The incorporation of interface passivation structures in ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)based solar cells is shown.The fabrication used an industry scalable lithography technique—nanoimprint lithography(NIL)—for a 15×...The incorporation of interface passivation structures in ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)based solar cells is shown.The fabrication used an industry scalable lithography technique—nanoimprint lithography(NIL)—for a 15×15 cm^(2)dielectric layer patterning.Devices with a NIL nanopatterned dielectric layer are benchmarked against electron-beam lithography(EBL)patterning,using rigid substrates.The NIL patterned device shows similar performance to the EBL patterned device.The impact of the lithographic processes in the rigid solar cells’performance were evaluated via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and through a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator.The device on stainless-steel showed a slightly lower performance than the rigid approach,due to additional challenges of processing steel substrates,even though scanning transmission electron microscopy did not show clear evidence of impurity diffusion.Notwithstanding,time-resolved photoluminescence results strongly suggested elemental diffusion from the flexible substrate.Nevertheless,bending tests on the stainless-steel device demonstrated the mechanical stability of the CIGS-based device.展开更多
Augmented reality head-mounted displays(AR-HMDs)enable users to see real images of the outside world and visualize virtual information generated by a computer at any time and from any location,making them useful for v...Augmented reality head-mounted displays(AR-HMDs)enable users to see real images of the outside world and visualize virtual information generated by a computer at any time and from any location,making them useful for various applications.The manufacture of AR-HMDs combines the fields of optical engineering,optical materials,optical coating,precision manufacturing,electronic science,computer science,physiology,ergonomics,etc.This paper primarily focuses on the optical engineering of AR-HMDs.Optical combiners and display devices are used to combine real-world and virtual-world objects that are visible to the human eye.In this review,existing AR-HMD optical solutions employed for optical combiners are divided into three categories:optical solutions based on macro-,micro-,and nanooptics.The physical principles,optical structure,performance parameters,and manufacturing process of different types of AR-HMD optical solutions are subsequently analyzed.Moreover,their advantages and disadvantages are investigated and evaluated.In addition,the bottlenecks and future development trends in the case of AR-HMD optical solutions are discussed.展开更多
基金InovSolarCells(PTDC/FISMAC/29696/2017)co-funded by FCT and the ERDF through COMPETE2020And by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grants agreements N°.720887(ARCIGS-M project)+2 种基金grand agreement N°.715027(Uniting PV)P.M.P.S.and P.A.F.would like to acknowledge FCT for the support of the project FCT UIDB/04730/2020This work was developed within the scope of the project i3N,UIDB/50025/2020&UIDP/50025/2020,financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC.
文摘The incorporation of interface passivation structures in ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)based solar cells is shown.The fabrication used an industry scalable lithography technique—nanoimprint lithography(NIL)—for a 15×15 cm^(2)dielectric layer patterning.Devices with a NIL nanopatterned dielectric layer are benchmarked against electron-beam lithography(EBL)patterning,using rigid substrates.The NIL patterned device shows similar performance to the EBL patterned device.The impact of the lithographic processes in the rigid solar cells’performance were evaluated via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and through a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator.The device on stainless-steel showed a slightly lower performance than the rigid approach,due to additional challenges of processing steel substrates,even though scanning transmission electron microscopy did not show clear evidence of impurity diffusion.Notwithstanding,time-resolved photoluminescence results strongly suggested elemental diffusion from the flexible substrate.Nevertheless,bending tests on the stainless-steel device demonstrated the mechanical stability of the CIGS-based device.
文摘Augmented reality head-mounted displays(AR-HMDs)enable users to see real images of the outside world and visualize virtual information generated by a computer at any time and from any location,making them useful for various applications.The manufacture of AR-HMDs combines the fields of optical engineering,optical materials,optical coating,precision manufacturing,electronic science,computer science,physiology,ergonomics,etc.This paper primarily focuses on the optical engineering of AR-HMDs.Optical combiners and display devices are used to combine real-world and virtual-world objects that are visible to the human eye.In this review,existing AR-HMD optical solutions employed for optical combiners are divided into three categories:optical solutions based on macro-,micro-,and nanooptics.The physical principles,optical structure,performance parameters,and manufacturing process of different types of AR-HMD optical solutions are subsequently analyzed.Moreover,their advantages and disadvantages are investigated and evaluated.In addition,the bottlenecks and future development trends in the case of AR-HMD optical solutions are discussed.
