GLOBAL CONTEXT OF CHIKUNGUNYA As of August 12,2025,Guangdong province has reported over 10,000 confirmed chikungunya cases within just one month,with most cases concentrated in Foshan city.This rapid and unexpected re...GLOBAL CONTEXT OF CHIKUNGUNYA As of August 12,2025,Guangdong province has reported over 10,000 confirmed chikungunya cases within just one month,with most cases concentrated in Foshan city.This rapid and unexpected resurgence has drawn significant attention from health authorities both within China and internationally,raising substantial public health concerns.展开更多
The discovery of the hazardous effects associated with the polymer additives 1,3-diphenyl guanidine(DPG)and 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine(DTG)has prompted the need for biomonitoring studies to detect human exposure.However,...The discovery of the hazardous effects associated with the polymer additives 1,3-diphenyl guanidine(DPG)and 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine(DTG)has prompted the need for biomonitoring studies to detect human exposure.However,limited information is available about their metabolism.To address this gap,this study investigates the Phase I and II in-vitro biotransformation of both chemicals using human liver microsomes and cytosol.The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution-(tandem)mass spectrometry through suspect(of in-silico predicted metabolites)and nontarget screening.The analysis revealed four Phase I and two Phase II metabolic products for both DPG and DTG.Hydroxylation of the benzene ring led to the tentative identification of mono-and dihydroxylated metabolites.Subsequent Phase I deamination followed by oxidation resulted in the formation of hydroxy-phenylurea and an intramolecular cyclization resulted in the formation of hydroxycyclic products.Furthermore,N-glucuronidation and O-glucuronidation products were identified for the first time.After performing urinalysis,DPG and DTG could be quantified in the 0.020.23μg L^(−1) range,and DPG-227(mono-hydroxylated DPG)was estimated to be present at ca.0.010.10μg L^(−1) range,using DPG response as quantification surrogate.Finally,toxicity assessment using an in-silico tool indicated the need to consider these human metabolites in(eco)toxicological assessments,as they may have the same or even greater effects on humans and the environment.展开更多
Invasive raccoons(Procyon lotor)naturalized in Hokkaido,Japan,potentially spreading infectious diseases.Canine distemper virus infection is a serious epizootic disease,for which the raccoon is one of the hosts.We inve...Invasive raccoons(Procyon lotor)naturalized in Hokkaido,Japan,potentially spreading infectious diseases.Canine distemper virus infection is a serious epizootic disease,for which the raccoon is one of the hosts.We investigated the virus’s prevalence in Hokkaido’s wild raccoons,using 611 serum samples collected from captured raccoons in 2007–2012,2021,and 2022.Higher seropositivity rateswere confirmed in 2007(32.7%),2021(46.4%),and 2022(46.8%)than in 2008–2012(0.00%–6.06%),suggesting the occurrence of an epidemic in 2007,2021,and 2022 and its disappearance in 2008–2012.However,the infection status has recently changed,with high seropositivity rates consecutively confirmed in 2021 and 2022.Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationships among the catch per unit effort(an index of animal population density),host and environmental factors,and antibody status.The catch per unit effort correlated with seropositivity in 2007.As for environmental factors,the forest area ratio had a weak influence on seroprevalence in 2007;however,the residential area ratio had a clear influence on seroprevalence in 2021 and 2022.The epidemic occurred in forested areas in 2007;nonetheless,recent raccoon population growth and habitat expansionmay have caused widespread infections even around residential areas in 2021 and 2022.Continuous monitoring of the infection and reinforcement of raccoon control programs are necessary to avoid serious damage through disease transmission to sympatric native raccoon dog(Nyctereutes procyonoides)and fox(Vulpes vulpes)populations,as well as health consequences for domestic dogs(Canis familiaris).展开更多
文摘GLOBAL CONTEXT OF CHIKUNGUNYA As of August 12,2025,Guangdong province has reported over 10,000 confirmed chikungunya cases within just one month,with most cases concentrated in Foshan city.This rapid and unexpected resurgence has drawn significant attention from health authorities both within China and internationally,raising substantial public health concerns.
基金funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033(PID2020-117686RB-C32,CNS2024-154426 and TED2021-129200B-C41(co)funded by the EU through NextGeneration EU/PRTR funds)Conselleria de Cultura de Galicia,Educacion e Universidades(ED481A-2020/258,ED431C-2025/21and ED481B-2025/042).
文摘The discovery of the hazardous effects associated with the polymer additives 1,3-diphenyl guanidine(DPG)and 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine(DTG)has prompted the need for biomonitoring studies to detect human exposure.However,limited information is available about their metabolism.To address this gap,this study investigates the Phase I and II in-vitro biotransformation of both chemicals using human liver microsomes and cytosol.The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution-(tandem)mass spectrometry through suspect(of in-silico predicted metabolites)and nontarget screening.The analysis revealed four Phase I and two Phase II metabolic products for both DPG and DTG.Hydroxylation of the benzene ring led to the tentative identification of mono-and dihydroxylated metabolites.Subsequent Phase I deamination followed by oxidation resulted in the formation of hydroxy-phenylurea and an intramolecular cyclization resulted in the formation of hydroxycyclic products.Furthermore,N-glucuronidation and O-glucuronidation products were identified for the first time.After performing urinalysis,DPG and DTG could be quantified in the 0.020.23μg L^(−1) range,and DPG-227(mono-hydroxylated DPG)was estimated to be present at ca.0.010.10μg L^(−1) range,using DPG response as quantification surrogate.Finally,toxicity assessment using an in-silico tool indicated the need to consider these human metabolites in(eco)toxicological assessments,as they may have the same or even greater effects on humans and the environment.
文摘Invasive raccoons(Procyon lotor)naturalized in Hokkaido,Japan,potentially spreading infectious diseases.Canine distemper virus infection is a serious epizootic disease,for which the raccoon is one of the hosts.We investigated the virus’s prevalence in Hokkaido’s wild raccoons,using 611 serum samples collected from captured raccoons in 2007–2012,2021,and 2022.Higher seropositivity rateswere confirmed in 2007(32.7%),2021(46.4%),and 2022(46.8%)than in 2008–2012(0.00%–6.06%),suggesting the occurrence of an epidemic in 2007,2021,and 2022 and its disappearance in 2008–2012.However,the infection status has recently changed,with high seropositivity rates consecutively confirmed in 2021 and 2022.Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationships among the catch per unit effort(an index of animal population density),host and environmental factors,and antibody status.The catch per unit effort correlated with seropositivity in 2007.As for environmental factors,the forest area ratio had a weak influence on seroprevalence in 2007;however,the residential area ratio had a clear influence on seroprevalence in 2021 and 2022.The epidemic occurred in forested areas in 2007;nonetheless,recent raccoon population growth and habitat expansionmay have caused widespread infections even around residential areas in 2021 and 2022.Continuous monitoring of the infection and reinforcement of raccoon control programs are necessary to avoid serious damage through disease transmission to sympatric native raccoon dog(Nyctereutes procyonoides)and fox(Vulpes vulpes)populations,as well as health consequences for domestic dogs(Canis familiaris).
