacterial pathogen causing the devastating citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)disease.Diaphorina citri is known to carry CLas in a persistent and propagative manner.Some studies have suggested that CLas may use the vesicular structures of D.citri cells as its propagation organelles.However,the mechanisms by which CLas enters the D.citri cells and how vesicle-mediated trafficking is involved remain unclear.In this study,we monitored the titer change of CLas in D.citri nymphs during the process of CLas acquisition from feeding on infected citrus plants.We found that the titer of CLas increased with the acquisition access period.After infection,there was a significant upregulation in the expression of several vesicular transport-related genes in D.citri.The titer of CLas was significantly reduced in the midgut and whole insect body when endocytosis and the endosome network in D.citri were inhibited.Furthermore,silencing the D.citri clathrin-heavy chain gene also led to a reduction in the CLas titer in D.citri.These results suggest that CLas infection upregulates the genes related to vesicular transport in D.citri,which facilitates the invasion of endocytosis-dependent pathogens.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860091)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(20171BCB24011)+1 种基金the Open Foundation of National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orangethe Research Foundation of Ganzhou,Jiangxi,China(2017179 and 201960)。
文摘The present study investigates the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of juice from the Gannan navel orange, which is harvested at one-to two-week intervals during the ripening period. The total soluble solid(TSS), total polyphenol content(TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC), sucrose and hesperidin contents gradually increase with the ripening of the fruit, followed by slight declines at the late maturity stage. Contrary to these observations, the contents of titratable acid(TA), vitamin C(Vc), and limonin trend downward throughout the ripening period. However, the contents of fructose, glucose, and narirutin fluctuate throughout the harvest time. Three in vitro antioxidant assays consistently indicate that the harvest time exerts no significant influence(P>0.01) on the antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, principal component analysis(PCA) and Pearson’s correlation test are performed to provide an overview of the complete dataset.This study provides valuable information for evaluating the fruit quality and determining when to harvest the fruit in order to meet the preferences of consumers. Meanwhile, our observations suggest that the fruits subjected to juice processing should be harvested at the late maturity stage to alleviate the "delayed bitterness" problem without compromising the antioxidant capacity and the flavonoid content in the juice.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD1000101 and2018YFD0201503)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-26)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(XDJK2016B024)the National Citrus Engineering Research Center,China (NCERC)the earmarked fund for Chongqing Special&Economic Agriculture Research System on Late Maturation Citrus,Chinathe Basic Research and Frontier Exploration Projects in Chongqing,China(cstc2018jcyjAX0400)。
文摘Selection of rootstock is very important for citrus production. Besides its major role on resistance, the rootstock also can affect fruit production and quality. Currently, the main concerns on selection of rootstock for citrus production are compatibility and resistance, due to less information on the impacts of rootstock to the performance of scion varieties. This study aims to provide information on performances of navel orange varieties on different rootstocks. Three late-ripening navel orange varieties(Citrus sinensis var. Powell, Chislett and Banfield) grafted on seven rootstocks(Swingle citrumelo(C. paradisi× P. trifoliata), Carrizo citrange(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), X639(C. reticulata×P. trifoliata), MXT(C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), Hongju(C. reticulata), Ziyang Xiangcheng(C. junos) and trifoliate orange(P. trifoliata)) were used as plant materials for comprehensive comparison of the performances on tree growth, fruit yield and quality in 21 scion–stock combinations. Investigation was carried out in these combinations in field nine years after planting. Vigorous growth of all the three late-ripening navel orange varieties was observed on Carrizo citrange with the largest canopy volume at 33.34 m3 and the highest yield at 29.43 kg per tree, but a low yield efficiency at 2.87 kg m–3. On the contrary, those on trifoliate orange had the smallest canopy volume at 10.79 m3 and the lowest fruit yield at 12.51 kg per tree, but the highest yield efficiency at 3.95 kg m–3. Rootstocks did not show significant effects on fruit size, fruit shape index, peel thickness and the edible rate of the fruits, but fruit quality was significantly affected by the rootstocks. Fruits from the trees grafted on trifoliate orange presented the best quality with significantly higher total soluble solids(TSS) content than those on Ziyang Xiangcheng and Hongju, and also the highest ratio of TSS/titratable acidity(TA). The TA content was observed from the fruits on X639 at 0.59 g 100 mL–1. Vitamin C(Vc) content of fruits on Hongju was the highest at 49.25 mg 100 mL–1. Growth vigor of the trees was positively correlated with fruit yield at an extremely significant level. The canopy volume was negatively correlated with yield efficiency, but positively correlated with compatibility index. Results of this study indicated that the rootstock has great impacts on the growth vigor of the tree, yield efficiency and quality of the fruit. In order to achieve good quality and yield efficiency for navel orange production, less growth vigor rootstock such as trifoliate orange is highly recommended.
基金Supported by Open Project Foundation of National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center(2019-03)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20212ACB205001)。
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to analyze the differences of genes and genome methylation between‘lane late’navel orange and it’s bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange,and to reveal the causes of bud sport.[Methods]Amplification fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP)were used to analyze the differences in genes and genome methylation of‘lane late’navel orange and its bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange.[Results]Gene mutation occurred between the‘lane late’navel orange and its bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange.A total of 15 differential bands were obtained by AFLP markers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 6.0000%.Meantime,10 differential bands were obtained by MSAP markers,and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 5.4645%.The semimethylation rate and permethylation rate of‘lane late’navel orange were higher than that of pumpkin-like navel orange,that is,pumpkin-like navel orange had demethylation(demethylation ratio was 1.6393%).[Conclusions]It is proved at the DNA level that the emergence of bud sport pumpkin-like navel orange is due to gene mutation,and the DNA methylation level of the bud sport material has also changed.This study lays a foundation for further exploring the mechanism of bud sport.
文摘Huanglongbing(HLB)is a disease that has devastated the Florida citrus industry,threatens the entire U.S.citrus industry,and globally is rapidly spreading.Florida’s citrus production is 90%sweet orange,which is quite sensitive to HLB.The heavy reliance on sweet orange for Florida citrus production makes the industry especially vulnerable to diseases that are damaging to this type of citrus.Furthermore,90%of Florida oranges are used in producing orange juice that is defined by a federal regulation known as the“orange juice standard”,specifying that at least 90%of“orange juice”must be derived from Citrus sinensis.Genomic analyses definitively reveal that sweet orange is not a true species,but just one of many introgression hybrids of C.reticulata and C.maxima,with phenotypic diversity resulting from accumulated mutations in this single hybrid,the“sweet orange”.No other fruit industry is limited by law to such a narrow genetic base.Fortunately,there are new citrus hybrids displaying reduced sensitivity to HLB,and in some cases they produce juice,alone or in blends,that consumers would recognize as“orange juice”.Reconsidering current regulations on orange juice standards may permit use of such hybrids in“orange juice”,providing greater latitude for commercialization of these hybrids,leading to higher-quality orange juice and a more sustainable Florida orange juice industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31860091)the Key Research Project of Jiangxi Province(No.20203BBF63028)+1 种基金the“Double Thousand Talents Plan”of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019102029)the Foundation of Science and Technology Bureau of Ganzhou(Nos.202101124704,202060).
文摘Oxidative damage,chronic hyperglycemia,and the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are important risk factors associated closely with diabetes and its complications.In the present study,the antidiabetic potential of navel orange peel was explored for the first time by evaluating the antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibition,and antiglycation activities of its extracts and individual flavonoids.In total,seventeen flavonoids were identified from the peel extract,of which 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone,didymin and sinensetin were the most potent antioxidant,α-glucosidase inhibitor,and glycation inhibitor,respectively.In addition,the structure-activity relationship(SAR)studies of these flavonoids were performed in detail.Moreover,the most potent antidiabetic extract of navel orange peel was quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.The present results support the potent application of orange peel as a nutraceutical resource for diabetes management,and might be beneficial to the orange juice industry by providing useful information on the valorization of orange peel.
文摘Head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(HNCSCC)remains underexplored compared to oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma,particularly in relation to human papillomavirus(HPV)and molecular markers such as p16 and p53.While p16 is a well-established surrogate for HPV in oropharyngeal cancer,our review highlights its unreliable role in HNCSCC,where positivity is instead associated with recurrence and metastasis.Similarly,p53 illustrates a dual role-wild-type as a genomic safeguard,mutated as an oncogenic driver-complicating prognostication.Methodological considerations,including the limitations of immunohistochemistry for HPV detection,underscore the need for multi-method and molecular validation in future studies.Ultraviolet radiation is posited as a key modifier of p16 function,decoupling expression from tumor suppression.To contextualize these findings,we draw parallels to glioblastoma(GBM),where subclonal evolution,p53 dysfunction,and intratumoral heterogeneity drive relapse despite aggressive multimodal therapies.GBM exemplifies how bulk-level biomarker generalizations often obscure dynamic cellular ecosystems,reinforcing the necessity of single-cell and spatial approaches.Multi-omics integration-encompassing genome,transcriptome,proteome,and tumor microenvironment mapping-coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics,offers a path forward for resolving subclonal dynamics in both HNCSCC and GBM.These technologies provide the resolution needed to track tumor-immunestromal co-evolution,identify therapy-resistant clones,and anticipate recurrence.We argue for a N-of-1,patient-and cell-centric paradigm that reframes biomarkers not as static surrogates but as dynamic readouts of cancer evolution across time and tissue contexts.Conceptually,we propose kinetic and microenvironmental frameworks(e.g.,“load-and-lock”barriers;dormancy and immunesynapse stabilization)as hypothesis-generating avenues to stall clonal handoffs and improve outcome prediction.Together,these perspectives argue for revised biomarker frameworks in HNCSCC and ethically inclusive,mechanism-anchored studies that bridge discovery with individualized care.By bridging insights from HNCSCC with the lessons of GBM,this review underscores the need for ethically inclusive,mechanistically informed frameworks that integrate subclonal evolution,biomarker re-interpretation,and precision-personalized hybrid models.Such an approach will be essential for advancing from one-size-fits-all strategies to individualized lifetime cancer care.
文摘BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with prostate cancer,particularly in ethnic minorities.Patients with prostate cancer may still be deficient even in areas of high sun exposure.Although androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)is well documented to affect bone health,its impact on vitamin D levels is still uncertain.This study investigates the subgroups of prostate cancer patients most associated with vitamin D deficiency and ADT’s relation to this.AIM To examine how prevalent vitamin D deficiency is among prostate cancer patients in a sun-rich environment,with focus on differences by race and disease stage.It also assessed whether ADT is associated with changes in vitamin D levels.METHODS Prostate cancer patients treated at Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center between 2014-2024 were retrospectively studied with regards to vitamin D levels across racial groups,disease stages,and ADT exposure.Changes in vitamin D levels pre-and post-ADT over 24 months were assessed by statistical methods including paired t-tests.RESULTS Among 120 patients(mean age:74 years,mean body mass index:27.6 kg/m^(2)),African American(33.3%)and Hispanic(31.8%)patients had the greatest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency(<20 ng/mL).With a 28.6%deficit rate,metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer had the highest prevalence rates of deficiency.There was no significant difference between pre-and post-ADT vitamin D levels(P=0.45).CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency is common in prostate cancer patients,especially racial minorities and those with advanced disease,despite residing in an area with high sun exposure.ADT does not significantly impact vitamin D levels in the short term.Routine screening and supplementation should be considered in these high-risk groups.
文摘Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer diagnosed in the United States and mortality is on the rise.Advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer represents a treatment challenge as historically there have been limited therapeutic options for patients.In the last several years,multiple practice-changing clinical trials have led to significant improvements in the treatment landscape.This review will cover updates in the treatment and management of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer with a focus on novel therapeutics,such as anti-PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors,poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,antibody-drug conjugates,and hormonal therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82020108025,82022061)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(cstc2021jcyj-jqX0004,cstb2022nscq-msx0179)the Clinical Research Funding of the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical(2023XKRC008,2022YQB010).
文摘Background:With the increasing risk of nuclear exposure,more attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of acute radiation syndrome(ARS).Although amino acids are key nutrients involved in hematopoietic regulation,the impacts of amino acids on bone marrow hematopoiesis following irradiation and the associated mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.Hence,it is of paramount importance to study the changes in amino acid metabolism after irradiation and their effects on hematopoiesis as well as the related mechanisms.Methods:The content of serum amino acids was analyzed using metabolomic sequencing.The survival rate and body weight of the irradiated mice were detected after altering the methionine content in the diet.Extracellular matrix(ECM)protein analysis was performed via proteomics analysis.Inflammatory factors were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Flow cytometry,Western blotting,and immunofluorescence were employed to determine the mechanism by which S100 calcium-binding protein A4(S100A4)regulates macrophage polarization.Results:The survival time of irradiated mice was significantly associated with alterations in multiple amino acids,particularly methionine.A high methionine diet promoted irradiation tolerance,especially in the recovery of bone marrow hematopoiesis,yet with dose limitations.Folate metabolism could partially alleviate the dose bottleneck by reducing the accumulation of homocysteine.Mechanistically,high methionine levels maintained the abundance of ECM components,including collagens and glycoproteins,in the bone marrow post-irradiation,among which the level of S100A4 was significantly changed.S100A4 regulated macrophage polarization via the STAT3 pathway,inhibited bone marrow inflammation and facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.Conclusions:We have demonstrated that an appropriate elevation in dietary methionine enhances irradiation tolerance in mice and explains the mechanism by which methionine regulates bone marrow hematopoiesis after irradiation.
文摘BACKGROUND Normothermic liver machine perfusion(NMP)is a novel technology used to preserve and evaluate the function of liver allografts.AIM To assess NMP utilization in liver transplant(LT)practices.METHODS All adult deceased-donor LT recipients between January 2021 and September 2023 in the United States were analyzed.Outcomes including discard rates,survival,preservation time and timing of surgery were compared between two groups:NMP vs non-NMP.RESULTS Between 2021 and 2023,NMP was utilized in 1493(6.3%)of all LTs in the United States.Compared to non-NMP group,NMP group had lower allograft discard rate(6.5%vs 10%,P<0.001),older recipients’age(median:47 vs 42 years,P<0.001),and higher utilization of donors from donation after circulatory death(DCD)(55%vs 11%,P<0.001).NMP group also had longer distances between recipient and donor hospitals(median:156 vs 138 miles,P<0.001),longer preser-vation time(median:12.2 vs 5.8 hours,P<0.001),and more daytime reperfusion(74%vs 55%,P<0.001).Post-transplant survival outcomes were comparable between the two groups.In a subgroup analysis of NMP,recipients in the long preservation time(≥8 hours)group had higher daytime reperfusion(78%vs 55%,P<0.001)and similar post-transplant survival when compared to the short preservation time(<8 hours)group.CONCLUSION The utilization of NMP is associated with lower discard rates and increased DCD organs for LT.NMP allows for prolonging the preservation time and increased occurrence of daytime LT,without any impact on the survival outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND Old donor allografts in liver transplantation(LT)account for 25%of all allografts,and their utilization is projected to increase with the aging general population.Older allografts are associated with higher rates of all-cause mortality and graft failure;however,there is limited literature exploring the specific phenotypic changes(e.g.,functional status,cause-specific mortality)observed in different donor:recipient age pairs.AIM To investigate differences in functional impairment and cause-specific mortality between different donor:recipient age pairs.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of LT patients from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients from 2002 to 2022.Donors were categorized into younger age donors,≤45-years(YAD),middle-aged donors,46-69-years(MAD),and older age donors,≥70-years(OAD).Recipients were categorized into younger age recipients,≤55-years(YAR)and older age recipients,>55-years(OAR)age recipients.Multivariate Fine-Gray competing risk and logistic regression analyses identified independent risk factors for cause-specific mortality and improvements in functional status,respectively.RESULTS Overall,126185 patients were included in the analysis:YAD:YAR(32.7%), YAD:OAR (25.2%), MAD:YAR (17.5%), MAD:OAR (20.7%), OAD:YAR (1.3%), and OAD:OAR (2.7%). Compared toYAD:YAR, OAD pairs had the lowest likelihoods of improved functional status 5 years post-LT (OAD:YAR oddsratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.42-0.67, P < 0.001;OAD:OAR odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.51-0.89, P = 0.006). Donor:recipient age pairs with older donors had higher rates of graft- and infection-relatedmortality compared to those with younger donors (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, donor:recipient age pairs with olderrecipients had higher cardioneurovascular- or malignancy-related deaths compared to those with youngerrecipients (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONDonor:recipient age mismatch was associated with differences in cause-specific mortality and functional status.These insights could potentially inform age-matched organ allocation strategies, though future work is warranted.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(82173600)Shanghai Leading Academic Project of Public Health,China(GWVI-8).
文摘Objective To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and its constituents and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to examine the modification roles of overweight status.Methods This prospective study included 27,507 adults living in rural China.The annual mean residential exposure to PM_(2.5)and its constituents was estimated using a satellite-based statistical model.Cox models were used to estimate the risk of T2DM associated with PM_(2.5)and its constituents.Stratified analysis quantified the role of overweight status in the association between PM_(2.5)constituents and T2DM.Results Over a median follow-up of 9.4 years,3,001 new T2DM cases were identified.The hazard ratio(HR)for a 10μg/m^(3)increase in ambient PM_(2.5)was 1.30(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17,1.45).Among the constituents,the strongest association was observed with black carbon.Being overweight significantly modified the association between certain constituents and the risk of T2DM.Participants who were overweight and exposed to the highest quartile of PM_(2.5)constituents had the highest risk of T2DM(HR:2.46,95%CI:2.04,2.97).Conclusions Our findings indicate that PM_(2.5)was associated with an increased risk of T2DM,with black carbon potentially being the primary contributor.Being overweight appeared to enhance the association between PM_(2.5)and T2DM.This suggests that controlling both PM_(2.5)exposure and overweight status may reduce the burden of T2DM.
文摘Introduction:Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate(HoLEP)is a size-independent,endoscopic management option for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).HoLEP offers a distinct advantage for patients who are at high-risk for bleeding whilst preserving prostatic tissue for pathology analysis,unlike photoselective vaporization.Further,HoLEP avoids the need for cystotomy,unlike simple open and robotic prostatectomy,by using intravesical morcellation.We report our experience with the first 1000 HoLEP procedures at our institution.Materials and Methods:We performed a retrospective review of all HoLEP procedures performed at our institution from 2013–2021 to capture patient demographics,procedure details,and outcomes.Unpaired two sample ttestswere used to compare outcomes,p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results:The average patient age and BMI were 71.1 y(±8.1 y)and 27.9 kg/m^(2)(±4.9 kg/m^(2)),respectively.69.4%of patients were on an alpha blocker and 33.3%of patients were on a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor preoperatively.11.2%of cases were redo outlet procedures including after prior Urolift.Average prostate volume was 108.0 mL(±66.5 mL)and average enucleation time was 119.7 min(±56 min).On average,65 g(±53.2 g)prostate tissue was resected.Pre-operative and postoperative flow,post-void residual(PVR),AUAsymptom score(AUA-SS),and quality of life(QoL)score showed notable improvement.Complication rates remained low,with the most common including blood transfusion(2.8%),urethral stricture(1.9%),and persistent stress urinary incontinence(1.3%).Conclusions:HoLEP is emerging as the new surgical gold standard for BPH.A steep learning curve remains for urologists.Nonetheless,this procedure holds great promise in improving patient experiences with BPH.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an alarming rise in early-onset CRC(eoCRC)over the past several decades.Unlike late-onset CRC,the drivers behind eoCRC remain less clear.While certain risk factors such as obesity and smoking have demonstrated a relatively strong association with eoCRC in the literature,some studies have challenged these associations,emphasizing the need for additional studies.METHODS This cross-sectional study used de-identified data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1999-2023),including 30321 United States adults aged 18 to 49 years.Participants with missing key variables were excluded.Standardized protocols were used to collect demographic,lifestyle,anthropo-metric[body mass index(BMI),body roundness index(BRI),waist circumference(WC)],and self-reported CRC data.Logistic regression and propensity score matching assessed associations between obesity-related parameters and eoCRC.Statistical analyses were performed in R and Stata,with P<0.05 defined as significant.RESULTS Of 30321 participants,48 received a diagnosis of eoCRC.Patients with eoCRC were older(mean age 39.96 years vs 34.36 years;P<0.001)and had higher WC and BRI.None of the eoCRC patients were heavy drinkers(P=0.006).Unadjusted models demonstrated significant associations of eoCRC with BRI quartiles,as well as BMI-defined obesity,WC,and smoking.In unadjusted models,BRI remained the strongest independent predictor;those in the highest BRI quartiles had over 10-fold greater odds of eoCRC.In fully adjusted models,BRI remained significant,but BMI-and waist-based obesity were not.CONCLUSION BRI is a stronger predictor of eoCRC risk compared to other obesity indices and is a superior tool for identifying young individuals at higher risk of CRC.
基金supported by the International Magnesium Institute,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172676)+2 种基金the Danling Science&Technology Backyard Project,China(F2024236)the Dalian Xinmei Project,China(MY01-2023-2025-02)the Sichuan Province Regional Innovation Cooperation Project,China(22QYCX0073)。
文摘Magnesium(Mg)defciency is becoming a limiting factor for citrus production in acid soils of subtropical and tropical zones.It is speculated that soil Mg leaching and thereby its imbalance may be a major cause of yield decline,yet Mg defciency in citrus receives little attention.A two-year feld experiment was therefore conducted to quantify soil Mg leaching in a typical citrus orchard in China fertilized with varying levels of Mg(Mg0,no Mg fertilizer;Mg45,45 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg90,90 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1);Mg180,180 kg MgO ha^(-1)yr^(-1)).Results showed that Mg application signifcantly increased citrus fruit yield by 4.1-16.4%compared with where MgO was not added.The average amount of soil Mg leaching was 65.7 kg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where no Mg fertilizer was added,while it reached up to 91.3 kg Mg ha^(-1)yr^(-1)where MgO was added at the rate of 180 kg ha^(-1).Over the 4 treatments,Mg leaching accounted for 12.1-42.4%of the applied Mg fertilizer.Mg leaching and its removal through harvested fruits resulted in an orchard soil Mg balance of-69.9,-51.1,-27.4 and 10.9 kg ha^(-1)in the Mg0,Mg45,Mg90and Mg180,treatments,respectively.The pH values of leachate from the acid soil were alkaline and it contained higher amounts of calcium and potassium than that of Mg.Considering the high leaching of Mg from the acid soils of citrus orchards,applications of Mg fertilizer or Mg-fortifed soil conditioner are vital to sustain soil Mg balance,high fruit yield and fruit quality in citrus production systems in humid subtropical regions.
文摘BACKGROUND Both tenofovir alafenamide(TAF)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)are the first-line treatments for chronic hepatitis B(CHB).We have showed switching from TDF to TAF for 96 weeks resulted in further alanine aminotransferase(ALT)improvement,but data remain lacking on the long-term benefits of TDF switching to TAF on hepatic fibrosis.AIM To assess the benefits of TDF switching to TAF for 3 years on ALT,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and hepatic fibrosis improvement in patients with CHB.METHODS A single center retrospective study on 53 patients with CHB who were initially treated with TDF,then switched to TAF to determine dynamic patterns of ALT,AST,AST to platelet ratio index(APRI),fibrosis-4(FIB-4)scores,and shear wave elastography(SWE)reading improvement at switching week 144,and the associated factors.RESULTS The mean age was 55(28-80);45.3%,males;15.1%,clinical cirrhosis;mean baseline ALT,24.8;AST,25.7 U/L;APRI,0.37;and FIB-4,1.66.After 144 weeks TDF switching to TAF,mean ALT and AST were reduced to 19.7 and 21,respectively.From baseline to switching week 144,the rates of ALT and AST<35(male)/25(female)and<30(male)/19(female)were persistently increased;hepatic fibrosis was also improved by APRI<0.5,from 79.2%to 96.2%;FIB-4<1.45,from 52.8%to 58.5%,respectively;mean APRI was reduced to 0.27;FIB-4,to 1.38;and mean SWE reading,from 7.05 to 6.30 kPa after a mean of 109 weeks switching.The renal function was stable and the frequency of patients with glomerular filtration rate>60 mL/min was increased from 86.5%at baseline to 88.2%at switching week 144.CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that switching from TDF to TAF for 3 years results in not only persistent ALT/AST improvement,but also hepatic fibrosis improvement by APRI,FIB-4 scores,as well as SWE reading,the important clinical benefits of long-term hepatitis B virus antiviral treatment with TAF.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A0196 and 32160625)+2 种基金the Innovation Research 2035 Pilot Plan of Southwest University,China(SWU-5331000008)the Special Fund for Youth Team of Southwest University,China(SWUXJLJ202310)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Province,China(20225BCJ22005)。
文摘Asian citrus psyllid(ACP,Diaphorina citri)is the major vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas),which is a bacterial pathogen causing the devastating citrus Huanglongbing(HLB)disease.Diaphorina citri is known to carry CLas in a persistent and propagative manner.Some studies have suggested that CLas may use the vesicular structures of D.citri cells as its propagation organelles.However,the mechanisms by which CLas enters the D.citri cells and how vesicle-mediated trafficking is involved remain unclear.In this study,we monitored the titer change of CLas in D.citri nymphs during the process of CLas acquisition from feeding on infected citrus plants.We found that the titer of CLas increased with the acquisition access period.After infection,there was a significant upregulation in the expression of several vesicular transport-related genes in D.citri.The titer of CLas was significantly reduced in the midgut and whole insect body when endocytosis and the endosome network in D.citri were inhibited.Furthermore,silencing the D.citri clathrin-heavy chain gene also led to a reduction in the CLas titer in D.citri.These results suggest that CLas infection upregulates the genes related to vesicular transport in D.citri,which facilitates the invasion of endocytosis-dependent pathogens.
