Periodontitis has emerged as one of the most critical oral diseases, and research on this condition holds great importance for the advancement of stomatology. As the most authoritative national scientific research fun...Periodontitis has emerged as one of the most critical oral diseases, and research on this condition holds great importance for the advancement of stomatology. As the most authoritative national scientific research funding institution in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has played a pivotal role in driving the progress of periodontal science by supporting research on periodontitis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research and development progress related to periodontitis in China from 2014 to 2023, highlighting the significant contributions of the NSFC to this field. We have summarized the detailed funding information from the NSFC, including the number of applicant codes, funded programs and the distribution of funded scholars. These data illustrate the efforts of the NSFC in cultivating young scientists and building research groups to address key challenges in national scientific research. This study offers an overview of the current hot topics, recent breakthroughs and future research prospects related to periodontitis in China.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA) in China is gradually becoming an important scientific research area that has had a significant impact on research and development(R&D) activities in the OA field worldwide. This article summari...Osteoarthritis(OA) in China is gradually becoming an important scientific research area that has had a significant impact on research and development(R&D) activities in the OA field worldwide. This article summarizes the R&D progress related to OA in China in recent years. The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) is a national funding institution for basic research and plays a critical role in promoting and supporting Chinese scholars’ R&D activities. We collected and analyzed information on NSFC funding in the field of OA from 2010 to 2019, including the amount, the level and the program categories of the funded projects. The data fully demonstrate the important and positive role of the NSFC in supporting free exploration, cultivating research teams and young talent, and boosting OA R&D. In this article, we outline and discuss hot topics in focused areas, key advances in this field and the prospects for progress in OA research in China.展开更多
"Reproductive health"was officially defined as humans and their individual activities related to reproduction throughout their lives,which should be in good health in physical,psychological,and social aspect..."Reproductive health"was officially defined as humans and their individual activities related to reproduction throughout their lives,which should be in good health in physical,psychological,and social aspects.1 The basic research on male reproductive health in China can be traced back to the 1960s.2 Since the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)began systematic support for basic research on male reproductive health in 1988,the field has been systematically developed in China.In this regard,we analyze the role of the NSFC on the development of basic research in the field of male reproductive health in China.展开更多
This paper analyzes the role of the National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC） in advancing human geography in China by focusing on five key research areas： land use, urban systems and urban agglomeration, ...This paper analyzes the role of the National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC） in advancing human geography in China by focusing on five key research areas： land use, urban systems and urban agglomeration, economic globalization, climate change and social and cultural geographies. All NSFC-funded human geography programs related to these five topics from 1986 to 2017 comprise the sample for analysis, and the research topics, content, teams, and peer-reviewed journal publications supported by these programs are investigated. Specifically, this paper analyzes the NSFC＇s promotion of the expansion of research topics in response to national developmental needs and the shifting frontiers of human geography research internationally, its enhancement of interdisciplinary research, and its contributions to the assembly of specialized research teams. The paper also reports important progress in Chinese human geography over the past 30 years through the institutional lens of the NSFC, revealing major characteristics and trends in the discipline. The paper concludes by calling for further collaboration between the research community and the NSFC for the development of a locally suitable and globally influential Chinese human geography.展开更多
Objective This study explains the application number and funding rate of oncology projects undertaken by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),with focus on tumor radiotherapy-related research over th...Objective This study explains the application number and funding rate of oncology projects undertaken by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),with focus on tumor radiotherapy-related research over the past 11 years.Methods A stratified analysis was carried out on the application and funding status of tumor radiotherapy studies in different NSFC project categories,different research areas,and different tumor types.Research areas that required specific focus,such as immunology-related radiotherapy,multimodality imaging and radiomics,and post-radiotherapy organ injury,were separately analyzed.Results The status and development trends of various related research fields were studied,and the research results were presented with the support of the NSFC,in order to provide reference for future applications and funding allocations.Conclusion The number of applications for funding increases every year.Although the total number of funded projects has also increased every year,the funding rate has decreased year by year.Projects on radiotherapy and immunization have been at the forefront in recent years,and the funding rate for these projects increases yearly.展开更多
The National Natural Science Foundation of China is one of the major funding agencies for neuro rehabilitation research in China.This study reviews the frontier directions and achievements in the field of neurorehabil...The National Natural Science Foundation of China is one of the major funding agencies for neuro rehabilitation research in China.This study reviews the frontier directions and achievements in the field of neurorehabilitation in China and wo rldwide.We used data from the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC) database to analyze the publications and data provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to analyze funding information.In addition,the prospects for neurorehabilitation research in China are discussed.From 2010 to 2022,a total of 74,220 publications in neurorehabilitation were identified,with there being an overall upward tendency.During this period,the National Natural Science Foundation of China has funded 476 research projects with a total funding of 192.38 million RMB to support neuro rehabilitation research in China.With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China has made some achievements in neurorehabilitation research.Research related to neurorehabilitation is believed to be making steady and significant progress in China.展开更多
According to the developing trends of plant science and the traits of the division of botany,"attaching importance to the frontiers in botany,supporting weak subdisciplines,and paying attention to newly growing p...According to the developing trends of plant science and the traits of the division of botany,"attaching importance to the frontiers in botany,supporting weak subdisciplines,and paying attention to newly growing points"is picked up as the funding strategy of Division of Botany in NSFC.The budget and the number of projects funded have increased year after year in recent four years,and in 2004,the budget and the number of projects funded are twice of that in 2001.The paper presents principle adopted in recommending projects to be funded and briefly introduces the applications as well as a survey of fund.The list of programs funded by Division of Botany in 2004 is provided.展开更多
Exosomes are characterized as extracellular vesicles(EVs)ranging from 30-150 nm in diameter that widely exist in body fluids,tissues and organs and are important intercellular communicators.Since their discovery in 19...Exosomes are characterized as extracellular vesicles(EVs)ranging from 30-150 nm in diameter that widely exist in body fluids,tissues and organs and are important intercellular communicators.Since their discovery in 1983,exosomes’unique properties have drawn undistracted attention for 40 years.Particularly during the past decade,exosomes have become a research hotspot worldwide.The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)is one of the most important funding agencies for basic research in China.Since its first-ever application in 2008,the NSFC has launched 3,144 projects related to exosomes,which has contributed to elevating the research and cultivating talent in this field.Exosome research supported by the NSFC has diversified into several main research directions to meet the needs of different disciplines through basic and translational studies.In this study,we review exosome-related applications and funded projects of the NSFC to provide an outline of exosome research progress in China,aiming to increase awareness and inspire innovative research related to exosomes.展开更多
Using National Natural Science Foundation of China data at funding of Chinese chemistry projects over the past five years,we summarize the funding strategies and development trends in basic research in chemical scienc...Using National Natural Science Foundation of China data at funding of Chinese chemistry projects over the past five years,we summarize the funding strategies and development trends in basic research in chemical science in China.We do this in order to strengthen key strategic fields and cutting-edge deployment and propose what we believe are the current weaknesses and shortcomings in fundamental research in chemical science in China to provide a basis for future funding strategies.展开更多
According to National Science Foundation （NSF） Director A. Bement, ‘Transformative research is... research driven by ideas that stand a reasonable chance of radically changing our understanding of an important exis...According to National Science Foundation （NSF） Director A. Bement, ‘Transformative research is... research driven by ideas that stand a reasonable chance of radically changing our understanding of an important existing scientific concept or leading to the creation of a new paradigm or field of science is also characterized by its challenge to current understanding or its pathway to new frontiers.＇ Nanotechnology is one of such frontiers. It is the creation of new materials, devices and systems at the molecular level--phenomena associated with atomic and molecular interactions strongly influence macroscopic material properties with significantly improved mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical... properties. Former NSF Director Rita Colwell in 2002 declared, ‘nanoscale technology will have an impact equal to the Industrial Revolution＇. The transcendent technologies include nanotechnology, microelectronics, information technology and biotechnology as well as the enabling and supporting mechanical and civil infrastructure systems and materials. These technologies are the primary drivers of the twenty first century and the new economy. Mechanics is an essential eleraent in all of the transcendent technologies. Research opportunities, education and challenges in mechanics, including experimental, numerical and analytical methods in nanomechanics, carbon nano-tubes, bio-inspired materials, fuel cells, as well as improved engineering and design of materials are presented and discussed in this paper.展开更多
Whether the goal is to meet global challenges or to enable a paradigm shift,it is always essential for science to move beyond conventional thinking.Moreover,the mutually beneficial interactions between global challeng...Whether the goal is to meet global challenges or to enable a paradigm shift,it is always essential for science to move beyond conventional thinking.Moreover,the mutually beneficial interactions between global challenges and paradigm shifts require a great deal of effort.To this end,it is imperative for the scientific community not only to respond to major challenges by shifting paradigms in science but also to drive paradigm shifts in science by responding to major challenges.This aim sets a higher bar for scientists as,in order to achieve it,we must properly identify the scientific questions in research and better utilize existing knowledge.At present,however,we are not paying sufficient attention to this aim,nor are we sufficiently competent in this regard.It is essential for the global scientific community to pay more attention to these interconnected issues of global challenges and paradigm shifts.展开更多
International and domestic circumstances have led to new opportunities and higher requirements for the development of geographic science in China.In this paper,we propose a modified disciplinary structure for geograph...International and domestic circumstances have led to new opportunities and higher requirements for the development of geographic science in China.In this paper,we propose a modified disciplinary structure for geographic science in China in the new era.Geographic science in China can be categorized into four secondary disciplines,i.e.,integrated geography,physical geography,human geography,and information geography,according to the current situation and expected trends.The tertiary disciplines under each secondary discipline are nearly fully developed,and a few quaternary disciplines under the tertiary disciplines are widely accepted and used in China.We hope this new disciplinary structure can play a breakthrough role in improving the branches of geographic science,promoting the development of emerging disciplines under the framework of geographic science,and supporting national and international development strategies in the new era.展开更多
Supported by the"Special Fund for Key Academic Journals"of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,World Journal of Gastroenterology(WJG)has become a high-impact international clinical medical journ...Supported by the"Special Fund for Key Academic Journals"of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,World Journal of Gastroenterology(WJG)has become a high-impact international clinical medical journal due to the great efforts of Professor LianSheng Ma,Editor-in-Chief,and his team over several years.Now,WJG has successfully achieved a high degree of internationalization and sets a good example for other Chinese academic journals.展开更多
Part One:Chairman,Vice Chairpersons and Secretary General of the Committee Chairman:Prof.Hou Zengqian Vice President National Natural Science Foundation of China83 Shuangqing Road,Haidian District Beijing 100085,China...Part One:Chairman,Vice Chairpersons and Secretary General of the Committee Chairman:Prof.Hou Zengqian Vice President National Natural Science Foundation of China83 Shuangqing Road,Haidian District Beijing 100085,China Tel:+86-(10)-6899-0617Fax:+86-(10)-6899-7803E-mail:houzengqian@126.com.展开更多
In this universe, the earth is a unique breeding ground for living beings. It bares the evolutions, sustains the survival and enriches the development of human species. The studies of history have indicated that minut...In this universe, the earth is a unique breeding ground for living beings. It bares the evolutions, sustains the survival and enriches the development of human species. The studies of history have indicated that minute changes of the earth＇ s environment may have caused great impacts on the vulnerable balanced ecological systems, endanger the living conditions for human beings and associated cultures. Thus, understanding the nature＇s governing rules of the earth, and clarifying its fundamental laws of sciences are everlasting research topics for the human pursuits.展开更多
For the past two decades,great achievements have been made in cancer research of China and the majority of them were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC).In this article,we reviewed the ...For the past two decades,great achievements have been made in cancer research of China and the majority of them were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC).In this article,we reviewed the funding history of NSFC including the number of proposals,the amount of grants,distribution of supported program categories during the period of 1987 to 2012 and the representative achievements made by continuous support of NSFC.Also,the impacts of NSFC support on discipline development and talent fostering were analyzed.From 1987 to 2012,a total of 8738 proposals related to cancer research were funded by NSFC.The percentages of the Research Program,Talent-Training Program,and the Research Environment Program were 61.19%,36.32%,and 2.49%,respectively.Under the support of NSFC,cancer research in China has achieved a significantly rapid and balanced development in both disciplines and scientist resources.展开更多
This review is to analyze the role of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)on the development of basic research of Parkinson’s disease from 1990 to 2012.Data on the total number of projects and funding o...This review is to analyze the role of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)on the development of basic research of Parkinson’s disease from 1990 to 2012.Data on the total number of projects and funding of NSFC allocated to Parkinson’s disease,as well as hotspots in western countries,papers published,awards,personnel training,subject construction were collected,and the role of NSFC on other sources of funding was evaluated.Over the past 23 years,a full range of continuous funding from NSFC has led to fruitful results and a strong impetus to the progress of basic research of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the major threats to global human health and the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in China(Liu et al.,2019).Although various strategies have been developed,the prevalence of C...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the major threats to global human health and the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in China(Liu et al.,2019).Although various strategies have been developed,the prevalence of CVDs is still increasing in China,and many CVDs cannot be managed well(Liu et al.,2019)because of the lack of full elucidation on many basic issues.展开更多
Olfactory receptors(ORs),the largest vertebrate multigene family,exhibit wide copy number variation among taxa,ranging from~100 to 4000.The ecological importance of smell has been suggested to positively correlate wit...Olfactory receptors(ORs),the largest vertebrate multigene family,exhibit wide copy number variation among taxa,ranging from~100 to 4000.The ecological importance of smell has been suggested to positively correlate with OR gene number,though debate exists on whether the number of total ORs,functional ORs,or the percentage of pseudogenes matters most.While olfaction has been poorly studied in most birds,Turkey Vultures(Cathartes aura)demonstrate keen olfactory ability,capable of foraging using smell alone.In contrast,Black Vultures(Coragyps atratus)have been thought to primarily use vision to locate food.Comparison of the OR genes in these two New World vultures presents an opportunity to examine the dynamics of OR evolution in related avian species that may differ in olfactory abilities.Using a PCR and cloning approach with degenerate primers,we sampled the OR subgenome in Turkey and Black Vultures,as well as Red-tailed Hawks(Buteo jamaicensis)and the distantly related Chicken(Gallus gallus),neither of which are thought to use olfaction extensively.Our results indicate that Turkey Vultures have many more OR genes than Red-tailed Hawks or chickens.Surprisingly,Black Vultures had an intermediate number of OR genes.The number of OR genes we estimated in the Turkey Vulture was much greater than previously reported in studies that used short-read sequencing.Additionally,we found that OR genes from New World vultures and Red-tailed Hawks form clades that were distinct from the clade that included most chicken OR genes,indicating that chickens share few OR orthologs with New World vultures or hawks.As previously observed in other animal groups,pseudogenes appeared throughout all clades and their percentage varied among taxa.These findings suggest the OR gene family is highly dynamic,changing rapidly over evolutionary time,and that taxa may have distinct suites of ORs in their genomes.展开更多
文摘Periodontitis has emerged as one of the most critical oral diseases, and research on this condition holds great importance for the advancement of stomatology. As the most authoritative national scientific research funding institution in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has played a pivotal role in driving the progress of periodontal science by supporting research on periodontitis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research and development progress related to periodontitis in China from 2014 to 2023, highlighting the significant contributions of the NSFC to this field. We have summarized the detailed funding information from the NSFC, including the number of applicant codes, funded programs and the distribution of funded scholars. These data illustrate the efforts of the NSFC in cultivating young scientists and building research groups to address key challenges in national scientific research. This study offers an overview of the current hot topics, recent breakthroughs and future research prospects related to periodontitis in China.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA) in China is gradually becoming an important scientific research area that has had a significant impact on research and development(R&D) activities in the OA field worldwide. This article summarizes the R&D progress related to OA in China in recent years. The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) is a national funding institution for basic research and plays a critical role in promoting and supporting Chinese scholars’ R&D activities. We collected and analyzed information on NSFC funding in the field of OA from 2010 to 2019, including the amount, the level and the program categories of the funded projects. The data fully demonstrate the important and positive role of the NSFC in supporting free exploration, cultivating research teams and young talent, and boosting OA R&D. In this article, we outline and discuss hot topics in focused areas, key advances in this field and the prospects for progress in OA research in China.
文摘"Reproductive health"was officially defined as humans and their individual activities related to reproduction throughout their lives,which should be in good health in physical,psychological,and social aspects.1 The basic research on male reproductive health in China can be traced back to the 1960s.2 Since the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)began systematic support for basic research on male reproductive health in 1988,the field has been systematically developed in China.In this regard,we analyze the role of the NSFC on the development of basic research in the field of male reproductive health in China.
文摘This paper analyzes the role of the National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC） in advancing human geography in China by focusing on five key research areas： land use, urban systems and urban agglomeration, economic globalization, climate change and social and cultural geographies. All NSFC-funded human geography programs related to these five topics from 1986 to 2017 comprise the sample for analysis, and the research topics, content, teams, and peer-reviewed journal publications supported by these programs are investigated. Specifically, this paper analyzes the NSFC＇s promotion of the expansion of research topics in response to national developmental needs and the shifting frontiers of human geography research internationally, its enhancement of interdisciplinary research, and its contributions to the assembly of specialized research teams. The paper also reports important progress in Chinese human geography over the past 30 years through the institutional lens of the NSFC, revealing major characteristics and trends in the discipline. The paper concludes by calling for further collaboration between the research community and the NSFC for the development of a locally suitable and globally influential Chinese human geography.
文摘Objective This study explains the application number and funding rate of oncology projects undertaken by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),with focus on tumor radiotherapy-related research over the past 11 years.Methods A stratified analysis was carried out on the application and funding status of tumor radiotherapy studies in different NSFC project categories,different research areas,and different tumor types.Research areas that required specific focus,such as immunology-related radiotherapy,multimodality imaging and radiomics,and post-radiotherapy organ injury,were separately analyzed.Results The status and development trends of various related research fields were studied,and the research results were presented with the support of the NSFC,in order to provide reference for future applications and funding allocations.Conclusion The number of applications for funding increases every year.Although the total number of funded projects has also increased every year,the funding rate has decreased year by year.Projects on radiotherapy and immunization have been at the forefront in recent years,and the funding rate for these projects increases yearly.
文摘The National Natural Science Foundation of China is one of the major funding agencies for neuro rehabilitation research in China.This study reviews the frontier directions and achievements in the field of neurorehabilitation in China and wo rldwide.We used data from the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC) database to analyze the publications and data provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to analyze funding information.In addition,the prospects for neurorehabilitation research in China are discussed.From 2010 to 2022,a total of 74,220 publications in neurorehabilitation were identified,with there being an overall upward tendency.During this period,the National Natural Science Foundation of China has funded 476 research projects with a total funding of 192.38 million RMB to support neuro rehabilitation research in China.With the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China has made some achievements in neurorehabilitation research.Research related to neurorehabilitation is believed to be making steady and significant progress in China.
文摘According to the developing trends of plant science and the traits of the division of botany,"attaching importance to the frontiers in botany,supporting weak subdisciplines,and paying attention to newly growing points"is picked up as the funding strategy of Division of Botany in NSFC.The budget and the number of projects funded have increased year after year in recent four years,and in 2004,the budget and the number of projects funded are twice of that in 2001.The paper presents principle adopted in recommending projects to be funded and briefly introduces the applications as well as a survey of fund.The list of programs funded by Division of Botany in 2004 is provided.
文摘Exosomes are characterized as extracellular vesicles(EVs)ranging from 30-150 nm in diameter that widely exist in body fluids,tissues and organs and are important intercellular communicators.Since their discovery in 1983,exosomes’unique properties have drawn undistracted attention for 40 years.Particularly during the past decade,exosomes have become a research hotspot worldwide.The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)is one of the most important funding agencies for basic research in China.Since its first-ever application in 2008,the NSFC has launched 3,144 projects related to exosomes,which has contributed to elevating the research and cultivating talent in this field.Exosome research supported by the NSFC has diversified into several main research directions to meet the needs of different disciplines through basic and translational studies.In this study,we review exosome-related applications and funded projects of the NSFC to provide an outline of exosome research progress in China,aiming to increase awareness and inspire innovative research related to exosomes.
文摘Using National Natural Science Foundation of China data at funding of Chinese chemistry projects over the past five years,we summarize the funding strategies and development trends in basic research in chemical science in China.We do this in order to strengthen key strategic fields and cutting-edge deployment and propose what we believe are the current weaknesses and shortcomings in fundamental research in chemical science in China to provide a basis for future funding strategies.
文摘According to National Science Foundation （NSF） Director A. Bement, ‘Transformative research is... research driven by ideas that stand a reasonable chance of radically changing our understanding of an important existing scientific concept or leading to the creation of a new paradigm or field of science is also characterized by its challenge to current understanding or its pathway to new frontiers.＇ Nanotechnology is one of such frontiers. It is the creation of new materials, devices and systems at the molecular level--phenomena associated with atomic and molecular interactions strongly influence macroscopic material properties with significantly improved mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical... properties. Former NSF Director Rita Colwell in 2002 declared, ‘nanoscale technology will have an impact equal to the Industrial Revolution＇. The transcendent technologies include nanotechnology, microelectronics, information technology and biotechnology as well as the enabling and supporting mechanical and civil infrastructure systems and materials. These technologies are the primary drivers of the twenty first century and the new economy. Mechanics is an essential eleraent in all of the transcendent technologies. Research opportunities, education and challenges in mechanics, including experimental, numerical and analytical methods in nanomechanics, carbon nano-tubes, bio-inspired materials, fuel cells, as well as improved engineering and design of materials are presented and discussed in this paper.
基金We appreciate the financial support from the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(122111KYSB20170068).
文摘Whether the goal is to meet global challenges or to enable a paradigm shift,it is always essential for science to move beyond conventional thinking.Moreover,the mutually beneficial interactions between global challenges and paradigm shifts require a great deal of effort.To this end,it is imperative for the scientific community not only to respond to major challenges by shifting paradigms in science but also to drive paradigm shifts in science by responding to major challenges.This aim sets a higher bar for scientists as,in order to achieve it,we must properly identify the scientific questions in research and better utilize existing knowledge.At present,however,we are not paying sufficient attention to this aim,nor are we sufficiently competent in this regard.It is essential for the global scientific community to pay more attention to these interconnected issues of global challenges and paradigm shifts.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41988101。
文摘International and domestic circumstances have led to new opportunities and higher requirements for the development of geographic science in China.In this paper,we propose a modified disciplinary structure for geographic science in China in the new era.Geographic science in China can be categorized into four secondary disciplines,i.e.,integrated geography,physical geography,human geography,and information geography,according to the current situation and expected trends.The tertiary disciplines under each secondary discipline are nearly fully developed,and a few quaternary disciplines under the tertiary disciplines are widely accepted and used in China.We hope this new disciplinary structure can play a breakthrough role in improving the branches of geographic science,promoting the development of emerging disciplines under the framework of geographic science,and supporting national and international development strategies in the new era.
文摘Supported by the"Special Fund for Key Academic Journals"of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,World Journal of Gastroenterology(WJG)has become a high-impact international clinical medical journal due to the great efforts of Professor LianSheng Ma,Editor-in-Chief,and his team over several years.Now,WJG has successfully achieved a high degree of internationalization and sets a good example for other Chinese academic journals.
文摘Part One:Chairman,Vice Chairpersons and Secretary General of the Committee Chairman:Prof.Hou Zengqian Vice President National Natural Science Foundation of China83 Shuangqing Road,Haidian District Beijing 100085,China Tel:+86-(10)-6899-0617Fax:+86-(10)-6899-7803E-mail:houzengqian@126.com.
文摘In this universe, the earth is a unique breeding ground for living beings. It bares the evolutions, sustains the survival and enriches the development of human species. The studies of history have indicated that minute changes of the earth＇ s environment may have caused great impacts on the vulnerable balanced ecological systems, endanger the living conditions for human beings and associated cultures. Thus, understanding the nature＇s governing rules of the earth, and clarifying its fundamental laws of sciences are everlasting research topics for the human pursuits.
文摘For the past two decades,great achievements have been made in cancer research of China and the majority of them were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC).In this article,we reviewed the funding history of NSFC including the number of proposals,the amount of grants,distribution of supported program categories during the period of 1987 to 2012 and the representative achievements made by continuous support of NSFC.Also,the impacts of NSFC support on discipline development and talent fostering were analyzed.From 1987 to 2012,a total of 8738 proposals related to cancer research were funded by NSFC.The percentages of the Research Program,Talent-Training Program,and the Research Environment Program were 61.19%,36.32%,and 2.49%,respectively.Under the support of NSFC,cancer research in China has achieved a significantly rapid and balanced development in both disciplines and scientist resources.
文摘This review is to analyze the role of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)on the development of basic research of Parkinson’s disease from 1990 to 2012.Data on the total number of projects and funding of NSFC allocated to Parkinson’s disease,as well as hotspots in western countries,papers published,awards,personnel training,subject construction were collected,and the role of NSFC on other sources of funding was evaluated.Over the past 23 years,a full range of continuous funding from NSFC has led to fruitful results and a strong impetus to the progress of basic research of Parkinson’s disease.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the major threats to global human health and the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in China(Liu et al.,2019).Although various strategies have been developed,the prevalence of CVDs is still increasing in China,and many CVDs cannot be managed well(Liu et al.,2019)because of the lack of full elucidation on many basic issues.
基金supported by a grant from the Singer Biology Fund at the University of Florida。
文摘Olfactory receptors(ORs),the largest vertebrate multigene family,exhibit wide copy number variation among taxa,ranging from~100 to 4000.The ecological importance of smell has been suggested to positively correlate with OR gene number,though debate exists on whether the number of total ORs,functional ORs,or the percentage of pseudogenes matters most.While olfaction has been poorly studied in most birds,Turkey Vultures(Cathartes aura)demonstrate keen olfactory ability,capable of foraging using smell alone.In contrast,Black Vultures(Coragyps atratus)have been thought to primarily use vision to locate food.Comparison of the OR genes in these two New World vultures presents an opportunity to examine the dynamics of OR evolution in related avian species that may differ in olfactory abilities.Using a PCR and cloning approach with degenerate primers,we sampled the OR subgenome in Turkey and Black Vultures,as well as Red-tailed Hawks(Buteo jamaicensis)and the distantly related Chicken(Gallus gallus),neither of which are thought to use olfaction extensively.Our results indicate that Turkey Vultures have many more OR genes than Red-tailed Hawks or chickens.Surprisingly,Black Vultures had an intermediate number of OR genes.The number of OR genes we estimated in the Turkey Vulture was much greater than previously reported in studies that used short-read sequencing.Additionally,we found that OR genes from New World vultures and Red-tailed Hawks form clades that were distinct from the clade that included most chicken OR genes,indicating that chickens share few OR orthologs with New World vultures or hawks.As previously observed in other animal groups,pseudogenes appeared throughout all clades and their percentage varied among taxa.These findings suggest the OR gene family is highly dynamic,changing rapidly over evolutionary time,and that taxa may have distinct suites of ORs in their genomes.
