Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases leading to increased bone resorption.Preventing this inflammatory bone resorption is a major health challenge.Both diseases share immunopatho...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases leading to increased bone resorption.Preventing this inflammatory bone resorption is a major health challenge.Both diseases share immunopathogenic similarities and a common inflammatory environment.The autoimmune response or periodontal infection stimulates certain immune actors,leading in both cases to chronic inflammation that perpetuates bone resorption.Moreover,RA and periodontitis have a strong epidemiological association that could be explained by periodontal microbial dysbiosis.This dysbiosis is believed to be involved in the initiation of RA via three mechanisms.(i)The dissemination of periodontal pathogens triggers systemic inflammation.(ii)Periodontal pathogens can induce the generation of citrullinated neoepitopes,leading to the generation of anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies.(iii)Intracellular danger-associated molecular patterns accelerate local and systemic inflammation.Therefore,periodontal dysbiosis could promote or sustain bone resorption in distant inflamed joints.Interestingly,in inflammatory conditions,the existence of osteoclasts distinct from“classical osteoclasts”has recently been reported.They have proinflammatory origins and functions.Several populations of osteoclast precursors have been described in RA,such as classical monocytes,a dendritic cell subtype,and arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic macrophages.The aim of this review is to synthesize knowledge on osteoclasts and their precursors in inflammatory conditions,especially in RA and periodontitis.Special attention will be given to recent data related to RA that could be of potential value in periodontitis due to the immunopathogenic similarities between the two diseases.Improving our understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms should lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets involved in the pathological inflammatory bone resorption associated with these diseases.展开更多
The world population’s constant increase and the continuous need to ensure food safety and security are among the major challenges to be faced in the next 30 years. In addition, human diet is evolving with a decrease...The world population’s constant increase and the continuous need to ensure food safety and security are among the major challenges to be faced in the next 30 years. In addition, human diet is evolving with a decreased inclusion of proteins from animal sources. In this context, consumption of insects by humans (entomophagy) could be an alternative solution to the intake of protein derived from conventional livestock, due to the lower environmental impact of insect rearing compared to traditional farming. Furthermore, various insect species have promising nutritional profiles regarding both macro and micronutrients. Nowadays, it is recognized that about 2 billion people consume insects at a worldwide scale, with more than 2000 different species to have been reported. Since the beginning of the 2000s, mass rearing of insects for human consumption has been developing all over the world. Nevertheless edible insects are foodstuffs of animal origin and are usually consumed in their entirety, including the digestive tract, meaning that they may contain biological agents with hazardous potential (e.g. bacteria, parasites, viruses, prions, yeasts, molds, mycotoxins, histamine, and antibiotic resistance genes) and they must undergo a thorough analysis. Therefore, establishing the synthesis of the current knowledge on entomophagy and the related biological hazards is the main purpose of this review.展开更多
An extender has been developed with low-density lipoproteins （LDLs） that eliminates the microbial risks associated with the use of whole egg yolk. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of substitutin...An extender has been developed with low-density lipoproteins （LDLs） that eliminates the microbial risks associated with the use of whole egg yolk. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of substituting egg yolk with LDLs for use as an extender in sperm preservation at 4 ℃, as well as on spermatozoa motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, at two different concentrations （80×10^6 and 240× 10^6 sperm per ml） for 8 days and to evaluate glycerol toxicity in both extenders. A total of 12 ejaculates were collected from three bulls. Spermatozoa motility was examined using computer-assisted semen analysis. Plasma membrane integrity was determined using the hypo-osmotic swelling test and acrosome integrity with the fluorescein isothiocyanate-Pisum sativum agglutinin test. The semen was subsequently divided into four aliquots and diluted with Tris-egg yolk-glycerol （TEG）, Tris-egg yolk without glycerol （TE）, LDL with glycerol （LDL＋） and LDL without glycerol （LDL-）, at 80×10^6 and 240 ×10^6sperm per ml. This study showed that the LDL＋ and LDL- extenders were more effective at preserving spermatozoa motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity than TEG and TE （P〈0.05） during 8 days of incubation. After 3 days of incubation, a toxicity of glycerol was observed in TEG, whereas no significant difference was observed between LDL＋ and LDL-. We can therefore conclude that the LDL extender can be used to refrigerate semen at 4 ~C instead of TEG and TE at 80×10^6and 240×10^6 sperm per ml for elite bulls. This finding can be used to define a policy for the storage of high-quality bull semen.展开更多
Specific heat(Cp)and effective thermal conductivity(λ)of native maize starch(NS)were measured by DSC and transient heat transfer method,respectively,at different moisture contents and temperatures.The dependency of t...Specific heat(Cp)and effective thermal conductivity(λ)of native maize starch(NS)were measured by DSC and transient heat transfer method,respectively,at different moisture contents and temperatures.The dependency of temperature(T)and moisture content(W)on the two parameters were investigated.The thermophysical properties of treated starch(TS)by four hydrothermal processes(RP-HMT,IV-HMT,DV-HMT and FV-HMT)were measured and compared to native strach.Hydrothermal treatments were performed at 3 bars(133°C)for 10 min.For Cp andλmeasurements,moisture content varied for NS from 5 to 21.5%d.b.and from 8.8 to 25%d.b.,respectively,and was fixed at 6%d.b.for TS.Empirical models were developed to specific heat and effective thermal conductivity,using a multiple regression algorithm with subsequent statistical analysis.The proposed models for NS based on T and W predict Cp andλwith a mean absolute error of 3.5%and 1.3%,respectively.Large differences in specific heat were observed between TS and NS.In a temperature range of 40 to 160°C,Cp values varied from 1.964 to 2.699 for NS and 1.380 to 2.085(J.g-1.°C-1)for TS.In contrast,the conductivity of NS was almost identical to that of treated starch by FV-HMT,followed in an increasing order by those treated by DV-HMT,RP-HMT,and IV-HM processes.展开更多
The aim of this study was to develop a synthetic medium for the in vitro culture of bovine embryos, using various growth factors and cytokines （GF-CYK）： insulin-like growth factorl （IGF-Ⅰ）, insulin-like growth f...The aim of this study was to develop a synthetic medium for the in vitro culture of bovine embryos, using various growth factors and cytokines （GF-CYK）： insulin-like growth factorl （IGF-Ⅰ）, insulin-like growth factorⅡ （IGF-Ⅱ）, basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF）, leukemia inhibitory factor （LIF）, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor （GM-CSF） and transforming growth factor beta Ⅰ （TGF-β1） ＋ hyaluronan （HA） ＋ recombinant albumin （RA）. The embryos were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid （SOF） supplemented with： treatment 1 （T1）： bovine serum albumin （BSA） ＋ insulin, transferrin and selenium （ITS） （control）; or treatment 2 （T2）： GF-CYK ＋ HA ＋ RA. The blastocyst rates were not significantly different between TI and T2, at seven days post fertilization （dpf） （28.9% ± 2.4% and 31.8% ±2.2%）, and at 8 dpf （36.5% ±2.4% and 39.1% ±1.9%）, respectively （P 〉 0.05）. The total cell number （TCN） was significantly higher with T2 than that with T1 at 7 dpf（164.9 ±5.3 and 149.7 ±4.0） and 8 dpf （182.7 ±6.4 and 165.0 ±5.5） （P 〈 0.05）. The blastocyst diameter obtained with T2 was significantly greater （P 〈 0.05） than with T1 at 7 dpf （173.3 μm ±4.9 μm and 157.2μm ±4.1 μm, respectively）, however, no significant differences were observed at 8 dpf （190.3 μm 5.2 μm and 179.7 μm ± 5.3 μm, respectively）. In conclusion, the synthetic medium （T2） shows a comparable development rate to the control medium and improves the blastocyst diameter and the TCN.展开更多
This paper illustrates the benefits of a multivariable linearizing control approach applied to an industrial crystallization process. This relevant approach is declined according to two different strategies: first, a ...This paper illustrates the benefits of a multivariable linearizing control approach applied to an industrial crystallization process. This relevant approach is declined according to two different strategies: first, a setpoint tracking is proposed for the couple crystal mass/concentration, whereas a second way consists in tracking of crystal content and concentration. The controlled variables, unavailable online, are issued from an observer developed in previous works. The performance of these strategies, which application to cane sugar crystallization constitutes a real novelty, are compared with experimental data issued from a PID-controlled industrial plant. The results reveal a significant improvement of energy efficiency, leading to an economy of more than 10% of energy.展开更多
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is one of the pollutants that have a significant impact on human health. It can increase the rate of asthma crises, cause permanent lung infections and death. Predicting its concentration level...Tropospheric ozone (O3) is one of the pollutants that have a significant impact on human health. It can increase the rate of asthma crises, cause permanent lung infections and death. Predicting its concentration levels is therefore important for planning atmospheric protection strategies. The aim of this study is to predict the daily mean O3 concentration one day ahead in the Grand Casablanca area of Morocco using primary pollutants and meteorological variables. Since the available explanatory variables are multicollinear, multiple linear regressions are likely to lead to unstable models. To counteract the multicollinearity problem, we compared several alternative regression methods: 1) Continuum Regression;2) Ridge & Lasso Regressions;3) Principal component regression (PCR);4) Partial least Square regression & sparse PLS and;5) Biased Power Regression. The aim is to set up a good prediction model of the daily ozone in the Grand Casablanca area. These models are fitted on a training data set (from the years 2013 and 2014), tested on a data set (from 2015) and validated on yet another data set data (from 2015). The Lasso model showed a better performance for the prediction of ozone concentrations compared to multiple linear regression and its other alternative methods.展开更多
Wood, as a contact surface, has been used for centuries but is usually questioned because of its porosity and organic composition. It has natural antimicrobial properties and, hygienically, can stand the comparison wi...Wood, as a contact surface, has been used for centuries but is usually questioned because of its porosity and organic composition. It has natural antimicrobial properties and, hygienically, can stand the comparison with other materials such as plastic, glass and steel. In this review, we focused on potential microbe-inhibiting properties of wooden surfaces being used in hygienically important places like health institutes and food industries. This article addresses the questionable properties of untreated wood like hygroscopicity, porosity, roughness and chemical composition, and their relation to the hygienic and antimicrobial nature of this material. The other factors linked to the hygienic properties of wood, such as age, species and type of wood, have also been discussed. Our analysis of literature will create better understanding for acceptance of wood as a safety renewable resource. It also provides an outline for future research considering wood material in critical healthcare or food industries.展开更多
The study was conducted to identify Aeromonas spp.and Vibrio spp.from fresh Pangasius fish(n=153)in Cambodia and test their antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics.The samples were collected from different wet mar...The study was conducted to identify Aeromonas spp.and Vibrio spp.from fresh Pangasius fish(n=153)in Cambodia and test their antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics.The samples were collected from different wet markets of Phnom Penh city and Kampong Thom,and Siem Reap provinces.The bacteria were isolated by using selective medium and their AMR(Antimicrobial Resistance)profile was tested by API 20E technique,respectively.Susceptibility profile was determined for seven antibiotics commonly used.The Vibrio spp.(34.64%,n=53)was found to be higher than Aeromonas spp.(24.83%,n=38).Four Vibrio and four Aeromonas species were identified where V.parahaemolyticus(57%,n=30)was the highest,followed by V.cholerae(38%,n=20),V.fluvialis(3.8%,n=2)and V.aglinolyticus(1.9%,n=1),whereas A.hydrophila(47%,n=18)was the highest,followed by A.hydrophila/caviae(45%,n=17),A.sobria(5%,n=2),A.caviae(2.6%,n=1).All the species presented high multi-resistance to the tested antibiotics.The antibiotic susceptibility profile to ampicillin(74%-100%),ciprofloxacin(7%-100%),sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim(14%-100%),florfenicol(14%-100%),oxytetracycline(7%-100%),erythromycin(10%-100%)and colistin sulphate(33%-100%)was revealed resistance level in Aeromonas spp.whereas few species of Vibrio spp.resistant to ampicillin(43%-100%),ciprofloxacin(14%-100%),sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim(14%-100%),florfenicol(14%-100%),oxytetracycline(20%-100%),erythromycin(29%-100%),colistin sulphate(33%-100%)were also identified.The results revealed these Aeromonas spp.and Vibrio spp.are potentially reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes.MDR(Multidrug Resistance)was widespread among the samples isolated.That is a high-risk source of contamination since those pathogens and antimicrobials are often used.Our findings highlight that the aquatic environment and fresh Pangasius fish act as reservoirs of AMR Aeromonas spp.and Vibrio spp.which underline the need for a judicious use of antimicrobials and timely surveillance of AMR in aquaculture.Overall,the findings of our study indicated the presence of A.hydrophila,A.hydrophila/caviae,A.caviae,A.sobria,V.parahaemolyticus,V.cholerae,V.alginolyticus and V.fluvialis and high MDR.This result will allow us to identify the potential risk over circulating isolates in animal health and public health and the spread through the food chain offering supports for appropriate sanitary actions.展开更多
Objective:Port placement is a crucial pre-operative task in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery.Due to the insufflation process,the abdominal shape is deformed while the internal organs are shifted in position.T...Objective:Port placement is a crucial pre-operative task in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery.Due to the insufflation process,the abdominal shape is deformed while the internal organs are shifted in position.These changes need to be considered when determining the optimal port locations for the robotic manipulators.However,intra-operative medical image acquisition systems are not always available.In this study,we aim to estimate the shift extent of the abdominal organs in humans by measuring the changed volume and position of the abdominal organs before and after insufflation in three pigs.Methods:A 3D model of the abdomen and abdominal organs was reconstructed from 3D images of the pigs taken by an MRI scanner before and after insufflation.Position shift and shape changes of the abdominal organs after insufflation were determined.The corresponding shift in port location for the robotic manipulators was determined based on the abdominal model.Results:Organ movements as a result of insufflation ranged from 6.37±0.10 cm for the spleen,to 1.64±0.22 cm for the liver.Even a slight planar motion of the target organ(e.g.,1.33±0.06 cm,2.38±0.21 cm in X-Y plane for the left kidney)can shift the access port for the robot manipulator by about 1.6 cm on the abdominal surface.Conclusions:The target organs’motion due to insufflation is a critical factor in determining port locations in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery.展开更多
Alginate is a biopolymer that has exceptional gelling properties, which allow easy gel formation under safe and mild conditions. Consequently, it is often used to encapsulate a variety of cargos, such as cells, enzyme...Alginate is a biopolymer that has exceptional gelling properties, which allow easy gel formation under safe and mild conditions. Consequently, it is often used to encapsulate a variety of cargos, such as cells, enzymes, and lipids, and is typically employed as a model to study hydrogel-based encapsulation sys- tems. Since the first use of alginate in the encapsulation field in the 1970s, many methods have been developed to produce alginate hydrogel particles of different sizes, structures, and morphologies. This review provides an overview of the current progress in the fabrication of alginate hydrogels with vari- ous particle designs, including a discussion of dispersion techniques to pre-template alginate particles, gelation mechanisms, considerations in selecting suitable fabrication methods, and future directions.展开更多
The cellular microenvironment plays a major role in the biological functions of cells.Thus,biomaterials,especially hydrogels,which can be design to mimic the cellular microenvironment,are being increasingly used for c...The cellular microenvironment plays a major role in the biological functions of cells.Thus,biomaterials,especially hydrogels,which can be design to mimic the cellular microenvironment,are being increasingly used for cell encapsulation,delivery,and 3D culture,with the hope of controlling cell functions.Yet,much remains to be understood about the effects of cell-material interactions,and advanced synthetic strategies need to be developed to independently control the mechanical and biochemical properties of hydrogels.To address this challenge,we designed a new hyaluronic acid(HA)-based hydrogel platform using a click and bioorthogonal strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition(SPAAC)reaction.This approach facilitates the synthesis of hydrogels that are easy to synthesize and sterilize,have minimal swelling,are stable long term,and are cytocompatible.It provides bioorthogonal HA gels over an uncommonly large range of stiffness(0.5-45 kPa),all forming within 1-15 min.More importantly,our approach offers a versatile one-pot procedure to independently tune the hydrogel composition(e.g.,polymer and adhesive peptides).Using this platform,we investigate the independent effects of polymer type,stiffness,and adhesion on the secretory properties of human adipose-derived stromal cells(hASCs)and demonstrate that HA can enhance the secretion of immunomodulatory factors by hASCs.展开更多
Protein adsorption on biomaterials for bone substitution,such as calcium phosphates(CaP),evokes biological responses and shapes the interactions of biomaterials with the surrounding biological environment.Proteins ads...Protein adsorption on biomaterials for bone substitution,such as calcium phosphates(CaP),evokes biological responses and shapes the interactions of biomaterials with the surrounding biological environment.Proteins adsorb when CaP materials are combined with growth factor-rich hemoderivatives prior to implantation to achieve enhanced angiogenesis and stimulate new bone formation.However,the identification of the adsorbed proteins and their angiogenic effect on bone homeostasis remain incompletely investigated.In this study,we analyzed the adsorbed complex protein composition on CaP surfaces when using the hemoderivatives plasma,platelet lysate in plasma(PL),and washed platelet lysate proteins(wPL).We detected highly abundant,non-regenerative proteins and anti-angiogenic proteins adsorbed on CaP surfaces after incubation with PL and wPL by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry(LC–MS)proteomics.Additionally,we measured a decreased amount of adsorbed pro-angiogenic growth factors.Tube formation assays with human umbilical endothelial cells demonstrated that the CaP surfaces only stimulate an angiogenic response when kept in the hemoderivative medium but not after washing with PBS.Our results highlight the necessity to correlate biomaterial surfaces with complex adsorbed protein compositions to tailor the biomaterial surface toward an enrichment of pro-angiogenic factors.展开更多
Hydration represents the main unit operation in the industrial thermal process of dry dates.In this work,Tunisian Deglet Nour dates were hydrated experimentally at a laboratory scale by using saturated air as it is c...Hydration represents the main unit operation in the industrial thermal process of dry dates.In this work,Tunisian Deglet Nour dates were hydrated experimentally at a laboratory scale by using saturated air as it is commonly undertaken in industry.This study focuses on the modeling of this unit operation in order to control the moisture uptake phenomenon during processing.A physic-based simplified numerical model describing moisture transfer during hydration was implemented in COMSOL rMultiphysics software.The model considers the real geometry of dates instead of approaching the fruits by simplified shapes.Moisture diffusivities of two types of Deglet Nour dry dates characterized by different maturation stages were estimated.Results showed a good agreement between experimental and numerically computed values of average moisture content.Moisture profile in dates flesh was computed numerically using estimated moisture diffusivities.The numerical model proposed in this work could be therefore employed as a predictive tool to simulate and optimize the hydration operation of dates.展开更多
Large bone defects are a challenge for orthopedic surgery.Natural(bone grafts)and synthetic biomaterials have been proposed but several problems arise such as biomechanical resistance or viral/bacterial safety.The use...Large bone defects are a challenge for orthopedic surgery.Natural(bone grafts)and synthetic biomaterials have been proposed but several problems arise such as biomechanical resistance or viral/bacterial safety.The use of metallic foams could be a solution to improve mechanical resistance and promote osseointegration of large porous metal devices.Titanium cylinders have been prepared by additive manufacturing(3D printing/rapid prototyping)with a geometric or trabecular microarchitecture.They were implanted in the femoral condyles of aged ewes;the animals were left in stabling for 90 and 270 days.A double calcein labeling was done before sacrifice;bones were analyzed by histomorphometry.Neither bone volume,bone/titanium interface nor mineralization rate were influenced by the cylinder’s microarchitecture;the morphometric parameters did not significantly increase over time.Bone anchoring occurred on the margins of the cylinders and some trabeculae extended in the core of the cylinders but the amount of bone inside the cylinders remained low.The rigid titanium cylinders preserved bone cells from strains in the core of the cylinders.Additive manufacturing is an interesting tool to prepare 3D metallic scaffolds,but microarchitecture does not seem as crucial as expected and anchoring seems limited to the first millimeters of the graft.展开更多
Dermatophytes and other members of Onygenales are unique in their ability to degrade keratin,affecting hair and nails,and in the case of human hosts,causing skin infections.Subtillisins are essential proteases in kera...Dermatophytes and other members of Onygenales are unique in their ability to degrade keratin,affecting hair and nails,and in the case of human hosts,causing skin infections.Subtillisins are essential proteases in keratin assimilation,and subtilisin-like protease 1(SUB1)and SUB3-7 are specific for dermatophytes.eIF2αkinases are serine-threonine kinases that perform essential functions in response to infection,proteotoxicity,and nutrient scavenging.The relatively conserved nature of EIF2AK4 among fungi makes them potential evolutionary markers,which may contribute to a deeper understanding of der-matophyte taxonomy and evolution.This study aimed to assess the phylogeny of dermatophytes by examining the EIF2AK4 and SUB1 genes compared to the ITS gene marker.The phylogenetic trees generated from the EIF2AK4 and SUB1 genes exhibited a similar topology,which differed from that observed in the ITS tree.Our preliminary findings with a limited dataset suggest that the EIF2AK4 and SUB1 genes provide a reasonably correct reflection of the evolution of Arthrodermataceae.In addition,the study analyzed in vitro keratinolytic responses of 19 dermatophyte species using hairs of a broad range of mammals,including ancestral as well as derived species,as substrates.Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Nannizzia gypsea were the most active in degrading hair,while Trichophyton verrucosum,Trichophyton tonsurans and Epidermophyton floc-cosum showed low response.Hairs of Hyracoidea and Rodentia were most affected of all mammal hairs,while in contrast,bat hairs were difficult to degrade by nearly all tested dermatophyte species.Zoophilic species showed more activity than anthropophilic dermatophytes,but hair degradation profiles were not diagnostic for particular dermatophyte species.展开更多
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases leading to increased bone resorption.Preventing this inflammatory bone resorption is a major health challenge.Both diseases share immunopathogenic similarities and a common inflammatory environment.The autoimmune response or periodontal infection stimulates certain immune actors,leading in both cases to chronic inflammation that perpetuates bone resorption.Moreover,RA and periodontitis have a strong epidemiological association that could be explained by periodontal microbial dysbiosis.This dysbiosis is believed to be involved in the initiation of RA via three mechanisms.(i)The dissemination of periodontal pathogens triggers systemic inflammation.(ii)Periodontal pathogens can induce the generation of citrullinated neoepitopes,leading to the generation of anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies.(iii)Intracellular danger-associated molecular patterns accelerate local and systemic inflammation.Therefore,periodontal dysbiosis could promote or sustain bone resorption in distant inflamed joints.Interestingly,in inflammatory conditions,the existence of osteoclasts distinct from“classical osteoclasts”has recently been reported.They have proinflammatory origins and functions.Several populations of osteoclast precursors have been described in RA,such as classical monocytes,a dendritic cell subtype,and arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic macrophages.The aim of this review is to synthesize knowledge on osteoclasts and their precursors in inflammatory conditions,especially in RA and periodontitis.Special attention will be given to recent data related to RA that could be of potential value in periodontitis due to the immunopathogenic similarities between the two diseases.Improving our understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms should lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets involved in the pathological inflammatory bone resorption associated with these diseases.
文摘The world population’s constant increase and the continuous need to ensure food safety and security are among the major challenges to be faced in the next 30 years. In addition, human diet is evolving with a decreased inclusion of proteins from animal sources. In this context, consumption of insects by humans (entomophagy) could be an alternative solution to the intake of protein derived from conventional livestock, due to the lower environmental impact of insect rearing compared to traditional farming. Furthermore, various insect species have promising nutritional profiles regarding both macro and micronutrients. Nowadays, it is recognized that about 2 billion people consume insects at a worldwide scale, with more than 2000 different species to have been reported. Since the beginning of the 2000s, mass rearing of insects for human consumption has been developing all over the world. Nevertheless edible insects are foodstuffs of animal origin and are usually consumed in their entirety, including the digestive tract, meaning that they may contain biological agents with hazardous potential (e.g. bacteria, parasites, viruses, prions, yeasts, molds, mycotoxins, histamine, and antibiotic resistance genes) and they must undergo a thorough analysis. Therefore, establishing the synthesis of the current knowledge on entomophagy and the related biological hazards is the main purpose of this review.
文摘An extender has been developed with low-density lipoproteins （LDLs） that eliminates the microbial risks associated with the use of whole egg yolk. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of substituting egg yolk with LDLs for use as an extender in sperm preservation at 4 ℃, as well as on spermatozoa motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, at two different concentrations （80×10^6 and 240× 10^6 sperm per ml） for 8 days and to evaluate glycerol toxicity in both extenders. A total of 12 ejaculates were collected from three bulls. Spermatozoa motility was examined using computer-assisted semen analysis. Plasma membrane integrity was determined using the hypo-osmotic swelling test and acrosome integrity with the fluorescein isothiocyanate-Pisum sativum agglutinin test. The semen was subsequently divided into four aliquots and diluted with Tris-egg yolk-glycerol （TEG）, Tris-egg yolk without glycerol （TE）, LDL with glycerol （LDL＋） and LDL without glycerol （LDL-）, at 80×10^6 and 240 ×10^6sperm per ml. This study showed that the LDL＋ and LDL- extenders were more effective at preserving spermatozoa motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity than TEG and TE （P〈0.05） during 8 days of incubation. After 3 days of incubation, a toxicity of glycerol was observed in TEG, whereas no significant difference was observed between LDL＋ and LDL-. We can therefore conclude that the LDL extender can be used to refrigerate semen at 4 ~C instead of TEG and TE at 80×10^6and 240×10^6 sperm per ml for elite bulls. This finding can be used to define a policy for the storage of high-quality bull semen.
文摘Specific heat(Cp)and effective thermal conductivity(λ)of native maize starch(NS)were measured by DSC and transient heat transfer method,respectively,at different moisture contents and temperatures.The dependency of temperature(T)and moisture content(W)on the two parameters were investigated.The thermophysical properties of treated starch(TS)by four hydrothermal processes(RP-HMT,IV-HMT,DV-HMT and FV-HMT)were measured and compared to native strach.Hydrothermal treatments were performed at 3 bars(133°C)for 10 min.For Cp andλmeasurements,moisture content varied for NS from 5 to 21.5%d.b.and from 8.8 to 25%d.b.,respectively,and was fixed at 6%d.b.for TS.Empirical models were developed to specific heat and effective thermal conductivity,using a multiple regression algorithm with subsequent statistical analysis.The proposed models for NS based on T and W predict Cp andλwith a mean absolute error of 3.5%and 1.3%,respectively.Large differences in specific heat were observed between TS and NS.In a temperature range of 40 to 160°C,Cp values varied from 1.964 to 2.699 for NS and 1.380 to 2.085(J.g-1.°C-1)for TS.In contrast,the conductivity of NS was almost identical to that of treated starch by FV-HMT,followed in an increasing order by those treated by DV-HMT,RP-HMT,and IV-HM processes.
文摘The aim of this study was to develop a synthetic medium for the in vitro culture of bovine embryos, using various growth factors and cytokines （GF-CYK）： insulin-like growth factorl （IGF-Ⅰ）, insulin-like growth factorⅡ （IGF-Ⅱ）, basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF）, leukemia inhibitory factor （LIF）, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor （GM-CSF） and transforming growth factor beta Ⅰ （TGF-β1） ＋ hyaluronan （HA） ＋ recombinant albumin （RA）. The embryos were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid （SOF） supplemented with： treatment 1 （T1）： bovine serum albumin （BSA） ＋ insulin, transferrin and selenium （ITS） （control）; or treatment 2 （T2）： GF-CYK ＋ HA ＋ RA. The blastocyst rates were not significantly different between TI and T2, at seven days post fertilization （dpf） （28.9% ± 2.4% and 31.8% ±2.2%）, and at 8 dpf （36.5% ±2.4% and 39.1% ±1.9%）, respectively （P 〉 0.05）. The total cell number （TCN） was significantly higher with T2 than that with T1 at 7 dpf（164.9 ±5.3 and 149.7 ±4.0） and 8 dpf （182.7 ±6.4 and 165.0 ±5.5） （P 〈 0.05）. The blastocyst diameter obtained with T2 was significantly greater （P 〈 0.05） than with T1 at 7 dpf （173.3 μm ±4.9 μm and 157.2μm ±4.1 μm, respectively）, however, no significant differences were observed at 8 dpf （190.3 μm 5.2 μm and 179.7 μm ± 5.3 μm, respectively）. In conclusion, the synthetic medium （T2） shows a comparable development rate to the control medium and improves the blastocyst diameter and the TCN.
文摘This paper illustrates the benefits of a multivariable linearizing control approach applied to an industrial crystallization process. This relevant approach is declined according to two different strategies: first, a setpoint tracking is proposed for the couple crystal mass/concentration, whereas a second way consists in tracking of crystal content and concentration. The controlled variables, unavailable online, are issued from an observer developed in previous works. The performance of these strategies, which application to cane sugar crystallization constitutes a real novelty, are compared with experimental data issued from a PID-controlled industrial plant. The results reveal a significant improvement of energy efficiency, leading to an economy of more than 10% of energy.
文摘Tropospheric ozone (O3) is one of the pollutants that have a significant impact on human health. It can increase the rate of asthma crises, cause permanent lung infections and death. Predicting its concentration levels is therefore important for planning atmospheric protection strategies. The aim of this study is to predict the daily mean O3 concentration one day ahead in the Grand Casablanca area of Morocco using primary pollutants and meteorological variables. Since the available explanatory variables are multicollinear, multiple linear regressions are likely to lead to unstable models. To counteract the multicollinearity problem, we compared several alternative regression methods: 1) Continuum Regression;2) Ridge & Lasso Regressions;3) Principal component regression (PCR);4) Partial least Square regression & sparse PLS and;5) Biased Power Regression. The aim is to set up a good prediction model of the daily ozone in the Grand Casablanca area. These models are fitted on a training data set (from the years 2013 and 2014), tested on a data set (from 2015) and validated on yet another data set data (from 2015). The Lasso model showed a better performance for the prediction of ozone concentrations compared to multiple linear regression and its other alternative methods.
文摘Wood, as a contact surface, has been used for centuries but is usually questioned because of its porosity and organic composition. It has natural antimicrobial properties and, hygienically, can stand the comparison with other materials such as plastic, glass and steel. In this review, we focused on potential microbe-inhibiting properties of wooden surfaces being used in hygienically important places like health institutes and food industries. This article addresses the questionable properties of untreated wood like hygroscopicity, porosity, roughness and chemical composition, and their relation to the hygienic and antimicrobial nature of this material. The other factors linked to the hygienic properties of wood, such as age, species and type of wood, have also been discussed. Our analysis of literature will create better understanding for acceptance of wood as a safety renewable resource. It also provides an outline for future research considering wood material in critical healthcare or food industries.
基金supported by grants from HEIP(Higher Education Improvement Project)Project and Royal University of Agriculture.
文摘The study was conducted to identify Aeromonas spp.and Vibrio spp.from fresh Pangasius fish(n=153)in Cambodia and test their antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics.The samples were collected from different wet markets of Phnom Penh city and Kampong Thom,and Siem Reap provinces.The bacteria were isolated by using selective medium and their AMR(Antimicrobial Resistance)profile was tested by API 20E technique,respectively.Susceptibility profile was determined for seven antibiotics commonly used.The Vibrio spp.(34.64%,n=53)was found to be higher than Aeromonas spp.(24.83%,n=38).Four Vibrio and four Aeromonas species were identified where V.parahaemolyticus(57%,n=30)was the highest,followed by V.cholerae(38%,n=20),V.fluvialis(3.8%,n=2)and V.aglinolyticus(1.9%,n=1),whereas A.hydrophila(47%,n=18)was the highest,followed by A.hydrophila/caviae(45%,n=17),A.sobria(5%,n=2),A.caviae(2.6%,n=1).All the species presented high multi-resistance to the tested antibiotics.The antibiotic susceptibility profile to ampicillin(74%-100%),ciprofloxacin(7%-100%),sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim(14%-100%),florfenicol(14%-100%),oxytetracycline(7%-100%),erythromycin(10%-100%)and colistin sulphate(33%-100%)was revealed resistance level in Aeromonas spp.whereas few species of Vibrio spp.resistant to ampicillin(43%-100%),ciprofloxacin(14%-100%),sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim(14%-100%),florfenicol(14%-100%),oxytetracycline(20%-100%),erythromycin(29%-100%),colistin sulphate(33%-100%)were also identified.The results revealed these Aeromonas spp.and Vibrio spp.are potentially reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes.MDR(Multidrug Resistance)was widespread among the samples isolated.That is a high-risk source of contamination since those pathogens and antimicrobials are often used.Our findings highlight that the aquatic environment and fresh Pangasius fish act as reservoirs of AMR Aeromonas spp.and Vibrio spp.which underline the need for a judicious use of antimicrobials and timely surveillance of AMR in aquaculture.Overall,the findings of our study indicated the presence of A.hydrophila,A.hydrophila/caviae,A.caviae,A.sobria,V.parahaemolyticus,V.cholerae,V.alginolyticus and V.fluvialis and high MDR.This result will allow us to identify the potential risk over circulating isolates in animal health and public health and the spread through the food chain offering supports for appropriate sanitary actions.
文摘Objective:Port placement is a crucial pre-operative task in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery.Due to the insufflation process,the abdominal shape is deformed while the internal organs are shifted in position.These changes need to be considered when determining the optimal port locations for the robotic manipulators.However,intra-operative medical image acquisition systems are not always available.In this study,we aim to estimate the shift extent of the abdominal organs in humans by measuring the changed volume and position of the abdominal organs before and after insufflation in three pigs.Methods:A 3D model of the abdomen and abdominal organs was reconstructed from 3D images of the pigs taken by an MRI scanner before and after insufflation.Position shift and shape changes of the abdominal organs after insufflation were determined.The corresponding shift in port location for the robotic manipulators was determined based on the abdominal model.Results:Organ movements as a result of insufflation ranged from 6.37±0.10 cm for the spleen,to 1.64±0.22 cm for the liver.Even a slight planar motion of the target organ(e.g.,1.33±0.06 cm,2.38±0.21 cm in X-Y plane for the left kidney)can shift the access port for the robot manipulator by about 1.6 cm on the abdominal surface.Conclusions:The target organs’motion due to insufflation is a critical factor in determining port locations in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery.
文摘Alginate is a biopolymer that has exceptional gelling properties, which allow easy gel formation under safe and mild conditions. Consequently, it is often used to encapsulate a variety of cargos, such as cells, enzymes, and lipids, and is typically employed as a model to study hydrogel-based encapsulation sys- tems. Since the first use of alginate in the encapsulation field in the 1970s, many methods have been developed to produce alginate hydrogel particles of different sizes, structures, and morphologies. This review provides an overview of the current progress in the fabrication of alginate hydrogels with vari- ous particle designs, including a discussion of dispersion techniques to pre-template alginate particles, gelation mechanisms, considerations in selecting suitable fabrication methods, and future directions.
基金the Fondation de l’Avenir pour la Recherche Médicale Appliquée(AP-RM-18-005,CLV)the Fondation pour la Recherche M´edicale(ARF201809007012,VD)+1 种基金the Nantes Excellence Trajectory program(NExT Junior Talent 2018,VD,NexT IIP Shelby 2018,CLV)the Marie-Sklodowska Curie Actions(BABHY-CART project,GAP-846477,VD)for their financial support.
文摘The cellular microenvironment plays a major role in the biological functions of cells.Thus,biomaterials,especially hydrogels,which can be design to mimic the cellular microenvironment,are being increasingly used for cell encapsulation,delivery,and 3D culture,with the hope of controlling cell functions.Yet,much remains to be understood about the effects of cell-material interactions,and advanced synthetic strategies need to be developed to independently control the mechanical and biochemical properties of hydrogels.To address this challenge,we designed a new hyaluronic acid(HA)-based hydrogel platform using a click and bioorthogonal strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition(SPAAC)reaction.This approach facilitates the synthesis of hydrogels that are easy to synthesize and sterilize,have minimal swelling,are stable long term,and are cytocompatible.It provides bioorthogonal HA gels over an uncommonly large range of stiffness(0.5-45 kPa),all forming within 1-15 min.More importantly,our approach offers a versatile one-pot procedure to independently tune the hydrogel composition(e.g.,polymer and adhesive peptides).Using this platform,we investigate the independent effects of polymer type,stiffness,and adhesion on the secretory properties of human adipose-derived stromal cells(hASCs)and demonstrate that HA can enhance the secretion of immunomodulatory factors by hASCs.
基金financially supported by the focus group BiomaTiCS of University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz.K.J.was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF 01EO1003/01EO1503).
文摘Protein adsorption on biomaterials for bone substitution,such as calcium phosphates(CaP),evokes biological responses and shapes the interactions of biomaterials with the surrounding biological environment.Proteins adsorb when CaP materials are combined with growth factor-rich hemoderivatives prior to implantation to achieve enhanced angiogenesis and stimulate new bone formation.However,the identification of the adsorbed proteins and their angiogenic effect on bone homeostasis remain incompletely investigated.In this study,we analyzed the adsorbed complex protein composition on CaP surfaces when using the hemoderivatives plasma,platelet lysate in plasma(PL),and washed platelet lysate proteins(wPL).We detected highly abundant,non-regenerative proteins and anti-angiogenic proteins adsorbed on CaP surfaces after incubation with PL and wPL by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry(LC–MS)proteomics.Additionally,we measured a decreased amount of adsorbed pro-angiogenic growth factors.Tube formation assays with human umbilical endothelial cells demonstrated that the CaP surfaces only stimulate an angiogenic response when kept in the hemoderivative medium but not after washing with PBS.Our results highlight the necessity to correlate biomaterial surfaces with complex adsorbed protein compositions to tailor the biomaterial surface toward an enrichment of pro-angiogenic factors.
文摘Hydration represents the main unit operation in the industrial thermal process of dry dates.In this work,Tunisian Deglet Nour dates were hydrated experimentally at a laboratory scale by using saturated air as it is commonly undertaken in industry.This study focuses on the modeling of this unit operation in order to control the moisture uptake phenomenon during processing.A physic-based simplified numerical model describing moisture transfer during hydration was implemented in COMSOL rMultiphysics software.The model considers the real geometry of dates instead of approaching the fruits by simplified shapes.Moisture diffusivities of two types of Deglet Nour dry dates characterized by different maturation stages were estimated.Results showed a good agreement between experimental and numerically computed values of average moisture content.Moisture profile in dates flesh was computed numerically using estimated moisture diffusivities.The numerical model proposed in this work could be therefore employed as a predictive tool to simulate and optimize the hydration operation of dates.
基金This work was supported partially by the Walloon Region(CWALity project NEXTBONE:Convention n_1610093).This work was made possible by grants from the CHU of Angers(University hospital),project MOCONA and the French Ministry of Research.
文摘Large bone defects are a challenge for orthopedic surgery.Natural(bone grafts)and synthetic biomaterials have been proposed but several problems arise such as biomechanical resistance or viral/bacterial safety.The use of metallic foams could be a solution to improve mechanical resistance and promote osseointegration of large porous metal devices.Titanium cylinders have been prepared by additive manufacturing(3D printing/rapid prototyping)with a geometric or trabecular microarchitecture.They were implanted in the femoral condyles of aged ewes;the animals were left in stabling for 90 and 270 days.A double calcein labeling was done before sacrifice;bones were analyzed by histomorphometry.Neither bone volume,bone/titanium interface nor mineralization rate were influenced by the cylinder’s microarchitecture;the morphometric parameters did not significantly increase over time.Bone anchoring occurred on the margins of the cylinders and some trabeculae extended in the core of the cylinders but the amount of bone inside the cylinders remained low.The rigid titanium cylinders preserved bone cells from strains in the core of the cylinders.Additive manufacturing is an interesting tool to prepare 3D metallic scaffolds,but microarchitecture does not seem as crucial as expected and anchoring seems limited to the first millimeters of the graft.
基金supported by China Scholarship Council(Number 201808520089)This work was supported by the 111 Project(D20009)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFCNo.32060034)Talent Base Project of Guizhou Province,China[RCJD2018-22]High-level Innovation Talent Project of Guizhou Province(GCC[2022]036-1)Major Science and Technology Projects of China Tobacco[No.110202101048(LS-08)].
文摘Dermatophytes and other members of Onygenales are unique in their ability to degrade keratin,affecting hair and nails,and in the case of human hosts,causing skin infections.Subtillisins are essential proteases in keratin assimilation,and subtilisin-like protease 1(SUB1)and SUB3-7 are specific for dermatophytes.eIF2αkinases are serine-threonine kinases that perform essential functions in response to infection,proteotoxicity,and nutrient scavenging.The relatively conserved nature of EIF2AK4 among fungi makes them potential evolutionary markers,which may contribute to a deeper understanding of der-matophyte taxonomy and evolution.This study aimed to assess the phylogeny of dermatophytes by examining the EIF2AK4 and SUB1 genes compared to the ITS gene marker.The phylogenetic trees generated from the EIF2AK4 and SUB1 genes exhibited a similar topology,which differed from that observed in the ITS tree.Our preliminary findings with a limited dataset suggest that the EIF2AK4 and SUB1 genes provide a reasonably correct reflection of the evolution of Arthrodermataceae.In addition,the study analyzed in vitro keratinolytic responses of 19 dermatophyte species using hairs of a broad range of mammals,including ancestral as well as derived species,as substrates.Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Nannizzia gypsea were the most active in degrading hair,while Trichophyton verrucosum,Trichophyton tonsurans and Epidermophyton floc-cosum showed low response.Hairs of Hyracoidea and Rodentia were most affected of all mammal hairs,while in contrast,bat hairs were difficult to degrade by nearly all tested dermatophyte species.Zoophilic species showed more activity than anthropophilic dermatophytes,but hair degradation profiles were not diagnostic for particular dermatophyte species.
