Peanut or groundnut （ Arachis hypogaea L. ） is an important source of vegetable oil in the world. Genetic enhancement for high yield and high oil content has greatly contributed to enhanced pro-ductivit...Peanut or groundnut （ Arachis hypogaea L. ） is an important source of vegetable oil in the world. Genetic enhancement for high yield and high oil content has greatly contributed to enhanced pro-ductivity of peanut and increased supply of peanut oil. Further improving oil content and quality of peanut is still crucial for increasing productivity of arable land and market competitiveness of peanut oil. Based on investigation among the peanut germplasm accessions including wild Arachis species, the oil content could be as high as 65%. Heterosis has been observed for oil content in hybrids derived from diverse crossing parents. Segregates with enhanced oil content have been obtained by pyramiding different genes or alleles with major and minor additive effects. Improved testing techniques for oil content in breeding lines with reduced cost have accelerated breeding progress for high oil content. SSR markers associated with oil content have been identified by association and linkage analysis. The stability of oil content in peanut across seasons and locations is highly associated with cold tolerance, high nutrition efficiency and drought tolerance. Recent progress on improving fatty acids in particular marker assisted backcrossing breeding has contributed to higher quality peanut oil and other products. High oil peanut lines with im-proved resistance to aflatoxin production have been developed. The wild Arachis species would be of great value for peanut breeding in increasing oil content.展开更多
The origin traceability of edible oil is an effective way to protect the legitimate rights and interests of producers and consumers.This review briefly summarizes research progress on origin traceability technologies ...The origin traceability of edible oil is an effective way to protect the legitimate rights and interests of producers and consumers.This review briefly summarizes research progress on origin traceability technologies for edible oils including stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry,mineral element fingerprint analysis,organic component fingerprint analysis,near-infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance technology and biochemical analysis.Moreover,the development trends in edible oil origin traceability technology were proposed.展开更多
Vegetable oil and derivative,as well as waste cooking oil,are important resources for microbial fermentation to produce high-value-added metabolites.Diversity of their compositions not only provides more choices for t...Vegetable oil and derivative,as well as waste cooking oil,are important resources for microbial fermentation to produce high-value-added metabolites.Diversity of their compositions not only provides more choices for the fermentation by different microorganisms,but also is a challenge for their systematic utilization.According to the previous literature,4 main functions of vegetable oil and derivative can be summarized,such as carbon source,precursor,inducer and cell protectant during fermentation process.Currently,there is still insufficient knowledge about application of vegetable oil and derivative for high-value-added metabolite production.Therefore,this article firstly presented a comprehensive summary of compositions of vegetable oils and their derivatives,variety of corresponding microbial metabolites,limiting factors and optimization of fermentation process.展开更多
Marine environmental monitoring and data platform technology plays a pivotal role in advancing marine scientific research,sustainable resource development,ecological conservation,and the effective utilization of ocean...Marine environmental monitoring and data platform technology plays a pivotal role in advancing marine scientific research,sustainable resource development,ecological conservation,and the effective utilization of ocean resources.Despite its growing importance in addressing global environmental and economic challenges,a comprehensive and systematic review of recent advancements in this field remains lacking.To address this gap,this paper synthesizes and analyzes academic literature published between 2021 and 2025,sourced from reputable databases including Scopus and Web of Science,while adhering to the PRISMA systematic review standards.It delineates core technologies employed in marine environmental monitoring,such as advanced sensor systems,robust data acquisition and transmission methods,and innovative data processing and analysis techniques.Furthermore,the study examines the architectural functionalities,data sharing mechanisms,and interoperability standards that underpin modern marine data platforms.The paper also addresses critical technical challenges encountered in deep-water monitoring operations,including equipment durability under extreme conditions,significant economic constraints,data management complexities,and emerging privacy and security concerns.Finally,future development trajectories are outlined,emphasizing the transformative potential of novel materials and artificial intelligence(AI)in enhancing deep-water monitoring capabilities,alongside the urgent need for strengthened global collaboration to improve data sharing protocols and management frameworks.Collectively,the continuous evolution of marine monitoring technologies promises to provide increasingly intelligent,integrated,and systematic support for global marine protection efforts and sustainable resource stewardship.展开更多
Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) is the largest oilseed crop in China and accounts for about 20% of world production.For the last 10 years,the production,planting area,and yield of rapeseed have been stable,with improvemen...Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) is the largest oilseed crop in China and accounts for about 20% of world production.For the last 10 years,the production,planting area,and yield of rapeseed have been stable,with improvement of seed quality and especially seed oil content.China is among the leading countries in rapeseed genomic research internationally,having jointly with other countries accomplished the whole genome sequencing of rapeseed and its two parental species,Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa.Progress on functional genomics including the identification of QTL governing important agronomic traits such as yield,seed oil content,fertility regulation,disease and insect resistance,abiotic stress,nutrition use efficiency,and pod shattering resistance has been achieved.As a consequence,molecular markers have been developed and used in breeding programs.During 2005–2014,215 rapeseed varieties were registered nationally,including 210 winter-and 5 spring-type varieties.Mechanization across the whole process of rapeseed production was investigated and operating instructions for all relevant techniques were published.Modern techniques for rapeseed field management such as high-density planting,controlled-release fertilizer,and biocontrol of disease and pests combined with precision tools such as drones have been developed and are being adopted in China.With the application of advanced breeding and production technologies,in the near future,the oil yield and quality of rapeseed varieties will be greatly increased,and more varieties with desirable traits,especially early maturation,high yield,high resistance to biotic and abiotic stress,and suitability for mechanized harvesting will be developed.Application of modern technologies on the mechanized management of rapeseed will greatly increase grower profit.展开更多
Supercritical carbon dioxide （scCO2） microemulsion was formed by supercritical CO2, H20, sodium bis（2-ethylhexyl） sulfosuccinate （AOT, surfactant） and C2HsOH （co-surfactant） under pressures higher than 8 MPa a...Supercritical carbon dioxide （scCO2） microemulsion was formed by supercritical CO2, H20, sodium bis（2-ethylhexyl） sulfosuccinate （AOT, surfactant） and C2HsOH （co-surfactant） under pressures higher than 8 MPa at 45 ℃. The fundamental characteristics of the scCO2 microemulsion and the minimum miscibility pressure （MMP） with Daqing oil were investigated with a high-pressure falling sphere viscometer, a high-pressure interfacial tension meter, a PVT cell and a slim tube test. The mechanism of the scCO2 microemulsion for enhancing oil recovery is discussed. The results showed that the viscosity and density of the scCO2 microemulsion were higher than those of the scCO2 fluid at the same pressure and temperature. The results of interfacial tension and slim tube tests indicated that the MMP of the scCO2 microemulsion and crude oil was lower than that of the scCO2 and crude oil at 45 ℃. It is the combined action of viscosity, density and MMP which made the oil recovery efficiency of the scCO2 microemulsion higher than that of the scCO2 fluid.展开更多
China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cu...China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cultivar Zhongshuang 11 （Brassica napus L.） was employed in two rounds of field experiments from 2009 to 2011. Seeds were sown with machine, three combine harvesting times namely combine harvesting A, B, and C （CHA, CHB, and CHC） were designed and manual harvesting （MH） as control was performed at maturity. The harvesting treatments were determined according to color of pod and seed in the field. Seed yield loss and quality in different treatments were evaluated. Results showed that both seed yields and harvesting losses in 2009-2010 were higher than that in 2010-2011, whereas seed oil contents in 2010-2011 were higher than that in 2009-2010. The highest yield appeared in CHB, which was significantly higher than that in MH. Furthermore, harvesting loss in CHB were 50% that in MH. Seed oil content and chlorophyll exhibited no obvious difference between CHB and MH. Economic profit analysis demonstrated that mechanical sowing/combine harvesting （MS/CH） showed an input/output ratio of 1：1.6, and it was 1：1.2 in mechanical sowing/manual harvesting （MS/MH）. Labor-cost accounted for more than 70% of the total cost in MS/MH, which led to low profitability to a great extent. Our results suggested that CHB was the optimum harvesting time for winter oilseed rape along the Yangtze River.展开更多
Till now, most part of the biodiesel is produced from the refined vegetable oils using methanol as feedstock in the presence of an alkali catalyst. However, large amount of waste edible oils and grease are available. ...Till now, most part of the biodiesel is produced from the refined vegetable oils using methanol as feedstock in the presence of an alkali catalyst. However, large amount of waste edible oils and grease are available. The difficulty with alkali-catalyzed esterification of these oils is that they often contain large amount of free fatty acids （FFA）, polymers and decomposition products. These free fatty acids can quickly react with the alkali catalyst to produce soaps that inhibit the separation of the ester and glycerine. An esterification and transesterification process is developed to convert the high FFA oil to its monoesters, The first step, the acidcatalyzed esterification with glycerine and these FFA reduces the FFA content of the oil and grease to less than 3%, and then an azeotropic distillation solvent is used to remove the water. The major factors affecting the conversion efficiency of the process such as glycerol to free fatty acid molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction duration are analyzed, The second step, alkali-catalyzed transesterificatiou process converts the products of the first step to its monoesters and glycerol, and then the glycerol is recycled for utilization in the first step. Technical indicators of the biodiesel product can meet the ASTM 6751 standard.展开更多
The QTLs of the oil content and the hull content were analyzed in Brassica napus L. by constructing the linkage map. The F2：6RIL population with 188 lines, derived from the cross of GH06 × P147, was used as the ...The QTLs of the oil content and the hull content were analyzed in Brassica napus L. by constructing the linkage map. The F2：6RIL population with 188 lines, derived from the cross of GH06 × P147, was used as the mapping population. The SRAP, SSR, AFLP, and TRAP markers were used to construct the linkage map, and the composite interval mapping （CIM） to identify the quantitative trait loci associated with the oil content and the hull content. 300 markers were integrated into 19 linkage groups, covering 1 248.5 cM in total. Seven QTLs were found to be responsible for the oil content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 3.73 to 10.46%; four QTLs were found for the hull content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 4.89 to 6.84%. The yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. has the advantage of higher oil content and the hull content has a significant effect on the oil content. In addition, the SRAP marker is good for detecting QTL.展开更多
Oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） is one of the most important oil crops worldwide and provides about 50 percent of the vegetable oil supply in China （Yin et al., 2009）. The development of rapeseed varieties with h...Oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） is one of the most important oil crops worldwide and provides about 50 percent of the vegetable oil supply in China （Yin et al., 2009）. The development of rapeseed varieties with higher yield is an effective measure to optimize balance between the supply and demand of edible vegetable oil. In oilseed rape, the number of silique per plant （SP） contributes most to the yield performance （Diepenbrock, 2000）. However, compared with the other two yield-component traits, seeds per silique （SS） and seed weight （SW）, SP is more sensitive to environmental changes （Li et al., 2007; Shi et al., 2009）. Therefore, it is difficult to perform the genetic improvement on SP trait directly in oilseed rape.展开更多
In order to understand the response of nitrate metabolism in seedlings of oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） to low oxygen stress （LOS）, two cultivars were studied at different light, LOS time and exogenous nitrate ...In order to understand the response of nitrate metabolism in seedlings of oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） to low oxygen stress （LOS）, two cultivars were studied at different light, LOS time and exogenous nitrate concentrations under hydroponic stress. Results show that N-uptake and dry matter of rape seedlings were decreased after LOS stress while nitrate accumulation （NA） under LOS was induced by darkness. Nitrate accumulation peaked at 3 d while root activity （RA, deifned as dehydrogenase activity） decreased with prolonged waterlogging exposure. Exogenous nitrate signiifcantly elevated NA and RA. Tungstate （TS） and LOS inhibited nitrate reductase （NR） activity while NR transcription and activity were enhanced by exogenous nitrate. Low oxygen stress stimulated the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） slightly, but inhibited that of catalase （CAT）. B. napus L. Zhongshuang 10 （ZS10）, a LOS tolerant cultivar, displayed smaller decrease upon dry matter under LOS, higher NA in darkness and lower NA in light than B. napus L. Ganlan CC （GAC）, a LOS sensitive variety. ZS10 had lower NA and higher RA after waterlogging and exogenous nitrate treatment, and higher NR activity under TS inhibition than GAC, but the activity of antioxidant enzymes did not change under LOS. The results indicate that nitrate metabolism involved tolerance of rape seedlings to LOS, with lower accumulation and higher reduction of nitrate being related to higher LOS tolerance of rape seedlings exposed to waterlogging.展开更多
Silique length influences seed yield in oilseed rape.It shows extensive variation in germplasm resources,and identifying the underlying genes and regulatory mechanisms would advance breeding for the trait.In the prese...Silique length influences seed yield in oilseed rape.It shows extensive variation in germplasm resources,and identifying the underlying genes and regulatory mechanisms would advance breeding for the trait.In the present study,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)using 331 core accessions planted in 10 environments revealed 13 loci associated with silique length on chromosomes A01,A04,A07,A09,and C03,explaining 6.2%–19.2%of phenotypic variance.Physiological analysis showed that silique length variation was attributable to differences in silique growth rate and/or duration before four weeks after flowering,with levels of endogenous phytohormones(auxin,ethylene,and GA24,GA12,and GA44)playing an important role.Cytological analysis showed that silique length variation was due mainly to differences in cell number followed by cell size.Transcriptomic analysis of two pools of silique walls with opposite length extremes revealed 3248 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).These DEGs were enriched in several pathways(such as cell wall,cell division,and hormone metabolism)associated with cell proliferation and expansion and silique development.Integrating GWAS,RNA-seq,and functional annotation results revealed 15 candidate genes for the major associated locus q SL.A09-3.Of these,Bna A9.ARF18 and Bna A9.CYP78 A9 were validated by haplotype analysis followed by candidate gene association.Sequence variation in the coding region of Bna A9.ARF18 and expression of Bna A9.CYP78 A9 in silique walls were strongly associated with silique length.Our results provide an explanation for the natural variation of silique length in oilseed rape germplasm and offer useful information for its improvement.展开更多
Using a three-line system of Shaan 2A cytoplasmic male sterility, a hybrid variety rapeseed, Zhongyouza 11, was developed by the combination of traditional methods and a molecular marker-assisted breeding technique. T...Using a three-line system of Shaan 2A cytoplasmic male sterility, a hybrid variety rapeseed, Zhongyouza 11, was developed by the combination of traditional methods and a molecular marker-assisted breeding technique. This hybrid variety had high grain yield, high oil content, wide adaptability, and good quality. The oil content of Zhongyouza 11 is steadily above 43% in the three ecological regions along the Yangtze River valley, which is the largest winter oilseed production area in China. The highest oil content of Zhongyouza 11 reached 46.68% in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River valley in 2003- 2004, which was the highest among all lines involved in the national regional rapeseed variety trials. In the regional yield trials in Hubei Province, the average yield of Zhongyouza 11 reached 2 853 kg ha-1 （2002-2004）, yielding more than the control variety Zhongshuang 6 by 11.34%. In the national trials, the yield of Zhongyouza 11 reached 2 405.7, 2 697.3, and 2770.2 kg ha-1 in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley, yielding more than the control varieties by 11.52, 12.9, and 14.92%, respectively, in 2003-2005. Both the high oil content and high grain yield contributed to the high oil yield of Zhongyouza 11. The oil yield of Zhongyouza 11 in the national trials reached 1 083.3, 1 210.2, and 1224.8 kg ha-1, yielding more than the controls by 29.42, 27.65, and 20.98%, respectively, in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley. The highest oil yield reached 1 369.65 kg ha-1 in the middle reach of the Yangtze River valley （2003-2004）, with an increase of 46.21% compared to the control. The experimental sites distributed widely along the Yangtze River valley, cover most of the Chinese winter rapeseed production areas. Among the 89 experimental location/ years, the yield of Zhongyouza 11 surpassed the controls at 77 location/years in the trials, indicating its wide adaptability. Zhongyouza 11 was the only one that passed the national regional trials in all three regions along the Yangtze River valley simultaneously in 2005. It is also the first rapeseed variety that contained seed oil exceeding 46% and passed the national regional trials. This study shows that heterosis prediction by the means of estimation of genetic distance between parental lines using single sequence repeat （SSR） and sequence related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） markers is an efficient way for the reduction of tedious field trials and the acceleration of breeding procedure.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Her...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Here,the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middleterm Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage,monitoring,reproduction and renewal.We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years.The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.展开更多
Injecting CO_(2)into the underground for oil displacement and shortage is an important technique for carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS).One of the main problems during the CO_(2)injection is the channeling p...Injecting CO_(2)into the underground for oil displacement and shortage is an important technique for carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS).One of the main problems during the CO_(2)injection is the channeling plugging.Finding an effective method for the gas channeling plugging is a critical issue in the CO_(2)EOR process.In this work,an acid-resistance microgel named dispersed particle gel(DPG)was characterized and its stability was tested in the CO_(2)environment.The microgel size selection strategies for the homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs were respectively investigated using the single core flooding and three parallel core flooding experiments.Moreover,the comparison of microgel alternate CO_(2)(MAC)injection and water alternate CO_(2)(WAC)injection in the dual core flooding experiments were presented for the investigation of the role of microgel on the conformance control in CO_(2)flooding process.The results have shown that the microgel featured with ANH and CAN groups can keep its morphology after aging 7 days in the CO_(2)environment.Where,the small microgel with unobstructed migration and large microgel with good plugging efficiency for the high permeability zone were respectively featured with the higher recovery factor in homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions,which indicate they are preferred used for the oil displacement and conformance control.Compared to WAC injection,MAC injection had a higher incremental recovery factor of 12.4%.It suggests the acid-resistance microgel would be a good candidate for the conformance control during CO_(2)flooding process.展开更多
The optimal process conditions for solvent-free microwave extraction(SFME)of essential oils from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves after moisture conditioning were established by response surface methodolog...The optimal process conditions for solvent-free microwave extraction(SFME)of essential oils from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves after moisture conditioning were established by response surface methodology(RSM).A Box-Behnken design(BBD)was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables:moisture content(A:54%–74%),microwave power(B:300–500 W)and microwave time(C:20–40 min),on the extraction yield of essential oil.The compounds of the essential oils obtained by SFME,hydro-distillation and microwaveassisted hydro-distillation(MADE)were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the total lipids of C.longepaniculatum fresh leaves and deciduous leaves were analyzed.The correlation analysis of the response regression model indicated that quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the extraction of essential oil.The optimal extraction condition was A:58%,B:400 W and C:28 min.In the optimal condition,the maximum extraction yield was 4.475 mL/100 g dw and higher than that by MADE.The main compound of the essential oil was eucalyptol(63.54%),and total oxygenated compounds was 78.95%,mainly caused by SFME and the metabolism of endophytic bacteria with decreasing content of phospholipids and fatty acids.Analysis of variance under the extraction condition illustrated high fitness of the model and the success of RSM for optimizing and reflecting the expected process condition.SFME combined with moisture regulation was an effective method for extracting essential oil from C.longepaniculatum deciduous leaves.展开更多
C2-carbazole isomers have been investigated in crude oils from the Hui-Liu Structure Ridge (HLSR) in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), South China Sea. The NH shielded isomer, as well as the NH partially shielded is...C2-carbazole isomers have been investigated in crude oils from the Hui-Liu Structure Ridge (HLSR) in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), South China Sea. The NH shielded isomer, as well as the NH partially shielded isomers, was detected in high abundance and the NH exposed isomers in lower abundance. A small-enrichment trend of 1,8-dimethylcarbazole (DMC) was observed in crude oils along the western part of HLSR (WPHLSR), which may indicate little effect of migration on the C2-carbazole distributions. Two strikingly different distribution patterns of NH partially shielded isomers were observed in the reservoirs along the WPHLSR: one with a preference of 1,3- and 1,6-DMCs and the other with a preference of 1,4- and 1,5-DMCs. All of the oils occurring in the Upper reservoirs have a preference of 1,3- and 1,6-DMCs, whereas those trapped in the Lower reservoirs show a preference of 1,4- and 1,5-DMCs, which may indicate there are two petroleum migration systems in the WPHLSR.展开更多
The Brassica oilseed crops went through two major breeding bottlenecks during the introgression of genes for zero erucic acid and low glucosinolate content, respectively, which may lead to reduced genetic biodiversity...The Brassica oilseed crops went through two major breeding bottlenecks during the introgression of genes for zero erucic acid and low glucosinolate content, respectively, which may lead to reduced genetic biodiversity of the crop. This study investigates the impact of these bottlenecks on the genetic diversity within and across European and Chinese winter B. rapa cultivars. We compared eight cultivars from Europe and China, representing three different seed qualities from three different breeding periods： （1） high erucic acid, high glucosinolates （＋＋）; （2） zero erucic acid, high glucosinolates（0＋）; （3） zero erucic acid, low glucosonolates （00, canola quality）. Diversity was estimated on 32 plants per cultivar, with 16 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers covering each of the B. rapa linkage groups. The analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） showed that genetic variations within cultivars, across cultivars and across regions （Europe and China） were significant, with about 60% of the total variation within cultivars. There was a slight, but non-significant loss in genetic diversity within cultivars when comparing the three breeding periods as indicated by effective number of alleles （2.39, 2.23, and 1.99 for breeding periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively）, Shannon information index （0.93, 0.90, 0.75）, and expected heterozygosity （0.51, 0.49, 0.42）. By cluster analysis （UPGMA dendrogram） and principal coordinate analysis, Chinese and European cultivars were clearly divided into two distinct groups. In conclusion, quality improvement did not significantly reduce the genetic diversity of European and Chinese B. rapa cultivars.展开更多
Soybean(Glycine max)is one of the most important economic legume crops with largest planting area,and is also an important oil crop,as well as food and feed material.Soybean-rhizobia symbiosis plays important roles in...Soybean(Glycine max)is one of the most important economic legume crops with largest planting area,and is also an important oil crop,as well as food and feed material.Soybean-rhizobia symbiosis plays important roles in plant cultivation and fertilizer application.However,there are many problems in agricultural application of soybean symbiotic nitrogen fixation.In this review,we summarized three restriction factors(host specificity,low nitrogen fixation efficiency and abiotic stress)and discussed research progresses of these factors.Clarification of host specific mechanism will help to select and apply rhizobia inoculants.Both maintaining high nitrogenase activity and delaying nodule senescence can improve the efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.Abiotic stress-tolerant rhizobia can improve the abiotic stress tolerance of soybean.Breeding stress tolerant genotypes of soybean and rhizobia,obtaining correlated genes are the common strategies to improve soybean symbiotic nitrogen fixation under extreme conditions.Regulatory mechanisms of these restriction factors are still poorly understood and needs further clarification.展开更多
To clarify the quality characters,understand the genetic diversity and screen elite lines among different oilseed sunflowers,the contents of crude fat,oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid of 525 oil...To clarify the quality characters,understand the genetic diversity and screen elite lines among different oilseed sunflowers,the contents of crude fat,oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid of 525 oil sunflowers(including 375 germplasm accessions and 150 inbred lines)were detected by near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS);the genetic variation and correlation analysis of quality traits were also performed.The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid had rich diversities with large variation ranges for each material type.Similar to the relation between crude fat content and palmitic acid content,significantly negative relation with high estimated value existed between oleic acid and linoleic acid content,while stearic acid content positively associated with oleic acid and palmitic acid content.Principal component analysis indicated that 5 quality traits were integrated into 2principal component factors(linoleic acid negative factor and palmitic acid factor)with the contribution rate of 88.191%,which could be used for evaluating sunflower quality.525 oilseed sunflowers were clustered into 3groups with obvious differences of quality characters,materials in Group I had high contents of oleic acid and low crude fat,but the opposite was found in GroupⅢ.59 superior quality accessions were obtained using large-scale and rapid near-infrared spectroscopy,and these excellent materials were verified by the traditional national chemical standard method.This research provided materials and significant reference for sunflower genetic research and quality breeding.展开更多
文摘Peanut or groundnut （ Arachis hypogaea L. ） is an important source of vegetable oil in the world. Genetic enhancement for high yield and high oil content has greatly contributed to enhanced pro-ductivity of peanut and increased supply of peanut oil. Further improving oil content and quality of peanut is still crucial for increasing productivity of arable land and market competitiveness of peanut oil. Based on investigation among the peanut germplasm accessions including wild Arachis species, the oil content could be as high as 65%. Heterosis has been observed for oil content in hybrids derived from diverse crossing parents. Segregates with enhanced oil content have been obtained by pyramiding different genes or alleles with major and minor additive effects. Improved testing techniques for oil content in breeding lines with reduced cost have accelerated breeding progress for high oil content. SSR markers associated with oil content have been identified by association and linkage analysis. The stability of oil content in peanut across seasons and locations is highly associated with cold tolerance, high nutrition efficiency and drought tolerance. Recent progress on improving fatty acids in particular marker assisted backcrossing breeding has contributed to higher quality peanut oil and other products. High oil peanut lines with im-proved resistance to aflatoxin production have been developed. The wild Arachis species would be of great value for peanut breeding in increasing oil content.
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Foundation Committee of P.R.China(31871886,31671858)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture research system(CARS-12)+2 种基金the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2019JJ40114)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China(18A108)the Major Research plan of the Changsha(kq1801016).
文摘The origin traceability of edible oil is an effective way to protect the legitimate rights and interests of producers and consumers.This review briefly summarizes research progress on origin traceability technologies for edible oils including stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry,mineral element fingerprint analysis,organic component fingerprint analysis,near-infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance technology and biochemical analysis.Moreover,the development trends in edible oil origin traceability technology were proposed.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2019CFB378)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2016YFD0501209)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2016-OCRI)
文摘Vegetable oil and derivative,as well as waste cooking oil,are important resources for microbial fermentation to produce high-value-added metabolites.Diversity of their compositions not only provides more choices for the fermentation by different microorganisms,but also is a challenge for their systematic utilization.According to the previous literature,4 main functions of vegetable oil and derivative can be summarized,such as carbon source,precursor,inducer and cell protectant during fermentation process.Currently,there is still insufficient knowledge about application of vegetable oil and derivative for high-value-added metabolite production.Therefore,this article firstly presented a comprehensive summary of compositions of vegetable oils and their derivatives,variety of corresponding microbial metabolites,limiting factors and optimization of fermentation process.
文摘Marine environmental monitoring and data platform technology plays a pivotal role in advancing marine scientific research,sustainable resource development,ecological conservation,and the effective utilization of ocean resources.Despite its growing importance in addressing global environmental and economic challenges,a comprehensive and systematic review of recent advancements in this field remains lacking.To address this gap,this paper synthesizes and analyzes academic literature published between 2021 and 2025,sourced from reputable databases including Scopus and Web of Science,while adhering to the PRISMA systematic review standards.It delineates core technologies employed in marine environmental monitoring,such as advanced sensor systems,robust data acquisition and transmission methods,and innovative data processing and analysis techniques.Furthermore,the study examines the architectural functionalities,data sharing mechanisms,and interoperability standards that underpin modern marine data platforms.The paper also addresses critical technical challenges encountered in deep-water monitoring operations,including equipment durability under extreme conditions,significant economic constraints,data management complexities,and emerging privacy and security concerns.Finally,future development trajectories are outlined,emphasizing the transformative potential of novel materials and artificial intelligence(AI)in enhancing deep-water monitoring capabilities,alongside the urgent need for strengthened global collaboration to improve data sharing protocols and management frameworks.Collectively,the continuous evolution of marine monitoring technologies promises to provide increasingly intelligent,integrated,and systematic support for global marine protection efforts and sustainable resource stewardship.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS,the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)
文摘Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) is the largest oilseed crop in China and accounts for about 20% of world production.For the last 10 years,the production,planting area,and yield of rapeseed have been stable,with improvement of seed quality and especially seed oil content.China is among the leading countries in rapeseed genomic research internationally,having jointly with other countries accomplished the whole genome sequencing of rapeseed and its two parental species,Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa.Progress on functional genomics including the identification of QTL governing important agronomic traits such as yield,seed oil content,fertility regulation,disease and insect resistance,abiotic stress,nutrition use efficiency,and pod shattering resistance has been achieved.As a consequence,molecular markers have been developed and used in breeding programs.During 2005–2014,215 rapeseed varieties were registered nationally,including 210 winter-and 5 spring-type varieties.Mechanization across the whole process of rapeseed production was investigated and operating instructions for all relevant techniques were published.Modern techniques for rapeseed field management such as high-density planting,controlled-release fertilizer,and biocontrol of disease and pests combined with precision tools such as drones have been developed and are being adopted in China.With the application of advanced breeding and production technologies,in the near future,the oil yield and quality of rapeseed varieties will be greatly increased,and more varieties with desirable traits,especially early maturation,high yield,high resistance to biotic and abiotic stress,and suitability for mechanized harvesting will be developed.Application of modern technologies on the mechanized management of rapeseed will greatly increase grower profit.
基金support from the National Natural Science Fund (50904073)the CNPC Science and Technology Innovation Fund (2008D-5006-02-06)
文摘Supercritical carbon dioxide （scCO2） microemulsion was formed by supercritical CO2, H20, sodium bis（2-ethylhexyl） sulfosuccinate （AOT, surfactant） and C2HsOH （co-surfactant） under pressures higher than 8 MPa at 45 ℃. The fundamental characteristics of the scCO2 microemulsion and the minimum miscibility pressure （MMP） with Daqing oil were investigated with a high-pressure falling sphere viscometer, a high-pressure interfacial tension meter, a PVT cell and a slim tube test. The mechanism of the scCO2 microemulsion for enhancing oil recovery is discussed. The results showed that the viscosity and density of the scCO2 microemulsion were higher than those of the scCO2 fluid at the same pressure and temperature. The results of interfacial tension and slim tube tests indicated that the MMP of the scCO2 microemulsion and crude oil was lower than that of the scCO2 and crude oil at 45 ℃. It is the combined action of viscosity, density and MMP which made the oil recovery efficiency of the scCO2 microemulsion higher than that of the scCO2 fluid.
基金supported by the Special Funding for Modern Agricultural Technical System of China (Rapeseed)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071372)
文摘China is one of the most important rapeseed producing countries in the world. Effective mechanical harvesting time for decreasing harvesting loss of winter oilseed rape has been becoming a critical factor. An elite cultivar Zhongshuang 11 （Brassica napus L.） was employed in two rounds of field experiments from 2009 to 2011. Seeds were sown with machine, three combine harvesting times namely combine harvesting A, B, and C （CHA, CHB, and CHC） were designed and manual harvesting （MH） as control was performed at maturity. The harvesting treatments were determined according to color of pod and seed in the field. Seed yield loss and quality in different treatments were evaluated. Results showed that both seed yields and harvesting losses in 2009-2010 were higher than that in 2010-2011, whereas seed oil contents in 2010-2011 were higher than that in 2009-2010. The highest yield appeared in CHB, which was significantly higher than that in MH. Furthermore, harvesting loss in CHB were 50% that in MH. Seed oil content and chlorophyll exhibited no obvious difference between CHB and MH. Economic profit analysis demonstrated that mechanical sowing/combine harvesting （MS/CH） showed an input/output ratio of 1：1.6, and it was 1：1.2 in mechanical sowing/manual harvesting （MS/MH）. Labor-cost accounted for more than 70% of the total cost in MS/MH, which led to low profitability to a great extent. Our results suggested that CHB was the optimum harvesting time for winter oilseed rape along the Yangtze River.
文摘Till now, most part of the biodiesel is produced from the refined vegetable oils using methanol as feedstock in the presence of an alkali catalyst. However, large amount of waste edible oils and grease are available. The difficulty with alkali-catalyzed esterification of these oils is that they often contain large amount of free fatty acids （FFA）, polymers and decomposition products. These free fatty acids can quickly react with the alkali catalyst to produce soaps that inhibit the separation of the ester and glycerine. An esterification and transesterification process is developed to convert the high FFA oil to its monoesters, The first step, the acidcatalyzed esterification with glycerine and these FFA reduces the FFA content of the oil and grease to less than 3%, and then an azeotropic distillation solvent is used to remove the water. The major factors affecting the conversion efficiency of the process such as glycerol to free fatty acid molar ratio, catalyst amount, reaction temperature and reaction duration are analyzed, The second step, alkali-catalyzed transesterificatiou process converts the products of the first step to its monoesters and glycerol, and then the glycerol is recycled for utilization in the first step. Technical indicators of the biodiesel product can meet the ASTM 6751 standard.
基金funded by National 863 Program,China(2002AA207160)National Natural Science Foundation of China(30330400).
文摘The QTLs of the oil content and the hull content were analyzed in Brassica napus L. by constructing the linkage map. The F2：6RIL population with 188 lines, derived from the cross of GH06 × P147, was used as the mapping population. The SRAP, SSR, AFLP, and TRAP markers were used to construct the linkage map, and the composite interval mapping （CIM） to identify the quantitative trait loci associated with the oil content and the hull content. 300 markers were integrated into 19 linkage groups, covering 1 248.5 cM in total. Seven QTLs were found to be responsible for the oil content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 3.73 to 10.46%; four QTLs were found for the hull content with the single contribution to phenotypic variance ranging from 4.89 to 6.84%. The yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. has the advantage of higher oil content and the hull content has a significant effect on the oil content. In addition, the SRAP marker is good for detecting QTL.
基金supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development program of China (Grant No. 2011AA10A104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31171589 and 31201244)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2011CB109302)the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest (Grant No. 2101203032)
文摘Oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） is one of the most important oil crops worldwide and provides about 50 percent of the vegetable oil supply in China （Yin et al., 2009）. The development of rapeseed varieties with higher yield is an effective measure to optimize balance between the supply and demand of edible vegetable oil. In oilseed rape, the number of silique per plant （SP） contributes most to the yield performance （Diepenbrock, 2000）. However, compared with the other two yield-component traits, seeds per silique （SS） and seed weight （SW）, SP is more sensitive to environmental changes （Li et al., 2007; Shi et al., 2009）. Therefore, it is difficult to perform the genetic improvement on SP trait directly in oilseed rape.
基金jointly supported by the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R.China (201010)the Cultivation Project of Guangdong Province Institute of Higher Education Talents at High Levels and the Public Welfare Industry Special Scientific Research Funds (201203032)
文摘In order to understand the response of nitrate metabolism in seedlings of oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） to low oxygen stress （LOS）, two cultivars were studied at different light, LOS time and exogenous nitrate concentrations under hydroponic stress. Results show that N-uptake and dry matter of rape seedlings were decreased after LOS stress while nitrate accumulation （NA） under LOS was induced by darkness. Nitrate accumulation peaked at 3 d while root activity （RA, deifned as dehydrogenase activity） decreased with prolonged waterlogging exposure. Exogenous nitrate signiifcantly elevated NA and RA. Tungstate （TS） and LOS inhibited nitrate reductase （NR） activity while NR transcription and activity were enhanced by exogenous nitrate. Low oxygen stress stimulated the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） slightly, but inhibited that of catalase （CAT）. B. napus L. Zhongshuang 10 （ZS10）, a LOS tolerant cultivar, displayed smaller decrease upon dry matter under LOS, higher NA in darkness and lower NA in light than B. napus L. Ganlan CC （GAC）, a LOS sensitive variety. ZS10 had lower NA and higher RA after waterlogging and exogenous nitrate treatment, and higher NR activity under TS inhibition than GAC, but the activity of antioxidant enzymes did not change under LOS. The results indicate that nitrate metabolism involved tolerance of rape seedlings to LOS, with lower accumulation and higher reduction of nitrate being related to higher LOS tolerance of rape seedlings exposed to waterlogging.
基金the Technical Innovation Project of Hubei Province(2018ABA087)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771840)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2013-OCRI)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-Profit Institute of Crop Sciences CAAS(Y2020YJ09)。
文摘Silique length influences seed yield in oilseed rape.It shows extensive variation in germplasm resources,and identifying the underlying genes and regulatory mechanisms would advance breeding for the trait.In the present study,a genome-wide association study(GWAS)using 331 core accessions planted in 10 environments revealed 13 loci associated with silique length on chromosomes A01,A04,A07,A09,and C03,explaining 6.2%–19.2%of phenotypic variance.Physiological analysis showed that silique length variation was attributable to differences in silique growth rate and/or duration before four weeks after flowering,with levels of endogenous phytohormones(auxin,ethylene,and GA24,GA12,and GA44)playing an important role.Cytological analysis showed that silique length variation was due mainly to differences in cell number followed by cell size.Transcriptomic analysis of two pools of silique walls with opposite length extremes revealed 3248 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).These DEGs were enriched in several pathways(such as cell wall,cell division,and hormone metabolism)associated with cell proliferation and expansion and silique development.Integrating GWAS,RNA-seq,and functional annotation results revealed 15 candidate genes for the major associated locus q SL.A09-3.Of these,Bna A9.ARF18 and Bna A9.CYP78 A9 were validated by haplotype analysis followed by candidate gene association.Sequence variation in the coding region of Bna A9.ARF18 and expression of Bna A9.CYP78 A9 in silique walls were strongly associated with silique length.Our results provide an explanation for the natural variation of silique length in oilseed rape germplasm and offer useful information for its improvement.
文摘Using a three-line system of Shaan 2A cytoplasmic male sterility, a hybrid variety rapeseed, Zhongyouza 11, was developed by the combination of traditional methods and a molecular marker-assisted breeding technique. This hybrid variety had high grain yield, high oil content, wide adaptability, and good quality. The oil content of Zhongyouza 11 is steadily above 43% in the three ecological regions along the Yangtze River valley, which is the largest winter oilseed production area in China. The highest oil content of Zhongyouza 11 reached 46.68% in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River valley in 2003- 2004, which was the highest among all lines involved in the national regional rapeseed variety trials. In the regional yield trials in Hubei Province, the average yield of Zhongyouza 11 reached 2 853 kg ha-1 （2002-2004）, yielding more than the control variety Zhongshuang 6 by 11.34%. In the national trials, the yield of Zhongyouza 11 reached 2 405.7, 2 697.3, and 2770.2 kg ha-1 in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley, yielding more than the control varieties by 11.52, 12.9, and 14.92%, respectively, in 2003-2005. Both the high oil content and high grain yield contributed to the high oil yield of Zhongyouza 11. The oil yield of Zhongyouza 11 in the national trials reached 1 083.3, 1 210.2, and 1224.8 kg ha-1, yielding more than the controls by 29.42, 27.65, and 20.98%, respectively, in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley. The highest oil yield reached 1 369.65 kg ha-1 in the middle reach of the Yangtze River valley （2003-2004）, with an increase of 46.21% compared to the control. The experimental sites distributed widely along the Yangtze River valley, cover most of the Chinese winter rapeseed production areas. Among the 89 experimental location/ years, the yield of Zhongyouza 11 surpassed the controls at 77 location/years in the trials, indicating its wide adaptability. Zhongyouza 11 was the only one that passed the national regional trials in all three regions along the Yangtze River valley simultaneously in 2005. It is also the first rapeseed variety that contained seed oil exceeding 46% and passed the national regional trials. This study shows that heterosis prediction by the means of estimation of genetic distance between parental lines using single sequence repeat （SSR） and sequence related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） markers is an efficient way for the reduction of tedious field trials and the acceleration of breeding procedure.
基金The National Program for Crop Germplasm Protection of China(19210163)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172006)+2 种基金The Plant Germplasm Resources Sharing Platform(NICGR2021-016)National Peanut Industry Technology System Construction(CARS-13)Central Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CAAS-OCRI-ZDRW-202101)。
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an important oil and cash crop in the world.Peanut germplasm collected in China are abundant,which provides important material guarantee for peanut breeding and industrial development.Here,the safe conservation technology and indicators of peanut germplasm resources in the Oil Crops Middleterm Genebank of China were expounded from three processes of storage,monitoring,reproduction and renewal.We summarized and reviewed the situation of conservation and utilization of peanut germplasm resources in the Middle-term Genebank in the past 20 years.The future research direction of peanut resources in the Oil Crops Middle-term Genebank of China is prospected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004305)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(2021M693497)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(2462020XKBH006)。
文摘Injecting CO_(2)into the underground for oil displacement and shortage is an important technique for carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS).One of the main problems during the CO_(2)injection is the channeling plugging.Finding an effective method for the gas channeling plugging is a critical issue in the CO_(2)EOR process.In this work,an acid-resistance microgel named dispersed particle gel(DPG)was characterized and its stability was tested in the CO_(2)environment.The microgel size selection strategies for the homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs were respectively investigated using the single core flooding and three parallel core flooding experiments.Moreover,the comparison of microgel alternate CO_(2)(MAC)injection and water alternate CO_(2)(WAC)injection in the dual core flooding experiments were presented for the investigation of the role of microgel on the conformance control in CO_(2)flooding process.The results have shown that the microgel featured with ANH and CAN groups can keep its morphology after aging 7 days in the CO_(2)environment.Where,the small microgel with unobstructed migration and large microgel with good plugging efficiency for the high permeability zone were respectively featured with the higher recovery factor in homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions,which indicate they are preferred used for the oil displacement and conformance control.Compared to WAC injection,MAC injection had a higher incremental recovery factor of 12.4%.It suggests the acid-resistance microgel would be a good candidate for the conformance control during CO_(2)flooding process.
基金supports of the Wuhan Scientific and Technical Payoffs Transformation Project(2019030703011505)Enterprise Technology Innovation and Development Projects(2021BLB151)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘The optimal process conditions for solvent-free microwave extraction(SFME)of essential oils from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves after moisture conditioning were established by response surface methodology(RSM).A Box-Behnken design(BBD)was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables:moisture content(A:54%–74%),microwave power(B:300–500 W)and microwave time(C:20–40 min),on the extraction yield of essential oil.The compounds of the essential oils obtained by SFME,hydro-distillation and microwaveassisted hydro-distillation(MADE)were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the total lipids of C.longepaniculatum fresh leaves and deciduous leaves were analyzed.The correlation analysis of the response regression model indicated that quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the extraction of essential oil.The optimal extraction condition was A:58%,B:400 W and C:28 min.In the optimal condition,the maximum extraction yield was 4.475 mL/100 g dw and higher than that by MADE.The main compound of the essential oil was eucalyptol(63.54%),and total oxygenated compounds was 78.95%,mainly caused by SFME and the metabolism of endophytic bacteria with decreasing content of phospholipids and fatty acids.Analysis of variance under the extraction condition illustrated high fitness of the model and the success of RSM for optimizing and reflecting the expected process condition.SFME combined with moisture regulation was an effective method for extracting essential oil from C.longepaniculatum deciduous leaves.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 40472081）.
文摘C2-carbazole isomers have been investigated in crude oils from the Hui-Liu Structure Ridge (HLSR) in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), South China Sea. The NH shielded isomer, as well as the NH partially shielded isomers, was detected in high abundance and the NH exposed isomers in lower abundance. A small-enrichment trend of 1,8-dimethylcarbazole (DMC) was observed in crude oils along the western part of HLSR (WPHLSR), which may indicate little effect of migration on the C2-carbazole distributions. Two strikingly different distribution patterns of NH partially shielded isomers were observed in the reservoirs along the WPHLSR: one with a preference of 1,3- and 1,6-DMCs and the other with a preference of 1,4- and 1,5-DMCs. All of the oils occurring in the Upper reservoirs have a preference of 1,3- and 1,6-DMCs, whereas those trapped in the Lower reservoirs show a preference of 1,4- and 1,5-DMCs, which may indicate there are two petroleum migration systems in the WPHLSR.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of P.R.China and the German Academic Exchange Services
文摘The Brassica oilseed crops went through two major breeding bottlenecks during the introgression of genes for zero erucic acid and low glucosinolate content, respectively, which may lead to reduced genetic biodiversity of the crop. This study investigates the impact of these bottlenecks on the genetic diversity within and across European and Chinese winter B. rapa cultivars. We compared eight cultivars from Europe and China, representing three different seed qualities from three different breeding periods： （1） high erucic acid, high glucosinolates （＋＋）; （2） zero erucic acid, high glucosinolates（0＋）; （3） zero erucic acid, low glucosonolates （00, canola quality）. Diversity was estimated on 32 plants per cultivar, with 16 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers covering each of the B. rapa linkage groups. The analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） showed that genetic variations within cultivars, across cultivars and across regions （Europe and China） were significant, with about 60% of the total variation within cultivars. There was a slight, but non-significant loss in genetic diversity within cultivars when comparing the three breeding periods as indicated by effective number of alleles （2.39, 2.23, and 1.99 for breeding periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively）, Shannon information index （0.93, 0.90, 0.75）, and expected heterozygosity （0.51, 0.49, 0.42）. By cluster analysis （UPGMA dendrogram） and principal coordinate analysis, Chinese and European cultivars were clearly divided into two distinct groups. In conclusion, quality improvement did not significantly reduce the genetic diversity of European and Chinese B. rapa cultivars.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701346)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution(1610172018001)+1 种基金National Transgenic Project of China(2016ZX08004-005)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(CAAS-ASTIP-2016OCRI)。
文摘Soybean(Glycine max)is one of the most important economic legume crops with largest planting area,and is also an important oil crop,as well as food and feed material.Soybean-rhizobia symbiosis plays important roles in plant cultivation and fertilizer application.However,there are many problems in agricultural application of soybean symbiotic nitrogen fixation.In this review,we summarized three restriction factors(host specificity,low nitrogen fixation efficiency and abiotic stress)and discussed research progresses of these factors.Clarification of host specific mechanism will help to select and apply rhizobia inoculants.Both maintaining high nitrogenase activity and delaying nodule senescence can improve the efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.Abiotic stress-tolerant rhizobia can improve the abiotic stress tolerance of soybean.Breeding stress tolerant genotypes of soybean and rhizobia,obtaining correlated genes are the common strategies to improve soybean symbiotic nitrogen fixation under extreme conditions.Regulatory mechanisms of these restriction factors are still poorly understood and needs further clarification.
基金the Project of“Accurate Identification of Sunflower Germplasm Resources(19221985)”the earmarked fund of“CARS—Specific Oilseed Crops(CARS-14)”+2 种基金the Project of“Exploration,Identification and Innovative Utilization of Excellent Germplasm Resources of Oil Crops(CAAS-OCRI-ZDRW-202101)”the Project of“Oil Crop Germplasm Resource Protection(19221888-4)”the Project of“National Science and Technology Resource Sharing Service Platform(NCGRC-2022-Special Oil Crop)”。
文摘To clarify the quality characters,understand the genetic diversity and screen elite lines among different oilseed sunflowers,the contents of crude fat,oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid of 525 oil sunflowers(including 375 germplasm accessions and 150 inbred lines)were detected by near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS);the genetic variation and correlation analysis of quality traits were also performed.The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid had rich diversities with large variation ranges for each material type.Similar to the relation between crude fat content and palmitic acid content,significantly negative relation with high estimated value existed between oleic acid and linoleic acid content,while stearic acid content positively associated with oleic acid and palmitic acid content.Principal component analysis indicated that 5 quality traits were integrated into 2principal component factors(linoleic acid negative factor and palmitic acid factor)with the contribution rate of 88.191%,which could be used for evaluating sunflower quality.525 oilseed sunflowers were clustered into 3groups with obvious differences of quality characters,materials in Group I had high contents of oleic acid and low crude fat,but the opposite was found in GroupⅢ.59 superior quality accessions were obtained using large-scale and rapid near-infrared spectroscopy,and these excellent materials were verified by the traditional national chemical standard method.This research provided materials and significant reference for sunflower genetic research and quality breeding.
