Accurate knowledge of the actual nutritional value of individual feed ingredients and complete diets is critical for efficient and sustainable animal production.For this reason,feed evaluation has always been in the f...Accurate knowledge of the actual nutritional value of individual feed ingredients and complete diets is critical for efficient and sustainable animal production.For this reason,feed evaluation has always been in the forefront of nutritional research.Feed evaluation for poultry involves several approaches that include chemical analysis,table values,prediction equations,near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy,in vivo data and in vitro digestion techniques.Among these,the use of animals(in vivo)is the most valuable to gain information on nutrient utilization and is more predictive of bird performance.However,in vivo methods are expensive,laborious and time-consuming.It is therefore important to establish in vitro methods that are reliable,rapid and practical to assess the nutritional quality of feed ingredients or complete diets.Accuracy of the technique is crucial,as poor prediction will have a negative impact on bird performance and,increase feed cost and environmental issues.In this review,the relevance and importance of feed evaluation in poultry nutrition will be highlighted and the various approaches to evaluate the feed value of feed ingredients or complete diets will be discussed.Trends in and practical limitations encountered in feed evaluation science,with emphasis on in vitro digestion techniques,will be discussed.展开更多
Endophytic microbes have attracted considerable attention as a completely new source of pharmaceuticals in recent years.An endophytic Fusarium tricinctum was isolated from Rhododendron tomentosum,a shrub that is found...Endophytic microbes have attracted considerable attention as a completely new source of pharmaceuticals in recent years.An endophytic Fusarium tricinctum was isolated from Rhododendron tomentosum,a shrub that is found widely across the northern hemisphere.The endophytic F.tricinctum produced antimicrobial compounds that were active against Staphylococcus carnosus,Candida albicans and C.utilis.The transcriptome of the F.tricinctum was sequenced,and a total of 12,006 contigs were assembled,having an N50 value of 1390 bp.Analysis of the transcriptomic PD library of F.tricinctum yielded an antimicrobial peptide named Trtesin.The expression of Trtesin transcripts was>1000 fold in the mRNA library originating from PDB-grown fungi exhibiting high antimicrobial activity compared to FG4-grown fungi with no antimicrobial activity.Trtesin was cloned,expressed,and purified in pET32(a),and it consisted of 52 amino acids with 6 cysteine molecules.The molecular weight of Trtesin is 6138.92 Da.An additional N-terminal sequencing was done to confirm the intact peptide,as well as to check the correct amino acid sequence.The MIC of Trtesin was determined against several bacteria as 64μg/mL,and peptide showed a mild activity against F.oxysporum in agar diffusion assay,as a zone of inhibition of 10 mm was formed at 100μg of peptide.展开更多
文摘Accurate knowledge of the actual nutritional value of individual feed ingredients and complete diets is critical for efficient and sustainable animal production.For this reason,feed evaluation has always been in the forefront of nutritional research.Feed evaluation for poultry involves several approaches that include chemical analysis,table values,prediction equations,near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy,in vivo data and in vitro digestion techniques.Among these,the use of animals(in vivo)is the most valuable to gain information on nutrient utilization and is more predictive of bird performance.However,in vivo methods are expensive,laborious and time-consuming.It is therefore important to establish in vitro methods that are reliable,rapid and practical to assess the nutritional quality of feed ingredients or complete diets.Accuracy of the technique is crucial,as poor prediction will have a negative impact on bird performance and,increase feed cost and environmental issues.In this review,the relevance and importance of feed evaluation in poultry nutrition will be highlighted and the various approaches to evaluate the feed value of feed ingredients or complete diets will be discussed.Trends in and practical limitations encountered in feed evaluation science,with emphasis on in vitro digestion techniques,will be discussed.
基金the funding received from the European Union projects(PIAP-GA-2008-218191 and PIIF-GA-2008-220253).
文摘Endophytic microbes have attracted considerable attention as a completely new source of pharmaceuticals in recent years.An endophytic Fusarium tricinctum was isolated from Rhododendron tomentosum,a shrub that is found widely across the northern hemisphere.The endophytic F.tricinctum produced antimicrobial compounds that were active against Staphylococcus carnosus,Candida albicans and C.utilis.The transcriptome of the F.tricinctum was sequenced,and a total of 12,006 contigs were assembled,having an N50 value of 1390 bp.Analysis of the transcriptomic PD library of F.tricinctum yielded an antimicrobial peptide named Trtesin.The expression of Trtesin transcripts was>1000 fold in the mRNA library originating from PDB-grown fungi exhibiting high antimicrobial activity compared to FG4-grown fungi with no antimicrobial activity.Trtesin was cloned,expressed,and purified in pET32(a),and it consisted of 52 amino acids with 6 cysteine molecules.The molecular weight of Trtesin is 6138.92 Da.An additional N-terminal sequencing was done to confirm the intact peptide,as well as to check the correct amino acid sequence.The MIC of Trtesin was determined against several bacteria as 64μg/mL,and peptide showed a mild activity against F.oxysporum in agar diffusion assay,as a zone of inhibition of 10 mm was formed at 100μg of peptide.
