The purpose of this perspective is to discuss the future development of a potential treatment of glial pathology in Alzheimer's disease(AD) and a new regulatory mechanism, nuclear lipids, which may be involved in ...The purpose of this perspective is to discuss the future development of a potential treatment of glial pathology in Alzheimer's disease(AD) and a new regulatory mechanism, nuclear lipids, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, based on the work of the authors(Takasugi et al., 2011;Komai et al., 2024).展开更多
In the competitive retail industry of the digital era,data-driven insights into gender-specific customer behavior are essential.They support the optimization of store performance,layout design,product placement,and ta...In the competitive retail industry of the digital era,data-driven insights into gender-specific customer behavior are essential.They support the optimization of store performance,layout design,product placement,and targeted marketing.However,existing computer vision solutions often rely on facial recognition to gather such insights,raising significant privacy and ethical concerns.To address these issues,this paper presents a privacypreserving customer analytics system through two key strategies.First,we deploy a deep learning framework using YOLOv9s,trained on the RCA-TVGender dataset.Cameras are positioned perpendicular to observation areas to reduce facial visibility while maintaining accurate gender classification.Second,we apply AES-128 encryption to customer position data,ensuring secure access and regulatory compliance.Our system achieved overall performance,with 81.5%mAP@50,77.7%precision,and 75.7%recall.Moreover,a 90-min observational study confirmed the system’s ability to generate privacy-protected heatmaps revealing distinct behavioral patterns between male and female customers.For instance,women spent more time in certain areas and showed interest in different products.These results confirm the system’s effectiveness in enabling personalized layout and marketing strategies without compromising privacy.展开更多
Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properti...Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme high-pressure and hightemperature conditions.A prerequisite for achieving reproducible property measurements is the determination and control of pressure within experimental setups.However,the lack of precise pressure calibration in LVPs hinders the broader application of such devices in ultrahigh-pressure studies.This study employs a suite of standard phase transition-based pressure markers—comprising metallic conductors,semiconductors,and minerals—through both in situ and ex situ identification approaches,to establish pressure calibration curves ranging from 0.4 to>30 GPa for various types of LVP installed at the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR),Beijing,including piston–cylinder,cubic,and multi-anvil presses.The results provide a unified and traceable pressure reference for highpressure experiments conducted at HPSTAR,while also offering technical guidance and calibration standards for other researchers utilizing similar LVP systems,thereby enabling more consistent comparison between different laboratories.This work facilitates the advancement of LVP research toward broader applications in higher-pressure regimes.展开更多
To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical nee...To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical need for accurate risk stratification and timely specialist intervention.A panel of 11 Japanese hepatology experts conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate consensus recommendations regarding the use of noninvasive tests(NITs),including the fibrosis-4 index,enhanced liver fibrosis test,Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer,type IV collagen 7S,cytokeratin-18 fragments,and imaging modalities such as ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography,for MASLD assessment and clinical referral.Practical algorithms were developed based on current Japanese data and panel consensus.The expert panel validated the utility of NITs as reliable tools for identifying patients with MASLD at risk for advanced fibrosis.Sequential use of NITs improved diagnostic accuracy and referral appropriateness while minimizing unnecessary specialist consultations.The proposed algorithms offer stepwise guidance for primary care physicians,supporting efficient,evidence-based decisionmaking.However,prospective longitudinal studies remain necessary for full prognostic validation of NITs in MASLD management.Noninvasive testing algorithms enable effective risk stratification and referral for MASLD in real-world Japanese practice with anticipated benefit for patient outcomes and healthcare systems.Broader adoption and further validation are warranted.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oral and pharyngolaryngeal papillomas are occasionally detected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy.However,their endoscopic features have not been sufficiently investigated.AIM To distinguish oral and pharyn...BACKGROUND Oral and pharyngolaryngeal papillomas are occasionally detected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy.However,their endoscopic features have not been sufficiently investigated.AIM To distinguish oral and pharyngolaryngeal papillomas from elevated squamous carcinomas,this study examined their endoscopic features.METHODS Forty-seven patients with oral or pharyngeal papilloma participated in this study.The endoscopic characteristics of papillomas were identified by focusing on narrowband and blue laser imaging representations.RESULTS Papillomas were classified into three patterns based on their endoscopic features:Salmon roe-like polyps,polyps without capillary transparency,and pinecone-like polyps,with salmon roe-like polyps most prevalent(48.9%).We subsequently analyzed features differentiating papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in the same region and found that squamous cell carcinomas exhibited at least one of the following three features:Uneven or absent lobulated structure,irregular morphology of capillaries,and coexistence of flat lesions.In contrast,papillomas displayed a uniform lobulated structure,homogeneous or non-visible capillaries,and an absence of flat components.When any of these characteristics were present,two endoscopic specialists evaluated the lesions for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma,with sensitivities of 100%and 97.6%and specificities of 68.9%and 93.3%.CONCLUSION Understanding distinct endoscopic patterns of oropharyngeal papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas provides valuable guidance to endoscopists performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric bezoars are masses of indigestible material that accumulate in the stomach,causing nausea,abdominal pain,and vomiting.Persimmon bezoars(diospyrobezoars),which comprise tannins and fibers from persim...BACKGROUND Gastric bezoars are masses of indigestible material that accumulate in the stomach,causing nausea,abdominal pain,and vomiting.Persimmon bezoars(diospyrobezoars),which comprise tannins and fibers from persimmons,are relatively rare but may cause significant gastric complications,including gastric outlet obstruction or ileus.Although computed tomography(CT)is a useful ima-ging tool,diagnosing bezoars can be challenging because their density is similar to that of food debris and gastric content.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report the case of a 72-year-old woman with a persimmon bezoar that was diagnosed using serial CT imaging and confirmed by endoscopy.CT perfor-med over several months revealed changes in the internal structure and density of the bezoar,suggesting progressive hardening.The patient had a history of a par-tial gastrectomy and excessive persimmon consumption,both of which are risk factors for bezoar formation.Endoscopic fragmentation of the bezoar successfully resolved symptoms.CONCLUSION Gastric bezoars,particularly persimmon bezoars,present diagnostic challenges because of their variable imaging characteristics.Serial CT can document tem-poral changes in bezoar density,potentially reflecting changes in hardness.Early diagnosis and endoscopic treatment are essential for effective management,particularly in patients with predisposing factors.This case underscores the im-portance of considering bezoars in the differential diagnosis of gastric masses,and highlights the value of CT for monitoring changes in bezoar characteristics over time.展开更多
BACKGROUND A 56-year-old female presented with acute abdominal pain due to a ruptured pseudoaneurysm associated with median arcuate ligament syndrome(MALS),a rare condition caused by the compression of the celiac arte...BACKGROUND A 56-year-old female presented with acute abdominal pain due to a ruptured pseudoaneurysm associated with median arcuate ligament syndrome(MALS),a rare condition caused by the compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament(MAL),potentially leading to ischemia,aneurysm formation,and rupture.CASE SUMMARY Computed tomography revealed a retroperitoneal hematoma,celiac artery stenosis,and two aneurysms in the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.Hemo-stasis was achieved using transcatheter arterial embolization.However,15 days after embolization,the patient developed duodenal stenosis,manifesting as gastric distension and nausea without abdominal pain.Endoscopy revealed mucosal edema and luminal narrowing of the duodenum.Conservative treatment was ineffective,and the patient underwent MAL transection and gastrojejun-ostomy.She recovered uneventfully,and follow-up at 4 months showed complete resolution of duodenal stenosis and no recurrence.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of the early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of MALS.展开更多
This study evaluates the accuracy of large-eddy simulation(LES)analyses using a commonly used subgrid-scale(SGS)model based on the eddy viscosity hypothesis.The evaluation is performed by examining the Reynolds number...This study evaluates the accuracy of large-eddy simulation(LES)analyses using a commonly used subgrid-scale(SGS)model based on the eddy viscosity hypothesis.The evaluation is performed by examining the Reynolds number dependence of turbulence maintained by anisotropic and isotropic forcing techniques derived from Tay-lor analytical solutions.The Smagorinsky model,the Vreman model,and the coherent structure model are used as SGS models.LES outcomes were evaluated against those produced by direct numerical simulation(DNS).In contrast to the results with isotropic forcing,the turbulent kinetic energy of anisotropic forcing-induced tur-bulence,as calculated by DNS,exhibits a minimum in the intermediate Reynolds number range.However,all three LES analyses fail to reproduce this minimum and instead show overestimated values.This discrepancy is attributed to reduced spatial inhomogeneity of the turbulent diffusion,pressure diffusion,and pressure-strain correlation terms in the transport equations of the velocity fluctuation intensities in this Reynolds number range.Visualization results for the LES and DNS analyses further show that within this range,LES analyses reproduce two-dimensional tubular flow structures that are not observed in DNS results.展开更多
Objective To assess the short-term lag effects of climate and air pollution on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases,and to develop deep learning-based models for daily hospital admission pre...Objective To assess the short-term lag effects of climate and air pollution on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases,and to develop deep learning-based models for daily hospital admission prediction.Methods A multi-city study was conducted in Tokyo’s 23 wards,Osaka City,and Nagoya City.Random forest models were employed to assess the synergistic short-term lag effects(lag0,lag3,and lag7)of climate and air pollutants on hospitalization for five cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and two respiratory diseases(RDs).Furthermore,we developed hybrid deep learning models that integrated an autoencoder(AE)with a Long Short-Term Memory network(AE+LSTM)to predict daily hospital admissions.Results On the day of exposure(lag0),air pollutants,particularly nitrogen oxides(NOx),exhibited the strongest influence on hospital admissions for CVD and RD,with pronounced effects observed for hypertension(I10–I15),ischemic heart disease(I20),arterial and capillary diseases(I70–I79),and lower respiratory infections(J20–J22 and J40–J47).At longer lags(lag3 and lag7),temperature and precipitation were more influential predictors.The AE+LSTM model outperformed the standard LSTM,improving the prediction accuracy by 32.4%for RD in Osaka and 20.94%for CVD in Nagoya.Conclusion Our findings reveal the dynamic,time-varying health risks associated with environmental exposure and demonstrate the utility of deep learnings in predicting short-term hospital admissions.This framework can inform early warning systems,enhance healthcare resource allocation,and support climate-adaptive public health strategies.展开更多
Background:Although previous studies indicate that perceived social support might be associated with adolescent psychological problems,the specific mechanism has not been thoroughly discussed.Based on theoretical and ...Background:Although previous studies indicate that perceived social support might be associated with adolescent psychological problems,the specific mechanism has not been thoroughly discussed.Based on theoretical and empirical research on problematic Internet use(PIU)and sleep quality,this study explored whether they play a mediating role between perceived social support and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents.Furthermore,we investigated whether these relationships varied by place of residence.Methods:A sample of 2115 Chinese adolescents was included,and analyzed data related to perceived social support,PIU,sleep quality,symptoms of depression and anxiety,and sociodemographic variables.Correlation analysis,mediation,and moderation analysis were mainly used.Results:Perceived social support was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms(r=−0.22,p<0.001)and anxiety symptoms(r=−0.20,p<0.001)among adolescents.PIU and sleep quality played a chain mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents.Additionally,the place of residence moderated the relationships between perceived social support and PIU and symptoms of depression and anxiety.Perceived social support was a significant negative predictor of PIU and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents in urban areas but not in rural areas.Conclusion:The findings suggest that low levels of perceived social support may lead to more PIU and poorer sleep quality,which may further increase the risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents,especially in urban areas.展开更多
Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)employs the Na^(+)transporter HvHKT1;1,which is an N^(+)-selective transporter.This study characterized the full-length HvHKT1;1(HvHKT1;1-FL)and three mRNA variants(HvHKT1;1-V1,-V2,and-V3),wh...Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)employs the Na^(+)transporter HvHKT1;1,which is an N^(+)-selective transporter.This study characterized the full-length HvHKT1;1(HvHKT1;1-FL)and three mRNA variants(HvHKT1;1-V1,-V2,and-V3),which encode polypeptides of 64.7,54.0,40.5,and 32.9 kDa,respectively.Tissue-specific expression profiling revealed that HvHKT1;1-FL is the most abundant transcript across leaf,sheath,and root tissues under normal conditions,with the highest expression in leaves.Under 150 mM NaCl stress,HvHKT1;1-FL and its variants showed a dynamic,time-dependent expression pattern,with peak leaf expression at 2 h,sheath expression at 12 h,and root expression at 2 h,suggesting their roles in early stress response.Functional analysis using two-electrode voltage-clamp measurements demonstrated thatHvHKT1;1-FL is highly selective for Na^(+),withminimal conductance for K^(+),Li^(+),Rb^(+),or Cs^(+).It demonstrated high Na^(+)transport efficiency,characterized by higher Vmax and lower Km values,while the variants showed reducedNa^(+)currents,lowerVmax,and higherKmvalues,indicating decreasedNa^(+)transport capacity.Reversal potential analyses further confirmed Na^(+)selectivity,with HvHKT1;1-FL displaying the strongest preference for Na^(+).Notably,while all variants retained Na^(+)selectivity,they showed reduced efficiency,as indicated by a more negative reversal potential in low Na^(+)conditions.These findings highlight the functional diversity among HvHKT1;1 variants,with HvHKT1;1-FL playing a dominant role in Na^(+)transport.The tissue-specific regulation of these variants under salinity stress underscores their importance in barley’s adaptive responses.展开更多
The recent discovery of superconductivity in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7-δ)with a transition temperature Tc close to 80 K at high pressures has attracted significant attention,due particularly to a possible density wave(DW)tran...The recent discovery of superconductivity in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7-δ)with a transition temperature Tc close to 80 K at high pressures has attracted significant attention,due particularly to a possible density wave(DW)transition occurring near the superconducting dome.Identifying the type of DW order is crucial for understanding the origin of superconductivity in this system.However,owing to the presence of La4Ni3O10 and other intergrowth phases in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7-δ)samples,extracting the intrinsic information from the La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) phase is challenging.In this study,we employed ^(139)La nuclear quadrupole resonance(NQR)measurements to eliminate the influence of other structural phases in the sample and obtain microscopic insights into the DW transition in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7-δ).Below the DW transition temperature T_(DW)∼153 K,we observe a distinct splitting in the±5/2↔±7/2 transition of the NQR resonance peak at the La(2)site,while only a line broadening is seen in the±3/2↔±5/2 transition peak.Through further analysis of the spectra,we show that the line splitting is due to a unidirectional charge modulation.A magnetic line broadening is also observed below T_(DW),accompanied by a large enhancement of the spin-lattice relaxation rate,indicating the formation of magnetically ordered moments in the DW state.Our results suggest a simultaneous formation of charge-and spin-density wave orders in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7-δ),thereby offering critical insights into the electronic correlations in Ni-based superconductors.展开更多
BACKGROUND The Streptococcus salivarius(S.salivarius)group,which produces the enzyme urease has been identified as a potential contributor to ammonia production in the gut.Researchers have reported that patients with ...BACKGROUND The Streptococcus salivarius(S.salivarius)group,which produces the enzyme urease has been identified as a potential contributor to ammonia production in the gut.Researchers have reported that patients with minimal HE had an increased abundance of the S.salivarius group,which is a specific change in the gut microbiota that distinguishes them from healthy individuals.The correlation between the aggregation of specific bacterial species and fibrosis progression in chronic liver disease(CLD)is yet to be fully elucidated.AIM To quantify S.salivarius using digital PCR(dPCR)as a liver fibrosis marker of CLD.METHODS This study retrospectively analysed 52 patients with CLD.To quantify S.salivarius in patients with CLD using dPCR,we evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of S.salivarius bacterial load using dPCR for a type strain.Next,we evaluated the clinical usefulness of dPCR for S.salivarius load quantification for detecting liver fibrosis in patients with CLD.The liver fibrosis stage was categorized into mild and advanced fibrosis based on pathological findings.RESULTS The dPCR assay revealed that S.salivarius was highly positive for the tnpA gene.The lower limit of quantification for dPCR using the tnpA gene with a 1μL template comprising 1.28×102 CFU/mL was 4.3 copies.After considering the detection range in dPCR,we adjusted the extracted DNA concentration to 5.0×10-4 ng/μL from 200 mg stool samples.The median bacterial loads of S.salivarius in stool sample from patients with mild and advanced fibrosis were 1.9 and 7.4 copies/μL,respectively.The quantification of S.salivarius load was observed more frequently in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those with mild fibrosis(P=0.032).CONCLUSION Quantifying of S.salivarius load using digital PCR is a useful biomarker for liver fibrosis in patients with CLD.展开更多
Impinging jet arrays are extensively used in numerous industrial operations,including the cooling of electronics,turbine blades,and other high-heat flux systems because of their superior heat transfer capabilities.Opt...Impinging jet arrays are extensively used in numerous industrial operations,including the cooling of electronics,turbine blades,and other high-heat flux systems because of their superior heat transfer capabilities.Optimizing the design and operating parameters of such systems is essential to enhance cooling efficiency and achieve uniform pressure distribution,which can lead to improved system performance and energy savings.This paper presents two multi-objective optimization methodologies for a turbulent air jet impingement cooling system.The governing equations are resolved employing the commercial computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software ANSYS Fluent v17.The study focuses on four controlling parameters:Reynolds number(Re),swirl number(S),jet-to-jet separation distance(Z/D),and impingement height(H/D).The effects of these parameters on heat transfer and impingement pressure distribution are investigated.Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II)and Weighted Sum Method(WSM)are employed to optimize the controlling parameters for maximum cooling performance.The aim is to identify optimal design parameters and system configurations that enhance heat transfer efficiency while achieving a uniform impingement pressure distribution.These findings have practical implications for applications requiring efficient cooling.The optimized design achieved a 12.28%increase in convective heat transfer efficiency with a local Nusselt number of 113.05 compared to 100.69 in the reference design.Enhanced convective cooling and heat flux were observed in the optimized configuration,particularly in areas of direct jet impingement.Additionally,the optimized design maintained lower wall temperatures,demonstrating more effective thermal dissipation.展开更多
Rhizosheath development benefits drought resistance in many upland crops.Although water-saving irrigation techniques induce rice rhizosheath formation,how and whether root hairs and different root types influence rice...Rhizosheath development benefits drought resistance in many upland crops.Although water-saving irrigation techniques induce rice rhizosheath formation,how and whether root hairs and different root types influence rice rhizosheath development and shoot water relations at seedling stage in drying soil are unclear.Wild-type(WT)seedlings with root hairs and its root hairless mutant rth2 were watered every 2 or 4 d,with root hair,whole root and shoot traits determined.Less frequent irrigation significantly increased rhizosheath of both genotypes by 14%during the seedling stage.Although root exudates from rth2 adhered 54%more soil than WT,facilitating rhizosheath development,root hairs and 25%greater lateral root proliferation of WT seedlings allowed 48%more rhizosheath especially in older seedlings.Greater root hair length,root hair length density and root hair number/root surface area on lateral than axial roots especially enhanced WT rhizosheath development.Soil water deficit increased root and leaf ABA concentrations especially in WT seedlings,causing stomatal closure that contributed to increased leaf water potential.In 36-d-old seedlings,10%greater shoot biomass of WT plants than rth2 accompanied 15%higher root and 36%higher foliar ABA concentrations and ultimately lower stomatal conductance.Higher ABA concentrations of WT plants at the same soil moisture suggested root hairs may be important in mediating shoot water status of rice seedlings.展开更多
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors(NADETs)is not fully understood.NADETs that express gastric-type mucin phenotypes(GNADETs)are noteworthy because of their high malignancy.Gastric ...BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors(NADETs)is not fully understood.NADETs that express gastric-type mucin phenotypes(GNADETs)are noteworthy because of their high malignancy.Gastric foveolar metaplasia,from which G-NADETs originate,protects the duodenal mucosa from gastric acidity.As gastric acid secretion is affected by endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy(EGMA),we hypothesized that EGMA would be associated with GNADETs.AIM To evaluate the association between EGMA and the occurrence of G-NADETs.METHODS This cross-sectional retrospective study investigated the relationship between EGMA and NADETs in 134 patients.The duodenum was divided into parts 1(bulb),2(superior duodenal angle to the papilla),and 3(anal side of the papilla to the horizontal part).The effects of gastric acidity and presence of Brunner’s glands were considered.EGMA was divided into types C(no or mild atrophy)and O(severe atrophy).Mucin phenotype expressions in NADETs were divided into gastric,intestinal,gastrointestinal,and unclassifiable.RESULTS When NADETs were classified according to EGMA,105 were classified as type C and 29 as type O.G-NADETs were present in 11.9%(16 cases)of all cases,and all 16 cases were of type C.Among G-NADETs,93.8%(15 cases)were present in part 1 or 2.There was an association between G-NADETs and type C in part 1,and 50.0%(eight of 16 cases)of G-NADETs were associated with a current or previous Helicobacter pylori infection status.Additionally,all eight cases occurred in part 1.CONCLUSION G-NADETs were significantly associated with type C.Gastric acidity and Brunner's gland growth may be associated with G-NADETs.展开更多
With the advancements of the next-generation communication networking and Internet ofThings(IoT)technologies,a variety of computation-intensive applications(e.g.,autonomous driving and face recognition)have emerged.Th...With the advancements of the next-generation communication networking and Internet ofThings(IoT)technologies,a variety of computation-intensive applications(e.g.,autonomous driving and face recognition)have emerged.The execution of these IoT applications demands a lot of computing resources.Nevertheless,terminal devices(TDs)usually do not have sufficient computing resources to process these applications.Offloading IoT applications to be processed by mobile edge computing(MEC)servers with more computing resources provides a promising way to address this issue.While a significant number of works have studied task offloading,only a few of them have considered the security issue.This study investigates the problem of spectrum allocation and security-sensitive task offloading in an MEC system.Dynamic voltage scaling(DVS)technology is applied by TDs to reduce energy consumption and computing time.To guarantee data security during task offloading,we use AES cryptographic technique.The studied problem is formulated as an optimization problem and solved by our proposed efficient offloading scheme.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reduce system cost while guaranteeing data security.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Japan Foundation for applied enzymology (to NT)the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (26430059, 17K08272, and 20K07014 to NT)+1 种基金the establishment of university fellowships toward the creation of science technology innovation (JPMJFS2128)a Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (23KJ1603)(to MK)。
文摘The purpose of this perspective is to discuss the future development of a potential treatment of glial pathology in Alzheimer's disease(AD) and a new regulatory mechanism, nuclear lipids, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, based on the work of the authors(Takasugi et al., 2011;Komai et al., 2024).
文摘In the competitive retail industry of the digital era,data-driven insights into gender-specific customer behavior are essential.They support the optimization of store performance,layout design,product placement,and targeted marketing.However,existing computer vision solutions often rely on facial recognition to gather such insights,raising significant privacy and ethical concerns.To address these issues,this paper presents a privacypreserving customer analytics system through two key strategies.First,we deploy a deep learning framework using YOLOv9s,trained on the RCA-TVGender dataset.Cameras are positioned perpendicular to observation areas to reduce facial visibility while maintaining accurate gender classification.Second,we apply AES-128 encryption to customer position data,ensuring secure access and regulatory compliance.Our system achieved overall performance,with 81.5%mAP@50,77.7%precision,and 75.7%recall.Moreover,a 90-min observational study confirmed the system’s ability to generate privacy-protected heatmaps revealing distinct behavioral patterns between male and female customers.For instance,women spent more time in certain areas and showed interest in different products.These results confirm the system’s effectiveness in enabling personalized layout and marketing strategies without compromising privacy.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1530402 and U1930401).
文摘Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme high-pressure and hightemperature conditions.A prerequisite for achieving reproducible property measurements is the determination and control of pressure within experimental setups.However,the lack of precise pressure calibration in LVPs hinders the broader application of such devices in ultrahigh-pressure studies.This study employs a suite of standard phase transition-based pressure markers—comprising metallic conductors,semiconductors,and minerals—through both in situ and ex situ identification approaches,to establish pressure calibration curves ranging from 0.4 to>30 GPa for various types of LVP installed at the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR),Beijing,including piston–cylinder,cubic,and multi-anvil presses.The results provide a unified and traceable pressure reference for highpressure experiments conducted at HPSTAR,while also offering technical guidance and calibration standards for other researchers utilizing similar LVP systems,thereby enabling more consistent comparison between different laboratories.This work facilitates the advancement of LVP research toward broader applications in higher-pressure regimes.
基金Supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI,No.25K11274.
文摘To establish practical,evidence-based strategies for noninvasive assessment and referral of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)in Japan,we must address the urgent clinical need for accurate risk stratification and timely specialist intervention.A panel of 11 Japanese hepatology experts conducted a modified Delphi process to evaluate consensus recommendations regarding the use of noninvasive tests(NITs),including the fibrosis-4 index,enhanced liver fibrosis test,Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer,type IV collagen 7S,cytokeratin-18 fragments,and imaging modalities such as ultrasound elastography and magnetic resonance elastography,for MASLD assessment and clinical referral.Practical algorithms were developed based on current Japanese data and panel consensus.The expert panel validated the utility of NITs as reliable tools for identifying patients with MASLD at risk for advanced fibrosis.Sequential use of NITs improved diagnostic accuracy and referral appropriateness while minimizing unnecessary specialist consultations.The proposed algorithms offer stepwise guidance for primary care physicians,supporting efficient,evidence-based decisionmaking.However,prospective longitudinal studies remain necessary for full prognostic validation of NITs in MASLD management.Noninvasive testing algorithms enable effective risk stratification and referral for MASLD in real-world Japanese practice with anticipated benefit for patient outcomes and healthcare systems.Broader adoption and further validation are warranted.
文摘BACKGROUND Oral and pharyngolaryngeal papillomas are occasionally detected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy.However,their endoscopic features have not been sufficiently investigated.AIM To distinguish oral and pharyngolaryngeal papillomas from elevated squamous carcinomas,this study examined their endoscopic features.METHODS Forty-seven patients with oral or pharyngeal papilloma participated in this study.The endoscopic characteristics of papillomas were identified by focusing on narrowband and blue laser imaging representations.RESULTS Papillomas were classified into three patterns based on their endoscopic features:Salmon roe-like polyps,polyps without capillary transparency,and pinecone-like polyps,with salmon roe-like polyps most prevalent(48.9%).We subsequently analyzed features differentiating papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas in the same region and found that squamous cell carcinomas exhibited at least one of the following three features:Uneven or absent lobulated structure,irregular morphology of capillaries,and coexistence of flat lesions.In contrast,papillomas displayed a uniform lobulated structure,homogeneous or non-visible capillaries,and an absence of flat components.When any of these characteristics were present,two endoscopic specialists evaluated the lesions for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma,with sensitivities of 100%and 97.6%and specificities of 68.9%and 93.3%.CONCLUSION Understanding distinct endoscopic patterns of oropharyngeal papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas provides valuable guidance to endoscopists performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric bezoars are masses of indigestible material that accumulate in the stomach,causing nausea,abdominal pain,and vomiting.Persimmon bezoars(diospyrobezoars),which comprise tannins and fibers from persimmons,are relatively rare but may cause significant gastric complications,including gastric outlet obstruction or ileus.Although computed tomography(CT)is a useful ima-ging tool,diagnosing bezoars can be challenging because their density is similar to that of food debris and gastric content.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report the case of a 72-year-old woman with a persimmon bezoar that was diagnosed using serial CT imaging and confirmed by endoscopy.CT perfor-med over several months revealed changes in the internal structure and density of the bezoar,suggesting progressive hardening.The patient had a history of a par-tial gastrectomy and excessive persimmon consumption,both of which are risk factors for bezoar formation.Endoscopic fragmentation of the bezoar successfully resolved symptoms.CONCLUSION Gastric bezoars,particularly persimmon bezoars,present diagnostic challenges because of their variable imaging characteristics.Serial CT can document tem-poral changes in bezoar density,potentially reflecting changes in hardness.Early diagnosis and endoscopic treatment are essential for effective management,particularly in patients with predisposing factors.This case underscores the im-portance of considering bezoars in the differential diagnosis of gastric masses,and highlights the value of CT for monitoring changes in bezoar characteristics over time.
文摘BACKGROUND A 56-year-old female presented with acute abdominal pain due to a ruptured pseudoaneurysm associated with median arcuate ligament syndrome(MALS),a rare condition caused by the compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament(MAL),potentially leading to ischemia,aneurysm formation,and rupture.CASE SUMMARY Computed tomography revealed a retroperitoneal hematoma,celiac artery stenosis,and two aneurysms in the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.Hemo-stasis was achieved using transcatheter arterial embolization.However,15 days after embolization,the patient developed duodenal stenosis,manifesting as gastric distension and nausea without abdominal pain.Endoscopy revealed mucosal edema and luminal narrowing of the duodenum.Conservative treatment was ineffective,and the patient underwent MAL transection and gastrojejun-ostomy.She recovered uneventfully,and follow-up at 4 months showed complete resolution of duodenal stenosis and no recurrence.CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of the early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management of MALS.
基金supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technol-ogy through Grants-in-Aid(Grant Nos.21K03859 and 22H01684)the Kurita Water and Environment Foundation(Grant No.25B042)the Okayama Foundation for Science and Technology(2025).
文摘This study evaluates the accuracy of large-eddy simulation(LES)analyses using a commonly used subgrid-scale(SGS)model based on the eddy viscosity hypothesis.The evaluation is performed by examining the Reynolds number dependence of turbulence maintained by anisotropic and isotropic forcing techniques derived from Tay-lor analytical solutions.The Smagorinsky model,the Vreman model,and the coherent structure model are used as SGS models.LES outcomes were evaluated against those produced by direct numerical simulation(DNS).In contrast to the results with isotropic forcing,the turbulent kinetic energy of anisotropic forcing-induced tur-bulence,as calculated by DNS,exhibits a minimum in the intermediate Reynolds number range.However,all three LES analyses fail to reproduce this minimum and instead show overestimated values.This discrepancy is attributed to reduced spatial inhomogeneity of the turbulent diffusion,pressure diffusion,and pressure-strain correlation terms in the transport equations of the velocity fluctuation intensities in this Reynolds number range.Visualization results for the LES and DNS analyses further show that within this range,LES analyses reproduce two-dimensional tubular flow structures that are not observed in DNS results.
基金supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency SPRING Program(JST SPRING),Grant Number JPMJSP2108,which was partially funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grant Numbers 20H03949,23K22919,23K28289the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan,and the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund(S-24).
文摘Objective To assess the short-term lag effects of climate and air pollution on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases,and to develop deep learning-based models for daily hospital admission prediction.Methods A multi-city study was conducted in Tokyo’s 23 wards,Osaka City,and Nagoya City.Random forest models were employed to assess the synergistic short-term lag effects(lag0,lag3,and lag7)of climate and air pollutants on hospitalization for five cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and two respiratory diseases(RDs).Furthermore,we developed hybrid deep learning models that integrated an autoencoder(AE)with a Long Short-Term Memory network(AE+LSTM)to predict daily hospital admissions.Results On the day of exposure(lag0),air pollutants,particularly nitrogen oxides(NOx),exhibited the strongest influence on hospital admissions for CVD and RD,with pronounced effects observed for hypertension(I10–I15),ischemic heart disease(I20),arterial and capillary diseases(I70–I79),and lower respiratory infections(J20–J22 and J40–J47).At longer lags(lag3 and lag7),temperature and precipitation were more influential predictors.The AE+LSTM model outperformed the standard LSTM,improving the prediction accuracy by 32.4%for RD in Osaka and 20.94%for CVD in Nagoya.Conclusion Our findings reveal the dynamic,time-varying health risks associated with environmental exposure and demonstrate the utility of deep learnings in predicting short-term hospital admissions.This framework can inform early warning systems,enhance healthcare resource allocation,and support climate-adaptive public health strategies.
基金supported by the MOE(Ministry of Education in China)Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(grant number 22YJCZH243)the Chinese Government Scholarship of China Scholarship Council(grant number 202106920027).
文摘Background:Although previous studies indicate that perceived social support might be associated with adolescent psychological problems,the specific mechanism has not been thoroughly discussed.Based on theoretical and empirical research on problematic Internet use(PIU)and sleep quality,this study explored whether they play a mediating role between perceived social support and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents.Furthermore,we investigated whether these relationships varied by place of residence.Methods:A sample of 2115 Chinese adolescents was included,and analyzed data related to perceived social support,PIU,sleep quality,symptoms of depression and anxiety,and sociodemographic variables.Correlation analysis,mediation,and moderation analysis were mainly used.Results:Perceived social support was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms(r=−0.22,p<0.001)and anxiety symptoms(r=−0.20,p<0.001)among adolescents.PIU and sleep quality played a chain mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents.Additionally,the place of residence moderated the relationships between perceived social support and PIU and symptoms of depression and anxiety.Perceived social support was a significant negative predictor of PIU and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents in urban areas but not in rural areas.Conclusion:The findings suggest that low levels of perceived social support may lead to more PIU and poorer sleep quality,which may further increase the risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents,especially in urban areas.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP20K06708 to Maki Katsuhara,and an OU fellowship to Shahin Imran.
文摘Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)employs the Na^(+)transporter HvHKT1;1,which is an N^(+)-selective transporter.This study characterized the full-length HvHKT1;1(HvHKT1;1-FL)and three mRNA variants(HvHKT1;1-V1,-V2,and-V3),which encode polypeptides of 64.7,54.0,40.5,and 32.9 kDa,respectively.Tissue-specific expression profiling revealed that HvHKT1;1-FL is the most abundant transcript across leaf,sheath,and root tissues under normal conditions,with the highest expression in leaves.Under 150 mM NaCl stress,HvHKT1;1-FL and its variants showed a dynamic,time-dependent expression pattern,with peak leaf expression at 2 h,sheath expression at 12 h,and root expression at 2 h,suggesting their roles in early stress response.Functional analysis using two-electrode voltage-clamp measurements demonstrated thatHvHKT1;1-FL is highly selective for Na^(+),withminimal conductance for K^(+),Li^(+),Rb^(+),or Cs^(+).It demonstrated high Na^(+)transport efficiency,characterized by higher Vmax and lower Km values,while the variants showed reducedNa^(+)currents,lowerVmax,and higherKmvalues,indicating decreasedNa^(+)transport capacity.Reversal potential analyses further confirmed Na^(+)selectivity,with HvHKT1;1-FL displaying the strongest preference for Na^(+).Notably,while all variants retained Na^(+)selectivity,they showed reduced efficiency,as indicated by a more negative reversal potential in low Na^(+)conditions.These findings highlight the functional diversity among HvHKT1;1 variants,with HvHKT1;1-FL playing a dominant role in Na^(+)transport.The tissue-specific regulation of these variants under salinity stress underscores their importance in barley’s adaptive responses.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Projects of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406103,2024YFA1611302,2024YFA1409200,and 2022YFA1403402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374142,12304170,12025408,12404179,and U23A6003)+2 种基金Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics(Grant No.2024BNLCMPKF005)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(Grant No.2024PG0003)supported by the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF,https://cstr.cn/31123.02.SECUF)。
文摘The recent discovery of superconductivity in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7-δ)with a transition temperature Tc close to 80 K at high pressures has attracted significant attention,due particularly to a possible density wave(DW)transition occurring near the superconducting dome.Identifying the type of DW order is crucial for understanding the origin of superconductivity in this system.However,owing to the presence of La4Ni3O10 and other intergrowth phases in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7-δ)samples,extracting the intrinsic information from the La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) phase is challenging.In this study,we employed ^(139)La nuclear quadrupole resonance(NQR)measurements to eliminate the influence of other structural phases in the sample and obtain microscopic insights into the DW transition in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7-δ).Below the DW transition temperature T_(DW)∼153 K,we observe a distinct splitting in the±5/2↔±7/2 transition of the NQR resonance peak at the La(2)site,while only a line broadening is seen in the±3/2↔±5/2 transition peak.Through further analysis of the spectra,we show that the line splitting is due to a unidirectional charge modulation.A magnetic line broadening is also observed below T_(DW),accompanied by a large enhancement of the spin-lattice relaxation rate,indicating the formation of magnetically ordered moments in the DW state.Our results suggest a simultaneous formation of charge-and spin-density wave orders in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7-δ),thereby offering critical insights into the electronic correlations in Ni-based superconductors.
文摘BACKGROUND The Streptococcus salivarius(S.salivarius)group,which produces the enzyme urease has been identified as a potential contributor to ammonia production in the gut.Researchers have reported that patients with minimal HE had an increased abundance of the S.salivarius group,which is a specific change in the gut microbiota that distinguishes them from healthy individuals.The correlation between the aggregation of specific bacterial species and fibrosis progression in chronic liver disease(CLD)is yet to be fully elucidated.AIM To quantify S.salivarius using digital PCR(dPCR)as a liver fibrosis marker of CLD.METHODS This study retrospectively analysed 52 patients with CLD.To quantify S.salivarius in patients with CLD using dPCR,we evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of S.salivarius bacterial load using dPCR for a type strain.Next,we evaluated the clinical usefulness of dPCR for S.salivarius load quantification for detecting liver fibrosis in patients with CLD.The liver fibrosis stage was categorized into mild and advanced fibrosis based on pathological findings.RESULTS The dPCR assay revealed that S.salivarius was highly positive for the tnpA gene.The lower limit of quantification for dPCR using the tnpA gene with a 1μL template comprising 1.28×102 CFU/mL was 4.3 copies.After considering the detection range in dPCR,we adjusted the extracted DNA concentration to 5.0×10-4 ng/μL from 200 mg stool samples.The median bacterial loads of S.salivarius in stool sample from patients with mild and advanced fibrosis were 1.9 and 7.4 copies/μL,respectively.The quantification of S.salivarius load was observed more frequently in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those with mild fibrosis(P=0.032).CONCLUSION Quantifying of S.salivarius load using digital PCR is a useful biomarker for liver fibrosis in patients with CLD.
文摘Impinging jet arrays are extensively used in numerous industrial operations,including the cooling of electronics,turbine blades,and other high-heat flux systems because of their superior heat transfer capabilities.Optimizing the design and operating parameters of such systems is essential to enhance cooling efficiency and achieve uniform pressure distribution,which can lead to improved system performance and energy savings.This paper presents two multi-objective optimization methodologies for a turbulent air jet impingement cooling system.The governing equations are resolved employing the commercial computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software ANSYS Fluent v17.The study focuses on four controlling parameters:Reynolds number(Re),swirl number(S),jet-to-jet separation distance(Z/D),and impingement height(H/D).The effects of these parameters on heat transfer and impingement pressure distribution are investigated.Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II)and Weighted Sum Method(WSM)are employed to optimize the controlling parameters for maximum cooling performance.The aim is to identify optimal design parameters and system configurations that enhance heat transfer efficiency while achieving a uniform impingement pressure distribution.These findings have practical implications for applications requiring efficient cooling.The optimized design achieved a 12.28%increase in convective heat transfer efficiency with a local Nusselt number of 113.05 compared to 100.69 in the reference design.Enhanced convective cooling and heat flux were observed in the optimized configuration,particularly in areas of direct jet impingement.Additionally,the optimized design maintained lower wall temperatures,demonstrating more effective thermal dissipation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071943, 31872853, 31871557)Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education and Yangzhou University (JS-2020-217)+3 种基金Zhejiang A&F University Research Development Fund (2023LFR003)in receipt of a Newton Advanced Fellowship (NA160430)the European Union SHui Project (773903)the GCRF RECIRCULATE (ES/P010857/1) Project
文摘Rhizosheath development benefits drought resistance in many upland crops.Although water-saving irrigation techniques induce rice rhizosheath formation,how and whether root hairs and different root types influence rice rhizosheath development and shoot water relations at seedling stage in drying soil are unclear.Wild-type(WT)seedlings with root hairs and its root hairless mutant rth2 were watered every 2 or 4 d,with root hair,whole root and shoot traits determined.Less frequent irrigation significantly increased rhizosheath of both genotypes by 14%during the seedling stage.Although root exudates from rth2 adhered 54%more soil than WT,facilitating rhizosheath development,root hairs and 25%greater lateral root proliferation of WT seedlings allowed 48%more rhizosheath especially in older seedlings.Greater root hair length,root hair length density and root hair number/root surface area on lateral than axial roots especially enhanced WT rhizosheath development.Soil water deficit increased root and leaf ABA concentrations especially in WT seedlings,causing stomatal closure that contributed to increased leaf water potential.In 36-d-old seedlings,10%greater shoot biomass of WT plants than rth2 accompanied 15%higher root and 36%higher foliar ABA concentrations and ultimately lower stomatal conductance.Higher ABA concentrations of WT plants at the same soil moisture suggested root hairs may be important in mediating shoot water status of rice seedlings.
文摘BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors(NADETs)is not fully understood.NADETs that express gastric-type mucin phenotypes(GNADETs)are noteworthy because of their high malignancy.Gastric foveolar metaplasia,from which G-NADETs originate,protects the duodenal mucosa from gastric acidity.As gastric acid secretion is affected by endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy(EGMA),we hypothesized that EGMA would be associated with GNADETs.AIM To evaluate the association between EGMA and the occurrence of G-NADETs.METHODS This cross-sectional retrospective study investigated the relationship between EGMA and NADETs in 134 patients.The duodenum was divided into parts 1(bulb),2(superior duodenal angle to the papilla),and 3(anal side of the papilla to the horizontal part).The effects of gastric acidity and presence of Brunner’s glands were considered.EGMA was divided into types C(no or mild atrophy)and O(severe atrophy).Mucin phenotype expressions in NADETs were divided into gastric,intestinal,gastrointestinal,and unclassifiable.RESULTS When NADETs were classified according to EGMA,105 were classified as type C and 29 as type O.G-NADETs were present in 11.9%(16 cases)of all cases,and all 16 cases were of type C.Among G-NADETs,93.8%(15 cases)were present in part 1 or 2.There was an association between G-NADETs and type C in part 1,and 50.0%(eight of 16 cases)of G-NADETs were associated with a current or previous Helicobacter pylori infection status.Additionally,all eight cases occurred in part 1.CONCLUSION G-NADETs were significantly associated with type C.Gastric acidity and Brunner's gland growth may be associated with G-NADETs.
基金supported in part by Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(2022AH051921)Science Research Project of Bengbu University(2024YYX47pj,2024YYX48pj)+8 种基金Anhui Province Excellent Research and Innovation Team in Intelligent Manufacturing and Information Technology(2023AH052938)Big Data and Machine Learning Research Team(BBXYKYTDxj05)Funding Project for the Cultivation of Outstanding Talents in Colleges and Universities(gxyqZD2021135)the Key Scientific Research Projects of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(2022AH051376)Start Up Funds for Scientific Research of High-Level Talents of Bengbu University(BBXY2020KYQD02)Scientific Research and Development Fund of Suzhou University(2021fzjj29)Research on Grain Logistics Data Processing and Safety Issues(ALAQ202401017)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization(SKLTOF20220131)funded by the Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-102),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘With the advancements of the next-generation communication networking and Internet ofThings(IoT)technologies,a variety of computation-intensive applications(e.g.,autonomous driving and face recognition)have emerged.The execution of these IoT applications demands a lot of computing resources.Nevertheless,terminal devices(TDs)usually do not have sufficient computing resources to process these applications.Offloading IoT applications to be processed by mobile edge computing(MEC)servers with more computing resources provides a promising way to address this issue.While a significant number of works have studied task offloading,only a few of them have considered the security issue.This study investigates the problem of spectrum allocation and security-sensitive task offloading in an MEC system.Dynamic voltage scaling(DVS)technology is applied by TDs to reduce energy consumption and computing time.To guarantee data security during task offloading,we use AES cryptographic technique.The studied problem is formulated as an optimization problem and solved by our proposed efficient offloading scheme.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can reduce system cost while guaranteeing data security.
