The pterosaur collection at the Natural History Museum is of great historical importance. Most of the material is figured or cited, and several specimens are types or casts of types. Pterosaurs from UK localities are ...The pterosaur collection at the Natural History Museum is of great historical importance. Most of the material is figured or cited, and several specimens are types or casts of types. Pterosaurs from UK localities are well represented, but foreign material is also present as original specimens and as high quality casts. The entire collection has been recorded in a database and curatorial improvements have been made, which has improved physical and virtual access to the collection. Although many of the specimens were collected as long ago as the early 1800s, they are still useful today. A full list of Natural History Museum pterosaur specimens is published, for the first time since 1888.展开更多
Porcupines,members of the Hystricidae family,represent a unique group of herbivorous mammals.This study details the identification of a newly discovered mandible fragment of Hystrix primigenia,along with a right cheek ...Porcupines,members of the Hystricidae family,represent a unique group of herbivorous mammals.This study details the identification of a newly discovered mandible fragment of Hystrix primigenia,along with a right cheek tooth series from the middle Turolian Kemiklitepe-A fossil locality.While Hystrix fossils are found in numer-ous localities,the materials are often limited to a few dental fragments or isolated teeth,posing challenges to systematic investigations.The examination of this lower tooth series prompted a comprehensive review of all H.primigeniafindings across Eurasia,shedding light on its adaptive characteristics over time and space.Our paleo-biogeographical analysis indicates the absence of H.depereti in Late Miocene Türkiye,while the dispersal range of H.primigenia is broader than that of H.depereti in Eurasia.Additionally,the study delves into the discussion of H.primigenia and H.deperetifindings in Eurasia,ultimately refining the categorization of Late Miocene Hys-trix discoveries in Türkiye to two species:H.primigenia and H.kayae.Our review suggests the possibility of an additional H.kayaefinding from Samos,Greece.展开更多
The Florida Museum of Natural History＇s McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, has become one of the world＇s largest institutions for research o...The Florida Museum of Natural History＇s McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, has become one of the world＇s largest institutions for research on butterflies and moths, and an important research facility for insect science. The facility was constructed by combining the staff and merging the Lepidoptera holdings from the Allyn Museum of Entomology, the Florida State Collection of Arthropods and other University of Florida collections, and now includes over ten million specimens from all over the world, rivaling some of the largest Lepidoptera research collections globally. The facility includes a team of domestic and international researchers studying many areas of lepidopterology, including behavior, biodiversity, biogeography, ecology, genomics, physiology, systematics and taxonomy. In this paper, we introduce the McGuire Center, its staff, and the many research activities for researchers across entomological disciplines.展开更多
A distinctive pattern of oviposition lesions occurs on a ginkgoalean seed, Yimaia capituliformis,which likely was inflicted by a kalligrammatid lacewing with a long,sword-like,plant-piercing ovipositor.This newly reco...A distinctive pattern of oviposition lesions occurs on a ginkgoalean seed, Yimaia capituliformis,which likely was inflicted by a kalligrammatid lacewing with a long,sword-like,plant-piercing ovipositor.This newly recorded oviposition type,DT272, occurs in the 165 million-year-old Jiulongshan Formation,of Middle Jurassic age,in Northeastern China.DT272 consists from three to seven,approximately equally spaced lesions with surrounding callus tissue,the fabricator of which targeted fleshy outer and inner tissues ofa ginkgophyte fruit.This distinctive damage also is known from the fleshy attachment pad surfaces of basal bennettitalean bracts.Examination of the life history of this probable ginkgoalean-kalligrammatid oviposition interaction indicates that the spacing of the eggs in substrate tissues disfavored inter-larval contact,but little cart be said of defense and counterdefense strategies between the plant host and the newly hatched imrnatures.展开更多
A key limiting factor in organising and using information from physical specimens curated in natural science collections is making that information computable,with institutional digitization tending to focus more on i...A key limiting factor in organising and using information from physical specimens curated in natural science collections is making that information computable,with institutional digitization tending to focus more on imaging the specimens themselves than on efficiently capturing computable data about them.Label data are traditionally manually transcribed today with high cost and low throughput,rendering such a task constrained for many collection-holding institutions at current funding levels.We show how computer vision,optical character recognition,handwriting recognition,named entity recognition and language translation technologies can be implemented into canonical workflow component libraries with findable,accessible,interoperable,and reusable(FAIR)characteristics.These libraries are being developed in a cloudbased workflow plaform-the Specimen Data Refinery'(SDR)-founded on Galaxy workflow engine,Common Workflow Language,Research Object Crates(RO-Crate)and WorkflowHub technologies.The SDR can be applied to specimens'labels and other artefacts,offering the prospect of greatly accelerated and more accurate data capture in computable form.Two kinds of FAIR Digital Objects(FDO)are created by packaging outputs of SDR workflows and workflow components as digital objects with metadata,a persistent identifier,and a specific type definition.The first kind of FDO are computable Digital Specimen(DS)objects that can be consumed/produced by workflows,and other applications.A single DS is the input data structure submitted to a workflow that is modified by each workflow component in turn to produce a refined DS at the end.The Specimen Data Refinery provides a library of such components that can be used individually,or in series.To cofunction,each library component describes the fields it requires from the DS and the fields it will in turn populate or enrich.The second kind of FDO,RO-Crates gather and archive the diverse set of digital and real-world resources,configurations,and actions(the provenance)contributing to a unit of research work,allowing that work to be faithfully recorded and reproduced.Here we describe the Specimen Data Refinery with its motivating requirements,focusing on what is essential in the creation of canonical workflow component libraries and its conformance with the requirements of an emerging FDO Core Specification being developed by the FDO Forum.展开更多
The genus Cricotopus,belonging to the subfamily Orthocladinae of the family Chironomidae,is one of the species-rich groups in this subfamily.In this study,we conducted the identification,description,and revision of do...The genus Cricotopus,belonging to the subfamily Orthocladinae of the family Chironomidae,is one of the species-rich groups in this subfamily.In this study,we conducted the identification,description,and revision of domestic specimens of the genus Cricotopus collected from various regions across the country over 20 years(19762005),comb through 11 species of 4 subgenera of Cricotopus in China,including 6 species in subgenus Cricotopus,3 species in Isocladius,1 species in Nostococladius,and 1 species in Pseudocricotopus.A key that supplements important basic data for the taxonomic research of this genus is provided.展开更多
The critically endangered Chinese Crested Tern(CThalasseus bernsteini,CCT)and its common flocking companion,the Greater Crested Tern(Thalasseus bergii,GCT),have been the focus of targeted recovery efforts in the Jiush...The critically endangered Chinese Crested Tern(CThalasseus bernsteini,CCT)and its common flocking companion,the Greater Crested Tern(Thalasseus bergii,GCT),have been the focus of targeted recovery efforts in the Jiushan Archipelago of Zhejiang Province,China since 2013.To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these measures and address key knowledge gaps in population dynamics and migration ecology,we analyzed ten years(2015-2024)of banding and citizen science data,comprising 116 CCT and 3501 GCT resighting records.We estimated survival rates using both directly derived survival rate(based on resighting rate after two years)and Cormack-Jolly-Seber modeling,and examined migration connectivity and climate risks.Results showed robust juvenile survival:modeled survival for the tern chick population was lower in the first two years(63.9±12.0%)but exceeded 78%thereafter.This was also supported by resighting rate after two years:CCT 77.27%,GCT70.42%.A key divergence in post-breeding migration was identified:CCT moves northward to stopover sites such as Nantong,Rizhao,and Jiaozhou Bay,whereas GCT migrates southward.Climate data confirmed that northern stopover sites do not pose higher storm risks,indicating that CCT's northward migration is not a population liability.Furthermore,connectivity among breeding islands in Zhejiang and the Matsu Archipelago reveals a nascent coastal breeding network along China's coast.These findings underscore the importance of protecting both the northern migration route and the breeding island network to ensure full life-cycle conservation of CCT.展开更多
Stephanodiscaceae is one of the most diverse family of the freshwater centric diatoms.However,the scarcity of whole plastome data poses a significant challenge to the undertaking of genomic studies on this taxonomic g...Stephanodiscaceae is one of the most diverse family of the freshwater centric diatoms.However,the scarcity of whole plastome data poses a significant challenge to the undertaking of genomic studies on this taxonomic group.We collected data on the plastid genomes from 33 members of the Stephanodiscaceae and its close relatives,including 12 newly-sequenced genomes and 21 deposited in National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI).Phylogenetic trees are yielded five major clades based on homologous genes.The features of the plastid genomes,including repeat sequences,codon usage,and selection pressure for each clade,are analyzed.The paper makes a contribution to the field of diatom genomics by describing the structural characteristics of the plastid genomes in the Stephanodiscaceae and its closely related species,complemented by related analyses.It provides crucial data that will serve as indispensable references for future research.展开更多
The wood anatomy of corystosperms is fundamentally consistent with that of gymnosperms,yet their growth ring boundaries share anatomical features with extant angiosperms.This transitional morphology strongly supports ...The wood anatomy of corystosperms is fundamentally consistent with that of gymnosperms,yet their growth ring boundaries share anatomical features with extant angiosperms.This transitional morphology strongly supports the interpretation of corystosperms as an evolutionary intermediate between gymnosperms and angiosperms.The first application of X-Ray fluorescence(XRF)chemical analysis to fossil wood taxa of Fengweioxylon yielded the above conclusion.By using growth ring analysis and ecological reconstructions,we suggest that corystosperms were large evergreen trees with leaf retention periods of three to five years.They likely thrived in warm summer environments where prolonged foliage retention provided adaptive benefits.展开更多
Migratory divides,where individuals from distinct breeding populations within a species exhibit divergent migratory routes and strategies,play a critical role in shaping avian ecology and evolution.These divides can d...Migratory divides,where individuals from distinct breeding populations within a species exhibit divergent migratory routes and strategies,play a critical role in shaping avian ecology and evolution.These divides can drive intraspecific genetic divergence and promote reproductive isolation,potentially leading to population differentiation and speciation.Understanding the migration strategies of populations utilizing distinct flyways is essential not only for elucidating the mechanisms underlying migration patterns but also for informing effective species conservation efforts.From 2014 to 2023,we used satellite tracking to monitor the migration patterns of 87 White-naped Cranes(Antigone vipio)from the species'two breeding populations—western(Mongolia)and eastern(Songnen Plain,China).We delineated their migratory routes,quantified key migration parameters,and identified their population-and season-specific differences in migratory strategies.Our results indicate that the Greater Khingan Mountains and the Bohai-Yellow Sea formed a distinct migratory barrier separating the eastern and western populations.Significant differences in migration strategies were observed between populations and seasons.The western population adopts a"longer-distance,slower-speed,more-stopover"strategy,while the eastern population employs a"shorter-distance,higher-speed,fewer-stopover"strategy.Our study identifies the migratory divides between the two populations of White-naped Cranes and highlights the importance of migratory divides in shaping distinct migration strategies.These findings enhance our understanding of the factors driving population-specific migration strategies and provide a foundation for tailored conservation efforts for these populations.展开更多
We review the fossil history of seed plant genera that are now endemic to eastern Asia. Although the majority of eastern Asian endemic genera have no known fossil record at all, 54 genera, or about 9%, are reliably kn...We review the fossil history of seed plant genera that are now endemic to eastern Asia. Although the majority of eastern Asian endemic genera have no known fossil record at all, 54 genera, or about 9%, are reliably known from the fossil record. Most of these are woody （with two exceptions）, and most are today either broadly East Asian, or more specifically confined to Sino-Japanese subcategory rather than being endemic to the Sino-Himalayan area. Of the ＂eastern Asian endemic＂ genera so far known from the fossil record, the majority formerly occurred in Europe and/or North America, indicating that eastern Asia served as a late Tertiary or Quaternary refugium for taxa. Hence, many of these genera may have originated in other parts of the Northern Hemisphere and expanded their ranges across continents and former sea barriers when tectonic and climatic conditions allowed, leading to their arrival in eastern Asia. Although clear evidence for paleoendemism is provided by the gymnosperms Amentotaxus, Cathaya, Cephalotaxus, Cunninghamia, Cryptomeria, Glyptostrobus, Ginkgo, Keteleeria, Metasequoia, Nothotsuga, Pseudolarix, Sciadopitys, and Taiwania, and the angiosperms Cercidiphyllum, Choerospondias, Corylopsis, Craigia, Cyclocarya, Davidia, Dipelta, Decaisnea, Diplopanax, Dipteronia, Emmenopterys, Eucommia, Euscaphis, Hemiptelea, Hovenia, Koelreuteria, Paulownia, Phellodendron, Platycarya, Pteroceltis, Rehderodendron, Sargentodoxa, Schizophragma, Sinomenium, Tapiscia, Tetracentron, Toricellia, Trapella, and Trochodendron, we cannot rule out the possibility that neoendemism plays an important role especially for herbaceous taxa in the present-day flora of Asia, particularly in the Sino-Himalayan region. In addition to reviewing paleobotanical occurrences from the literature, we document newly recognized fossil occurrences that expand the geographic and stratigraphic ranges previously known for Dipelta, Pteroceltis, and Toricellia.展开更多
On the basis of morphological observations, life history and molecular phylogeny, Grateloupia yangjiangensis, which is similar to G. filicina, G. orientalis, G. catenata, and G. ramosissima in appearance, was re-exami...On the basis of morphological observations, life history and molecular phylogeny, Grateloupia yangjiangensis, which is similar to G. filicina, G. orientalis, G. catenata, and G. ramosissima in appearance, was re-examined. The results are as follows：（1） the auxiliary-cell ampullae of G. yangjiangensis were of Grateloupia type, thalli was fleshy and gelatinous in texture, and the erect axes were compressed; the cortex was 0.25–0.30 mm thick, consisting of five to seven outer layers, and there were five inner layers of triangular or stellate cells;（2） there was no filamentous stage in the development of the carpospores;（3） the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene（rbcL） sequence of four G. yangjiangensis examined showed that there was no intergeneric divergence among them, and for the phylogenetic tree, four sequences of G. yangjiangensis formed a single monophyletic subclade within the large Grateloupia clade of Halymeniaceae. In conclusion, G. yangjiangensis was a single species within the genus Grateloupia. This research provided criterion for identification and cultivation of G. yangjiangensis.展开更多
Morphometrics has been pursued by graphical and computational means since the European Renaissance, drawing on core geometric principles first discovered in China and Classical Greece. Through the late 1800s, two dist...Morphometrics has been pursued by graphical and computational means since the European Renaissance, drawing on core geometric principles first discovered in China and Classical Greece. Through the late 1800s, two distinct approaches to such analyses were pursued： a deformationist approach, epitomized by D＇Arcy Thompson＇s graphical trans-formation grids and the statistical approach popularized by Francis Galton, Karl Pearson, and Julian Huxley in which Cartesian spaces were employed to summarize patterns of variation in size and/or shape variables. Unification of these approaches was an off-stated goal throughout the 20th century, but proved elusive until the mid-1980s when David Kendall, Fred Bookstein, and Colin Goodall proposed a radically new way of understanding form -- as the locations of configurations of landmarks on the surfaces of a nested series of hyperdimensional manifolds. Once this new mathematics of form was understood development of basic concepts, procedures, graphical tools, and statistical tests followed quickly such that the core of the long-hoped for synthesis took less than a decade to achieve. The result-- geometric morphometrics -- continues to develop into an ever-more extensive toolkit that can be used by researchers to describe and understand a wide range of problems involving the characterization of morphological similarities and differences in all of their many and varied contexts. In particular, the new approaches involving the direct analysis of image pixels and new tools such as machine learning and artificial intelligence are set to reinvigorate （and possibly to revolutionize） the field once again.展开更多
In response to new European Union regulations,studies are underway to mitigate accumulation of toxic cadmium(Cd)in cacao(Theobroma cacao,Tc).This study advances such research with Cd isotope analyses of 19 genetically...In response to new European Union regulations,studies are underway to mitigate accumulation of toxic cadmium(Cd)in cacao(Theobroma cacao,Tc).This study advances such research with Cd isotope analyses of 19 genetically diverse cacao clones and yeast transformed to express cacao natural resistance-associated macrophage protein(NRAMP5)and heavy metal ATPases(HMAs).The plants were enriched in light Cd isotopes relative to the hydroponic solution withΔ^(114/110)Cd_(tot-sol)=−0.22±0.08‰.Leaves show a systematic enrichment of isotopically heavy Cd relative to total plants,in accord with closed-system isotope fractionation ofΔ^(114/110)C_(dseq-mob)=−0.13‰,by sequestering isotopically light Cd in roots/stems and mobilisation of remaining Cd to leaves.The findings demonstrate that(i)transfer of Cd between roots and leaves is primarily unidirectional;(ii)different clones utilise similar pathways for Cd sequestration,which differ from those of other studied plants;(iii)clones differ in their efficiency of Cd sequestration.Transgenic yeast that expresses TcNRAMP5(T.cacao natural resistance-associated macrophage gene)had isotopically lighter Cd than did cacao.This suggests that NRAMP5 transporters constitute an important pathway for uptake of Cd by cacao.Cd isotope signatures of transgenic yeast expressing HMA-family proteins suggest that they may contribute to Cd sequestration.The data are the first to record isotope fractionation induced by transporter proteins in vivo.展开更多
基金the Palaeontology Investment Fund committee for agreeing to fund my attendance at the 3rdInternational Symposium on Pterosaurs in Beijing
文摘The pterosaur collection at the Natural History Museum is of great historical importance. Most of the material is figured or cited, and several specimens are types or casts of types. Pterosaurs from UK localities are well represented, but foreign material is also present as original specimens and as high quality casts. The entire collection has been recorded in a database and curatorial improvements have been made, which has improved physical and virtual access to the collection. Although many of the specimens were collected as long ago as the early 1800s, they are still useful today. A full list of Natural History Museum pterosaur specimens is published, for the first time since 1888.
基金supported through TUB˙ITAK(The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye)2218—National Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program(Project number:123C151)supported through TUB˙ITAK(2221—Fellowships for Visiting Scientists and Scientists on Sabbatical Leave)+2 种基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(International Scientists ProjectFunding No.IS23086)by the Research Fund for International Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42350410443).
文摘Porcupines,members of the Hystricidae family,represent a unique group of herbivorous mammals.This study details the identification of a newly discovered mandible fragment of Hystrix primigenia,along with a right cheek tooth series from the middle Turolian Kemiklitepe-A fossil locality.While Hystrix fossils are found in numer-ous localities,the materials are often limited to a few dental fragments or isolated teeth,posing challenges to systematic investigations.The examination of this lower tooth series prompted a comprehensive review of all H.primigeniafindings across Eurasia,shedding light on its adaptive characteristics over time and space.Our paleo-biogeographical analysis indicates the absence of H.depereti in Late Miocene Türkiye,while the dispersal range of H.primigenia is broader than that of H.depereti in Eurasia.Additionally,the study delves into the discussion of H.primigenia and H.deperetifindings in Eurasia,ultimately refining the categorization of Late Miocene Hys-trix discoveries in Türkiye to two species:H.primigenia and H.kayae.Our review suggests the possibility of an additional H.kayaefinding from Samos,Greece.
文摘The Florida Museum of Natural History＇s McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, has become one of the world＇s largest institutions for research on butterflies and moths, and an important research facility for insect science. The facility was constructed by combining the staff and merging the Lepidoptera holdings from the Allyn Museum of Entomology, the Florida State Collection of Arthropods and other University of Florida collections, and now includes over ten million specimens from all over the world, rivaling some of the largest Lepidoptera research collections globally. The facility includes a team of domestic and international researchers studying many areas of lepidopterology, including behavior, biodiversity, biogeography, ecology, genomics, physiology, systematics and taxonomy. In this paper, we introduce the McGuire Center, its staff, and the many research activities for researchers across entomological disciplines.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31672323,41688103)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT17R75).
文摘A distinctive pattern of oviposition lesions occurs on a ginkgoalean seed, Yimaia capituliformis,which likely was inflicted by a kalligrammatid lacewing with a long,sword-like,plant-piercing ovipositor.This newly recorded oviposition type,DT272, occurs in the 165 million-year-old Jiulongshan Formation,of Middle Jurassic age,in Northeastern China.DT272 consists from three to seven,approximately equally spaced lesions with surrounding callus tissue,the fabricator of which targeted fleshy outer and inner tissues ofa ginkgophyte fruit.This distinctive damage also is known from the fleshy attachment pad surfaces of basal bennettitalean bracts.Examination of the life history of this probable ginkgoalean-kalligrammatid oviposition interaction indicates that the spacing of the eggs in substrate tissues disfavored inter-larval contact,but little cart be said of defense and counterdefense strategies between the plant host and the newly hatched imrnatures.
基金funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement numbers 823827(SYNTHESYS Plus),871043(DisSCo Prepare),823830(BioExcel-2),824087(EOSC-Life).
文摘A key limiting factor in organising and using information from physical specimens curated in natural science collections is making that information computable,with institutional digitization tending to focus more on imaging the specimens themselves than on efficiently capturing computable data about them.Label data are traditionally manually transcribed today with high cost and low throughput,rendering such a task constrained for many collection-holding institutions at current funding levels.We show how computer vision,optical character recognition,handwriting recognition,named entity recognition and language translation technologies can be implemented into canonical workflow component libraries with findable,accessible,interoperable,and reusable(FAIR)characteristics.These libraries are being developed in a cloudbased workflow plaform-the Specimen Data Refinery'(SDR)-founded on Galaxy workflow engine,Common Workflow Language,Research Object Crates(RO-Crate)and WorkflowHub technologies.The SDR can be applied to specimens'labels and other artefacts,offering the prospect of greatly accelerated and more accurate data capture in computable form.Two kinds of FAIR Digital Objects(FDO)are created by packaging outputs of SDR workflows and workflow components as digital objects with metadata,a persistent identifier,and a specific type definition.The first kind of FDO are computable Digital Specimen(DS)objects that can be consumed/produced by workflows,and other applications.A single DS is the input data structure submitted to a workflow that is modified by each workflow component in turn to produce a refined DS at the end.The Specimen Data Refinery provides a library of such components that can be used individually,or in series.To cofunction,each library component describes the fields it requires from the DS and the fields it will in turn populate or enrich.The second kind of FDO,RO-Crates gather and archive the diverse set of digital and real-world resources,configurations,and actions(the provenance)contributing to a unit of research work,allowing that work to be faithfully recorded and reproduced.Here we describe the Specimen Data Refinery with its motivating requirements,focusing on what is essential in the creation of canonical workflow component libraries and its conformance with the requirements of an emerging FDO Core Specification being developed by the FDO Forum.
文摘The genus Cricotopus,belonging to the subfamily Orthocladinae of the family Chironomidae,is one of the species-rich groups in this subfamily.In this study,we conducted the identification,description,and revision of domestic specimens of the genus Cricotopus collected from various regions across the country over 20 years(19762005),comb through 11 species of 4 subgenera of Cricotopus in China,including 6 species in subgenus Cricotopus,3 species in Isocladius,1 species in Nostococladius,and 1 species in Pseudocricotopus.A key that supplements important basic data for the taxonomic research of this genus is provided.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32370545)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C02044)Zhejiang Rare and Endangered Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Project(2021–2025)。
文摘The critically endangered Chinese Crested Tern(CThalasseus bernsteini,CCT)and its common flocking companion,the Greater Crested Tern(Thalasseus bergii,GCT),have been the focus of targeted recovery efforts in the Jiushan Archipelago of Zhejiang Province,China since 2013.To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these measures and address key knowledge gaps in population dynamics and migration ecology,we analyzed ten years(2015-2024)of banding and citizen science data,comprising 116 CCT and 3501 GCT resighting records.We estimated survival rates using both directly derived survival rate(based on resighting rate after two years)and Cormack-Jolly-Seber modeling,and examined migration connectivity and climate risks.Results showed robust juvenile survival:modeled survival for the tern chick population was lower in the first two years(63.9±12.0%)but exceeded 78%thereafter.This was also supported by resighting rate after two years:CCT 77.27%,GCT70.42%.A key divergence in post-breeding migration was identified:CCT moves northward to stopover sites such as Nantong,Rizhao,and Jiaozhou Bay,whereas GCT migrates southward.Climate data confirmed that northern stopover sites do not pose higher storm risks,indicating that CCT's northward migration is not a population liability.Furthermore,connectivity among breeding islands in Zhejiang and the Matsu Archipelago reveals a nascent coastal breeding network along China's coast.These findings underscore the importance of protecting both the northern migration route and the breeding island network to ensure full life-cycle conservation of CCT.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31970217)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institution in Shanxi(No.2019L0070)。
文摘Stephanodiscaceae is one of the most diverse family of the freshwater centric diatoms.However,the scarcity of whole plastome data poses a significant challenge to the undertaking of genomic studies on this taxonomic group.We collected data on the plastid genomes from 33 members of the Stephanodiscaceae and its close relatives,including 12 newly-sequenced genomes and 21 deposited in National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI).Phylogenetic trees are yielded five major clades based on homologous genes.The features of the plastid genomes,including repeat sequences,codon usage,and selection pressure for each clade,are analyzed.The paper makes a contribution to the field of diatom genomics by describing the structural characteristics of the plastid genomes in the Stephanodiscaceae and its closely related species,complemented by related analyses.It provides crucial data that will serve as indispensable references for future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2544204,42172034,42330208,42288201)the China Geological Survey Project(Grant Nos.DD20243469,DD20221829).
文摘The wood anatomy of corystosperms is fundamentally consistent with that of gymnosperms,yet their growth ring boundaries share anatomical features with extant angiosperms.This transitional morphology strongly supports the interpretation of corystosperms as an evolutionary intermediate between gymnosperms and angiosperms.The first application of X-Ray fluorescence(XRF)chemical analysis to fossil wood taxa of Fengweioxylon yielded the above conclusion.By using growth ring analysis and ecological reconstructions,we suggest that corystosperms were large evergreen trees with leaf retention periods of three to five years.They likely thrived in warm summer environments where prolonged foliage retention provided adaptive benefits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770573)。
文摘Migratory divides,where individuals from distinct breeding populations within a species exhibit divergent migratory routes and strategies,play a critical role in shaping avian ecology and evolution.These divides can drive intraspecific genetic divergence and promote reproductive isolation,potentially leading to population differentiation and speciation.Understanding the migration strategies of populations utilizing distinct flyways is essential not only for elucidating the mechanisms underlying migration patterns but also for informing effective species conservation efforts.From 2014 to 2023,we used satellite tracking to monitor the migration patterns of 87 White-naped Cranes(Antigone vipio)from the species'two breeding populations—western(Mongolia)and eastern(Songnen Plain,China).We delineated their migratory routes,quantified key migration parameters,and identified their population-and season-specific differences in migratory strategies.Our results indicate that the Greater Khingan Mountains and the Bohai-Yellow Sea formed a distinct migratory barrier separating the eastern and western populations.Significant differences in migration strategies were observed between populations and seasons.The western population adopts a"longer-distance,slower-speed,more-stopover"strategy,while the eastern population employs a"shorter-distance,higher-speed,fewer-stopover"strategy.Our study identifies the migratory divides between the two populations of White-naped Cranes and highlights the importance of migratory divides in shaping distinct migration strategies.These findings enhance our understanding of the factors driving population-specific migration strategies and provide a foundation for tailored conservation efforts for these populations.
基金supported in part by US National Science Foundation grants EAR 9220079,0174295INT 0074295 to SRM+4 种基金National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program No.2007CB411600)Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-R-136) to CZDin part by Research Project of the National Museum of Nature of Science (20077005)the Monbusho Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (17540446) for KUsupported through SRM's participation in the NSF (NESCent)-sponsored Phytogeography of the Northern Hemisphere Working Group
文摘We review the fossil history of seed plant genera that are now endemic to eastern Asia. Although the majority of eastern Asian endemic genera have no known fossil record at all, 54 genera, or about 9%, are reliably known from the fossil record. Most of these are woody （with two exceptions）, and most are today either broadly East Asian, or more specifically confined to Sino-Japanese subcategory rather than being endemic to the Sino-Himalayan area. Of the ＂eastern Asian endemic＂ genera so far known from the fossil record, the majority formerly occurred in Europe and/or North America, indicating that eastern Asia served as a late Tertiary or Quaternary refugium for taxa. Hence, many of these genera may have originated in other parts of the Northern Hemisphere and expanded their ranges across continents and former sea barriers when tectonic and climatic conditions allowed, leading to their arrival in eastern Asia. Although clear evidence for paleoendemism is provided by the gymnosperms Amentotaxus, Cathaya, Cephalotaxus, Cunninghamia, Cryptomeria, Glyptostrobus, Ginkgo, Keteleeria, Metasequoia, Nothotsuga, Pseudolarix, Sciadopitys, and Taiwania, and the angiosperms Cercidiphyllum, Choerospondias, Corylopsis, Craigia, Cyclocarya, Davidia, Dipelta, Decaisnea, Diplopanax, Dipteronia, Emmenopterys, Eucommia, Euscaphis, Hemiptelea, Hovenia, Koelreuteria, Paulownia, Phellodendron, Platycarya, Pteroceltis, Rehderodendron, Sargentodoxa, Schizophragma, Sinomenium, Tapiscia, Tetracentron, Toricellia, Trapella, and Trochodendron, we cannot rule out the possibility that neoendemism plays an important role especially for herbaceous taxa in the present-day flora of Asia, particularly in the Sino-Himalayan region. In addition to reviewing paleobotanical occurrences from the literature, we document newly recognized fossil occurrences that expand the geographic and stratigraphic ranges previously known for Dipelta, Pteroceltis, and Toricellia.
基金The general program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under contract Nos 30870161 and 31270251
文摘On the basis of morphological observations, life history and molecular phylogeny, Grateloupia yangjiangensis, which is similar to G. filicina, G. orientalis, G. catenata, and G. ramosissima in appearance, was re-examined. The results are as follows：（1） the auxiliary-cell ampullae of G. yangjiangensis were of Grateloupia type, thalli was fleshy and gelatinous in texture, and the erect axes were compressed; the cortex was 0.25–0.30 mm thick, consisting of five to seven outer layers, and there were five inner layers of triangular or stellate cells;（2） there was no filamentous stage in the development of the carpospores;（3） the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene（rbcL） sequence of four G. yangjiangensis examined showed that there was no intergeneric divergence among them, and for the phylogenetic tree, four sequences of G. yangjiangensis formed a single monophyletic subclade within the large Grateloupia clade of Halymeniaceae. In conclusion, G. yangjiangensis was a single species within the genus Grateloupia. This research provided criterion for identification and cultivation of G. yangjiangensis.
文摘Morphometrics has been pursued by graphical and computational means since the European Renaissance, drawing on core geometric principles first discovered in China and Classical Greece. Through the late 1800s, two distinct approaches to such analyses were pursued： a deformationist approach, epitomized by D＇Arcy Thompson＇s graphical trans-formation grids and the statistical approach popularized by Francis Galton, Karl Pearson, and Julian Huxley in which Cartesian spaces were employed to summarize patterns of variation in size and/or shape variables. Unification of these approaches was an off-stated goal throughout the 20th century, but proved elusive until the mid-1980s when David Kendall, Fred Bookstein, and Colin Goodall proposed a radically new way of understanding form -- as the locations of configurations of landmarks on the surfaces of a nested series of hyperdimensional manifolds. Once this new mathematics of form was understood development of basic concepts, procedures, graphical tools, and statistical tests followed quickly such that the core of the long-hoped for synthesis took less than a decade to achieve. The result-- geometric morphometrics -- continues to develop into an ever-more extensive toolkit that can be used by researchers to describe and understand a wide range of problems involving the characterization of morphological similarities and differences in all of their many and varied contexts. In particular, the new approaches involving the direct analysis of image pixels and new tools such as machine learning and artificial intelligence are set to reinvigorate （and possibly to revolutionize） the field once again.
基金supported by grants from the GCRF programmes of STFC(grants ST/P003257/1,4070200262)and UKRI(grant EP/S515875/1)to M.R.as well as funding from Mars Wrigley Confectionery to J.M.D.and M.R.and Cocoa Research UK to J.M.D.V.H.d.O.was supported by CAPES(Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel—Brazil)[project:13462-13-0].
文摘In response to new European Union regulations,studies are underway to mitigate accumulation of toxic cadmium(Cd)in cacao(Theobroma cacao,Tc).This study advances such research with Cd isotope analyses of 19 genetically diverse cacao clones and yeast transformed to express cacao natural resistance-associated macrophage protein(NRAMP5)and heavy metal ATPases(HMAs).The plants were enriched in light Cd isotopes relative to the hydroponic solution withΔ^(114/110)Cd_(tot-sol)=−0.22±0.08‰.Leaves show a systematic enrichment of isotopically heavy Cd relative to total plants,in accord with closed-system isotope fractionation ofΔ^(114/110)C_(dseq-mob)=−0.13‰,by sequestering isotopically light Cd in roots/stems and mobilisation of remaining Cd to leaves.The findings demonstrate that(i)transfer of Cd between roots and leaves is primarily unidirectional;(ii)different clones utilise similar pathways for Cd sequestration,which differ from those of other studied plants;(iii)clones differ in their efficiency of Cd sequestration.Transgenic yeast that expresses TcNRAMP5(T.cacao natural resistance-associated macrophage gene)had isotopically lighter Cd than did cacao.This suggests that NRAMP5 transporters constitute an important pathway for uptake of Cd by cacao.Cd isotope signatures of transgenic yeast expressing HMA-family proteins suggest that they may contribute to Cd sequestration.The data are the first to record isotope fractionation induced by transporter proteins in vivo.
