On September 16,2022,the first imported monkeypox case was reported in the Chinese Mainland.Laboratory tests including nucleic acid detection were carried out in Chongqing Nan’an Centre for Disease Control and Preven...On September 16,2022,the first imported monkeypox case was reported in the Chinese Mainland.Laboratory tests including nucleic acid detection were carried out in Chongqing Nan’an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention.After that,monkeypox virus was isolated by the Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention and preserved at the National Pathogen Resource Center on September 18,2022.The National Pathogen Resource Center shared the basic information of monkeypox virus strain,samples,biosafety,strain imaging,RT-PCR primers,and probes sequence timely to support the prevention and control of monkeypox epidemic and facilitate the scientific research on vaccine development,drug screening and evaluation of monkeypox virus in the future.展开更多
The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia(NCIP)in China(1)has attracted much attention domestically and internationally.As the outbreak occurred,China carried out emergency responses quickly,notified...The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia(NCIP)in China(1)has attracted much attention domestically and internationally.As the outbreak occurred,China carried out emergency responses quickly,notified the World Health Organization(WHO)in a timely manner,and shared the viral gene sequence with international communities immediately after pathogenic identification.展开更多
Infectious diseases would always threaten human health,especially emerging infectious diseases(EIDs),such as the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).In 2019,COVID-19 spread rapidly worldwide.On January 30,2020,World He...Infectious diseases would always threaten human health,especially emerging infectious diseases(EIDs),such as the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).In 2019,COVID-19 spread rapidly worldwide.On January 30,2020,World Health Organization(WHO)declared its outbreak a public health emergency of international concern.展开更多
In recent years,as the infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as novel coronavirus and mpox(formerly called monkeypox)spread globally,the significance of identification,preservation,and sharing of pathogenic res...In recent years,as the infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as novel coronavirus and mpox(formerly called monkeypox)spread globally,the significance of identification,preservation,and sharing of pathogenic resources become prominent.Along with the rapid development of biorepositories,it is imperative to evaluate their operation in a scientific manner.By using the literature review and modified Delphi method,this study develops a benchmarking tool for the comprehensive evaluation of the operation of biorepositories for pathogenic resources.The effective response rates of both rounds of expert surveys were 100%.The authority coefficients(Cr)were 0.82 and 0.85,respectively,manifesting the reliability of consultation results.In the second‐round survey,the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance(Kendall’s W)of all indicators ranged from 0.09 to 0.31(P<0.001),the comprehensive score ranged from 4.02 to 4.94,the standard deviation ranged from 0.21 to 0.77,and the coefficient of variation(CV)ranged from 0.04 to 0.22,indicating that the expert opinions reached consensus.The final benchmarking tool was composed of 4 primary indicators,12 secondary indicators,and 65 tertiary indicators.The weights of the four primary indicators allocated through the rank‐sum ratio method,namely organizational structure,management requirements,biobanking capacity,and sharing capacity,were 30.50%,30.08%,25.45%,and 13.97%,respectively.The benchmarking tool established in this study provides references for the comprehensive evaluation of the operation and puts forward advice for the sustainable development of biorepositories for pathogenic resources.展开更多
In the present study we investigated the changes in miRNA levels inhuman rhinovirus 16(HRV16)-infected cells.A small RNA deep sequencing experiment was performed through next-generation sequencing.In total,53 differen...In the present study we investigated the changes in miRNA levels inhuman rhinovirus 16(HRV16)-infected cells.A small RNA deep sequencing experiment was performed through next-generation sequencing.In total,53 differentially expressed miRNAs were confirmed by RT-q PCR,including 37 known mi RNAs and 16 novel miRNAs.Interaction networks between differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets were established by mir DIP and Navigator.The prediction results showed that QKI.展开更多
Backgroud:Coltiviruses are spherical,non-enveloped viruses with 12 double-stranded RNA segments,belonging to the family Spinareoviridae,and predominantly transmitted by ticks.This study isolated and characterized a no...Backgroud:Coltiviruses are spherical,non-enveloped viruses with 12 double-stranded RNA segments,belonging to the family Spinareoviridae,and predominantly transmitted by ticks.This study isolated and characterized a novel coltivirus,designated Woodland tick reovirus(WLTRV),from Haemaphysalis concinna ticks collected in Helong City,Jilin Province,in Northeastern China.Methods SW-13 and Vero cells were used to isolate WLTRV through three blind passages,while seven mammalian cell lines assessed viral growth.Viral morphology was observed by electron microscopy.Next-generation sequencing,5ʹand 3ʹrapid amplification of cDNA ends were used to determine WLTRV whole genome sequences,and phylogenetic methods were used to characterize WLTRV.A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to detect WLTRV RNA in ticks.Results:WLTRV grew and exerted cytopathic effects in human(SW-13 and 293T)and mouse(BHK-21 and N2A)cell lines,revealing its potential to infect mammals.Phylogenetic analysis based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences classified WLTRV within the genus Coltivirus,with a close evolutionary relationship to Tarumizu tick virus.The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homologies between WLTRV and Tarumizu tick virus across the 12 segments analyzed ranged from approximately 44.79%to 69.09%and 33.73%to 75.60%,respectively.WLTRV shared conserved the 5ʹ-terminal(GACAA/UU/A)and 3ʹ-terminal(UGCAGUC)consensus sequences of the genus Coltivirus genomes.Electron microscopy revealed WLTRV as spherical(diameter∼80 nm),non-enveloped,and morphologically consistent with coltiviruses.Among the 4,717 ticks collected from six towns in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture,WLTRV RNA was only detected in H.concinna(0.95%virus-carrying rate)but not in Haemaphysalis japonica,Haemaphysalis longicornis,Ixodes persulcatus,and Dermacentor silvarum.Conclusions:This study represents the first isolation and identification of WLTRV from H.concinna in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture,providing new insights into the genetic diversity and evolution of the genus Coltivirus.展开更多
The metabolic activity of pathogens poses a substantial risk across diverse domains,including food safety,vaccine development,clinical treatment,and national biosecurity.Conventional subculturing methods typically req...The metabolic activity of pathogens poses a substantial risk across diverse domains,including food safety,vaccine development,clinical treatment,and national biosecurity.Conventional subculturing methods typically require several days and fail to detect metabolic activity promptly,limiting their application in many areas.Consequently,there is an urgent need for a method capable of rapidly and accurately detecting this activity.This study builds upon an investigation of the effects of D2O onStaphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),utilizing D_(2)O-probed single-cell Raman spectroscopy to detect the metabolic activity ofS.aureus by the Carbon-Deuterium ratio(C-Dratio).Then,it evaluates the performance of various machine learning models in classifying the metabolic states of the pathogen.Medium D_(2)O concentration below 50% has no significant impact on the growth and reproduction ofS.aureus or on the classification of metabolic states ofS.aureus based on the fingerprint region by machine learning models.Additionally,as the metabolic activity ofS.aureus decreases,both the C-Dratio and the rate of viable cells also gradually decrease.The support vector machine model demonstrated an accuracy of 99.82% in classifying viable and deadS.aureus,while the linear discriminant analysis model demonstrated an accuracy of 99.92% in classifyingS.aureus exhibiting distinct metabolic activities.Therefore,D_(2)O-probed single-cell Raman spectroscopy,combined with high-throughput technology,can rapidly,non-destructively,and accurately detect pathogen metabolic activity,offering valuable applications across multiple fields.展开更多
With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),it is essential to share pathogens and their data information safely,transparently,and timely.At the same time,it is also worth exploring how to share the benefi...With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),it is essential to share pathogens and their data information safely,transparently,and timely.At the same time,it is also worth exploring how to share the benefits of using the provided pathogenic microorganisms fairly and equitably.There are some mechanisms for the management and sharing of pathogenic microbial resources in the world,such as the World Health Organization(WHO),the United States,the Europe,and China.This paper studies these mechanisms and puts forward"PICC"principles,including public welfare principle,interests principle,classified principle,and category principle,to strengthen cooperation,improve efficiency,and maintain biosafety.展开更多
The preservation of pathogenic microbial strains is of great significance for basic research in microbiology and utilization of microbial resources.Appropriate preservation methods can maintain high survival rate and ...The preservation of pathogenic microbial strains is of great significance for basic research in microbiology and utilization of microbial resources.Appropriate preservation methods can maintain high survival rate and genetic stability of pathogenic microbial strains for a long time.This study summarizes the current status of preservation of strains,discusses the limitations and damaging factors of cryopreservation and prospects for optimization,and explores the mechanism of cryopreservation of strains.Our main objective is to provide a reference for the long-term effective preservation of microbial resources and guarantee of national biosafety.展开更多
Background Patients with tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid but susceptible to rifampicin(Hr-Rs TB)remain a neglected demographic,despite a high disease burden and poor outcomes of these patients.The aim of this stud...Background Patients with tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid but susceptible to rifampicin(Hr-Rs TB)remain a neglected demographic,despite a high disease burden and poor outcomes of these patients.The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of isoniazid-resistance-related mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance rates to drugs included in WHO-recommended regimens for Hr-Rs patients.Methods Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates(n=4922)obtained from national tuberculosis drug-resistance surveillance were subjected to whole-genome sequencing to identify Hr-Rs strains.The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were established for the Hr-Rs strains to determine the isoniazid resistance levels.We also identified drug-resistance-associated mutations for five drugs(fluoroquinolones,ethambutol,pyrazinamide,streptomycin,and amikacin)in the Hr-Rs strains.Results Of the 4922 strains,384(7.8%)were Hr-Rs.The subculture of seven strains failed,so 377(98.2%)strains underwent phenotypic MIC testing.Among the 384 genotypic Hr-Rs strains,242(63.0%)contained the katG Ser315Thr substitution;115(29.9%)contained the-15C>T in the promoter region of the fabG1 gene;and 16(4.2%)contained Ser315Asn in the katG gene.Of the 239 strains with the Ser315Thr substitution,229(95.8%)had MIC≥2µg/mL,and of the 114 strains with the-15C>T mutation,103(90.4%)had 0.25µg/mL≤MIC≤1µg/mL.The genotypic resistance rates were 0.8%(3/384)for pyrazinamide,2.3%(9/384)for ethambutol and fluoroquinolones;39.6%(152/384)of the strains were resistant to streptomycin,but only 0.5%(2/384)of the strains were resistant to amikacin.Conclusion Ser315Thr in katG was the predominant mutation conferring the Hr-Rs phenotype,followed by the fabG1-15C>T mutation.The combination of rifampicin,pyrazinamide,ethambutol,and levofloxacin should be effective in the treatment of patients with Hr-Rs tuberculosis because the resistance rates for these drugs in China are low.展开更多
Monkey B virus(BV),initially isolated in 1932,is currently designated as Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses(1).BV is an alphaherpesvirus enzootic in macaques of the genus...Monkey B virus(BV),initially isolated in 1932,is currently designated as Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses(1).BV is an alphaherpesvirus enzootic in macaques of the genus Macaca,normally transmitted horizontally via direct contact and exchange of bodily secretions,just like herpes simplex virus(HSV)in humans.展开更多
Long-term and stable preservation of bacteriophages is of crucial importance.Although many efforts have been made in the past decades to explore the influence of external factors on bacteriophage preservation,there is...Long-term and stable preservation of bacteriophages is of crucial importance.Although many efforts have been made in the past decades to explore the influence of external factors on bacteriophage preservation,there is still little understanding,and a systematic description is lacking.In this study,we explored the influence of different factors on the preservation of lytic bacteriophage VP3,one of the typing bacteriophages of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor,and attempted to optimize its preservation.We examined external factors,including temperature,solution,and cryoprotectant,in stable cooling/freezing conditions or alternate cooling/freezing and thawing.We found that whether in Luria-Bertani(LB)medium or SM buffer,in terms of 20-week stable cooling or freezing,−20℃ was the most damaging while 4℃,−80℃,and−196℃ were protective.Thirteen cycles of alternate cooling/freezing and thawing caused a loss in the survival rates of bacteriophages.The addition of cryoprotectant,glycerol(30%,w/v)or dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO,10%,w/v)significantly improved the survival rates of bacteriophages preserved at−20℃.However,at 4℃,−80℃,and−196℃,the cryoprotectant effect was only slightly positive or even harmful.In summary,for bacteriophage VP3,the best preservation method is to directly preserve the bacteriophage stocks in LB medium at−80℃ or−196℃ instead of storing them in SM buffer or adding cryoprotectant.Our results provided insights into the external influencing factors on bacteriophage VP3 during preservation at low temperature and can be applied to the optimization of bacteriophage preservation in the future.展开更多
Rhodococcus equi is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen that mainly infects immunodeficient individuals,such as those with HIV infection.In R.equi-infected individuals,serious lung lesions can develop and death may resu...Rhodococcus equi is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen that mainly infects immunodeficient individuals,such as those with HIV infection.In R.equi-infected individuals,serious lung lesions can develop and death may result without appropriate antiviral treatment.This bacterium is rare in clinic and there is little information regarding its diagnosis and treatment.To improve our understanding,this case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HIV complicated with R.equi infection from Ditan Hospital,Beijing,China.展开更多
In recent decades,emerging and re-emerging human-infecting pathogens have been represented as huge threats to public health and have become a global concern(1).After outbreaks of two coronaviruses(CoVs),severe acute r...In recent decades,emerging and re-emerging human-infecting pathogens have been represented as huge threats to public health and have become a global concern(1).After outbreaks of two coronaviruses(CoVs),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)became the first-known pandemic hastening CoV with tremendous wrecking to the world(2).The origin tracing of these emerging pathogens is of great significance in infectious disease prevention and control(3–4).The origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive after the more than 3-year pandemic,though scientists around the world are making great efforts.From the experience of studying many other infectious pathogens,origin tracing is systematic and time-consuming work.The supposed origins of many infectious pathogens are still in debate,including SARS-CoV and human immunodeficiency virus,etc(5).展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project on Important Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control(2018ZX10734404)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2602200)the National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China(Project No.National Pathogen Resource Center NPRC-32).
文摘On September 16,2022,the first imported monkeypox case was reported in the Chinese Mainland.Laboratory tests including nucleic acid detection were carried out in Chongqing Nan’an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention.After that,monkeypox virus was isolated by the Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention and preserved at the National Pathogen Resource Center on September 18,2022.The National Pathogen Resource Center shared the basic information of monkeypox virus strain,samples,biosafety,strain imaging,RT-PCR primers,and probes sequence timely to support the prevention and control of monkeypox epidemic and facilitate the scientific research on vaccine development,drug screening and evaluation of monkeypox virus in the future.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project on Important Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control(2018ZX10734404)National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFC0840800,2020YFC0840900).
文摘The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia(NCIP)in China(1)has attracted much attention domestically and internationally.As the outbreak occurred,China carried out emergency responses quickly,notified the World Health Organization(WHO)in a timely manner,and shared the viral gene sequence with international communities immediately after pathogenic identification.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project on Important Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control[2018ZX10734404]。
文摘Infectious diseases would always threaten human health,especially emerging infectious diseases(EIDs),such as the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19).In 2019,COVID-19 spread rapidly worldwide.On January 30,2020,World Health Organization(WHO)declared its outbreak a public health emergency of international concern.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2602200)the National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China(No.National Pathogen Resource Center‐NPRC‐32).
文摘In recent years,as the infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as novel coronavirus and mpox(formerly called monkeypox)spread globally,the significance of identification,preservation,and sharing of pathogenic resources become prominent.Along with the rapid development of biorepositories,it is imperative to evaluate their operation in a scientific manner.By using the literature review and modified Delphi method,this study develops a benchmarking tool for the comprehensive evaluation of the operation of biorepositories for pathogenic resources.The effective response rates of both rounds of expert surveys were 100%.The authority coefficients(Cr)were 0.82 and 0.85,respectively,manifesting the reliability of consultation results.In the second‐round survey,the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance(Kendall’s W)of all indicators ranged from 0.09 to 0.31(P<0.001),the comprehensive score ranged from 4.02 to 4.94,the standard deviation ranged from 0.21 to 0.77,and the coefficient of variation(CV)ranged from 0.04 to 0.22,indicating that the expert opinions reached consensus.The final benchmarking tool was composed of 4 primary indicators,12 secondary indicators,and 65 tertiary indicators.The weights of the four primary indicators allocated through the rank‐sum ratio method,namely organizational structure,management requirements,biobanking capacity,and sharing capacity,were 30.50%,30.08%,25.45%,and 13.97%,respectively.The benchmarking tool established in this study provides references for the comprehensive evaluation of the operation and puts forward advice for the sustainable development of biorepositories for pathogenic resources.
文摘In the present study we investigated the changes in miRNA levels inhuman rhinovirus 16(HRV16)-infected cells.A small RNA deep sequencing experiment was performed through next-generation sequencing.In total,53 differentially expressed miRNAs were confirmed by RT-q PCR,including 37 known mi RNAs and 16 novel miRNAs.Interaction networks between differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets were established by mir DIP and Navigator.The prediction results showed that QKI.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L232069)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2302700)the Young Scholar Science Foundation of China CDC(No.2023A103).
文摘Backgroud:Coltiviruses are spherical,non-enveloped viruses with 12 double-stranded RNA segments,belonging to the family Spinareoviridae,and predominantly transmitted by ticks.This study isolated and characterized a novel coltivirus,designated Woodland tick reovirus(WLTRV),from Haemaphysalis concinna ticks collected in Helong City,Jilin Province,in Northeastern China.Methods SW-13 and Vero cells were used to isolate WLTRV through three blind passages,while seven mammalian cell lines assessed viral growth.Viral morphology was observed by electron microscopy.Next-generation sequencing,5ʹand 3ʹrapid amplification of cDNA ends were used to determine WLTRV whole genome sequences,and phylogenetic methods were used to characterize WLTRV.A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to detect WLTRV RNA in ticks.Results:WLTRV grew and exerted cytopathic effects in human(SW-13 and 293T)and mouse(BHK-21 and N2A)cell lines,revealing its potential to infect mammals.Phylogenetic analysis based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences classified WLTRV within the genus Coltivirus,with a close evolutionary relationship to Tarumizu tick virus.The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homologies between WLTRV and Tarumizu tick virus across the 12 segments analyzed ranged from approximately 44.79%to 69.09%and 33.73%to 75.60%,respectively.WLTRV shared conserved the 5ʹ-terminal(GACAA/UU/A)and 3ʹ-terminal(UGCAGUC)consensus sequences of the genus Coltivirus genomes.Electron microscopy revealed WLTRV as spherical(diameter∼80 nm),non-enveloped,and morphologically consistent with coltiviruses.Among the 4,717 ticks collected from six towns in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture,WLTRV RNA was only detected in H.concinna(0.95%virus-carrying rate)but not in Haemaphysalis japonica,Haemaphysalis longicornis,Ixodes persulcatus,and Dermacentor silvarum.Conclusions:This study represents the first isolation and identification of WLTRV from H.concinna in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture,providing new insights into the genetic diversity and evolution of the genus Coltivirus.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2602200,2022YFC2602301).
文摘The metabolic activity of pathogens poses a substantial risk across diverse domains,including food safety,vaccine development,clinical treatment,and national biosecurity.Conventional subculturing methods typically require several days and fail to detect metabolic activity promptly,limiting their application in many areas.Consequently,there is an urgent need for a method capable of rapidly and accurately detecting this activity.This study builds upon an investigation of the effects of D2O onStaphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),utilizing D_(2)O-probed single-cell Raman spectroscopy to detect the metabolic activity ofS.aureus by the Carbon-Deuterium ratio(C-Dratio).Then,it evaluates the performance of various machine learning models in classifying the metabolic states of the pathogen.Medium D_(2)O concentration below 50% has no significant impact on the growth and reproduction ofS.aureus or on the classification of metabolic states ofS.aureus based on the fingerprint region by machine learning models.Additionally,as the metabolic activity ofS.aureus decreases,both the C-Dratio and the rate of viable cells also gradually decrease.The support vector machine model demonstrated an accuracy of 99.82% in classifying viable and deadS.aureus,while the linear discriminant analysis model demonstrated an accuracy of 99.92% in classifyingS.aureus exhibiting distinct metabolic activities.Therefore,D_(2)O-probed single-cell Raman spectroscopy,combined with high-throughput technology,can rapidly,non-destructively,and accurately detect pathogen metabolic activity,offering valuable applications across multiple fields.
基金sponsored by“the Pilot Task of Science and Technology System Reform of the National Health Commission of China”“National Natural Science Foundation of China(82161148010‐4)”.
文摘With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),it is essential to share pathogens and their data information safely,transparently,and timely.At the same time,it is also worth exploring how to share the benefits of using the provided pathogenic microorganisms fairly and equitably.There are some mechanisms for the management and sharing of pathogenic microbial resources in the world,such as the World Health Organization(WHO),the United States,the Europe,and China.This paper studies these mechanisms and puts forward"PICC"principles,including public welfare principle,interests principle,classified principle,and category principle,to strengthen cooperation,improve efficiency,and maintain biosafety.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project on Important Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control(2018ZX10734404)Key technology research for standardized identification of important pathogens and establishment of relevant reference libraries and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51576132,52076140).
文摘The preservation of pathogenic microbial strains is of great significance for basic research in microbiology and utilization of microbial resources.Appropriate preservation methods can maintain high survival rate and genetic stability of pathogenic microbial strains for a long time.This study summarizes the current status of preservation of strains,discusses the limitations and damaging factors of cryopreservation and prospects for optimization,and explores the mechanism of cryopreservation of strains.Our main objective is to provide a reference for the long-term effective preservation of microbial resources and guarantee of national biosafety.
基金National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFC2305200,2022YFC2602200)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen(JCYJ20210324130009024)。
文摘Background Patients with tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid but susceptible to rifampicin(Hr-Rs TB)remain a neglected demographic,despite a high disease burden and poor outcomes of these patients.The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of isoniazid-resistance-related mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance rates to drugs included in WHO-recommended regimens for Hr-Rs patients.Methods Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates(n=4922)obtained from national tuberculosis drug-resistance surveillance were subjected to whole-genome sequencing to identify Hr-Rs strains.The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were established for the Hr-Rs strains to determine the isoniazid resistance levels.We also identified drug-resistance-associated mutations for five drugs(fluoroquinolones,ethambutol,pyrazinamide,streptomycin,and amikacin)in the Hr-Rs strains.Results Of the 4922 strains,384(7.8%)were Hr-Rs.The subculture of seven strains failed,so 377(98.2%)strains underwent phenotypic MIC testing.Among the 384 genotypic Hr-Rs strains,242(63.0%)contained the katG Ser315Thr substitution;115(29.9%)contained the-15C>T in the promoter region of the fabG1 gene;and 16(4.2%)contained Ser315Asn in the katG gene.Of the 239 strains with the Ser315Thr substitution,229(95.8%)had MIC≥2µg/mL,and of the 114 strains with the-15C>T mutation,103(90.4%)had 0.25µg/mL≤MIC≤1µg/mL.The genotypic resistance rates were 0.8%(3/384)for pyrazinamide,2.3%(9/384)for ethambutol and fluoroquinolones;39.6%(152/384)of the strains were resistant to streptomycin,but only 0.5%(2/384)of the strains were resistant to amikacin.Conclusion Ser315Thr in katG was the predominant mutation conferring the Hr-Rs phenotype,followed by the fabG1-15C>T mutation.The combination of rifampicin,pyrazinamide,ethambutol,and levofloxacin should be effective in the treatment of patients with Hr-Rs tuberculosis because the resistance rates for these drugs in China are low.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500301)and Viral Center of National Pathogen Resource Center,China CDC(NPRC-32).
文摘Monkey B virus(BV),initially isolated in 1932,is currently designated as Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses(1).BV is an alphaherpesvirus enzootic in macaques of the genus Macaca,normally transmitted horizontally via direct contact and exchange of bodily secretions,just like herpes simplex virus(HSV)in humans.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project on Important Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control(2018ZX10734404)National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China(National Pathogen Resource Center‐NPRC‐32)+1 种基金National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2021FY100904)National Nature Science Foundation of China(82161148010‐4,52076140).
文摘Long-term and stable preservation of bacteriophages is of crucial importance.Although many efforts have been made in the past decades to explore the influence of external factors on bacteriophage preservation,there is still little understanding,and a systematic description is lacking.In this study,we explored the influence of different factors on the preservation of lytic bacteriophage VP3,one of the typing bacteriophages of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor,and attempted to optimize its preservation.We examined external factors,including temperature,solution,and cryoprotectant,in stable cooling/freezing conditions or alternate cooling/freezing and thawing.We found that whether in Luria-Bertani(LB)medium or SM buffer,in terms of 20-week stable cooling or freezing,−20℃ was the most damaging while 4℃,−80℃,and−196℃ were protective.Thirteen cycles of alternate cooling/freezing and thawing caused a loss in the survival rates of bacteriophages.The addition of cryoprotectant,glycerol(30%,w/v)or dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO,10%,w/v)significantly improved the survival rates of bacteriophages preserved at−20℃.However,at 4℃,−80℃,and−196℃,the cryoprotectant effect was only slightly positive or even harmful.In summary,for bacteriophage VP3,the best preservation method is to directly preserve the bacteriophage stocks in LB medium at−80℃ or−196℃ instead of storing them in SM buffer or adding cryoprotectant.Our results provided insights into the external influencing factors on bacteriophage VP3 during preservation at low temperature and can be applied to the optimization of bacteriophage preservation in the future.
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’Ascent Plan(DFL20191802)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(ZYLX202126)Beijing high-level public health technical personnel construction project(2022-2-014).
文摘Rhodococcus equi is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen that mainly infects immunodeficient individuals,such as those with HIV infection.In R.equi-infected individuals,serious lung lesions can develop and death may result without appropriate antiviral treatment.This bacterium is rare in clinic and there is little information regarding its diagnosis and treatment.To improve our understanding,this case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HIV complicated with R.equi infection from Ditan Hospital,Beijing,China.
文摘In recent decades,emerging and re-emerging human-infecting pathogens have been represented as huge threats to public health and have become a global concern(1).After outbreaks of two coronaviruses(CoVs),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)became the first-known pandemic hastening CoV with tremendous wrecking to the world(2).The origin tracing of these emerging pathogens is of great significance in infectious disease prevention and control(3–4).The origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive after the more than 3-year pandemic,though scientists around the world are making great efforts.From the experience of studying many other infectious pathogens,origin tracing is systematic and time-consuming work.The supposed origins of many infectious pathogens are still in debate,including SARS-CoV and human immunodeficiency virus,etc(5).
