Recent interest by physicists in social networks and disease transmission factors has prompted debate over the topology of degree distributions in sexual networks. Social network researchers have been critical of “sc...Recent interest by physicists in social networks and disease transmission factors has prompted debate over the topology of degree distributions in sexual networks. Social network researchers have been critical of “scale-free” Barabasi-Albert approaches, and largely rejected the preferential attachment, “rich-get-richer” assumptions that underlie that model. Instead, research on sexual networks has pointed to the importance of homophily and local sexual norms in dictating degree distributions, and thus disease transmission thresholds. Injecting Drug User (IDU) network topologies may differ from the emerging models of sexual networks, however. Degree distribution analysis of a Brooklyn, NY, IDU network indicates a different topology than the spanning tree configurations discussed for sexual networks, instead featuring comparatively short cycles and high concurrency. Our findings suggest that IDU networks do in some ways conform to a “scale-free” topology, and thus may represent “reservoirs” of potential infection despite seemingly low transmission thresholds.展开更多
Study Objective: Nine million children are seen in emergency departments each year for traumatic injuries. Eighty percent of these children will be cared for in non-children’s hospital settings. We sought to understa...Study Objective: Nine million children are seen in emergency departments each year for traumatic injuries. Eighty percent of these children will be cared for in non-children’s hospital settings. We sought to understand the barriers and opportunities for optimal pediatric trauma care in non-pediatric emergency departments and to define practice-specific educational needs. Methods: This qualitative study consisted of focus groups from rural, regional and urban non-pediatric emergency department sites discussing pediatric trauma care. Groups were homogenous for the provider role and included 8 physician groups and 9 non-physician groups. Focus groups were led by a trained moderator using a discussion guide composed of open-ended questions which covered various topics of pediatric trauma care. Focus groups were audio-taped and later transcribed and the data were analyzed for major themes and key concepts. Results: A total of 107 providers participated in the focus groups (32 physicians and 75 non-physicians). Barriers to provide optimal pediatric trauma care expressed by providers included the lack of pediatric trauma experience, inadequate pediatric trauma training and the lack of confidence with assessment of the pediatric trauma patient. All providers across all types of hospitals indicated a need and interest in training focused on pediatric trauma, but topics covered, and skills needed varied by type of facility. Conclusions: Community emergency room providers indicated a need for pediatric trauma education. Specifically, hands-on training with high-fidelity simulation was identified as the most useful type of training to gain the skills and confidence needed to manage pediatric trauma patients in their emergency departments.展开更多
IN September 2020,the State Council,China’s cabinet,issued the Overall Plan for the Beijing,Hunan,and Anhui Pilot Free Trade Zones and the Plan for the Expansion of the Zhejiang Pilot Free Trade Zone.This is the sixt...IN September 2020,the State Council,China’s cabinet,issued the Overall Plan for the Beijing,Hunan,and Anhui Pilot Free Trade Zones and the Plan for the Expansion of the Zhejiang Pilot Free Trade Zone.This is the sixth batch of measures tested by the pilot FTZs since 2013,bringing the total number of free trade zones nationwide to 21.President Xi Jinping,while presiding over the 15th meeting of the Central Commission for Deepening Overall Reform on September 1,called for efforts to promote deeper reform and pursue higher-standard opening-up to provide a strong impetus for shaping a new development pattern.展开更多
The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is closed on October 29,2020,putting forward comprehensive guidelines for the 14th Five Year Plan(2021-25),charting the future gran...The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is closed on October 29,2020,putting forward comprehensive guidelines for the 14th Five Year Plan(2021-25),charting the future grand course,setting the direction and guiding the economic and social development.展开更多
文摘Recent interest by physicists in social networks and disease transmission factors has prompted debate over the topology of degree distributions in sexual networks. Social network researchers have been critical of “scale-free” Barabasi-Albert approaches, and largely rejected the preferential attachment, “rich-get-richer” assumptions that underlie that model. Instead, research on sexual networks has pointed to the importance of homophily and local sexual norms in dictating degree distributions, and thus disease transmission thresholds. Injecting Drug User (IDU) network topologies may differ from the emerging models of sexual networks, however. Degree distribution analysis of a Brooklyn, NY, IDU network indicates a different topology than the spanning tree configurations discussed for sexual networks, instead featuring comparatively short cycles and high concurrency. Our findings suggest that IDU networks do in some ways conform to a “scale-free” topology, and thus may represent “reservoirs” of potential infection despite seemingly low transmission thresholds.
文摘Study Objective: Nine million children are seen in emergency departments each year for traumatic injuries. Eighty percent of these children will be cared for in non-children’s hospital settings. We sought to understand the barriers and opportunities for optimal pediatric trauma care in non-pediatric emergency departments and to define practice-specific educational needs. Methods: This qualitative study consisted of focus groups from rural, regional and urban non-pediatric emergency department sites discussing pediatric trauma care. Groups were homogenous for the provider role and included 8 physician groups and 9 non-physician groups. Focus groups were led by a trained moderator using a discussion guide composed of open-ended questions which covered various topics of pediatric trauma care. Focus groups were audio-taped and later transcribed and the data were analyzed for major themes and key concepts. Results: A total of 107 providers participated in the focus groups (32 physicians and 75 non-physicians). Barriers to provide optimal pediatric trauma care expressed by providers included the lack of pediatric trauma experience, inadequate pediatric trauma training and the lack of confidence with assessment of the pediatric trauma patient. All providers across all types of hospitals indicated a need and interest in training focused on pediatric trauma, but topics covered, and skills needed varied by type of facility. Conclusions: Community emergency room providers indicated a need for pediatric trauma education. Specifically, hands-on training with high-fidelity simulation was identified as the most useful type of training to gain the skills and confidence needed to manage pediatric trauma patients in their emergency departments.
文摘IN September 2020,the State Council,China’s cabinet,issued the Overall Plan for the Beijing,Hunan,and Anhui Pilot Free Trade Zones and the Plan for the Expansion of the Zhejiang Pilot Free Trade Zone.This is the sixth batch of measures tested by the pilot FTZs since 2013,bringing the total number of free trade zones nationwide to 21.President Xi Jinping,while presiding over the 15th meeting of the Central Commission for Deepening Overall Reform on September 1,called for efforts to promote deeper reform and pursue higher-standard opening-up to provide a strong impetus for shaping a new development pattern.
文摘The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is closed on October 29,2020,putting forward comprehensive guidelines for the 14th Five Year Plan(2021-25),charting the future grand course,setting the direction and guiding the economic and social development.
