Cancer stem cells(CSCs)constitute a highly plastic and therapy-resistant cell subpopulation within tumors that drives tumor initiation,progression,metastasis,and relapse.Their ability to evade conventional treatments,...Cancer stem cells(CSCs)constitute a highly plastic and therapy-resistant cell subpopulation within tumors that drives tumor initiation,progression,metastasis,and relapse.Their ability to evade conventional treatments,adapt to metabolic stress,and interact with the tumor microenvironment makes them critical targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.Recent advances in single-cell sequencing,spatial transcriptomics,and multiomics integration have significantly improved our understanding of CSC heterogeneity and metabolic adaptability.Metabolic plasticity allows CSCs to switch between glycolysis,oxidative phosphorylation,and alternative fuel sources such as glutamine and fatty acids,enabling them to survive under diverse environmental conditions.Moreover,interactions with stromal cells,immune components,and vascular endothelial cells facilitate metabolic symbiosis,further promoting CSC survival and drug resistance.Despite substantial progress,major hurdles remain,including the lack of universally reliable CSC biomarkers and the challenge of targeting CSCs without affecting normal stem cells.The development of 3D organoid models,CRISPR-based functional screens,and AI-driven multiomics analysis is paving the way for precision-targeted CSC therapies.Emerging strategies such as dual metabolic inhibition,synthetic biology-based interventions,and immune-based approaches hold promise for overcoming CSC-mediated therapy resistance.Moving forward,an integrative approach combining metabolic reprogramming,immunomodulation,and targeted inhibition of CSC vulnerabilities is essential for developing effective CSC-directed therapies.This review discusses the latest advancements in CSC biology,highlights key challenges,and explores future perspectives on translating these findings into clinical applications.展开更多
Gd2O3nanoparticles were synthesized from the commercial bulk Gd2O3 powders via a simple electrochemical method. The synthesized powders were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron mi...Gd2O3nanoparticles were synthesized from the commercial bulk Gd2O3 powders via a simple electrochemical method. The synthesized powders were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. The effects of solution p H on the morphological features of the sample were studied. The strategy developed in this study offers significant advantages for the synthesis of Gd2O3 nanoparticles from the bulk Gd2O3 powders compared with the conventional routes. From SEM observations, the size of the Gd2O3 nanoparticles is estimated to be significantly smaller than70 nm.展开更多
Mass attenuation coefficient(μ_m) for polyethylene glycol(PEG) of different molecular weights was determined by using NaI(Tl) scintillator and Win Xcom mixture rule at gamma energies of 59.5, 302.9, 356.0, 661.7, 117...Mass attenuation coefficient(μ_m) for polyethylene glycol(PEG) of different molecular weights was determined by using NaI(Tl) scintillator and Win Xcom mixture rule at gamma energies of 59.5, 302.9, 356.0, 661.7, 1173.2 and 1332.5 keV. The total atomic, molecular and electronic cross sections, half-value layer, effective atomic and electron numbers, mass energy-absorption coefficients and kerma relative to air are calculated. The energy and compositional dependence of μ_m values, and the related radiation absorption parameters, are evaluated and discussed. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical ones, within an uncertainty of 1% in the effective atomic number for all PEG samples at the designated energies.展开更多
We demonstrate that the methodology of frequency-resolved optical gating(FROG) is applicable to time-resolved reflection spectroscopy of a plasma mirror in the vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV) region. Our recent study [R. Itak...We demonstrate that the methodology of frequency-resolved optical gating(FROG) is applicable to time-resolved reflection spectroscopy of a plasma mirror in the vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV) region. Our recent study [R. Itakura et al. Opt. Express 23, 10914(2015)] has shown that a VUV waveform can be retrieved from a VUV reflection spectrogram of a plasma mirror formed on a fused silica(FS) surface by irradiation with an intense femtosecond laser pulse. Simultaneously, the increase in the reflectivity with respect to the Fresnel reflection of the unexcited FS surface can be obtained as a time-dependent reflectivity of the plasma mirror. In this study, we update the FROG analysis procedure using the least-square generalized projections algorithm. This procedure can reach convergence much faster than the previous one and has no aliasing problem. It is demonstrated that a significantly chirped VUV pulse as long as 1 ps can be precisely characterized.展开更多
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(RS-2023-00207904)supported by the Global-Learning&Academic Research Institution for Master’s·PhD students and the Postdocs(LAMP)Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Ministry of Education(No.RS-2023—00301938).
文摘Cancer stem cells(CSCs)constitute a highly plastic and therapy-resistant cell subpopulation within tumors that drives tumor initiation,progression,metastasis,and relapse.Their ability to evade conventional treatments,adapt to metabolic stress,and interact with the tumor microenvironment makes them critical targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.Recent advances in single-cell sequencing,spatial transcriptomics,and multiomics integration have significantly improved our understanding of CSC heterogeneity and metabolic adaptability.Metabolic plasticity allows CSCs to switch between glycolysis,oxidative phosphorylation,and alternative fuel sources such as glutamine and fatty acids,enabling them to survive under diverse environmental conditions.Moreover,interactions with stromal cells,immune components,and vascular endothelial cells facilitate metabolic symbiosis,further promoting CSC survival and drug resistance.Despite substantial progress,major hurdles remain,including the lack of universally reliable CSC biomarkers and the challenge of targeting CSCs without affecting normal stem cells.The development of 3D organoid models,CRISPR-based functional screens,and AI-driven multiomics analysis is paving the way for precision-targeted CSC therapies.Emerging strategies such as dual metabolic inhibition,synthetic biology-based interventions,and immune-based approaches hold promise for overcoming CSC-mediated therapy resistance.Moving forward,an integrative approach combining metabolic reprogramming,immunomodulation,and targeted inhibition of CSC vulnerabilities is essential for developing effective CSC-directed therapies.This review discusses the latest advancements in CSC biology,highlights key challenges,and explores future perspectives on translating these findings into clinical applications.
基金financially supported by the Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute of Iran
文摘Gd2O3nanoparticles were synthesized from the commercial bulk Gd2O3 powders via a simple electrochemical method. The synthesized powders were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. The effects of solution p H on the morphological features of the sample were studied. The strategy developed in this study offers significant advantages for the synthesis of Gd2O3 nanoparticles from the bulk Gd2O3 powders compared with the conventional routes. From SEM observations, the size of the Gd2O3 nanoparticles is estimated to be significantly smaller than70 nm.
基金Deanship of Scientific Research at Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University for the grant and financial assistance to accomplish this work
文摘Mass attenuation coefficient(μ_m) for polyethylene glycol(PEG) of different molecular weights was determined by using NaI(Tl) scintillator and Win Xcom mixture rule at gamma energies of 59.5, 302.9, 356.0, 661.7, 1173.2 and 1332.5 keV. The total atomic, molecular and electronic cross sections, half-value layer, effective atomic and electron numbers, mass energy-absorption coefficients and kerma relative to air are calculated. The energy and compositional dependence of μ_m values, and the related radiation absorption parameters, are evaluated and discussed. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical ones, within an uncertainty of 1% in the effective atomic number for all PEG samples at the designated energies.
基金partly supported by the Consortium for Photon Science and Technology programmed by MEXT of JapanJSPS KAKENHI(Grant No.26288013)the Joint Usage/Research Program on Zero-Emission Energy Research,Institute of Advanced Energy,Kyoto University(Grant No.ZE26B-27)
文摘We demonstrate that the methodology of frequency-resolved optical gating(FROG) is applicable to time-resolved reflection spectroscopy of a plasma mirror in the vacuum-ultraviolet(VUV) region. Our recent study [R. Itakura et al. Opt. Express 23, 10914(2015)] has shown that a VUV waveform can be retrieved from a VUV reflection spectrogram of a plasma mirror formed on a fused silica(FS) surface by irradiation with an intense femtosecond laser pulse. Simultaneously, the increase in the reflectivity with respect to the Fresnel reflection of the unexcited FS surface can be obtained as a time-dependent reflectivity of the plasma mirror. In this study, we update the FROG analysis procedure using the least-square generalized projections algorithm. This procedure can reach convergence much faster than the previous one and has no aliasing problem. It is demonstrated that a significantly chirped VUV pulse as long as 1 ps can be precisely characterized.
