Cancer neuroscience is an emerging discipline that is developing at a high speed.Its main field lies in studying the interaction between tumors and the nervous system,thereby offering new perspective on cancer initiat...Cancer neuroscience is an emerging discipline that is developing at a high speed.Its main field lies in studying the interaction between tumors and the nervous system,thereby offering new perspective on cancer initiation and progression.In this editorial,we briefly reviewed the origin and development process of cancer neuroscience,and gave a brief introduction to its research contents.Finally,we discussed the future development directions of this discipline.展开更多
目的作为一本新创的英文期刊,Journal of Translational Neuroscience杂志需要尽快提升其学术水平,扩大其社会影响力,以期能迅速在国际专业学术期刊界占有一席之地,通过约稿获得高质量的学术论文就显得至关重要。方法笔者从找准期刊学...目的作为一本新创的英文期刊,Journal of Translational Neuroscience杂志需要尽快提升其学术水平,扩大其社会影响力,以期能迅速在国际专业学术期刊界占有一席之地,通过约稿获得高质量的学术论文就显得至关重要。方法笔者从找准期刊学术定位、采取灵活多样的约稿方式、分析解决约稿过程中可能存在的问题以及如何做好约稿后续服务工作等几个方面入手,初浅分析探讨了关于期刊约稿的方式方法。结果通过期刊定位准确锁定目标作者群,依托自身优势资源,参与学术会议,通过编委约稿以及提供优质的后续服务等方法获得稳定的高质量作者群,从而获得持续的优秀稿源。结论拥有持续的高质量稿件是促使期刊进入良性循环的重要保障,通过约稿可以解决新创办的期刊无稿可用和缺少优秀稿件的难题,推动期刊走出困境,渐入正轨。展开更多
Tree shrews(Tupaia spp.)have been used in neuroscience research since the 1960s due to their evolutionary proximity to primates.The use of and interest in this animal model have recently increased,in part due to the a...Tree shrews(Tupaia spp.)have been used in neuroscience research since the 1960s due to their evolutionary proximity to primates.The use of and interest in this animal model have recently increased,in part due to the adaptation of modern neuroscience tools in this species.These tools include quantitative behavioral assays,calcium imaging,optogenetics and transgenics.To facilitate the exchange and development of these new technologies and associated research findings,we organized the inaugural“Tree Shrew Users Meeting”which was held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Here,we review this meeting and discuss the history of tree shrews as an animal model in neuroscience research and summarize the current themes being investigated using this animal,as well as future directions.展开更多
Neuroscience Bulletin is an international bimonthly journal in neuroscience, and is the official journal of the Chinese Society for Neuroscience. Beginning with the first 2009 issue, Neuroscience Bulletin is included ...Neuroscience Bulletin is an international bimonthly journal in neuroscience, and is the official journal of the Chinese Society for Neuroscience. Beginning with the first 2009 issue, Neuroscience Bulletin is included in the Science Citation Index Expanded （SCI-E, available as the Web of Science）,展开更多
Central and peripheral nervous systems are lipid rich tissues. Lipids, in the context of lipid-protein complexes, surround neurons and provide electrical insulation for transmission of signals allowing neurons to rema...Central and peripheral nervous systems are lipid rich tissues. Lipids, in the context of lipid-protein complexes, surround neurons and provide electrical insulation for transmission of signals allowing neurons to remain embedded within a conducting environment. Lipids play a key role in vesicle formation and fusion in synapses. They provide means of rapid signaling, cell motility and migration for astrocytes and other cell types that surround and play supporting roles neurons. Unlike many other signaling molecules, lipids are capable of multiple signaling events based on the different fragments generated from a single precursor during each event. Lipidomics, until recently suffered from two major disadvantages:(1) level of expertise required an overwhelming amount of chemical detail to correctly identify a vast number of different lipids which could be close in their chemical reactivity; and(2) high amount of purified compounds needed by analytical techniques to determine their structures. Advances in mass spectrometry have enabled overcoming these two limitations. Mass spectrometry offers a great degree of simplicity in identification and quantification of lipids directly extracted from complex biological mixtures. Mass spectrometers can be regarded to as mass analyzers. There are those that separate and analyze the product ion fragments in space(spatial) and those which separate product ions in time in the same space(temporal). Databases and standardized instrument parameters have further aided the capabilities of the spatial instruments while recent advances in bioinformatics have made the identification and quantification possible using temporal instruments.展开更多
The development of Neurosciences in the last few years has changed a set of paradigms in the production of knowledge, from which new scenarios have arisen in the understanding of the structure and function of the huma...The development of Neurosciences in the last few years has changed a set of paradigms in the production of knowledge, from which new scenarios have arisen in the understanding of the structure and function of the human nervous system, as well as in some of the most relevant diseases involved. Nonetheless, the impact of all the scientific information on this topic has played a limited role in the proposals in the diagnostic, therapeutic,rehabilitation and social reintegration fields, when the effect on the daily life of patients that have a neurological impairment is considered. Thus, the emergence of translational science is an alternative for a more direct and pragmatic link that allows the connection between basic research and applied research, and in the short term will achieve results that can be promoted in the communities. In addition, this process involves an interaction with technological development and transfer following a global knowledge management model. Every discipline in the neurological sciences field poses different critical challenges to tend to the new epidemiologic profiles. emerging in areas such as neurodevelopment disturbances found in the pediatric population, trauma and addictions in the young, as well as neurodegenerative diseases in older adults. This model reviews the demands from society, expecting more compelling results from the scientific community, particularly in creating strategies that actually change the natural course of neurologic diseases from the bench to the bedside.展开更多
As the control center of organisms, the brain remains little understood due to its complexity. Taking advantage of imaging methods, scientists have found an accessible approach to unraveling the mystery of neuroscienc...As the control center of organisms, the brain remains little understood due to its complexity. Taking advantage of imaging methods, scientists have found an accessible approach to unraveling the mystery of neuroscience. Among these methods, optical imaging techniques are widely used due to their high molecular specificity and single-molecule sensitivity. Here, we overview several optical imaging techniques in neuroscience of recent years, including brain clearing, the micro-optical sectioning tomography system, and deep tissue imaging.展开更多
The brain functions as a closed-loop system that continuously generates behavior in response to the external environment and adjusts actions based on the outcomes.Traditional research methodologies in neuroscience,esp...The brain functions as a closed-loop system that continuously generates behavior in response to the external environment and adjusts actions based on the outcomes.Traditional research methodologies in neuroscience,especially those employed in brain imaging experiments,have mainly adopted an open-loop paradigm(Grosenick et al.,2015).Functional neural circuits are analyzed offline and subsequently tested through manipulation of neuronal activities within specific regions or with genetic markers.By establishing a closed-loop research paradigm,functional ensembles can be detected and tested in real time with temporal sequences.These functional ensembles,rather than brain regions or genetically labeled neural populations,serve as fundamental units of neural networks,offering valuable insights into the dissection of neural circuits.The closed-loop research paradigm also enables the capture of high-dimensional activities of internal brain dynamics and precise elucidation of physiological processes such as learning,decision-making,and sleep.展开更多
Optical microscopy promises researchers to soe most tiny substances directly.However,the resolution of conventional microscopy is resticted by the diffraction limit.This makes it a challenge to observe subcellular pro...Optical microscopy promises researchers to soe most tiny substances directly.However,the resolution of conventional microscopy is resticted by the diffraction limit.This makes it a challenge to observe subcellular processes happened in nanoscale.The development of super-resolution microscopy provides a solution to this challenge.Here,we briefly review several commonly used super-resolution techniques,explicating their basic principles and applications in biological science,especially in neuroscience.In addition,characteristics and limitations of each techrique are compared to provide a guidance for biologists to choose the most suitable tool.展开更多
The primary assumption of Neuroscience is that all experiences are strongly correlated with or caused by the specifics of brain structures and their particular dynamics. The profound experiences attributed to the “se...The primary assumption of Neuroscience is that all experiences are strongly correlated with or caused by the specifics of brain structures and their particular dynamics. The profound experiences attributed to the “sensed presence” and their cultural anthropomorphisms such as deities and gods are persistent reports in human populations that are frequently associated with permanent changes in behavior, reduced depression and alleviation of pain. The majority of traditional clinical observations and modern imaging techniques have emphasized the central role of right temporal lobe structures and their directly related networks. The experimental simulation of sensed presences which can result in attributions to spiritual, deity-based or mystical sources within the clinical laboratory by the application of physiologically-patterned magnetic fields across the temporal lobes through our God Helmet requires the same precision of technology that is essential for synthesizing molecular treatments for modifying anomalous behavior, depression and pain. Despite the clinical utility of these simulated conditions within Neuroscience and Medicine, misinformation concerning the bases and efficacy of this new technology persist. Here we present detailed technical clarifications and rebuttals to refute these misconceptions. A Hegelian approach to this delay of development and impedance provides a context through which the ultimate synthesis and application of this technology may be accommodated in the near future.展开更多
On November 27^(th),2024,the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology(Institute of Neuroscience,ION)at the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)will commemorate its 25th Anniversary by reviewing i...On November 27^(th),2024,the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology(Institute of Neuroscience,ION)at the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)will commemorate its 25th Anniversary by reviewing its development and highlighting its research achievements.Aligned with the anniversary celebrations,Neuroscience Bulletin organized this special academic issue as part of these festivities.This issue features curated and invited submissions from neuroscientists who are currently affiliated with or have previously studied or worked at the ION.The selected papers showcase the institute’s scientific achievements and academic impact,honoring its legacy while inspiring future advancements in the field of neuroscience.Eight Original Articles,four Letters,one Insight,and three Reviews are included.These contributions span multiple dimensions of neuroscience,from molecular mechanisms to cognitive and behavioral insights,each offering a unique perspective on the complexities of the brain.展开更多
1Early history In1963the Howard Florey Laboratories were first established as a component of the Department of Physiology at the University of Melbourne.The laboratories quickly expanded under the founding directorshi...1Early history In1963the Howard Florey Laboratories were first established as a component of the Department of Physiology at the University of Melbourne.The laboratories quickly expanded under the founding directorship of Dr.Derek Denton and the funds were obtained with the philanthropic assistance of Sir Ian Potter and Mr.Ken Myer to create a new building on the south-west corner University site.This enabled the building to be opened in August1963.The Nobel laureate,Sir Howard Florey,well-known discoverer of the technique to mass-produce penicillin was pleased to lend his name to the new initiative,and was present at its opening with the Prime Minister,Sir Robert Menzies,and other dignitaries.展开更多
Karolinska Institutet is one of the founding members of the International Alliance for Translational Neuro-science ,IATN. This alliance was established in Beijing in 2012 and it presently includes seven members world-...Karolinska Institutet is one of the founding members of the International Alliance for Translational Neuro-science ,IATN. This alliance was established in Beijing in 2012 and it presently includes seven members world-wide. Karolinska Institutet has a long tradition in research on the nervous system. Early on it was mainly represented by the Department of Neurophysiology and the Nobel Laureate Ragnar Granit, and the Department of Physiology, where Ulf von Euler, also a Nobel Laureate,carried out pioneering work on catecholamines, substance P and prostaglandins （ see Grant G ： The Nobel Prizes in the Field of Neuroscience which was published in the same issue）.展开更多
No less than 17 Nobel Prizes have been awarded the area of neurosocience and no less than 40 laureates. The first prize was given to Camillo Golgi and Ramon y Cajal in 1906 and the last one so far, to John O＇Keefe an...No less than 17 Nobel Prizes have been awarded the area of neurosocience and no less than 40 laureates. The first prize was given to Camillo Golgi and Ramon y Cajal in 1906 and the last one so far, to John O＇Keefe and May-Britt and Edvard I. Moser in 2014.展开更多
Tumors are complex,highly heterogeneous diseases that place an enormous burden on the world's healthcare systems.Updating understanding of tumor initiation and progression is critical and the current breakthrough ...Tumors are complex,highly heterogeneous diseases that place an enormous burden on the world's healthcare systems.Updating understanding of tumor initiation and progression is critical and the current breakthrough lies in cancer neuroscience,which focuses on the crosstalk between neural components and tumors.Neuropeptides are a class of highly potent peptides,that perform the physiological functions of neurotransmitters,neuromodulators,and endocrine hormones.Currently,many studies have shown that many cellular components of the tumor microenvironment express neuropeptides and their receptors and that neuropeptides may play an important role in their cellular communication.In addition,neuropeptides and their receptors affect cancer hallmarks such as proliferation,invasion and metastasis,angiogenesis,immune escape,metabolic reprogramming,and others.More importantly,neuropeptides may also affect some tumor comorbidities such as insomnia,depression,anorexia,cancer pain,and others.Targeting neuropeptides in combination with new therapeutic strategies may significantly advance anti-tumor therapy,not only for treating the tumor itself but also for improving the patient's quality of life.展开更多
We have entered an era of rapid advances in neuroscience.The integration of innovative imaging technology,validated behavioral measures,and state-of-the-art algorithms is gradually unraveling the fundamental rules tha...We have entered an era of rapid advances in neuroscience.The integration of innovative imaging technology,validated behavioral measures,and state-of-the-art algorithms is gradually unraveling the fundamental rules that link the nervous system and complex behaviors,subsequently guiding diagnostics and therapeutics.However,there is a long history of an explicit lack of population diversity in neuroscience research.Although most influential studies in our field aim to elucidate universal and objective truths,it is disconcerting that the Western,educated,industrialized,rich,and democratic(WEIRD)populations are overrepresented[1].展开更多
Over the past two decades,biodegradable metals(BMs)have emerged as promising materials to fabricate temporary biomedical devices,with the purpose of avoiding potential side effects of permanent implants.In this review...Over the past two decades,biodegradable metals(BMs)have emerged as promising materials to fabricate temporary biomedical devices,with the purpose of avoiding potential side effects of permanent implants.In this review,we first surveyed the current status of BMs in neuroscience,and briefly summarized the representative stents for treating vascular stenosis.Then,inspired by the convincing clinical evidence on the in vivo safety of Mg alloys as cardiovascular stents,we analyzed the possibility of producing biodegradable cerebrovascular Mg alloy stents for treating ischemic stroke.For these novel applications,some key factors should also be considered in designing BM brain stents,including the anatomic features of the cerebral vasculature,hemodynamic influences,neuro-cytocompatibility and selection of alloying elements.This work may provide insights into the future design and fabrication of BM neurological devices,especially for brain stents.展开更多
Downregulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is a key step for inducing retinal Müller cell activation and interaction with other glial cells,which is involved in retinal ganglion cell apopt...Downregulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is a key step for inducing retinal Müller cell activation and interaction with other glial cells,which is involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.Modulation of Kir4.1 expression in Müller cells may therefore be a potential strategy for attenuating retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma.In this study,we identified seven predicted phosphorylation sites in Kir4.1 and constructed lentiviral expression systems expressing Kir4.1 mutated at each site to prevent phosphorylation.Following this,we treated Müller glial cells in vitro and in vivo with the m Glu R I agonist DHPG to induce Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression.We found that both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited activation of Müller glial cells.Subsequently,we established a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension by injecting microbeads into the anterior chamber and overexpressed Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp in the eye,and observed similar results in Müller cells in vivo as those seen in vitro.Both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited Müller cell activation,regulated the balance of Bax/Bcl-2,and reduced the m RNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α.Furthermore,we investigated the regulatory effects of Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression on the release of pro-inflammatory factors in a co-culture system of Müller glial cells and microglia.In this co-culture system,we observed elevated adenosine triphosphate concentrations in activated Müller cells,increased levels of translocator protein(a marker of microglial activation),and elevated interleukin-1βm RNA and protein levels in microglia induced by activated Müller cells.These changes could be reversed by Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression in Müller cells.Kir4.1 overexpression,but not Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression,reduced the number of proliferative and migratory microglia induced by activated Müller cells.Collectively,these results suggest that the tyrosine residue at position nine in Kir4.1 may serve as a functional modulation site in the retina in an experimental model of glaucoma.Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression attenuated Müller cell activation,reduced ATP/P2X receptor–mediated interactions between glial cells,inhibited microglial activation,and decreased the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory factors,consequently ameliorating retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.展开更多
Abnormal structure and function of the human brain cause various mental and neurological disorders.The search for neurobiological mechanisms and biomarkers associated with psychiatric disorders has always been a focal...Abnormal structure and function of the human brain cause various mental and neurological disorders.The search for neurobiological mechanisms and biomarkers associated with psychiatric disorders has always been a focal point and a challenging issue in neuroscience.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)allows the noninvasive re-cording of high spatial-temporal resolution brain activity in patients,making it one of the primary research methods in integrative neuroscience.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most prominent cause of dementia.In 2019,over 57.4million people were living with AD and other dementia subtypes,a number which is ex...Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most prominent cause of dementia.In 2019,over 57.4million people were living with AD and other dementia subtypes,a number which is expected to increase to over 152.8 million in the next 25years.This ever-increasing burden has resulted in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases rising to one of the top 10 causes of death globally (O'Connell et al.,2024).展开更多
基金supported by High-level talent introduction funds from the First Hospital of Lanzhou University.
文摘Cancer neuroscience is an emerging discipline that is developing at a high speed.Its main field lies in studying the interaction between tumors and the nervous system,thereby offering new perspective on cancer initiation and progression.In this editorial,we briefly reviewed the origin and development process of cancer neuroscience,and gave a brief introduction to its research contents.Finally,we discussed the future development directions of this discipline.
文摘目的作为一本新创的英文期刊,Journal of Translational Neuroscience杂志需要尽快提升其学术水平,扩大其社会影响力,以期能迅速在国际专业学术期刊界占有一席之地,通过约稿获得高质量的学术论文就显得至关重要。方法笔者从找准期刊学术定位、采取灵活多样的约稿方式、分析解决约稿过程中可能存在的问题以及如何做好约稿后续服务工作等几个方面入手,初浅分析探讨了关于期刊约稿的方式方法。结果通过期刊定位准确锁定目标作者群,依托自身优势资源,参与学术会议,通过编委约稿以及提供优质的后续服务等方法获得稳定的高质量作者群,从而获得持续的优秀稿源。结论拥有持续的高质量稿件是促使期刊进入良性循环的重要保障,通过约稿可以解决新创办的期刊无稿可用和缺少优秀稿件的难题,推动期刊走出困境,渐入正轨。
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant EY032327 (to D.F.)
文摘Tree shrews(Tupaia spp.)have been used in neuroscience research since the 1960s due to their evolutionary proximity to primates.The use of and interest in this animal model have recently increased,in part due to the adaptation of modern neuroscience tools in this species.These tools include quantitative behavioral assays,calcium imaging,optogenetics and transgenics.To facilitate the exchange and development of these new technologies and associated research findings,we organized the inaugural“Tree Shrew Users Meeting”which was held online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Here,we review this meeting and discuss the history of tree shrews as an animal model in neuroscience research and summarize the current themes being investigated using this animal,as well as future directions.
文摘Neuroscience Bulletin is an international bimonthly journal in neuroscience, and is the official journal of the Chinese Society for Neuroscience. Beginning with the first 2009 issue, Neuroscience Bulletin is included in the Science Citation Index Expanded （SCI-E, available as the Web of Science）,
文摘Central and peripheral nervous systems are lipid rich tissues. Lipids, in the context of lipid-protein complexes, surround neurons and provide electrical insulation for transmission of signals allowing neurons to remain embedded within a conducting environment. Lipids play a key role in vesicle formation and fusion in synapses. They provide means of rapid signaling, cell motility and migration for astrocytes and other cell types that surround and play supporting roles neurons. Unlike many other signaling molecules, lipids are capable of multiple signaling events based on the different fragments generated from a single precursor during each event. Lipidomics, until recently suffered from two major disadvantages:(1) level of expertise required an overwhelming amount of chemical detail to correctly identify a vast number of different lipids which could be close in their chemical reactivity; and(2) high amount of purified compounds needed by analytical techniques to determine their structures. Advances in mass spectrometry have enabled overcoming these two limitations. Mass spectrometry offers a great degree of simplicity in identification and quantification of lipids directly extracted from complex biological mixtures. Mass spectrometers can be regarded to as mass analyzers. There are those that separate and analyze the product ion fragments in space(spatial) and those which separate product ions in time in the same space(temporal). Databases and standardized instrument parameters have further aided the capabilities of the spatial instruments while recent advances in bioinformatics have made the identification and quantification possible using temporal instruments.
文摘The development of Neurosciences in the last few years has changed a set of paradigms in the production of knowledge, from which new scenarios have arisen in the understanding of the structure and function of the human nervous system, as well as in some of the most relevant diseases involved. Nonetheless, the impact of all the scientific information on this topic has played a limited role in the proposals in the diagnostic, therapeutic,rehabilitation and social reintegration fields, when the effect on the daily life of patients that have a neurological impairment is considered. Thus, the emergence of translational science is an alternative for a more direct and pragmatic link that allows the connection between basic research and applied research, and in the short term will achieve results that can be promoted in the communities. In addition, this process involves an interaction with technological development and transfer following a global knowledge management model. Every discipline in the neurological sciences field poses different critical challenges to tend to the new epidemiologic profiles. emerging in areas such as neurodevelopment disturbances found in the pediatric population, trauma and addictions in the young, as well as neurodegenerative diseases in older adults. This model reviews the demands from society, expecting more compelling results from the scientific community, particularly in creating strategies that actually change the natural course of neurologic diseases from the bench to the bedside.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program(973 Program)of China(2015CB352005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6142780065,81527901,and 31571110)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(Y16F050002)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘As the control center of organisms, the brain remains little understood due to its complexity. Taking advantage of imaging methods, scientists have found an accessible approach to unraveling the mystery of neuroscience. Among these methods, optical imaging techniques are widely used due to their high molecular specificity and single-molecule sensitivity. Here, we overview several optical imaging techniques in neuroscience of recent years, including brain clearing, the micro-optical sectioning tomography system, and deep tissue imaging.
文摘The brain functions as a closed-loop system that continuously generates behavior in response to the external environment and adjusts actions based on the outcomes.Traditional research methodologies in neuroscience,especially those employed in brain imaging experiments,have mainly adopted an open-loop paradigm(Grosenick et al.,2015).Functional neural circuits are analyzed offline and subsequently tested through manipulation of neuronal activities within specific regions or with genetic markers.By establishing a closed-loop research paradigm,functional ensembles can be detected and tested in real time with temporal sequences.These functional ensembles,rather than brain regions or genetically labeled neural populations,serve as fundamental units of neural networks,offering valuable insights into the dissection of neural circuits.The closed-loop research paradigm also enables the capture of high-dimensional activities of internal brain dynamics and precise elucidation of physiological processes such as learning,decision-making,and sleep.
基金support from National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2015CB352005)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.6142780065,31571110,81527901)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (No.Y16F050002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Optical microscopy promises researchers to soe most tiny substances directly.However,the resolution of conventional microscopy is resticted by the diffraction limit.This makes it a challenge to observe subcellular processes happened in nanoscale.The development of super-resolution microscopy provides a solution to this challenge.Here,we briefly review several commonly used super-resolution techniques,explicating their basic principles and applications in biological science,especially in neuroscience.In addition,characteristics and limitations of each techrique are compared to provide a guidance for biologists to choose the most suitable tool.
文摘The primary assumption of Neuroscience is that all experiences are strongly correlated with or caused by the specifics of brain structures and their particular dynamics. The profound experiences attributed to the “sensed presence” and their cultural anthropomorphisms such as deities and gods are persistent reports in human populations that are frequently associated with permanent changes in behavior, reduced depression and alleviation of pain. The majority of traditional clinical observations and modern imaging techniques have emphasized the central role of right temporal lobe structures and their directly related networks. The experimental simulation of sensed presences which can result in attributions to spiritual, deity-based or mystical sources within the clinical laboratory by the application of physiologically-patterned magnetic fields across the temporal lobes through our God Helmet requires the same precision of technology that is essential for synthesizing molecular treatments for modifying anomalous behavior, depression and pain. Despite the clinical utility of these simulated conditions within Neuroscience and Medicine, misinformation concerning the bases and efficacy of this new technology persist. Here we present detailed technical clarifications and rebuttals to refute these misconceptions. A Hegelian approach to this delay of development and impedance provides a context through which the ultimate synthesis and application of this technology may be accommodated in the near future.
文摘On November 27^(th),2024,the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology(Institute of Neuroscience,ION)at the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)will commemorate its 25th Anniversary by reviewing its development and highlighting its research achievements.Aligned with the anniversary celebrations,Neuroscience Bulletin organized this special academic issue as part of these festivities.This issue features curated and invited submissions from neuroscientists who are currently affiliated with or have previously studied or worked at the ION.The selected papers showcase the institute’s scientific achievements and academic impact,honoring its legacy while inspiring future advancements in the field of neuroscience.Eight Original Articles,four Letters,one Insight,and three Reviews are included.These contributions span multiple dimensions of neuroscience,from molecular mechanisms to cognitive and behavioral insights,each offering a unique perspective on the complexities of the brain.
文摘1Early history In1963the Howard Florey Laboratories were first established as a component of the Department of Physiology at the University of Melbourne.The laboratories quickly expanded under the founding directorship of Dr.Derek Denton and the funds were obtained with the philanthropic assistance of Sir Ian Potter and Mr.Ken Myer to create a new building on the south-west corner University site.This enabled the building to be opened in August1963.The Nobel laureate,Sir Howard Florey,well-known discoverer of the technique to mass-produce penicillin was pleased to lend his name to the new initiative,and was present at its opening with the Prime Minister,Sir Robert Menzies,and other dignitaries.
文摘Karolinska Institutet is one of the founding members of the International Alliance for Translational Neuro-science ,IATN. This alliance was established in Beijing in 2012 and it presently includes seven members world-wide. Karolinska Institutet has a long tradition in research on the nervous system. Early on it was mainly represented by the Department of Neurophysiology and the Nobel Laureate Ragnar Granit, and the Department of Physiology, where Ulf von Euler, also a Nobel Laureate,carried out pioneering work on catecholamines, substance P and prostaglandins （ see Grant G ： The Nobel Prizes in the Field of Neuroscience which was published in the same issue）.
文摘No less than 17 Nobel Prizes have been awarded the area of neurosocience and no less than 40 laureates. The first prize was given to Camillo Golgi and Ramon y Cajal in 1906 and the last one so far, to John O＇Keefe and May-Britt and Edvard I. Moser in 2014.
基金supported by the High-Level Talent Introduction Funds from the First Hospital of Lanzhou University(China).
文摘Tumors are complex,highly heterogeneous diseases that place an enormous burden on the world's healthcare systems.Updating understanding of tumor initiation and progression is critical and the current breakthrough lies in cancer neuroscience,which focuses on the crosstalk between neural components and tumors.Neuropeptides are a class of highly potent peptides,that perform the physiological functions of neurotransmitters,neuromodulators,and endocrine hormones.Currently,many studies have shown that many cellular components of the tumor microenvironment express neuropeptides and their receptors and that neuropeptides may play an important role in their cellular communication.In addition,neuropeptides and their receptors affect cancer hallmarks such as proliferation,invasion and metastasis,angiogenesis,immune escape,metabolic reprogramming,and others.More importantly,neuropeptides may also affect some tumor comorbidities such as insomnia,depression,anorexia,cancer pain,and others.Targeting neuropeptides in combination with new therapeutic strategies may significantly advance anti-tumor therapy,not only for treating the tumor itself but also for improving the patient's quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62336002 and 82302175)the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Program(2021ZD0200500)Xi-Nian Zuo is supported by the Start-up Funds for Leading Talents at Beijing Normal University.
文摘We have entered an era of rapid advances in neuroscience.The integration of innovative imaging technology,validated behavioral measures,and state-of-the-art algorithms is gradually unraveling the fundamental rules that link the nervous system and complex behaviors,subsequently guiding diagnostics and therapeutics.However,there is a long history of an explicit lack of population diversity in neuroscience research.Although most influential studies in our field aim to elucidate universal and objective truths,it is disconcerting that the Western,educated,industrialized,rich,and democratic(WEIRD)populations are overrepresented[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82027802,82102220,82071468)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(721220,61975017)General Projects of Scientific and Technological Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202010025023).
文摘Over the past two decades,biodegradable metals(BMs)have emerged as promising materials to fabricate temporary biomedical devices,with the purpose of avoiding potential side effects of permanent implants.In this review,we first surveyed the current status of BMs in neuroscience,and briefly summarized the representative stents for treating vascular stenosis.Then,inspired by the convincing clinical evidence on the in vivo safety of Mg alloys as cardiovascular stents,we analyzed the possibility of producing biodegradable cerebrovascular Mg alloy stents for treating ischemic stroke.For these novel applications,some key factors should also be considered in designing BM brain stents,including the anatomic features of the cerebral vasculature,hemodynamic influences,neuro-cytocompatibility and selection of alloying elements.This work may provide insights into the future design and fabrication of BM neurological devices,especially for brain stents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32271043(to ZW)and 82171047(to YM)the both Science and Technology Major Project of Shanghai,No.2018SHZDZX01 and ZJLabShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology(to ZW)。
文摘Downregulation of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 is a key step for inducing retinal Müller cell activation and interaction with other glial cells,which is involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.Modulation of Kir4.1 expression in Müller cells may therefore be a potential strategy for attenuating retinal ganglion cell damage in glaucoma.In this study,we identified seven predicted phosphorylation sites in Kir4.1 and constructed lentiviral expression systems expressing Kir4.1 mutated at each site to prevent phosphorylation.Following this,we treated Müller glial cells in vitro and in vivo with the m Glu R I agonist DHPG to induce Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression.We found that both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited activation of Müller glial cells.Subsequently,we established a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension by injecting microbeads into the anterior chamber and overexpressed Kir4.1 or Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp in the eye,and observed similar results in Müller cells in vivo as those seen in vitro.Both Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression inhibited Müller cell activation,regulated the balance of Bax/Bcl-2,and reduced the m RNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors,including interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α.Furthermore,we investigated the regulatory effects of Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression on the release of pro-inflammatory factors in a co-culture system of Müller glial cells and microglia.In this co-culture system,we observed elevated adenosine triphosphate concentrations in activated Müller cells,increased levels of translocator protein(a marker of microglial activation),and elevated interleukin-1βm RNA and protein levels in microglia induced by activated Müller cells.These changes could be reversed by Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression in Müller cells.Kir4.1 overexpression,but not Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression,reduced the number of proliferative and migratory microglia induced by activated Müller cells.Collectively,these results suggest that the tyrosine residue at position nine in Kir4.1 may serve as a functional modulation site in the retina in an experimental model of glaucoma.Kir4.1 and Kir4.1 Tyr^(9)Asp overexpression attenuated Müller cell activation,reduced ATP/P2X receptor–mediated interactions between glial cells,inhibited microglial activation,and decreased the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory factors,consequently ameliorating retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma.
基金supported by the STI 2030-the major projects of the Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology(2021ZD0200500)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730302).
文摘Abnormal structure and function of the human brain cause various mental and neurological disorders.The search for neurobiological mechanisms and biomarkers associated with psychiatric disorders has always been a focal point and a challenging issue in neuroscience.Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)allows the noninvasive re-cording of high spatial-temporal resolution brain activity in patients,making it one of the primary research methods in integrative neuroscience.
文摘Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most prominent cause of dementia.In 2019,over 57.4million people were living with AD and other dementia subtypes,a number which is expected to increase to over 152.8 million in the next 25years.This ever-increasing burden has resulted in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases rising to one of the top 10 causes of death globally (O'Connell et al.,2024).
