Application of lime or gypsum is a common agricultural practice to ameliorate soils with low pH which prohibits crop production. Its integrated effect on soil properties in a red soil derived from Quaternary red clay ...Application of lime or gypsum is a common agricultural practice to ameliorate soils with low pH which prohibits crop production. Its integrated effect on soil properties in a red soil derived from Quaternary red clay in Southeast China is discussed in this paper. Application of gypsum in the topsoil without leaching raised soil pH and promoted the production of soil NH 4, but lime addition had a contrary effect. Generally, application of lime and/or gypsum has little effect on soil electrical properties. Gypsum had a little effect on soil exchange complex and its effect went down to 30 cm in depth. The effect of lime reached only to 5 cm below its application layer. With leaching, Ca transferred from top soil to subsoil and decreased exchangeable Al in subsoil. Gypsum application led to a sharp decrease in soil exchangeable Mg but had no effect on K.展开更多
The objective of this study was to analyze ten (10) species of edible vegetables and nine (9) fruit commonly found in Congo (Brazzaville) in order to determine their total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid ...The objective of this study was to analyze ten (10) species of edible vegetables and nine (9) fruit commonly found in Congo (Brazzaville) in order to determine their total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and their antiradical activity by the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results obtained showed that the highest TPC and TFC were found, on the one hand, in the extracts of four species of vegetables,</span><i> </i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ipomoea batatas L</span></span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</i> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(536.02 ± 0.01 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW;486.46</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">± 0.10 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucurbita pepo</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(533.60 ± 0.05 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW;303.72 ± 0 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hibiscus sabdariffa</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(421.02 ± 0.015 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW;243.49 ± 0.10 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum negrum</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(412.10 ± 0.05 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW;292.10 ± 0.14 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g of DW) and, on the other hand, in the extracts of two species of fruit, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>Chrysophyllum lacourtianum</i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (532.79 ± 0.19 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g of DW;380.55 ± 0.10 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g of DW) and seeds of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aframomum alboviolaceum</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (469.38 ± 0.28 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW;107.27 ± 0.10 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW). The lowest TPC and TFC were obtained with the extracts of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Brassica campestris</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Spinacia oleracea</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, respectively 97.78 ± 0.17 GAE mg/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW and 27.52 ± 0.10 QtE mg/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW. The extract of the</span><i> </i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Saba senegalensis</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pulp had the lowest TPC and TFC. In addition, the highest antiradical activity was observed with extracts from vegetables and fruit with high TPC and TFC. The results indicate that these vegetables and fruit could be potential sources of the phenolic compounds and the biomolecules having several biological activities. Thus, their consumption might be an alternative in the prevention of chronic diseases.展开更多
C. ambrosioides is a Congolese medicinal plant used in the treatment of several pathologies. This work was initiated to evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of C. ambrosioides...C. ambrosioides is a Congolese medicinal plant used in the treatment of several pathologies. This work was initiated to evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of C. ambrosioides. Analgesic effect was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing, the Tilk Flick test as well as the pain induced by formaldehyde. The results obtained showed that the aqueous extract significantly reduces the number of abdominal writhes (p C. ambrosioides (400 and 600 mg/kg) compared to control group (saline water). This result suggests an antipyretic effect. Chemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavones and mucilage. The presence of alkaloids and flavones could explain the analgesic and antipyretic effects attributed to this aqueous extract.展开更多
Desmodium velutinum (D. velutinum) is a plant of the family Fabaceae used in traditional Congolese medicine for the treatment of high blood pressure (HBP) or hypertension (HT). The present work evaluated the hypotensi...Desmodium velutinum (D. velutinum) is a plant of the family Fabaceae used in traditional Congolese medicine for the treatment of high blood pressure (HBP) or hypertension (HT). The present work evaluated the hypotensive activity and determined the phytochemical profile of the aqueous extract and fractions of Desmodium velutinun (Willd) D. C. (Fabaceae) in the rat. The hypotensive effect of the aqueous extract and different fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4) was evaluated at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg in normotensive rats anesthetized with 15% urethane at 1.5 g/kg, i.p. (intraperitoneally). Our results showed that the F3 fraction after administration caused a significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate which remained higher than that of the aqueous extract and fractions (F1, F2 and F4). The richness in polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as the separating capacity of the eluent used within the F3 fraction clearly justifies the beneficial effects of the latter on blood pressure and heart rate compared with the extract and fractions (F1, F2 and F4). In a second part we carried out the qualitative (thin-layer chromatography) and quantitative (total polyphenols and flavonoids determination) analysis. The chemical compounds remained dominated by the polyphenolic and flavonoid groups, the content of total polyphenols and total flavonoids meets the following increasing order: (extract, F1, F2, F3 and F4). The results obtained could certify the use of Desmodium velutinun in traditional Congolese medicine.展开更多
文摘Application of lime or gypsum is a common agricultural practice to ameliorate soils with low pH which prohibits crop production. Its integrated effect on soil properties in a red soil derived from Quaternary red clay in Southeast China is discussed in this paper. Application of gypsum in the topsoil without leaching raised soil pH and promoted the production of soil NH 4, but lime addition had a contrary effect. Generally, application of lime and/or gypsum has little effect on soil electrical properties. Gypsum had a little effect on soil exchange complex and its effect went down to 30 cm in depth. The effect of lime reached only to 5 cm below its application layer. With leaching, Ca transferred from top soil to subsoil and decreased exchangeable Al in subsoil. Gypsum application led to a sharp decrease in soil exchangeable Mg but had no effect on K.
文摘The objective of this study was to analyze ten (10) species of edible vegetables and nine (9) fruit commonly found in Congo (Brazzaville) in order to determine their total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and their antiradical activity by the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results obtained showed that the highest TPC and TFC were found, on the one hand, in the extracts of four species of vegetables,</span><i> </i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ipomoea batatas L</span></span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</i> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(536.02 ± 0.01 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW;486.46</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">± 0.10 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cucurbita pepo</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(533.60 ± 0.05 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW;303.72 ± 0 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Hibiscus sabdariffa</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(421.02 ± 0.015 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW;243.49 ± 0.10 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW), </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Solanum negrum</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(412.10 ± 0.05 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW;292.10 ± 0.14 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g of DW) and, on the other hand, in the extracts of two species of fruit, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>Chrysophyllum lacourtianum</i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (532.79 ± 0.19 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g of DW;380.55 ± 0.10 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g of DW) and seeds of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aframomum alboviolaceum</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (469.38 ± 0.28 mg of GAE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW;107.27 ± 0.10 mg of QtE/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW). The lowest TPC and TFC were obtained with the extracts of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Brassica campestris</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Spinacia oleracea</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, respectively 97.78 ± 0.17 GAE mg/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW and 27.52 ± 0.10 QtE mg/100</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g DW. The extract of the</span><i> </i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Saba senegalensis</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pulp had the lowest TPC and TFC. In addition, the highest antiradical activity was observed with extracts from vegetables and fruit with high TPC and TFC. The results indicate that these vegetables and fruit could be potential sources of the phenolic compounds and the biomolecules having several biological activities. Thus, their consumption might be an alternative in the prevention of chronic diseases.
文摘C. ambrosioides is a Congolese medicinal plant used in the treatment of several pathologies. This work was initiated to evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of C. ambrosioides. Analgesic effect was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing, the Tilk Flick test as well as the pain induced by formaldehyde. The results obtained showed that the aqueous extract significantly reduces the number of abdominal writhes (p C. ambrosioides (400 and 600 mg/kg) compared to control group (saline water). This result suggests an antipyretic effect. Chemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavones and mucilage. The presence of alkaloids and flavones could explain the analgesic and antipyretic effects attributed to this aqueous extract.
文摘Desmodium velutinum (D. velutinum) is a plant of the family Fabaceae used in traditional Congolese medicine for the treatment of high blood pressure (HBP) or hypertension (HT). The present work evaluated the hypotensive activity and determined the phytochemical profile of the aqueous extract and fractions of Desmodium velutinun (Willd) D. C. (Fabaceae) in the rat. The hypotensive effect of the aqueous extract and different fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4) was evaluated at the dose of 2.5 mg/kg in normotensive rats anesthetized with 15% urethane at 1.5 g/kg, i.p. (intraperitoneally). Our results showed that the F3 fraction after administration caused a significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate which remained higher than that of the aqueous extract and fractions (F1, F2 and F4). The richness in polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as the separating capacity of the eluent used within the F3 fraction clearly justifies the beneficial effects of the latter on blood pressure and heart rate compared with the extract and fractions (F1, F2 and F4). In a second part we carried out the qualitative (thin-layer chromatography) and quantitative (total polyphenols and flavonoids determination) analysis. The chemical compounds remained dominated by the polyphenolic and flavonoid groups, the content of total polyphenols and total flavonoids meets the following increasing order: (extract, F1, F2, F3 and F4). The results obtained could certify the use of Desmodium velutinun in traditional Congolese medicine.
