The central nervous system (CNS) is an immune-privileged site with tightly-regulated immune responses, a concept proposed by Nobel Laureate Sir Peter Medawar in 1960. Under physiological conditions, only a few T lymph...The central nervous system (CNS) is an immune-privileged site with tightly-regulated immune responses, a concept proposed by Nobel Laureate Sir Peter Medawar in 1960. Under physiological conditions, only a few T lymphocytes conducting immunosurveillance can infiltrate the CNS.展开更多
Risk calculators have offered a viable tool for clinicians to stratify patients at risk of prostate cancer(PCa)and to mitigate the low sensitivity and specificity of screening prostate specific antigen(PSA).While init...Risk calculators have offered a viable tool for clinicians to stratify patients at risk of prostate cancer(PCa)and to mitigate the low sensitivity and specificity of screening prostate specific antigen(PSA).While initially based on clinical and demographic data,incorporation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and the validated prostate imaging reporting and data system suspicion scoring system has standardized and improved risk stratification beyond the use of PSA and patient parameters alone.Biopsy-naïve patients with lower risk profiles for harboring clinically significant PCa are often subjected to uncomfortable,invasive,and potentially unnecessary prostate biopsy procedures.Incorporating risk calculator data into prostate MRI reports can broaden the role of radiologists,improve communication with clinicians primarily managing these patients,and help guide clinical care in directing the screening,detection,and risk stratification of PCa.展开更多
The ovarian tumor microenvironment plays a critical yet is poorly understood role in the regulation of cancer cell behaviors including proliferation,migration,and response to chemotherapy treatments.Ovarian cancer is ...The ovarian tumor microenvironment plays a critical yet is poorly understood role in the regulation of cancer cell behaviors including proliferation,migration,and response to chemotherapy treatments.Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer,due to diagnosis at late stages of the disease and increased resistance to chemotherapies for recurrent disease.Understanding how the tumor microenvironment(TME)interacts with biomechanical forces to drive changes to ovarian cancer cell behaviors could elucidate novel treatment strategies for this patient population.Additionally,limitations in current preclinical models of the ovarian TME do not permit investigation of crosstalk between signaling pathways and mechanical forces.Our study focused on uncovering how strains and hyaluronic acid(HA)interact to signal through the CD44 receptor to alter ovarian cancer cell growth,migration,and response to a commonly used chemotherapy,paclitaxel.Using an advanced 3D in vitro model,we were able to identify how interactions of strain and HA as in the TME synergistically drive enhanced proliferation and migration in an ovarian tumor model line,while decreasing response to paclitaxel treatment.This study demonstrates the importance of elucidating how the mechanical forces present in the ovarian TME drive disease progression and response to treatment.展开更多
基金funded by the V Foundation Scholar Award(V2018-023)ACS-IRG(91-022-19)R21(1R21CA230475-01A1)to LZS
文摘The central nervous system (CNS) is an immune-privileged site with tightly-regulated immune responses, a concept proposed by Nobel Laureate Sir Peter Medawar in 1960. Under physiological conditions, only a few T lymphocytes conducting immunosurveillance can infiltrate the CNS.
文摘Risk calculators have offered a viable tool for clinicians to stratify patients at risk of prostate cancer(PCa)and to mitigate the low sensitivity and specificity of screening prostate specific antigen(PSA).While initially based on clinical and demographic data,incorporation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and the validated prostate imaging reporting and data system suspicion scoring system has standardized and improved risk stratification beyond the use of PSA and patient parameters alone.Biopsy-naïve patients with lower risk profiles for harboring clinically significant PCa are often subjected to uncomfortable,invasive,and potentially unnecessary prostate biopsy procedures.Incorporating risk calculator data into prostate MRI reports can broaden the role of radiologists,improve communication with clinicians primarily managing these patients,and help guide clinical care in directing the screening,detection,and risk stratification of PCa.
基金funding sources:R00-CA230202(M.K.S.L.)IMPACT Award(O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center,M.K.S.L.)the Fine Family Philanthropic Grant(M.K.S.L),UAB Blazer Fellowship(M.K.)and T32-EB023872(M.K.).
文摘The ovarian tumor microenvironment plays a critical yet is poorly understood role in the regulation of cancer cell behaviors including proliferation,migration,and response to chemotherapy treatments.Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer,due to diagnosis at late stages of the disease and increased resistance to chemotherapies for recurrent disease.Understanding how the tumor microenvironment(TME)interacts with biomechanical forces to drive changes to ovarian cancer cell behaviors could elucidate novel treatment strategies for this patient population.Additionally,limitations in current preclinical models of the ovarian TME do not permit investigation of crosstalk between signaling pathways and mechanical forces.Our study focused on uncovering how strains and hyaluronic acid(HA)interact to signal through the CD44 receptor to alter ovarian cancer cell growth,migration,and response to a commonly used chemotherapy,paclitaxel.Using an advanced 3D in vitro model,we were able to identify how interactions of strain and HA as in the TME synergistically drive enhanced proliferation and migration in an ovarian tumor model line,while decreasing response to paclitaxel treatment.This study demonstrates the importance of elucidating how the mechanical forces present in the ovarian TME drive disease progression and response to treatment.
