Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Method...Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Methods This study comprised two experimental phases.In phase 1,27 specific pathogenfree(SPF)grade female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into three groups:control 1,model 1,and Tuina 1 groups.Model 1 and Tuina 1 groups underwent an 8-week MTrPs modeling protocol involving blunt impact and eccentric exercise.After successful modeling,rats in Tuina 1 group received manual pressing on nodules or cord-like taut bands on the medial aspect of the left hindlimb.Pain sensitivity and tissue stiffness were evaluated via pressure pain threshold(PPT)and soft tissue tension(STT).Muscle histopathology and fibrosis were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Inflammatory factors in muscle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while immunofluorescence(IF)and Western blot(WB)were used to detect the expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagenⅢ,and TGF-β1.In phase 2,45 SPF female SD rats were randomized into five groups:control 2,model 2,Tuina 2,TGF-β1 inhibitor(TI),and Tuina+TGF-β1 agonist(Tuina+TA)groups.All groups except control 2 underwent standardized MTrPs modeling.Rats in Tuina 2 group received consistent pressing manipulation.TI group received intraperitoneal injections of oxymatrine,while Tuina+TA group received intraperitoneal injections of SRI-011381 hydrochloride followed by the same pressing protocol as Tuina 2 group.WB was used to detect the expression of collagen I,collagen III,TGF-β1,and phosphorylated-Smad3(p-Smad3)/Smad3.Results In phase 1,Tuina significantly improved PPT and STT in MTrPs of rats(P<0.01),reversed pathological damages including disorganized muscle fiber arrangement,abnormal myocyte morphology,and exacerbated fibrosis.In addition,in MTrPs of rats in model 1 group,expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)were upregulated,and all exhibited a significant downward trend after Tuina intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).This indicates that the therapeutic effects of Tuina are directly associated with reduced local inflammation and fibrosis in MTrPs.In phase 2,compared with model 2 group,rats in TI and Tuina 2 groups had decreased expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in MTrPs,alongside reduced levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6,NF-κB,and TNF-α)and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).When co-administered with TGF-β1 agonist,the therapeutic effects of Tuina were significantly attenuated,with rebounded TGF-β1 expression and p-Smad3/Smad3 in local MTrPs,and fibrosis and inflammatory responses were re-exacerbated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Tuina can effectively reduce inflammatory responses and fibrosis in MTrPs tissue,and its mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,which plays a critical role in Tuina-mediated regulation of MTrPs fibrosis.展开更多
Focusing on the reform initiatives of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College(PUMC) in medical scientific and technological innovation from perspectives of deepening the reform and...Focusing on the reform initiatives of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College(PUMC) in medical scientific and technological innovation from perspectives of deepening the reform and optimizing the ecosystem of science and technology innovation,this article summarizes the highlights of CAMS & PUMC’s efforts in safeguarding people’ s health and promoting the Healthy China 2030 strategy through scientific and technological innovation in the fields including basic research,disease prevention and treatment,and medical technology in the past ten years.These achievements embody the endeavors and responsibility of CAMS& PUMC in realizing self-reliance and self-improvement of Chinese medical science and technology and highlight its contributions to the development of medical science and technology of China.展开更多
Most lowlands in Northeast Thailand(Isaan region)are cultivated with rice and large areas are affected by salinity, which drastically limits rice production.A field experiment was conducted during the 2003 rainy seaso...Most lowlands in Northeast Thailand(Isaan region)are cultivated with rice and large areas are affected by salinity, which drastically limits rice production.A field experiment was conducted during the 2003 rainy season to explore the interactions between salinity and land management in two fields representative of two farming practices:an intensively managed plot with organic inputs and efficient water management,and one without organic matter addition.Field measurements,including pH,Eh,electrical conductivity(EC),and soil solution chemistry,were performed at three depths, with a particular focus on Fe dynamics,inside and outside saline patches. High reducing conditions appeared after flooding particularly in plots receiving organic matter and reduction processes leading to oxide reduction and to the release of Fe and,to a lesser extend,Mn to the soil solution.Oxide reduction led to the consumption of H^+ and the more the Fe reduction was,the higher the pH was,up to 6.5.Formation of hydroxy-green rust were likely to be at the origin of the pH stabilization.In the absence of organic amendments,high salinity prevented the establishment of the reduction processes and pH value remained around 4.Even under high reduction conditions,the Fe concentrations in the soil solution were below commonly observed toxic values and the amended plot had better rice production yield.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To identify active compounds in an Yinyanghuo(Herba Epimedii Brevicornus)-Xianmao(Rhizoma Curculiginis)drug pair(ECD)and investigate its efficacy on polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),and its possible mechanism...OBJECTIVE:To identify active compounds in an Yinyanghuo(Herba Epimedii Brevicornus)-Xianmao(Rhizoma Curculiginis)drug pair(ECD)and investigate its efficacy on polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),and its possible mechanism in a rat model of PCOS.METHODS:A network pharmacology approach involving a characteristic drug assessment,active compound and target prediction,PCOS gene collection as well as network analysis was employed.The ovary morphology after treatment was observed using an animal model and western blotting and real-time PCR were used to verify AKT1 as the molecular target.RESULTS:Six networks were constructed,an active compound-target network for the ECD(C-T network),a drug-target network(D-T network),a related genes network,a targets interaction network,a key genes interaction network,and a gene-pathway network.A total of 41 compounds and 261 targets were identified for the ECD,232 PCOS-related genes,31 cogenes,and 14 pathways.These pathways may be involved in the efficacy of ECD on PCOS.The proteins most involved in the signal pathways for all targets were AKT1,IL6,INSR,ESR,and GSK3B.The AKT1 target was selected for experimental verification.Based on the Western blot and real-time PCR results,the expression of AKT1 in the PCOS model varied after treatment with ECD.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that the ECD can reverse the negative morphological changes in ovarian tissue that occur in model rats of PCOS.AKT1 may be a key mediator of the observed ability of the ECD to protect against PCOS in the model rats.展开更多
There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization(MP)schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical pro...There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization(MP)schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical properties.Idealized supercell simulations are produced using the WRF model coupled with“full”Hebrew University spectral bin MP(HU-SBM),and NSSL and Thompson bulk MP(BMP)schemes.HU-SBM downdrafts are typically weaker than those of the NSSL and Thompson simulations,accompanied by less rain evaporation.HU-SBM produces more cloud ice(plates),graupel,and hail than the BMPs,yet precipitates less at the surface.The limiting mass bins(and subsequently,particle size)of rimed ice in HU-SBM and slower rimed ice fall speeds lead to smaller melting-level net rimed ice fluxes than those of the BMPs.Aggregation from plates in HU-SBM,together with snow–graupel collisions,leads to a greater snow contribution to rain than those of the BMPs.Replacing HU-SBM’s fall speeds using the formulations of the BMPs after aggregating the discrete bin values to mass mixing ratios and total number concentrations increases net rain and rimed ice fluxes.Still,they are smaller in magnitude than bulk rain,NSSL hail,and Thompson graupel net fluxes near the surface.Conversely,the melting-layer net rimed ice fluxes are reduced when the fall speeds for the NSSL and Thompson simulations are calculated using HU-SBM fall speed formulations after discretizing the bulk particle size distributions(PSDs)into spectral bins.The results highlight precipitation sensitivity to storm dynamics,fall speed,hydrometeor evolution governed by process rates,and MP PSD design.展开更多
Great progresses have been made in fundamental and clinical stem cell research in China in recent years. The official policy on stem cells, which was announced in 2015, seems as the spring of stem cell therapy in Chin...Great progresses have been made in fundamental and clinical stem cell research in China in recent years. The official policy on stem cells, which was announced in 2015, seems as the spring of stem cell therapy in China. However, the regulation, governance, and management of clinical expectations are still challenging. This review summarized the current stem cell research and development in the field, as well as its rapidly evolving commercial, regulatory and ethical environment in China. As expected, the prospects of stem cells in China look prospective.展开更多
According to the characteristics of low carbon economy and low carbon agriculture at home and abroad,and combining with actual situations of agricultural development in Xuzhou City,the necessity of developing low carb...According to the characteristics of low carbon economy and low carbon agriculture at home and abroad,and combining with actual situations of agricultural development in Xuzhou City,the necessity of developing low carbon agriculture in Xuzhou City is analyzed by the perspectives of its agricultural production conditions,agricultural modernization,comprehensive competitive power,ecological civilization and low carbon economy. Simultaneously,the feasibility of developing low carbon agriculture in the city is discussed through low carbon technology,rural land management model,agricultural input channel,agriculture-related scientific research system,agricultural research transformation mechanism and rural personnel training program to provide some references for promoting the rapid and sound development of low carbon agriculture in Xuzhou City.展开更多
We introduced basic conditions of agricultural production in Thailand, and variety improvement of major crops, including rice, cassava, rubber, and vegetable, in the hope of providing reference for agricultural produc...We introduced basic conditions of agricultural production in Thailand, and variety improvement of major crops, including rice, cassava, rubber, and vegetable, in the hope of providing reference for agricultural production and crop variety improvement in Hubei Province and even in the whole country.展开更多
In this paper, the traditional empirical coefficient method and a novel loop material analytical method presented by the authors have been compared and discussed by analyzing several practical cylindrical workpieces’...In this paper, the traditional empirical coefficient method and a novel loop material analytical method presented by the authors have been compared and discussed by analyzing several practical cylindrical workpieces’ deep drawing projects. Also, some conclusions about how to modify the traditional analyzing method of cylindrical workpieces’ deep drawing process could be concluded and the necessity of this modification could be proved.展开更多
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important parameter used in numerous applications, such as climatological and hydrological studies, as well as for water resources planning and management. There are several me...Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important parameter used in numerous applications, such as climatological and hydrological studies, as well as for water resources planning and management. There are several methods to estimate ETo, being that the FAO Penman-Monteith (EToPM) method is considered standard. This method needs many parameters (solar radiation, air temperature, humidity and wind speed), however there are still many uncovered areas, suggesting the need for methods of calculating evapotranspiration based on few meteorological elements, such as air temperature. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the ETo by Hargreaves-Samani method in the experimental watershed of the “Riacho do Papagaio” farm, in county of Sao Joao, in north-eastern Brazil, using data of 2011 and 2012. Reference evapotranspiration estimated by non-calibrated Hargreaves-Samani method (EToHS) was overestimated in all months (RMSE = 1.43 mm·d-1), mainly in months of lower evaporative demand (from May to July). Because of these tendencies, this method cannot be used in its original form to estimate ET for this region;therefore, a calibration of radiation adjustment coefficient (kRs) was performed. The calibrated Hargreaves-Samani method (EToHSc) had better performance (RMSE = 0.52 mm·d-1), being suitable for predicting ETo in this region.展开更多
The distribution of titanium,carbon and associated elements(calcium,magnesium,silicon and aluminum)in a smelting process is studied by means of a chemical equilibrium calculation method for multiphase and multicompone...The distribution of titanium,carbon and associated elements(calcium,magnesium,silicon and aluminum)in a smelting process is studied by means of a chemical equilibrium calculation method for multiphase and multicomponent systems,and verified through comparison with production results.In particular,using the coexistence theory for titanium slag structures,the influence of the AIR(anthracite to ilmenite ratio)on the distribution of such elements is analyzed.The results show that the AIR can be adjusted to achieve a selective reduction of oxides in the melt.展开更多
Metallothionein (MT) gene has an important role in the detoxification of toxic metals especially some heavy metals. Based on the published sequences of MT genes from Agaricus bisporus, Garnoderma lucidum, Taiwanofungu...Metallothionein (MT) gene has an important role in the detoxification of toxic metals especially some heavy metals. Based on the published sequences of MT genes from Agaricus bisporus, Garnoderma lucidum, Taiwanofungus camphoratus and Paxillus involutus as a type of the edible or medical mushroom in NCBI database, their molecular structures, physiological functions and evolutionary relationship were analyzed using the bioinformatics methods. Results showed that AbMT, GlMT, TcMT and PiMT genes contained complete open reading frame (ORF) and their theoretical points of the last three encoding proteins were higher than 7.0. AbMT, GlMT, TcMT and PiMT were relatively rich in random coil and extended strand, but transmembrane helices and signal peptides were not found. 4 MTs were mainly localized in cell nucleus (over 60%) and their cellular functions might have some relation to central intermediary metabolism. Multiple sequence alignment indicated relatively high identity (more than 52%) and short genetic distances (lower than 0.900) among 4 MT nucleotide sequences. Abundant genetic diversity and strong codon bias were found based on the halotype diversity, average number of nucleotide differences, nucleotide diversity, effective number of codons, codon bias index and scaled chisquare. Simultaneously, we deduced that 4 MT genes during molecular evolution were under positive selection. The present study might provide basis for further investigation of MTs molecular mechanisms and genetic laws.展开更多
On the basis of the mineralizing mechanism of froth cyclone, this paper expounds that the froth cyclone flotation process is accomplished in a limited centrifugal field. The main feature of air bubble mineralizing in ...On the basis of the mineralizing mechanism of froth cyclone, this paper expounds that the froth cyclone flotation process is accomplished in a limited centrifugal field. The main feature of air bubble mineralizing in the froth cyclone is a synthetic mineralizing process, of which the non collision mineralization of minute air bubble separated out dominates, supplemented with the collision mineralization. Moreover, this paper points out that the hydrophobic separated out and centrifugal force strengthen the selectivity of fine coal particle, accelerate the flotation speed and improve the slime recovery.展开更多
This work provides insights on waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal as potential sources of environmental toxicants. Selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) from ten U.S. commercial waterpipe...This work provides insights on waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal as potential sources of environmental toxicants. Selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) from ten U.S. commercial waterpipe tobacco filler products (before and after electric heating) and five waterpipe charcoal products (before and after burning) were investigated. The differences in quantities of HPHCs between the evaluated products appear to be affected by raw material properties and/or the manufacturing processes involved in product production. Trace metal quantities in waterpipe tobacco and charcoal products were observed after heating or burning conditions compared to unheated or unburned conditions, which could impact the environment through the generation of toxic tobacco product waste. This study demonstrates that waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal contain substantial quantities of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and trace metals (<i>i.e.</i>, selenium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel) before use and that extensive and varied changes in trace metal quantities take place as a result of heating, and more studies are needed to estimate the magnitude of the environmental impact of waterpipe tobacco use.展开更多
Addiction to nicotine, and possibly other tobacco constituents, is a major factor that contributes to the difficulties smokers face when attempting to quit smoking. Amongst the various subtypes of nicotinic acetylchol...Addiction to nicotine, and possibly other tobacco constituents, is a major factor that contributes to the difficulties smokers face when attempting to quit smoking. Amongst the various subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), the α4β2 subtype plays an important role in mediating the addiction process. The characterization of human α4β2-ligand binding interactions provides a molecular framework for understanding ligand-receptor interactions, rendering insights into mechanisms of nicotine addiction and may furnish a tool for efficiently identifying ligands that can bind the nicotine receptor. Therefore, we constructed a homology model of human α4β2 nAChR and performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the potential human α4β2-ligand binding modes for eleven compounds known to bind to this receptor. Residues V96, L97 and F151 of the α4 subunit and L111, F119 and F121 of the β2 subunit were found to be involved in hydrophobic interactions while residues S153 and W154 of the α4 subunit were involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds between the receptor and respective ligands. The homology model and its eleven ligand-bound structures will be used to develop a virtual screening program for identifying tobacco constituents that are potentially addictive.展开更多
The devastating COVID-19 pandemic over the past three years has made One Health a trending philosophy not only as a regional and national initiative but also as transboundary efforts calling for multilateral cooperati...The devastating COVID-19 pandemic over the past three years has made One Health a trending philosophy not only as a regional and national initiative but also as transboundary efforts calling for multilateral cooperations.Mwatondo et al.presented One Health Networks in a recent article published in The Lancet,calling for further promotion of the One Health approach[1].Likewise,recent studies in developing countries described the rapid adoption of One Health concepts globally and the major advances in practice of One Health in the past two decades[2-4].In this perspective,we highlight a pilot One Health program China spearheaded by the World Bank and the provincial government of Hainan.This pilot program aims to boost our awareness of preventing and combating emerging infectious diseases using the One Health approach[5].展开更多
Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines.This integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various...Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines.This integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various fields.This study explores the historical and sociological development of interdisciplinary research and maps its evolution through three distinct phases:pre-disciplinary,disciplinary,and post-disciplinary.It identifies key internal dynamics,such as disciplinary diversification,reorganization,and innovation,as primary drivers of this evolution.Additionally,this study highlights how external factors,particularly the urgency of World War II and the subsequent political and economic changes,have accelerated its advancement.The rise of interdisciplinary research has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms,promoting its integration across different educational levels.However,the inherent contradictions within interdisciplinary research present cognitive,emotional,and institutional challenges for researchers.Meanwhile,finding a balance between the breadth and depth of knowledge remains a critical challenge in interdisciplinary education.展开更多
Amphotericin B(AmB)is an amphiphilic drug commonly formulated in liposomes and administered intravenously to treat systemic fungal infections.Recent studies on the liposomal drug product have shed light on the AmB agg...Amphotericin B(AmB)is an amphiphilic drug commonly formulated in liposomes and administered intravenously to treat systemic fungal infections.Recent studies on the liposomal drug product have shed light on the AmB aggregation status in the bilayer,which heat treatment(curing)modifies.Although toxicity was found related to aggregation status-loose aggregates significantly more toxic than tight aggregates-the precise mechanism linking aggregation and toxicitywas notwell understood.This study directlymeasured drug release rate fromvarious AmB liposomal preparations made with modified curing protocols to evaluate correlations among drug aggregation state,drug release,and in vitro toxicity.UV–Vis spectroscopy of these products detected unique curing-induced changes in the UV spectral features:a∼25nm blue-shift of the main absorption peak(λ_(max))in aqueous buffer and a decrease in the OD_(346)/OD_(322) ratio upon thermal curing,reflecting tighter aggregation.In vitro release testing(IVRT)data showed,by applying and fitting first-order release kinetic models for one or two pools,that curing impacts two significant changes:a 3–5-fold drop in the overall drug release rate and a ten-fold decrease in the ratio between the loosely aggregated and the tightly aggregated,more thermodynamically stable drug pool.The kinetic data thus corroborated the trend independently deduced from the UV–Vis spectral data.The in vitro toxicity assay indicated a decreased toxicity with curing,as shown by the significantly increased concentration,causing half-maximal potassium release(TC50).The data suggest that the release of AmB requires dissociation of the tight complexes within the bilayer and that the reduced toxicity relates to this slower rate of dissociation.This study demonstrates the relationship between AmB aggregation status within the lipid bilayer and drug release(directly measured rate constants),providing a mechanistic link between aggregation status and in vitro toxicity in the liposomal formulations.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(82274676 and 82374613)Program of Hunan Provincial Natural Science(2023JJ30458).
文摘Objective To investigate whether Tuina alleviates fibrotic symptoms in myofascial trigger points(MTrPs)by regulating transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,thereby deactivating these points.Methods This study comprised two experimental phases.In phase 1,27 specific pathogenfree(SPF)grade female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomized into three groups:control 1,model 1,and Tuina 1 groups.Model 1 and Tuina 1 groups underwent an 8-week MTrPs modeling protocol involving blunt impact and eccentric exercise.After successful modeling,rats in Tuina 1 group received manual pressing on nodules or cord-like taut bands on the medial aspect of the left hindlimb.Pain sensitivity and tissue stiffness were evaluated via pressure pain threshold(PPT)and soft tissue tension(STT).Muscle histopathology and fibrosis were observed using hematoxylin and eosin(HE)and Masson staining.Inflammatory factors in muscle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),while immunofluorescence(IF)and Western blot(WB)were used to detect the expression levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagenⅢ,and TGF-β1.In phase 2,45 SPF female SD rats were randomized into five groups:control 2,model 2,Tuina 2,TGF-β1 inhibitor(TI),and Tuina+TGF-β1 agonist(Tuina+TA)groups.All groups except control 2 underwent standardized MTrPs modeling.Rats in Tuina 2 group received consistent pressing manipulation.TI group received intraperitoneal injections of oxymatrine,while Tuina+TA group received intraperitoneal injections of SRI-011381 hydrochloride followed by the same pressing protocol as Tuina 2 group.WB was used to detect the expression of collagen I,collagen III,TGF-β1,and phosphorylated-Smad3(p-Smad3)/Smad3.Results In phase 1,Tuina significantly improved PPT and STT in MTrPs of rats(P<0.01),reversed pathological damages including disorganized muscle fiber arrangement,abnormal myocyte morphology,and exacerbated fibrosis.In addition,in MTrPs of rats in model 1 group,expression levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)were upregulated,and all exhibited a significant downward trend after Tuina intervention(P<0.05 or P<0.01).This indicates that the therapeutic effects of Tuina are directly associated with reduced local inflammation and fibrosis in MTrPs.In phase 2,compared with model 2 group,rats in TI and Tuina 2 groups had decreased expression levels of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3/Smad3 in MTrPs,alongside reduced levels of inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6,NF-κB,and TNF-α)and fibrosis markers(α-SMA,collagen I,and collagen III)(P<0.05 or P<0.01).When co-administered with TGF-β1 agonist,the therapeutic effects of Tuina were significantly attenuated,with rebounded TGF-β1 expression and p-Smad3/Smad3 in local MTrPs,and fibrosis and inflammatory responses were re-exacerbated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Tuina can effectively reduce inflammatory responses and fibrosis in MTrPs tissue,and its mechanism is closely related to the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway,which plays a critical role in Tuina-mediated regulation of MTrPs fibrosis.
文摘Focusing on the reform initiatives of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College(PUMC) in medical scientific and technological innovation from perspectives of deepening the reform and optimizing the ecosystem of science and technology innovation,this article summarizes the highlights of CAMS & PUMC’s efforts in safeguarding people’ s health and promoting the Healthy China 2030 strategy through scientific and technological innovation in the fields including basic research,disease prevention and treatment,and medical technology in the past ten years.These achievements embody the endeavors and responsibility of CAMS& PUMC in realizing self-reliance and self-improvement of Chinese medical science and technology and highlight its contributions to the development of medical science and technology of China.
基金the French Ministry of Research under the ACI-FNS"ECCO-PNBC"project"Evaluation du r~■le des paramètres environnementaux et des activités bactériennes dans la dynamique du fer et du manganèse dans la rhizosphère des plantes:application aux sols de rizières"by the French Embassy in Bangkok.
文摘Most lowlands in Northeast Thailand(Isaan region)are cultivated with rice and large areas are affected by salinity, which drastically limits rice production.A field experiment was conducted during the 2003 rainy season to explore the interactions between salinity and land management in two fields representative of two farming practices:an intensively managed plot with organic inputs and efficient water management,and one without organic matter addition.Field measurements,including pH,Eh,electrical conductivity(EC),and soil solution chemistry,were performed at three depths, with a particular focus on Fe dynamics,inside and outside saline patches. High reducing conditions appeared after flooding particularly in plots receiving organic matter and reduction processes leading to oxide reduction and to the release of Fe and,to a lesser extend,Mn to the soil solution.Oxide reduction led to the consumption of H^+ and the more the Fe reduction was,the higher the pH was,up to 6.5.Formation of hydroxy-green rust were likely to be at the origin of the pH stabilization.In the absence of organic amendments,high salinity prevented the establishment of the reduction processes and pH value remained around 4.Even under high reduction conditions,the Fe concentrations in the soil solution were below commonly observed toxic values and the amended plot had better rice production yield.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province:Functional Identification and Molecular Regulation of mi R-26b-5p Associated with Premature Ovarian Failure(No.20170540373)Jinzhou Foundation for Science and Technology:Study on the Rule and Mechanism of Prescriptions for Premature Ovarian Failure Based on Network Pharmacology,China(No.16B1G35)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To identify active compounds in an Yinyanghuo(Herba Epimedii Brevicornus)-Xianmao(Rhizoma Curculiginis)drug pair(ECD)and investigate its efficacy on polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),and its possible mechanism in a rat model of PCOS.METHODS:A network pharmacology approach involving a characteristic drug assessment,active compound and target prediction,PCOS gene collection as well as network analysis was employed.The ovary morphology after treatment was observed using an animal model and western blotting and real-time PCR were used to verify AKT1 as the molecular target.RESULTS:Six networks were constructed,an active compound-target network for the ECD(C-T network),a drug-target network(D-T network),a related genes network,a targets interaction network,a key genes interaction network,and a gene-pathway network.A total of 41 compounds and 261 targets were identified for the ECD,232 PCOS-related genes,31 cogenes,and 14 pathways.These pathways may be involved in the efficacy of ECD on PCOS.The proteins most involved in the signal pathways for all targets were AKT1,IL6,INSR,ESR,and GSK3B.The AKT1 target was selected for experimental verification.Based on the Western blot and real-time PCR results,the expression of AKT1 in the PCOS model varied after treatment with ECD.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that the ECD can reverse the negative morphological changes in ovarian tissue that occur in model rats of PCOS.AKT1 may be a key mediator of the observed ability of the ECD to protect against PCOS in the model rats.
基金This research was primarily supported by a NOAA Warn-on-Forecast(WoF)grant(Grant No.NA16OAR4320115).
文摘There are more uncertainties with ice hydrometeor representations and related processes than liquid hydrometeors within microphysics parameterization(MP)schemes because of their complicated geometries and physical properties.Idealized supercell simulations are produced using the WRF model coupled with“full”Hebrew University spectral bin MP(HU-SBM),and NSSL and Thompson bulk MP(BMP)schemes.HU-SBM downdrafts are typically weaker than those of the NSSL and Thompson simulations,accompanied by less rain evaporation.HU-SBM produces more cloud ice(plates),graupel,and hail than the BMPs,yet precipitates less at the surface.The limiting mass bins(and subsequently,particle size)of rimed ice in HU-SBM and slower rimed ice fall speeds lead to smaller melting-level net rimed ice fluxes than those of the BMPs.Aggregation from plates in HU-SBM,together with snow–graupel collisions,leads to a greater snow contribution to rain than those of the BMPs.Replacing HU-SBM’s fall speeds using the formulations of the BMPs after aggregating the discrete bin values to mass mixing ratios and total number concentrations increases net rain and rimed ice fluxes.Still,they are smaller in magnitude than bulk rain,NSSL hail,and Thompson graupel net fluxes near the surface.Conversely,the melting-layer net rimed ice fluxes are reduced when the fall speeds for the NSSL and Thompson simulations are calculated using HU-SBM fall speed formulations after discretizing the bulk particle size distributions(PSDs)into spectral bins.The results highlight precipitation sensitivity to storm dynamics,fall speed,hydrometeor evolution governed by process rates,and MP PSD design.
基金Supported by the National Soft Science Research Program of China(2013GXS4B083)
文摘Great progresses have been made in fundamental and clinical stem cell research in China in recent years. The official policy on stem cells, which was announced in 2015, seems as the spring of stem cell therapy in China. However, the regulation, governance, and management of clinical expectations are still challenging. This review summarized the current stem cell research and development in the field, as well as its rapidly evolving commercial, regulatory and ethical environment in China. As expected, the prospects of stem cells in China look prospective.
基金Supported by Agricultural Sanxin Engineering Project of Jiangsu Province(SX[2011]380)
文摘According to the characteristics of low carbon economy and low carbon agriculture at home and abroad,and combining with actual situations of agricultural development in Xuzhou City,the necessity of developing low carbon agriculture in Xuzhou City is analyzed by the perspectives of its agricultural production conditions,agricultural modernization,comprehensive competitive power,ecological civilization and low carbon economy. Simultaneously,the feasibility of developing low carbon agriculture in the city is discussed through low carbon technology,rural land management model,agricultural input channel,agriculture-related scientific research system,agricultural research transformation mechanism and rural personnel training program to provide some references for promoting the rapid and sound development of low carbon agriculture in Xuzhou City.
基金Supported by 948 Project of the Ministry of Agriculture (2006-G8(4)-30) International Cooperation Project of Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘We introduced basic conditions of agricultural production in Thailand, and variety improvement of major crops, including rice, cassava, rubber, and vegetable, in the hope of providing reference for agricultural production and crop variety improvement in Hubei Province and even in the whole country.
文摘In this paper, the traditional empirical coefficient method and a novel loop material analytical method presented by the authors have been compared and discussed by analyzing several practical cylindrical workpieces’ deep drawing projects. Also, some conclusions about how to modify the traditional analyzing method of cylindrical workpieces’ deep drawing process could be concluded and the necessity of this modification could be proved.
文摘Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important parameter used in numerous applications, such as climatological and hydrological studies, as well as for water resources planning and management. There are several methods to estimate ETo, being that the FAO Penman-Monteith (EToPM) method is considered standard. This method needs many parameters (solar radiation, air temperature, humidity and wind speed), however there are still many uncovered areas, suggesting the need for methods of calculating evapotranspiration based on few meteorological elements, such as air temperature. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the ETo by Hargreaves-Samani method in the experimental watershed of the “Riacho do Papagaio” farm, in county of Sao Joao, in north-eastern Brazil, using data of 2011 and 2012. Reference evapotranspiration estimated by non-calibrated Hargreaves-Samani method (EToHS) was overestimated in all months (RMSE = 1.43 mm·d-1), mainly in months of lower evaporative demand (from May to July). Because of these tendencies, this method cannot be used in its original form to estimate ET for this region;therefore, a calibration of radiation adjustment coefficient (kRs) was performed. The calibrated Hargreaves-Samani method (EToHSc) had better performance (RMSE = 0.52 mm·d-1), being suitable for predicting ETo in this region.
基金This work was financially supported by“High-Level Youth Talent Special Support Plan”of Kunming City(C202014002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51904137)+3 种基金the Applied Basic Research Projects of Yunnan Province(2019FD044)the Open Projects of State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization(CNMRCUKF1905)the Talent Training Project of Kunming University(YJL2102)The authors are grateful to NSFC and“High-Level Talent Special Support Plan”of Kunming City(C201905002).
文摘The distribution of titanium,carbon and associated elements(calcium,magnesium,silicon and aluminum)in a smelting process is studied by means of a chemical equilibrium calculation method for multiphase and multicomponent systems,and verified through comparison with production results.In particular,using the coexistence theory for titanium slag structures,the influence of the AIR(anthracite to ilmenite ratio)on the distribution of such elements is analyzed.The results show that the AIR can be adjusted to achieve a selective reduction of oxides in the melt.
文摘Metallothionein (MT) gene has an important role in the detoxification of toxic metals especially some heavy metals. Based on the published sequences of MT genes from Agaricus bisporus, Garnoderma lucidum, Taiwanofungus camphoratus and Paxillus involutus as a type of the edible or medical mushroom in NCBI database, their molecular structures, physiological functions and evolutionary relationship were analyzed using the bioinformatics methods. Results showed that AbMT, GlMT, TcMT and PiMT genes contained complete open reading frame (ORF) and their theoretical points of the last three encoding proteins were higher than 7.0. AbMT, GlMT, TcMT and PiMT were relatively rich in random coil and extended strand, but transmembrane helices and signal peptides were not found. 4 MTs were mainly localized in cell nucleus (over 60%) and their cellular functions might have some relation to central intermediary metabolism. Multiple sequence alignment indicated relatively high identity (more than 52%) and short genetic distances (lower than 0.900) among 4 MT nucleotide sequences. Abundant genetic diversity and strong codon bias were found based on the halotype diversity, average number of nucleotide differences, nucleotide diversity, effective number of codons, codon bias index and scaled chisquare. Simultaneously, we deduced that 4 MT genes during molecular evolution were under positive selection. The present study might provide basis for further investigation of MTs molecular mechanisms and genetic laws.
文摘On the basis of the mineralizing mechanism of froth cyclone, this paper expounds that the froth cyclone flotation process is accomplished in a limited centrifugal field. The main feature of air bubble mineralizing in the froth cyclone is a synthetic mineralizing process, of which the non collision mineralization of minute air bubble separated out dominates, supplemented with the collision mineralization. Moreover, this paper points out that the hydrophobic separated out and centrifugal force strengthen the selectivity of fine coal particle, accelerate the flotation speed and improve the slime recovery.
文摘This work provides insights on waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal as potential sources of environmental toxicants. Selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) from ten U.S. commercial waterpipe tobacco filler products (before and after electric heating) and five waterpipe charcoal products (before and after burning) were investigated. The differences in quantities of HPHCs between the evaluated products appear to be affected by raw material properties and/or the manufacturing processes involved in product production. Trace metal quantities in waterpipe tobacco and charcoal products were observed after heating or burning conditions compared to unheated or unburned conditions, which could impact the environment through the generation of toxic tobacco product waste. This study demonstrates that waterpipe tobacco and waterpipe charcoal contain substantial quantities of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and trace metals (<i>i.e.</i>, selenium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel) before use and that extensive and varied changes in trace metal quantities take place as a result of heating, and more studies are needed to estimate the magnitude of the environmental impact of waterpipe tobacco use.
文摘Addiction to nicotine, and possibly other tobacco constituents, is a major factor that contributes to the difficulties smokers face when attempting to quit smoking. Amongst the various subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), the α4β2 subtype plays an important role in mediating the addiction process. The characterization of human α4β2-ligand binding interactions provides a molecular framework for understanding ligand-receptor interactions, rendering insights into mechanisms of nicotine addiction and may furnish a tool for efficiently identifying ligands that can bind the nicotine receptor. Therefore, we constructed a homology model of human α4β2 nAChR and performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the potential human α4β2-ligand binding modes for eleven compounds known to bind to this receptor. Residues V96, L97 and F151 of the α4 subunit and L111, F119 and F121 of the β2 subunit were found to be involved in hydrophobic interactions while residues S153 and W154 of the α4 subunit were involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds between the receptor and respective ligands. The homology model and its eleven ligand-bound structures will be used to develop a virtual screening program for identifying tobacco constituents that are potentially addictive.
文摘The devastating COVID-19 pandemic over the past three years has made One Health a trending philosophy not only as a regional and national initiative but also as transboundary efforts calling for multilateral cooperations.Mwatondo et al.presented One Health Networks in a recent article published in The Lancet,calling for further promotion of the One Health approach[1].Likewise,recent studies in developing countries described the rapid adoption of One Health concepts globally and the major advances in practice of One Health in the past two decades[2-4].In this perspective,we highlight a pilot One Health program China spearheaded by the World Bank and the provincial government of Hainan.This pilot program aims to boost our awareness of preventing and combating emerging infectious diseases using the One Health approach[5].
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Young Scholars(No.72304019)Peking University Health Science Center Project(No.2023YB46)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Special Purpose(No.J2124013)the ISTIC-Clarivate Joint Laboratory for Scientometrics(No.IT2319).
文摘Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines.This integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various fields.This study explores the historical and sociological development of interdisciplinary research and maps its evolution through three distinct phases:pre-disciplinary,disciplinary,and post-disciplinary.It identifies key internal dynamics,such as disciplinary diversification,reorganization,and innovation,as primary drivers of this evolution.Additionally,this study highlights how external factors,particularly the urgency of World War II and the subsequent political and economic changes,have accelerated its advancement.The rise of interdisciplinary research has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms,promoting its integration across different educational levels.However,the inherent contradictions within interdisciplinary research present cognitive,emotional,and institutional challenges for researchers.Meanwhile,finding a balance between the breadth and depth of knowledge remains a critical challenge in interdisciplinary education.
基金financially supported by the Offi ce of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, CDER at the FDA (75F40120C00055)
文摘Amphotericin B(AmB)is an amphiphilic drug commonly formulated in liposomes and administered intravenously to treat systemic fungal infections.Recent studies on the liposomal drug product have shed light on the AmB aggregation status in the bilayer,which heat treatment(curing)modifies.Although toxicity was found related to aggregation status-loose aggregates significantly more toxic than tight aggregates-the precise mechanism linking aggregation and toxicitywas notwell understood.This study directlymeasured drug release rate fromvarious AmB liposomal preparations made with modified curing protocols to evaluate correlations among drug aggregation state,drug release,and in vitro toxicity.UV–Vis spectroscopy of these products detected unique curing-induced changes in the UV spectral features:a∼25nm blue-shift of the main absorption peak(λ_(max))in aqueous buffer and a decrease in the OD_(346)/OD_(322) ratio upon thermal curing,reflecting tighter aggregation.In vitro release testing(IVRT)data showed,by applying and fitting first-order release kinetic models for one or two pools,that curing impacts two significant changes:a 3–5-fold drop in the overall drug release rate and a ten-fold decrease in the ratio between the loosely aggregated and the tightly aggregated,more thermodynamically stable drug pool.The kinetic data thus corroborated the trend independently deduced from the UV–Vis spectral data.The in vitro toxicity assay indicated a decreased toxicity with curing,as shown by the significantly increased concentration,causing half-maximal potassium release(TC50).The data suggest that the release of AmB requires dissociation of the tight complexes within the bilayer and that the reduced toxicity relates to this slower rate of dissociation.This study demonstrates the relationship between AmB aggregation status within the lipid bilayer and drug release(directly measured rate constants),providing a mechanistic link between aggregation status and in vitro toxicity in the liposomal formulations.
