Grain filling is a critical determinant of yield and quality in rice.This study aims to clarify the association between grain photosynthesis and the filling rate of rice varieties with different grain weights,providin...Grain filling is a critical determinant of yield and quality in rice.This study aims to clarify the association between grain photosynthesis and the filling rate of rice varieties with different grain weights,providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing grain-filling processes.Two rice varieties with similar growth duration but different grain weights were selected:a large-grain variety,Lingliangyou 268(L268),and a small-grain variety,Ruiliangyou 1053(R1053).Differences in grain filling,grain photosynthetic rate,and grain chlorophyll content were systematically examined during the filling stage.Results showed significant differences in grain-filling,grain photosynthetic rate,and grain chlorophyll content between large-grain and small-grain rice varieties.The grain photosynthetic rate of L268 was a significantly higher than R1053.L268 also exhibited significantly higher initial grain filling rate,maximum grainfilling rate,and mean grain filling rate compared to R1053.Throughout the grain filling period,L268 showed higher grain chlorophyll content(including chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and total chlorophyll)than R1053.The increase in chlorophyll content,particularly total chlorophyll,enhanced the grain photosynthetic rate during the early and middle stages of grain filling significantly.These findings suggested that rice varieties with higher grain weights exhibited stronger panicle photosynthetic capacity due to their higher chlorophyll content.The enhanced grain photosynthetic rate contributed to improved grain filling and increased grain weight.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with brain aging,and the accumulation ofβ-amyloid(Aβ)and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins are key pathological features.Currently,drugs for the trea...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with brain aging,and the accumulation ofβ-amyloid(Aβ)and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins are key pathological features.Currently,drugs for the treatment of AD are mainly single-targeted,but the complex pathogenesis of AD makes it difficult to achieve the desired results.Therefore,the development of multitargeted therapies is crucial for future interventions.Rice bran oil(RBO)has been recognized as an edible oil with several health benefits,but its effects on AD caused by brain aging remain underexplored.In this study,the effects of RBO on memory dysfunction in D-galactose(D-gal)mice and its molecular mechanisms were investigated via in vivo and in silico methods from the perspective of AD pathologies.Our results suggested that compounds in RBO could modulate the activities of Aβprecursor protein cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1),mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3),matrix metalloproteinase 3(MMP3),and intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM1),leading to inhibition of Aβaccumulation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation.Moreover,RBO reduced Aβ-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the activity of mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)response element binding protein binding protein(CREBBP),and attenuated neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activity of nitric oxide synthase 2(NOS2)and reducing Aβaccumulation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation.Additionally,α-linolenic acid in RBO exhibited inhibitory effects on D-gal-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through modulation of NOS2,MDM2,ICAM1,and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(p-ERK1/2).Similarly,stigmastanol inhibited apoptosis in D-gal-induced PC12 cells through the regulation of NOS2.Thus,RBO can be considered as a potential functional food to attenuate AD owing to its multicomponent and multitarget effects.展开更多
Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the eff...Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the effects of endogenous(0.11 mg/(kg bw·day))and exogenous(1.31,5.23,and 10.13 mg/(kg bw·day))AA exposure from biscuit diet on the hematology,hormone levels,immune function,and liver and kidney damage in growing female rat pups.For the hematological indices,a quadratic reduction was observed in percentage of neutrophils(Neu%)and percentage of eosinophils(Eos%)in the leukograms and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet in the erythrograms in all the AA-exposed groups.In terms of hormones,extremely remarkably elevations in estradiol(E_(2))and growth hormone(GH)levels were associated with exogenous AA,and a significant increase in GH levels was noted in the endogenous AA group.Regarding immune function,endogenous and exogenous AA showed a dose-dependent immunotoxic effect on lysozyme(LYSO),nitric oxide(NO),immunoglobulin(Ig)G,and IgM.In particular,the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity was significantly high in the exogenous medium dose(Exo-M)and exogenous high dose(Exo-H)groups,and the percentage of CD3^(+)T cells in the blood and CD8^(+)expression levels in the spleen were significantly elevated in the Exo-H group.For liver and kidney function,exogenous AA had a dose-dependent effect on alanine aminotransferases(ALT),aspartate transferases(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),urea nitrogen(UREA),and creatinine(CREA-S).In addition to the dose-dependent effect on the pathological changes in the liver and kidneys,the endogenous AA group presented with hepatocellular steatosis,kidney inflammatory infiltrates,and glomerular and tubular atrophy.Overall,our findings suggested the dose-dependent harmful effect of endogenous and exogenous AA.Special attention should be paid to the damage caused by exposure to endogenous AA.Stringent AA intake guidelines and measures are required to minimize AA levels in the food matrix.展开更多
Dexamethasone is a common glucocorticoid medication with adverse effects that can cause muscle atrophy,but no drug intervention has been approved or recommended for this condition.KF-8 is a rice bran-derived anti-oxid...Dexamethasone is a common glucocorticoid medication with adverse effects that can cause muscle atrophy,but no drug intervention has been approved or recommended for this condition.KF-8 is a rice bran-derived anti-oxidant peptide that extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans.We established a C.elegans model of dexamethasone-induced myopathy to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of KF-8 in this model.C.elegans muscle function was assessed in terms of locomotory behaviors including crawling,swimming,burrowing,pharyngeal pumping,and head swing.Muscle actin filament integrity was evaluated using fluorescence imaging.The molecular mechanisms of KF-8 were investigated using transcriptome sequencing,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),RNA interference,and Western blot analysis.Dexamethasone disrupted actin filaments in the striated muscles of the body wall and inhibited C.elegans crawling,swimming,burrowing,pharyngeal pumping,and head swing.KF-8 reversed the actin filament disruption and locomotor dysfunction induced by dexamethasone.Transcriptome sequencing,pathway enrichment,and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that KF-8 regulated the locomotion-related genes W04G5.10,vha-12,and ddr-1,as well as age-1(the catalytic subunit ortholog of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)),and akt1.RNA interference,conducted using a genetically engineered Escherichia coli HT115 strain as a food source,confirmed age-1 as a key regulator of locomotor function of C.elegans.Further mechanistic studies with C2C12 myotubes showed that KF-8 regulated the IRS-PI3K-Akt pathway,the master regulator of protein synthesis and degradation.Together,these findings suggest that KF-8 protects against dexamethasoneinduced myopathy in C.elegans by regulating locomotion-related genes and the IRS-PI3K-Akt pathway.展开更多
Multifunctional molecules with both optical signal and pharmacological activity play an important role in drug development,disease diagnosis,and basic theoretical research.Aminopeptidase N(APN),as a representative tum...Multifunctional molecules with both optical signal and pharmacological activity play an important role in drug development,disease diagnosis,and basic theoretical research.Aminopeptidase N(APN),as a representative tumor biomarker with anti-tumor potential,still lacks a high-precision theranostic probe specifically targeting it.In this study,a novel quaternity design strategy for APN theranostic probe was developed.This proposed strategy utilizes advanced machine learning and molecular dynamics simulations,and cleverly employs the strategy of conformation-induced fluorescence recovery to achieve multi-objective optimization and integration of functional fragments.Through this strategy,a unique“Off-On”theranostic probe,ABTP-DPTB,was ingeniously constructed to light up APN through fluorescence restoration,relying on conformation-induced effects and solvent restriction.Differ from the common diagnostic probes,the intelligent design with non-substrated linkage makes ABTP-DPTB for long-term in-situ imaging.The fabricated probe was used for detecting and inhibiting APN in various environments,with a better in vitro inhibitory than golden-standard drug bestatin.展开更多
Transplanting rice varieties grown in different seasons can lead to different yields due to different dry matterproduction. Early-season rice varieties transplanted in the late season can obtain high yields with short...Transplanting rice varieties grown in different seasons can lead to different yields due to different dry matterproduction. Early-season rice varieties transplanted in the late season can obtain high yields with short-growthduration and higher yields driven by higher dry matter production. To make clear the variations in dry matterproduction across seasons, four early-season rice varieties were chosen for late-season transplantation. The grainyield, dry matter accumulation, leaf photosynthetic, and leaf stomatal properties were studied. It was observedthat the average yields of these four varieties in the late season were 33% greater, despite a reduced growth periodof 13 days in comparison with the early season. Furthermore, there was a notable increase in both total and postheadingdry matter production during the late season. The leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal area, stomatalwidth, and stomatal length were higher in the late season. Despite no significant difference in stomatal densitybetween seasons, strong positive linear relationships were observed between net photosynthetic rate and stomatalconductance, and between stomatal conductance and area. These relationships demonstrate that the increase ofthe stomatal width and length of the leaves in the late season leads to an increase in the stomatal area, therebyincreasing the stomatal conductance and enhancing the photosynthesis of the leaves. Consequently, this leads togreater dry matter production and a higher yield compared to the early season. Therefore, when breeding newhigh-yielding and short-growing varieties, the large stomatal area can be used as a reference index.展开更多
Monitoring the physiological changes of organelles is essential for understanding the local biological information of cells and for improving the diagnosis and therapy of diseases.Currently,fluorescent probes are cons...Monitoring the physiological changes of organelles is essential for understanding the local biological information of cells and for improving the diagnosis and therapy of diseases.Currently,fluorescent probes are considered as the most powerful tools for imaging and have been widely applied in biomedical fields.However,the expected targeting effects of these probes are often inconsistent with the real experiments.The design of fluorescent probes mainly depends on the empirical knowledge of researchers,which was inhibited by limited chemical space and low efficiency.Herein,we proposed a novel multilevel framework for the prediction of organelle-targeted fluorescent probes by employing advanced artificial intelligence algorithms.In this way,not only the targeting mechanism could be interpreted beyond intuitions but also a quick evaluation method could be established for the rational design.Furthermore,the targeting and imaging powers of the optimized and synthesized probes based on this methodology were verified by quantitative calculation and experiments.展开更多
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2023JJ40309)the Changsha Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program(kq2306015).
文摘Grain filling is a critical determinant of yield and quality in rice.This study aims to clarify the association between grain photosynthesis and the filling rate of rice varieties with different grain weights,providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing grain-filling processes.Two rice varieties with similar growth duration but different grain weights were selected:a large-grain variety,Lingliangyou 268(L268),and a small-grain variety,Ruiliangyou 1053(R1053).Differences in grain filling,grain photosynthetic rate,and grain chlorophyll content were systematically examined during the filling stage.Results showed significant differences in grain-filling,grain photosynthetic rate,and grain chlorophyll content between large-grain and small-grain rice varieties.The grain photosynthetic rate of L268 was a significantly higher than R1053.L268 also exhibited significantly higher initial grain filling rate,maximum grainfilling rate,and mean grain filling rate compared to R1053.Throughout the grain filling period,L268 showed higher grain chlorophyll content(including chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and total chlorophyll)than R1053.The increase in chlorophyll content,particularly total chlorophyll,enhanced the grain photosynthetic rate during the early and middle stages of grain filling significantly.These findings suggested that rice varieties with higher grain weights exhibited stronger panicle photosynthetic capacity due to their higher chlorophyll content.The enhanced grain photosynthetic rate contributed to improved grain filling and increased grain weight.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC1148)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ31009,2022JJ50260)+4 种基金the Program for Science and Technology of Changsha,China(kh2301028)the Science and Technology Innovation Plan Project of Hunan Province(2023NK2033)the Innovation Leading Plan Project of Hunan Province(2021GK4022)the“Kemen Food”Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Central South University of Forestry and Technology(2023KMCX02)the Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project of Hunan Province(QL20220182).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with brain aging,and the accumulation ofβ-amyloid(Aβ)and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins are key pathological features.Currently,drugs for the treatment of AD are mainly single-targeted,but the complex pathogenesis of AD makes it difficult to achieve the desired results.Therefore,the development of multitargeted therapies is crucial for future interventions.Rice bran oil(RBO)has been recognized as an edible oil with several health benefits,but its effects on AD caused by brain aging remain underexplored.In this study,the effects of RBO on memory dysfunction in D-galactose(D-gal)mice and its molecular mechanisms were investigated via in vivo and in silico methods from the perspective of AD pathologies.Our results suggested that compounds in RBO could modulate the activities of Aβprecursor protein cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1),mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3),matrix metalloproteinase 3(MMP3),and intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM1),leading to inhibition of Aβaccumulation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation.Moreover,RBO reduced Aβ-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the activity of mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)response element binding protein binding protein(CREBBP),and attenuated neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activity of nitric oxide synthase 2(NOS2)and reducing Aβaccumulation and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation.Additionally,α-linolenic acid in RBO exhibited inhibitory effects on D-gal-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through modulation of NOS2,MDM2,ICAM1,and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(p-ERK1/2).Similarly,stigmastanol inhibited apoptosis in D-gal-induced PC12 cells through the regulation of NOS2.Thus,RBO can be considered as a potential functional food to attenuate AD owing to its multicomponent and multitarget effects.
文摘Acrylamide(AA)is a harmful substance widely found in infant and child biscuits;however,the health hazards of AA,especially endogenous AA,in the biscuit matrix is poorly understood.This study aimed to determine the effects of endogenous(0.11 mg/(kg bw·day))and exogenous(1.31,5.23,and 10.13 mg/(kg bw·day))AA exposure from biscuit diet on the hematology,hormone levels,immune function,and liver and kidney damage in growing female rat pups.For the hematological indices,a quadratic reduction was observed in percentage of neutrophils(Neu%)and percentage of eosinophils(Eos%)in the leukograms and in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelet in the erythrograms in all the AA-exposed groups.In terms of hormones,extremely remarkably elevations in estradiol(E_(2))and growth hormone(GH)levels were associated with exogenous AA,and a significant increase in GH levels was noted in the endogenous AA group.Regarding immune function,endogenous and exogenous AA showed a dose-dependent immunotoxic effect on lysozyme(LYSO),nitric oxide(NO),immunoglobulin(Ig)G,and IgM.In particular,the lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activity was significantly high in the exogenous medium dose(Exo-M)and exogenous high dose(Exo-H)groups,and the percentage of CD3^(+)T cells in the blood and CD8^(+)expression levels in the spleen were significantly elevated in the Exo-H group.For liver and kidney function,exogenous AA had a dose-dependent effect on alanine aminotransferases(ALT),aspartate transferases(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),urea nitrogen(UREA),and creatinine(CREA-S).In addition to the dose-dependent effect on the pathological changes in the liver and kidneys,the endogenous AA group presented with hepatocellular steatosis,kidney inflammatory infiltrates,and glomerular and tubular atrophy.Overall,our findings suggested the dose-dependent harmful effect of endogenous and exogenous AA.Special attention should be paid to the damage caused by exposure to endogenous AA.Stringent AA intake guidelines and measures are required to minimize AA levels in the food matrix.
基金supported by funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372349)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project of Hunan Province(2022RC3056)Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2024AQ2020)。
文摘Dexamethasone is a common glucocorticoid medication with adverse effects that can cause muscle atrophy,but no drug intervention has been approved or recommended for this condition.KF-8 is a rice bran-derived anti-oxidant peptide that extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans.We established a C.elegans model of dexamethasone-induced myopathy to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of KF-8 in this model.C.elegans muscle function was assessed in terms of locomotory behaviors including crawling,swimming,burrowing,pharyngeal pumping,and head swing.Muscle actin filament integrity was evaluated using fluorescence imaging.The molecular mechanisms of KF-8 were investigated using transcriptome sequencing,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),RNA interference,and Western blot analysis.Dexamethasone disrupted actin filaments in the striated muscles of the body wall and inhibited C.elegans crawling,swimming,burrowing,pharyngeal pumping,and head swing.KF-8 reversed the actin filament disruption and locomotor dysfunction induced by dexamethasone.Transcriptome sequencing,pathway enrichment,and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that KF-8 regulated the locomotion-related genes W04G5.10,vha-12,and ddr-1,as well as age-1(the catalytic subunit ortholog of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)),and akt1.RNA interference,conducted using a genetically engineered Escherichia coli HT115 strain as a food source,confirmed age-1 as a key regulator of locomotor function of C.elegans.Further mechanistic studies with C2C12 myotubes showed that KF-8 regulated the IRS-PI3K-Akt pathway,the master regulator of protein synthesis and degradation.Together,these findings suggest that KF-8 protects against dexamethasoneinduced myopathy in C.elegans by regulating locomotion-related genes and the IRS-PI3K-Akt pathway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272067,81974386,22107123,22003078,M-0696)the Science and Technology Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ80052,2022JJ40656)the Innovation Fund for Postgraduate Students of Central South University(Nos.2021zzts0980,2023ZZTS0842).
文摘Multifunctional molecules with both optical signal and pharmacological activity play an important role in drug development,disease diagnosis,and basic theoretical research.Aminopeptidase N(APN),as a representative tumor biomarker with anti-tumor potential,still lacks a high-precision theranostic probe specifically targeting it.In this study,a novel quaternity design strategy for APN theranostic probe was developed.This proposed strategy utilizes advanced machine learning and molecular dynamics simulations,and cleverly employs the strategy of conformation-induced fluorescence recovery to achieve multi-objective optimization and integration of functional fragments.Through this strategy,a unique“Off-On”theranostic probe,ABTP-DPTB,was ingeniously constructed to light up APN through fluorescence restoration,relying on conformation-induced effects and solvent restriction.Differ from the common diagnostic probes,the intelligent design with non-substrated linkage makes ABTP-DPTB for long-term in-situ imaging.The fabricated probe was used for detecting and inhibiting APN in various environments,with a better in vitro inhibitory than golden-standard drug bestatin.
基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021RC3088)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2023JJ40309)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32001470).
文摘Transplanting rice varieties grown in different seasons can lead to different yields due to different dry matterproduction. Early-season rice varieties transplanted in the late season can obtain high yields with short-growthduration and higher yields driven by higher dry matter production. To make clear the variations in dry matterproduction across seasons, four early-season rice varieties were chosen for late-season transplantation. The grainyield, dry matter accumulation, leaf photosynthetic, and leaf stomatal properties were studied. It was observedthat the average yields of these four varieties in the late season were 33% greater, despite a reduced growth periodof 13 days in comparison with the early season. Furthermore, there was a notable increase in both total and postheadingdry matter production during the late season. The leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal area, stomatalwidth, and stomatal length were higher in the late season. Despite no significant difference in stomatal densitybetween seasons, strong positive linear relationships were observed between net photosynthetic rate and stomatalconductance, and between stomatal conductance and area. These relationships demonstrate that the increase ofthe stomatal width and length of the leaves in the late season leads to an increase in the stomatal area, therebyincreasing the stomatal conductance and enhancing the photosynthesis of the leaves. Consequently, this leads togreater dry matter production and a higher yield compared to the early season. Therefore, when breeding newhigh-yielding and short-growing varieties, the large stomatal area can be used as a reference index.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22003078,82272067,and M-0696)d the Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Program(Grant Nos.2023CXQD004 and 2023QYJC021).
文摘Monitoring the physiological changes of organelles is essential for understanding the local biological information of cells and for improving the diagnosis and therapy of diseases.Currently,fluorescent probes are considered as the most powerful tools for imaging and have been widely applied in biomedical fields.However,the expected targeting effects of these probes are often inconsistent with the real experiments.The design of fluorescent probes mainly depends on the empirical knowledge of researchers,which was inhibited by limited chemical space and low efficiency.Herein,we proposed a novel multilevel framework for the prediction of organelle-targeted fluorescent probes by employing advanced artificial intelligence algorithms.In this way,not only the targeting mechanism could be interpreted beyond intuitions but also a quick evaluation method could be established for the rational design.Furthermore,the targeting and imaging powers of the optimized and synthesized probes based on this methodology were verified by quantitative calculation and experiments.
