Environmental sociology and the sociology of natural resources are two key subdisciplines of the sociological study on the interactions between nature and human society.Previous discussion on the relationships of thes...Environmental sociology and the sociology of natural resources are two key subdisciplines of the sociological study on the interactions between nature and human society.Previous discussion on the relationships of these two fields has largely focused on their distinctions and synthesis in western(particularly American) academia.Environmental sociology emerged as an important sociological subdiscipline in China in the early 1990s and is under vigorous disciplinary construction at present.By contrast,the sociology of natural resources is still a novel term for most Chinese researchers.This article provides a systematic review of recent literature on the relationships between environmental and natural resource sociologies,which should provide important implications for the further development of environmental sociology in China.展开更多
Geographic information science(GIScience)and remote sensing have long provided essential data and method-ological support for natural resource challenges and environmental problems research.With increasing advances in...Geographic information science(GIScience)and remote sensing have long provided essential data and method-ological support for natural resource challenges and environmental problems research.With increasing advances in information technology,natural resource and environmental science research faces the dual challenges of data and computational intensiveness.Therefore,the role of remote sensing and GIScience in the fields of natural resources and environmental science in this new information era is a key concern of researchers.This study clarifies the definition and frameworks of these two disciplines and discusses their role in natural resource and environmental research.GIScience is the discipline that studies the abstract and formal expressions of the basic concepts and laws of geography,and its research framework mainly consists of geo-modeling,geo-analysis,and geo-computation.Remote sensing is a comprehensive technology that deals with the mechanisms of human ef-fects on the natural ecological environment system by observing the earth surface system.Its main areas include sensors and platforms,information processing and interpretation,and natural resource and environmental appli-cations.GIScience and remote sensing provide data and methodological support for resource and environmental science research.They play essential roles in promoting the development of resource and environmental science and other related technologies.This paper provides forecasts of ten future directions for GIScience and eight future directions for remote sensing,which aim to solve issues related to natural resources and the environment.展开更多
System theory,pressure-state-response and drivingpressure-state-impact-response model have been applied to establishing China's dynamic tracking evaluation system of natural resources security in this article.Base...System theory,pressure-state-response and drivingpressure-state-impact-response model have been applied to establishing China's dynamic tracking evaluation system of natural resources security in this article.Based on analytic hierarchy process and Delphi methods,the natural resources security situation has been evaluated systematically from 1991 to 2007.The result showed that the overall level of China's natural resources security presented a downtrend from 1991 to 2007.The basic reasons are the pressure indicators such as population,GDP,natural resources trade increased gradually,resulting in tension and fragility of natural resources security.展开更多
With the continuous development of the times and the improvement of peoples living standards, China has increased its awareness of the protection of natural resources and paid more attention to land management and nat...With the continuous development of the times and the improvement of peoples living standards, China has increased its awareness of the protection of natural resources and paid more attention to land management and natural resources utilization. As far as the current natural environment is concerned, with the continuous development of economic construction, the construction of related enterprises has been strengthened in China, which leads to the large-scale destruction of the natural environment, and the related managers have not done their job well, resulting in the waste of resources. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of natural resources and formulate rational utilization countermeasures.展开更多
More than 40 years have passed since the reform and opening up. The development of our country can be described as "changing with each passing day" and "advancing by leaps and bounds". Especially u...More than 40 years have passed since the reform and opening up. The development of our country can be described as "changing with each passing day" and "advancing by leaps and bounds". Especially under the background of the new era, more and more industries have made great progress. More and more enterprises are also in the process of continuous innovation. At the same time, the state and the public have also paid more attention to the construction of ecological civilization. Through careful analysis and research on the current situation, it is found that there are still some problems in the compilation and implementation of natural resources planning in our country. It is necessary to work out a sound and perfect method to solve them and further improve the efficiency and level of natural resources planning. Therefore, this article mainly carries on the careful analysis to the new period natural resources plan compilation implementation opinion, for the reference.展开更多
Natural resources are an important carrier for human survival and production. In order to promote the reform of spatial planning and strengthen the development and protection of natural resources, it is necessary to t...Natural resources are an important carrier for human survival and production. In order to promote the reform of spatial planning and strengthen the development and protection of natural resources, it is necessary to take the management of natural resources assets as a starting point to explore the value realization path of natural resources, and to discuss the internal relationship between the realization of natural resources value and spatial planning. This paper discusses the path to realize the value of natural resources from the perspective of spatial planning reform.展开更多
Hilly or mountainous terrain occupies around 12% of the area of Bangladesh.Natural resources associated with Bangladesh's hill are forest resources,biodiversity,minerals,and agricultural crops.Natural resources ha...Hilly or mountainous terrain occupies around 12% of the area of Bangladesh.Natural resources associated with Bangladesh's hill are forest resources,biodiversity,minerals,and agricultural crops.Natural resources have been exploited in the recent four decades due to excessive clearing of hill forest cover,resulting in loss of species richness, impacts related to increased water flow variability, increased hill slope erosion and flooding intensity, and a gradual decrease in the extent of hill area in Bangladesh.This review explores the major causes and effects of depletion of natural resources by linking drivers,pressures and the related impacts.A review has been conducted to structure the effects on the hilly areas and describe the responses to minimize them in the associated DPSIR framework.Population growth has been identified as a major driver contributing to high deforestation rates.This may negatively effect agricultural productivity and increase the frequency of serious flooding.Slash and burn cultivation also impacts the regeneration of evergreen forests,which may accelerate soil erosion. Due to this and other factors,local people are facing a deficits of natural resources(food,fodder,fuel wood and water),which exacerbates the effects of poverty. Future research should try to facilitate decision making for sustainable utilization of natural resources management in the hilly areas of Bangladesh. Additional conservation measures should be developed to increase the resilience of ecosystems at national and regional levels.展开更多
The Austrian node of the Natural Resources Satellite Remote Sensing Cloud Service Platform was established in 2016 through a cooperation agreement between the Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center(LASAC),Mi...The Austrian node of the Natural Resources Satellite Remote Sensing Cloud Service Platform was established in 2016 through a cooperation agreement between the Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center(LASAC),Ministry of Natural Resources of the Peoples Republic of China and the University of Vienna,Austria.Under this agreement panchromatic and multi-spectral data of the Chinese ZY-3 satellite are pushed to the server at the University of Vienna for use in education and research.So far,nearly 500 GB of data have been uploaded to the server.This technical note briefly introduces the ZY-3 system and illustrates the implementation of the agreement by the first China-Sat Workshop and several case studies.Some of them are already completed,others are still ongoing.They include a geometric accuracy validation of ZY-3 data,an animated visualization of image quick views on a spherical display to demonstrate the time series of the image coverage for Austria and Laos,and the use of ZY-3 data to study the spread of bark beetle in the province of Lower Austria.An accuracy study of DTMs from ZY-3 stereo data,as well as a land cover analysis and comparison of Austria with ZY-3 and other sensors are still ongoing.展开更多
The Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, established in 2012 belongs to Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey. Prof. Neng-you Wu is the Director of Laboratory and Prof. ...The Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, established in 2012 belongs to Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey. Prof. Neng-you Wu is the Director of Laboratory and Prof. Yu-guang Ye is the Director of Academic Committee (Fig. 1). Now, the laboratory has been recognized as one of the leading laboratories in the world in terms of gas hydrate experimental technology.展开更多
In this study, the roles of indigenous knowledge and farmers’ perception of natural resources management were analyzed. A total of seventy households were selected by simple random sampling with replacement method fo...In this study, the roles of indigenous knowledge and farmers’ perception of natural resources management were analyzed. A total of seventy households were selected by simple random sampling with replacement method for collection of data. Formal interviews were conducted to the 5% plus of households in the study area in addition to the focus group discussions and qualitative field observations. It was expressed by 98.6% of the total respondents that “Sera” which is the traditional practice has being used to manage natural resources in the study area. In the “Sera” systems, individuals are excluded a punishment from any kind of social interaction in a response to their unlawful action in the community natural resources. It was indicated by 84.3% of respondents that deforestation and related problems are the major challenges including grazing and shortage of farm size for the management of the culturally protected forest in the study area. The majority of the respondents (77.1%) believed that soil fertility decline in the study area. Development of effective participatory forest management and encouragement and supporting the traditional method of natural resources management is required to ensure the preservation and protection of these areas essential to ecosystem service provision, provide high biodiversity value and cultural heritage, and maintain the sustainability of culturally protected forest.展开更多
The current economic development is the process of improving the physical and spiritual living conditions for people through the production of material wealth and the improvement of social relations as well as the imp...The current economic development is the process of improving the physical and spiritual living conditions for people through the production of material wealth and the improvement of social relations as well as the improvement of cultural quality.In recent years,Vietnam showed robust growth in terms of economic development,along with the fast pace of urbanization and population increase.However,the economic growth has led to serious problems relating to the environment,such as the pollution of the air,water,and soil,which hugely affected the quality of human life.The Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC)implied that a country with strong economic background shifting to industrialization or mechanization of agriculture will have positive GDP and the environmental damage level will decrease.The analysis and assessment showed that the environmental problems caused by economic activities are:air pollution in the urban area still maintained at high level;water pollution in rivers and limited fresh water supply;and the soil pollution and declining water supply underneath soil are developing.展开更多
Widespread changes to forested watersheds affected by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) epidemic across western North America raised concerns about the effects of this climate-induced disturba...Widespread changes to forested watersheds affected by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) epidemic across western North America raised concerns about the effects of this climate-induced disturbance on drinking water and natural resources. Effective communication and knowledge exchange across scientists and stakeholders (i.e., drinking water managers) is essential for constructively responding to such landscape scale disturbances, providing improved adaptive capacity through knowledge sharing. An assessment of stakeholder knowledge levels, information needs, primary concerns, and suggested communication strategies were conducted via an online elicitation survey and World Science Café workshops. Knowledge levels, assessed via a survey of local water managers and experts, were relatively low with approximately half of the respondents reporting little to no knowledge of the effects of mountain pine beetle on drinking water quality and quantity, thereby indicating limited knowledge exchange between scientists and drinking water stakeholders. Increased accessibility and dissemination of research findings pertinent to the mountain pine beetle epidemic’s effects on drinking water quality and quantity is necessary for natural resource management. Recommendations for improved communication among scientists and drinking water stakeholders in particular and forest health in general include dispersal of non-academic research summaries, information exchange through existing media and community resources, demonstration projects, and information clearinghouses. This information provides a better understanding of the challenges, concerns, and first-hand experience of stakeholders of a landscape disturbance issue to apply this knowledge to enhance land management practice and how researchers on this overall project enhanced science communication efforts.展开更多
The unified management and planning of national or provincial natural resources distributed both aboveground and underground have become increasingly important.Accurate depictions of natural resource elements and thei...The unified management and planning of national or provincial natural resources distributed both aboveground and underground have become increasingly important.Accurate depictions of natural resource elements and their interactions are key to achieving integrated and systematic management of natural resources.However,current spatiotemporal data models are based only on data descriptions,attribute records,and other model knowledge of a more general basis,without intuitively describing relationships between these elements and natural resources.This paper,therefore,proposes an integrated data-model-knowledge representation model to explicitly describe the time,space,and interaction of natural resource entities through an integrated knowledge graph.First,this study constructs a conceptual model using the aspects of semantics,scale,and data-model-knowledge,thereby explicitly describing the relationships of natural resources.Second,a logical model of natural resource representation is proposed,that is integrated with time,space,attributes,and relationships.Finally,taking the management of water resources as an example,this paper realizes the meticulous presentation of the levels of detail and rich semantic relations of natural resource entities.The findings of this study lay the foundation for a more efficient,precise,and lucid perception of the distribution laws and complicated interactional relationships of natural resources,both aboveground and underground.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate(NGH)has been widely considered as an alternative to conventional oil and gas resources in the future energy resource supply since Trofimuk’s first resource assessment in 1973.At least 29 global es...Natural gas hydrate(NGH)has been widely considered as an alternative to conventional oil and gas resources in the future energy resource supply since Trofimuk’s first resource assessment in 1973.At least 29 global estimates have been published from various studies so far,among which 24 estimates are greater than the total conventional gas resources.If drawn in chronological order,the 29 historical resource estimates show a clear downward trend,reflecting the changes in our perception with respect to its resource potential with increasing our knowledge on the NGH with time.A time series of the 29 estimates was used to establish a statistical model for predict the future trend.The model produces an expected resource value of 41.46×1012 m3 at the year of 2050.The statistical trend projected future gas hydrate resource is only about 10%of total natural gas resource in conventional reservoir,consistent with estimates of global technically recoverable resources(TRR)in gas hydrate from Monte Carlo technique based on volumetric and material balance approaches.Considering the technical challenges and high cost in commercial production and the lack of competitive advantages compared with rapid growing unconventional and renewable resources,only those on the very top of the gas hydrate resource pyramid will be added to future energy supply.It is unlikely that the NGH will be the major energy source in the future.展开更多
The recent Russian-Ukrainian crisis has had a substantial impact on the global natural gas supply landscape and brought major challenges to liquified natural gas(LNG)supply chain safety in many countries.However,acade...The recent Russian-Ukrainian crisis has had a substantial impact on the global natural gas supply landscape and brought major challenges to liquified natural gas(LNG)supply chain safety in many countries.However,academic research in this field remains scarce.This study aims to analyze the global LNG marine supply network changes during the recent Russian-Ukrainian crisis.Big data analytics are applied to the global vessel trajectory information recorded by automatic identification system(AIS).The weighted degree index indicates that global LNG marine supply is still primarily led by a few exporting countries,and the Middle East Port of Ras Laffan now occupies the central position.In 2022,the betweenness centrality and other indicators of the LNG shipping network showed a high middle and low end,indicating that the network has a certain degree of resilience.After the Russian-Ukrainian crisis happened,LNG exports from Qatar,the United States,and Russia increased.Resource flows have reshaped the competitive standing of countries.The European LNG market witnessed a significant intensification in the export competition between Russia and the United States.Despite the ongoing crisis,Russia's LNG export competitiveness remained resilient and displayed no indications of weakening.The results show new evidence for the changes in global natural resources marine supply influenced by the geopolitical events among countries.This has important implications for policymaking of LNG supply safety to the countries that rely heavily on imports.展开更多
Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind.Natural resources can provide materials and energy for human use.They are the material foundation of human survival and the inherent source for s...Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind.Natural resources can provide materials and energy for human use.They are the material foundation of human survival and the inherent source for social development.According to the definition given by the United Nations Environment Program(UNEP),'Resources。展开更多
There have been at least 29 groups of estimates on the global natural gas hydrate(NGH)resource since1973,varying greatly with up to 10,000 times and showing a decreasing trend with time.For the South China Sea(SCS),35...There have been at least 29 groups of estimates on the global natural gas hydrate(NGH)resource since1973,varying greatly with up to 10,000 times and showing a decreasing trend with time.For the South China Sea(SCS),35 groups of estimations were conducted on NGH resource potential since 2000,while these estimates kept almost the same with time,varying between 60 and 90 billion tons of oil equivalent(toe).What are the key factors controlling the variation trend?What are the implications of these variations for the NGH development in the world and the SCS?By analyzing the investigation characteristics of NGH resources in the world,this study divided the evaluation process into six stages and confirmed four essential factors for controlling the variations of estimates.Results indicated that the reduction trend reflects an improved understanding of the NGH formation mechanism and advancement in the resource evaluation methods,and promoted more objective evaluation results.Furthermore,the analysis process and improved evaluation method was applied to evaluate the NGH resources in the SCS,showing the similar decreasing trend of NGH resources with time.By utilizing the decreasing trend model,the predicted recoverable resources in the world and the SCS are(205-500)×10^(12)m^(3)and(0.8-6.5)×10^(12)m^(3),respectively,accounting for 20%of the total conventional oil and gas resources.Recoverable NGH resource in the SCS is only about 4%-6%of the previous estimates of 60-90 billion toe.If extracted completely,it only can support the sustainable development of China for 7 years at the current annual consumption level of oil and gas.NGH cannot be the main energy resource in future due to its low resource potential and lack of advantages in recovery.展开更多
Tourism resources that span provincial boundaries in China play a pivotal role in regional development,yet effective governance poses persistent challenges.This study addresses this issue by constructing a comprehensi...Tourism resources that span provincial boundaries in China play a pivotal role in regional development,yet effective governance poses persistent challenges.This study addresses this issue by constructing a comprehensive database of transboundary natural tourism resources(TNTR)through amalgamation of diverse data sources.Utilizing the Getis-Ord Gi^(*),kernel density estimation,and geographical detectors,we scrutinize the spatial patterns of TNTR,focusing on both named and unnamed entities,while exploring the influencing factors.Our findings reveal 7883 identified TNTR in China,with mountain tourism resources emerging as the predominant type.Among provinces,Hunan boasts the highest count,while Shanghai exhibits the lowest.Southern China demonstrates a pronounced clustering trend in TNTR distribution,with the spatial arrangement of biological landscapes appearing more random compared to geological and water landscapes.Western China,characterized by intricate terrain,exhibits fewer TNTR,concurrently unveiling a significant presence of unnamed natural tourism resources.Crucially,administrative segmentation influences TNTR development,generating disparities in regional goals,developmental stages and intensities,and management approaches.In response to these variations,we advocate for strengthening the naming of the unnamed transboundary tourism resources,constructing a geographic database of TNTR for government and establishing a collaborative management mechanism based on TNTR database.Our research contributes to elucidating the intricate landscape of TNTR,offering insights for tailored governance strategies in the realm of cross-provincial tourism resource management.展开更多
With the development of the new energy industry and the depletion of nickel sulfide ore resources,laterite nickel ore has become the main source of primary nickel,and nickel for power batteries has become a new growth...With the development of the new energy industry and the depletion of nickel sulfide ore resources,laterite nickel ore has become the main source of primary nickel,and nickel for power batteries has become a new growth point in consumption.This paper systematically summarizes the processes,parameters,products,recovery rates,environmental indicators,costs,advantages,disadvantages and the latest research progress of mainstream nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore.It also provides a comparative analysis of the environmental impact and economic efficiency of different nickel extraction processes.It is found that the current nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore globally for commercial production mainly include the RKEF process for producing ferronickel and the HPAL process for producing intermediate products.The former accounts for about 80%of laterite nickel ore production.Compared to each other,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity for the RKEF is about 43000$,with an operational cost of about 16000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 77%–90%.Its products are mainly used in stainless steels.For the HPAL process,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity is about 56000$,with an operational cost of about 15000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 83%–90%.Its products are mainly used in power batteries.The significant differences between the two lies in energy consumption and carbon emissions,with the RKEF being 2.18 and 2.37 times that of the HPAL,respectively.Although the use of clean energy can greatly reduce the operational cost and environmental impact of RKEF,if RKEF is converted to producing high Ni matte,its economic and environmental performance still cannot match that of the HPAL and oxygen-enriched side-blown processes.Therefore,it can be inferred that with the increasing demand for nickel in power batteries,HPAL and oxygen-enriched side blowing processes will play a greater role in laterite nickel extraction.展开更多
Water scarcity and environment deterioration have become main constraints to sustainable economic and social development.Scientifically assessing Water Resources Carrying Capacity(WRCC)is essential for the optimal all...Water scarcity and environment deterioration have become main constraints to sustainable economic and social development.Scientifically assessing Water Resources Carrying Capacity(WRCC)is essential for the optimal allocation of regional water resources.The hilly area at the northern foot of Yanshan Mountains is a key water conservation zone and an important water source for Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei.Grasping the current status and temporal trends of water quality and WRCC in representative small watersheds within this region is crucial for supporting rational water resources allocation and environment protection efforts.This study focuses on Pingquan City,a typical watershed in northern Hebei Province.Firstly,evaluation index systems for surface water quality,groundwater quality and WRCC were estab-lished based on the Pressure-State-Response(PSR)framework.Then,comprehensive evaluations of water quality and WRCC at the sub-watershed scale were conducted using the Varying Fuzzy Pattern Recogni-tion(VFPR)model.Finally,the rationality of the evaluation results was verified,and future scenarios were projected.Results showed that:(1)The average comprehensive evaluation scores for surface water and groundwater quality in the sub-watersheds were 1.44 and 1.46,respectively,indicating that both met the national Class II water quality standard and reflected a high-quality water environment.(2)From 2010 to 2020,the region's WRCC steadily improved,with scores rising from 2.99 to 2.83 and an average of 2.90,suggesting effective water resources management in Pingquan City.(3)According to scenario-based predic-tion,WRCC may slightly decline between 2025 and 2030,reaching 2.92 and 2.94,respectively,relative to 2020 levels.Therefore,future efforts should focus on strengthening scientific management and promoting the efficient use of water resources.Proactive measures are necessary to mitigate emerging contradiction and ensure the long-term stability and sustainability of the water resources system in the region.The evalua-tion system and spatiotemporal evolution patterns proposed in this study can provide a scientific basis for refined water resource management and ecological conservation in similar hilly areas.展开更多
文摘Environmental sociology and the sociology of natural resources are two key subdisciplines of the sociological study on the interactions between nature and human society.Previous discussion on the relationships of these two fields has largely focused on their distinctions and synthesis in western(particularly American) academia.Environmental sociology emerged as an important sociological subdiscipline in China in the early 1990s and is under vigorous disciplinary construction at present.By contrast,the sociology of natural resources is still a novel term for most Chinese researchers.This article provides a systematic review of recent literature on the relationships between environmental and natural resource sociologies,which should provide important implications for the further development of environmental sociology in China.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.L1924041,41525004)the Research Project on the Discipline Development Strategy of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XK2019DXC006).
文摘Geographic information science(GIScience)and remote sensing have long provided essential data and method-ological support for natural resource challenges and environmental problems research.With increasing advances in information technology,natural resource and environmental science research faces the dual challenges of data and computational intensiveness.Therefore,the role of remote sensing and GIScience in the fields of natural resources and environmental science in this new information era is a key concern of researchers.This study clarifies the definition and frameworks of these two disciplines and discusses their role in natural resource and environmental research.GIScience is the discipline that studies the abstract and formal expressions of the basic concepts and laws of geography,and its research framework mainly consists of geo-modeling,geo-analysis,and geo-computation.Remote sensing is a comprehensive technology that deals with the mechanisms of human ef-fects on the natural ecological environment system by observing the earth surface system.Its main areas include sensors and platforms,information processing and interpretation,and natural resource and environmental appli-cations.GIScience and remote sensing provide data and methodological support for resource and environmental science research.They play essential roles in promoting the development of resource and environmental science and other related technologies.This paper provides forecasts of ten future directions for GIScience and eight future directions for remote sensing,which aim to solve issues related to natural resources and the environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.70873119 and 40871253)Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge Innovation Program(Grant no.066U0401SZ)
文摘System theory,pressure-state-response and drivingpressure-state-impact-response model have been applied to establishing China's dynamic tracking evaluation system of natural resources security in this article.Based on analytic hierarchy process and Delphi methods,the natural resources security situation has been evaluated systematically from 1991 to 2007.The result showed that the overall level of China's natural resources security presented a downtrend from 1991 to 2007.The basic reasons are the pressure indicators such as population,GDP,natural resources trade increased gradually,resulting in tension and fragility of natural resources security.
文摘With the continuous development of the times and the improvement of peoples living standards, China has increased its awareness of the protection of natural resources and paid more attention to land management and natural resources utilization. As far as the current natural environment is concerned, with the continuous development of economic construction, the construction of related enterprises has been strengthened in China, which leads to the large-scale destruction of the natural environment, and the related managers have not done their job well, resulting in the waste of resources. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of natural resources and formulate rational utilization countermeasures.
文摘More than 40 years have passed since the reform and opening up. The development of our country can be described as "changing with each passing day" and "advancing by leaps and bounds". Especially under the background of the new era, more and more industries have made great progress. More and more enterprises are also in the process of continuous innovation. At the same time, the state and the public have also paid more attention to the construction of ecological civilization. Through careful analysis and research on the current situation, it is found that there are still some problems in the compilation and implementation of natural resources planning in our country. It is necessary to work out a sound and perfect method to solve them and further improve the efficiency and level of natural resources planning. Therefore, this article mainly carries on the careful analysis to the new period natural resources plan compilation implementation opinion, for the reference.
文摘Natural resources are an important carrier for human survival and production. In order to promote the reform of spatial planning and strengthen the development and protection of natural resources, it is necessary to take the management of natural resources assets as a starting point to explore the value realization path of natural resources, and to discuss the internal relationship between the realization of natural resources value and spatial planning. This paper discusses the path to realize the value of natural resources from the perspective of spatial planning reform.
文摘Hilly or mountainous terrain occupies around 12% of the area of Bangladesh.Natural resources associated with Bangladesh's hill are forest resources,biodiversity,minerals,and agricultural crops.Natural resources have been exploited in the recent four decades due to excessive clearing of hill forest cover,resulting in loss of species richness, impacts related to increased water flow variability, increased hill slope erosion and flooding intensity, and a gradual decrease in the extent of hill area in Bangladesh.This review explores the major causes and effects of depletion of natural resources by linking drivers,pressures and the related impacts.A review has been conducted to structure the effects on the hilly areas and describe the responses to minimize them in the associated DPSIR framework.Population growth has been identified as a major driver contributing to high deforestation rates.This may negatively effect agricultural productivity and increase the frequency of serious flooding.Slash and burn cultivation also impacts the regeneration of evergreen forests,which may accelerate soil erosion. Due to this and other factors,local people are facing a deficits of natural resources(food,fodder,fuel wood and water),which exacerbates the effects of poverty. Future research should try to facilitate decision making for sustainable utilization of natural resources management in the hilly areas of Bangladesh. Additional conservation measures should be developed to increase the resilience of ecosystems at national and regional levels.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China for Strategic International Cooperation in Science and Technology Innovation(Grant No.2016YFE0205300)as well as a grant under the Eurasia Pacific UNINET program of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education,Science and Research to the University of Vienna(Grant No.EPU 32/2017).
文摘The Austrian node of the Natural Resources Satellite Remote Sensing Cloud Service Platform was established in 2016 through a cooperation agreement between the Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center(LASAC),Ministry of Natural Resources of the Peoples Republic of China and the University of Vienna,Austria.Under this agreement panchromatic and multi-spectral data of the Chinese ZY-3 satellite are pushed to the server at the University of Vienna for use in education and research.So far,nearly 500 GB of data have been uploaded to the server.This technical note briefly introduces the ZY-3 system and illustrates the implementation of the agreement by the first China-Sat Workshop and several case studies.Some of them are already completed,others are still ongoing.They include a geometric accuracy validation of ZY-3 data,an animated visualization of image quick views on a spherical display to demonstrate the time series of the image coverage for Austria and Laos,and the use of ZY-3 data to study the spread of bark beetle in the province of Lower Austria.An accuracy study of DTMs from ZY-3 stereo data,as well as a land cover analysis and comparison of Austria with ZY-3 and other sensors are still ongoing.
文摘The Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, established in 2012 belongs to Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey. Prof. Neng-you Wu is the Director of Laboratory and Prof. Yu-guang Ye is the Director of Academic Committee (Fig. 1). Now, the laboratory has been recognized as one of the leading laboratories in the world in terms of gas hydrate experimental technology.
文摘In this study, the roles of indigenous knowledge and farmers’ perception of natural resources management were analyzed. A total of seventy households were selected by simple random sampling with replacement method for collection of data. Formal interviews were conducted to the 5% plus of households in the study area in addition to the focus group discussions and qualitative field observations. It was expressed by 98.6% of the total respondents that “Sera” which is the traditional practice has being used to manage natural resources in the study area. In the “Sera” systems, individuals are excluded a punishment from any kind of social interaction in a response to their unlawful action in the community natural resources. It was indicated by 84.3% of respondents that deforestation and related problems are the major challenges including grazing and shortage of farm size for the management of the culturally protected forest in the study area. The majority of the respondents (77.1%) believed that soil fertility decline in the study area. Development of effective participatory forest management and encouragement and supporting the traditional method of natural resources management is required to ensure the preservation and protection of these areas essential to ecosystem service provision, provide high biodiversity value and cultural heritage, and maintain the sustainability of culturally protected forest.
文摘The current economic development is the process of improving the physical and spiritual living conditions for people through the production of material wealth and the improvement of social relations as well as the improvement of cultural quality.In recent years,Vietnam showed robust growth in terms of economic development,along with the fast pace of urbanization and population increase.However,the economic growth has led to serious problems relating to the environment,such as the pollution of the air,water,and soil,which hugely affected the quality of human life.The Environmental Kuznets Curve(EKC)implied that a country with strong economic background shifting to industrialization or mechanization of agriculture will have positive GDP and the environmental damage level will decrease.The analysis and assessment showed that the environmental problems caused by economic activities are:air pollution in the urban area still maintained at high level;water pollution in rivers and limited fresh water supply;and the soil pollution and declining water supply underneath soil are developing.
文摘Widespread changes to forested watersheds affected by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) epidemic across western North America raised concerns about the effects of this climate-induced disturbance on drinking water and natural resources. Effective communication and knowledge exchange across scientists and stakeholders (i.e., drinking water managers) is essential for constructively responding to such landscape scale disturbances, providing improved adaptive capacity through knowledge sharing. An assessment of stakeholder knowledge levels, information needs, primary concerns, and suggested communication strategies were conducted via an online elicitation survey and World Science Café workshops. Knowledge levels, assessed via a survey of local water managers and experts, were relatively low with approximately half of the respondents reporting little to no knowledge of the effects of mountain pine beetle on drinking water quality and quantity, thereby indicating limited knowledge exchange between scientists and drinking water stakeholders. Increased accessibility and dissemination of research findings pertinent to the mountain pine beetle epidemic’s effects on drinking water quality and quantity is necessary for natural resource management. Recommendations for improved communication among scientists and drinking water stakeholders in particular and forest health in general include dispersal of non-academic research summaries, information exchange through existing media and community resources, demonstration projects, and information clearinghouses. This information provides a better understanding of the challenges, concerns, and first-hand experience of stakeholders of a landscape disturbance issue to apply this knowledge to enhance land management practice and how researchers on this overall project enhanced science communication efforts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Projects No.41871314,4187010232]the Program of the Department of Natural Resources of Sichuan Province[Grant Number KJ20206].
文摘The unified management and planning of national or provincial natural resources distributed both aboveground and underground have become increasingly important.Accurate depictions of natural resource elements and their interactions are key to achieving integrated and systematic management of natural resources.However,current spatiotemporal data models are based only on data descriptions,attribute records,and other model knowledge of a more general basis,without intuitively describing relationships between these elements and natural resources.This paper,therefore,proposes an integrated data-model-knowledge representation model to explicitly describe the time,space,and interaction of natural resource entities through an integrated knowledge graph.First,this study constructs a conceptual model using the aspects of semantics,scale,and data-model-knowledge,thereby explicitly describing the relationships of natural resources.Second,a logical model of natural resource representation is proposed,that is integrated with time,space,attributes,and relationships.Finally,taking the management of water resources as an example,this paper realizes the meticulous presentation of the levels of detail and rich semantic relations of natural resource entities.The findings of this study lay the foundation for a more efficient,precise,and lucid perception of the distribution laws and complicated interactional relationships of natural resources,both aboveground and underground.
基金This research was financially supported by the CAS consultation project(Grant number-2019-ZW11-Z-035)the National Basic Research Program of China(973)(Projects:2006CB202300,2011CB201100)+1 种基金China High-Tech R&D(863)Program Project(2013AA092600)We would like to thank Gao Deli,Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences,for his comments and recommendation in publishing this paper in Petroleum Science.
文摘Natural gas hydrate(NGH)has been widely considered as an alternative to conventional oil and gas resources in the future energy resource supply since Trofimuk’s first resource assessment in 1973.At least 29 global estimates have been published from various studies so far,among which 24 estimates are greater than the total conventional gas resources.If drawn in chronological order,the 29 historical resource estimates show a clear downward trend,reflecting the changes in our perception with respect to its resource potential with increasing our knowledge on the NGH with time.A time series of the 29 estimates was used to establish a statistical model for predict the future trend.The model produces an expected resource value of 41.46×1012 m3 at the year of 2050.The statistical trend projected future gas hydrate resource is only about 10%of total natural gas resource in conventional reservoir,consistent with estimates of global technically recoverable resources(TRR)in gas hydrate from Monte Carlo technique based on volumetric and material balance approaches.Considering the technical challenges and high cost in commercial production and the lack of competitive advantages compared with rapid growing unconventional and renewable resources,only those on the very top of the gas hydrate resource pyramid will be added to future energy supply.It is unlikely that the NGH will be the major energy source in the future.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42130402)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220818100810024,KQTD20221101093604016)。
文摘The recent Russian-Ukrainian crisis has had a substantial impact on the global natural gas supply landscape and brought major challenges to liquified natural gas(LNG)supply chain safety in many countries.However,academic research in this field remains scarce.This study aims to analyze the global LNG marine supply network changes during the recent Russian-Ukrainian crisis.Big data analytics are applied to the global vessel trajectory information recorded by automatic identification system(AIS).The weighted degree index indicates that global LNG marine supply is still primarily led by a few exporting countries,and the Middle East Port of Ras Laffan now occupies the central position.In 2022,the betweenness centrality and other indicators of the LNG shipping network showed a high middle and low end,indicating that the network has a certain degree of resilience.After the Russian-Ukrainian crisis happened,LNG exports from Qatar,the United States,and Russia increased.Resource flows have reshaped the competitive standing of countries.The European LNG market witnessed a significant intensification in the export competition between Russia and the United States.Despite the ongoing crisis,Russia's LNG export competitiveness remained resilient and displayed no indications of weakening.The results show new evidence for the changes in global natural resources marine supply influenced by the geopolitical events among countries.This has important implications for policymaking of LNG supply safety to the countries that rely heavily on imports.
文摘Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind.Natural resources can provide materials and energy for human use.They are the material foundation of human survival and the inherent source for social development.According to the definition given by the United Nations Environment Program(UNEP),'Resources。
基金financially supported by the CAS consultation project(2019-ZW11-Z-035)the National Basic Research Program of China(973)(2006CB202300,2011CB201100)China High-Tech R&D(863)Program Project(2013AA092600)。
文摘There have been at least 29 groups of estimates on the global natural gas hydrate(NGH)resource since1973,varying greatly with up to 10,000 times and showing a decreasing trend with time.For the South China Sea(SCS),35 groups of estimations were conducted on NGH resource potential since 2000,while these estimates kept almost the same with time,varying between 60 and 90 billion tons of oil equivalent(toe).What are the key factors controlling the variation trend?What are the implications of these variations for the NGH development in the world and the SCS?By analyzing the investigation characteristics of NGH resources in the world,this study divided the evaluation process into six stages and confirmed four essential factors for controlling the variations of estimates.Results indicated that the reduction trend reflects an improved understanding of the NGH formation mechanism and advancement in the resource evaluation methods,and promoted more objective evaluation results.Furthermore,the analysis process and improved evaluation method was applied to evaluate the NGH resources in the SCS,showing the similar decreasing trend of NGH resources with time.By utilizing the decreasing trend model,the predicted recoverable resources in the world and the SCS are(205-500)×10^(12)m^(3)and(0.8-6.5)×10^(12)m^(3),respectively,accounting for 20%of the total conventional oil and gas resources.Recoverable NGH resource in the SCS is only about 4%-6%of the previous estimates of 60-90 billion toe.If extracted completely,it only can support the sustainable development of China for 7 years at the current annual consumption level of oil and gas.NGH cannot be the main energy resource in future due to its low resource potential and lack of advantages in recovery.
基金funded by the by the Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42001243,and 42201311)the Humanities and Social Science Project of the Ministry of Education,China(Grants No.20YJC630212,and 22YJCZH071)+1 种基金the Youth Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Grants No.ZR2020QD008)Frontier Science Research Support Program,Management College,OUC(Grants No.MCQYZD2305,and MCQYYB2309).
文摘Tourism resources that span provincial boundaries in China play a pivotal role in regional development,yet effective governance poses persistent challenges.This study addresses this issue by constructing a comprehensive database of transboundary natural tourism resources(TNTR)through amalgamation of diverse data sources.Utilizing the Getis-Ord Gi^(*),kernel density estimation,and geographical detectors,we scrutinize the spatial patterns of TNTR,focusing on both named and unnamed entities,while exploring the influencing factors.Our findings reveal 7883 identified TNTR in China,with mountain tourism resources emerging as the predominant type.Among provinces,Hunan boasts the highest count,while Shanghai exhibits the lowest.Southern China demonstrates a pronounced clustering trend in TNTR distribution,with the spatial arrangement of biological landscapes appearing more random compared to geological and water landscapes.Western China,characterized by intricate terrain,exhibits fewer TNTR,concurrently unveiling a significant presence of unnamed natural tourism resources.Crucially,administrative segmentation influences TNTR development,generating disparities in regional goals,developmental stages and intensities,and management approaches.In response to these variations,we advocate for strengthening the naming of the unnamed transboundary tourism resources,constructing a geographic database of TNTR for government and establishing a collaborative management mechanism based on TNTR database.Our research contributes to elucidating the intricate landscape of TNTR,offering insights for tailored governance strategies in the realm of cross-provincial tourism resource management.
基金This research was jointly supported by the China Geological Survey Project(DD20211404)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2019LH05028).
文摘With the development of the new energy industry and the depletion of nickel sulfide ore resources,laterite nickel ore has become the main source of primary nickel,and nickel for power batteries has become a new growth point in consumption.This paper systematically summarizes the processes,parameters,products,recovery rates,environmental indicators,costs,advantages,disadvantages and the latest research progress of mainstream nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore.It also provides a comparative analysis of the environmental impact and economic efficiency of different nickel extraction processes.It is found that the current nickel extraction processes from laterite nickel ore globally for commercial production mainly include the RKEF process for producing ferronickel and the HPAL process for producing intermediate products.The former accounts for about 80%of laterite nickel ore production.Compared to each other,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity for the RKEF is about 43000$,with an operational cost of about 16000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 77%–90%.Its products are mainly used in stainless steels.For the HPAL process,the investment cost per ton of nickel metal production capacity is about 56000$,with an operational cost of about 15000$per ton of nickel metal and a total nickel recovery rate of 83%–90%.Its products are mainly used in power batteries.The significant differences between the two lies in energy consumption and carbon emissions,with the RKEF being 2.18 and 2.37 times that of the HPAL,respectively.Although the use of clean energy can greatly reduce the operational cost and environmental impact of RKEF,if RKEF is converted to producing high Ni matte,its economic and environmental performance still cannot match that of the HPAL and oxygen-enriched side-blown processes.Therefore,it can be inferred that with the increasing demand for nickel in power batteries,HPAL and oxygen-enriched side blowing processes will play a greater role in laterite nickel extraction.
基金financially supported by China Geological Survey Project(No.DD20220954)Open Funding Project of the Key Laboratory of Groundwater Sciences and Engineering,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.SK202301-4)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of Comprehensive Survey&Command Center for Natural Resources(No.KC20240003)Yanzhao Shanshui Science and Innovation Fund of Langfang Integrated Natural Resources Survey Center,China Geological Survey(No.YZSSJJ202401-001)Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements(No.2022KFKTC009).
文摘Water scarcity and environment deterioration have become main constraints to sustainable economic and social development.Scientifically assessing Water Resources Carrying Capacity(WRCC)is essential for the optimal allocation of regional water resources.The hilly area at the northern foot of Yanshan Mountains is a key water conservation zone and an important water source for Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei.Grasping the current status and temporal trends of water quality and WRCC in representative small watersheds within this region is crucial for supporting rational water resources allocation and environment protection efforts.This study focuses on Pingquan City,a typical watershed in northern Hebei Province.Firstly,evaluation index systems for surface water quality,groundwater quality and WRCC were estab-lished based on the Pressure-State-Response(PSR)framework.Then,comprehensive evaluations of water quality and WRCC at the sub-watershed scale were conducted using the Varying Fuzzy Pattern Recogni-tion(VFPR)model.Finally,the rationality of the evaluation results was verified,and future scenarios were projected.Results showed that:(1)The average comprehensive evaluation scores for surface water and groundwater quality in the sub-watersheds were 1.44 and 1.46,respectively,indicating that both met the national Class II water quality standard and reflected a high-quality water environment.(2)From 2010 to 2020,the region's WRCC steadily improved,with scores rising from 2.99 to 2.83 and an average of 2.90,suggesting effective water resources management in Pingquan City.(3)According to scenario-based predic-tion,WRCC may slightly decline between 2025 and 2030,reaching 2.92 and 2.94,respectively,relative to 2020 levels.Therefore,future efforts should focus on strengthening scientific management and promoting the efficient use of water resources.Proactive measures are necessary to mitigate emerging contradiction and ensure the long-term stability and sustainability of the water resources system in the region.The evalua-tion system and spatiotemporal evolution patterns proposed in this study can provide a scientific basis for refined water resource management and ecological conservation in similar hilly areas.
