Coating microdefects and localized corrosion in coating/metal system are inevitable,accelerating the degradation of metal infrastructure.Early evaluating coating microdefects and detecting corrosion sites are urgent y...Coating microdefects and localized corrosion in coating/metal system are inevitable,accelerating the degradation of metal infrastructure.Early evaluating coating microdefects and detecting corrosion sites are urgent yet remain challenge to achieve.Herein,we propose a robust,universal and efficient fluorescence-based strategy for hierarchical warning of coating damage and metal corrosion by introducing the concepts of damage-induced fluorescence enhancement effect(DIE)and ionic-recognition induced quenching effect(RIQ).The coatings with dualresponsiveness for coating defect and steel corrosion are constructed by incorporating synthesized nanoprobes composed of metal organic frameworks(Ni–Zn-MOFs)loaded with Rhodamine B(RhB@MOFs).The initial damage to the coating causes an immediate intensification of fluorescence,while the specific ionic-recognition characteristic of RhB with Fe3t results in an evident fluorescence quenching,enabling the detection of coating damage and corrosion.Importantly,this nanoprobes are insensitive to the coating matrix and exhibit stable corrosion warning capability across various coating systems.Meanwhile,electrochemical investigations indicate that the impedance values of RM/EP maintain above 10^(8)Ωcm^(2)even after 60 days of immersion.Therefore,the incorporation of fluorescent nanoprobes greatly inhibits the intrusion of electrolytes into polymer and improves the corrosion protection performance of the coating.This powerful strategy towards dual-level damage warning provides insights for the development of long-term smart protective materials.展开更多
A Cr/CoNiCrAlTaY bilayer coating was prepared on the Ti-45Al-8.5Nb alloy by plasma surface metallurgy technique.The as-prepared coating with a grain size of~2μm exhibited a dense microstructure and strong adhesion du...A Cr/CoNiCrAlTaY bilayer coating was prepared on the Ti-45Al-8.5Nb alloy by plasma surface metallurgy technique.The as-prepared coating with a grain size of~2μm exhibited a dense microstructure and strong adhesion due to metallurgical bonding,consisting of outermost Cr layer and CoNiCrAlTaY transition layer.The typical power-law relationship between mass gain and time was obtained for the coated specimens with a rate exponent of 3.18 following oxidation at 1173 K.The top Cr_(2)O_(3)film and spinel oxides(i.e.,NiCr_(2)O_(4)and CoCr_(2)O_(4))exhibited a protective effect with a low oxidation reaction rate.Interfacial analysis identified Ta precipitates(Cr_(2)Ta and TaAl_(3))and Ta oxides(Ta_(2)O_(5)and Ta_(2)O_(3)),which played an essential role in retarding rapid diffusion and enhancing adhesion and oxidation resistance.展开更多
The growing focus on environmental sustainability has spurred significant interest in plant extracts as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional corrosion inhibitors.This study presents a novel approach to enhance th...The growing focus on environmental sustainability has spurred significant interest in plant extracts as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional corrosion inhibitors.This study presents a novel approach to enhance the corrosion resistance of cold-rolled steel(CRS)by utilizing a combination of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS)and Camellia oleifera fruit shell extract(CFSE).The inhibition performance of the CFSE/SDBS complex on CRS in 0.50 M sulfamic acid(SA)solution was evaluated through weight loss methods and electrochemical methods.The results demonstrate an impressive inhibition efficiency of 93.2%with 200 mg L^(-1) CFSE and 50 mg L^(-1) SDBS at 20℃,supported by a synergism parameter(S_(θ))exceeding 1.CFSE,SDBS,and the CFSE/SDBS complex act as mixed-type inhibitors,primarily influencing the cathodic reaction.Surface analyses conducted using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)confirm that the active components in CFSE and SDBS can adsorb onto CRS surfaces,creating a robust protective film.Quantum chemical(QC)calculations identify reactive sites in morin(MR),DL-methionine(DL-Met),and lysine(Lys),highlighting heteroatoms and conjugated double bonds as key contributors.Molecular dynamic(MD)simulations reveal that these compounds form an impermeable film on Fe(001)surfaces,effectively reducing the migration rate of corrosive ions(NH_(2)SO_(3)^(-),H_(3)O^(+)).This research challenges conventional compounding methods and offers innovative insights into the development of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors derived from plant extracts.展开更多
The composite phase change material(PCM) consisting of phase change paraffin(PCP) and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) was prepared as a novel type of shape-stabilized PCM for building energy conservation through the met...The composite phase change material(PCM) consisting of phase change paraffin(PCP) and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) was prepared as a novel type of shape-stabilized PCM for building energy conservation through the method of bulk polymerization. The chemical structure, morphology, phase change temperature and enthalpy, and mechanical properties of the composite PCM were studied to evaluate the encapsulation effect of PMMA on PCP and determine the optimal composition proportion. FTIR and SEM results revealed that PCP was physically immobilized in the PMMA so that its leakage from the composite was prevented. Based on the thermo-physical and mechanical properties investigations, the optimal mass fraction of PCP in the composite was determined as 70%. The phase change temperature of the composite was close to that of PCP, and its latent heat was equivalent to the calculated value according to the mass fraction of PCP in the composite. For estimating the usability in practical engineering, thermal stability, reliability and temperature regulation performance of the composite were also researched by TG analysis, thermal cycling treatments and heating-cooling test. The results indicated that PCP/PMMA composite PCM behaved good thermal stability depending on the PMMA protection and its latent heat degraded little after 500 thermal cycling. Temperature regulation performance of the composite before and after thermal cycling was both noticeable due to its latent heat absorption and release in the temperature variation processes. The PCP/PMMA phase change plate was fabricated and applied as thermal insulator in miniature concrete box to estimate its temperature regulation effect under the simulated environmental condition. It can be concluded that this kind of PCP/PMMA shape-stabilized PCM with the advantages of no leakage, suitable phase change temperature and enthalpy, good thermal stability and reliability, and effective temperature regulation performance have much potential for thermal energy storage in building energy conservation.展开更多
Microstructure of 316 LN stainless steel(ss),including the as-received material and samples processed by solution anneal treatment and stress relief treatment after forging,was characterized by Vickers hardness(HV) te...Microstructure of 316 LN stainless steel(ss),including the as-received material and samples processed by solution anneal treatment and stress relief treatment after forging,was characterized by Vickers hardness(HV) testing and electron back scattering diffraction(EBSD).The oxide film formed on samples after immersion in borated and lithiated water at 583.15 K was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Results showed that the grain size of samples was largely reduced after forging.Higher fraction of coincidence site lattice(CSL) boundaries and lower residual strain were observed in samples with either solution anneal treatment or stress relief treatment.The proportion of CSL boundaries was largely enhanced by solution anneal treatment after forging,due to the recrystallization occurring during solution anneal treatment.The oxide film grown on 316 LNss with solution anneal treatment after forging exhibited more strong protectiveness,as compared to the oxide film grown on samples with stress relief treatment after forging and the oxide film grown on asreceived samples without forging.The mechanisms of oxidation were then discussed.展开更多
Estimating long-term creep deformation and life of materials is an effective way to ensure the service safety and to reduce the cost of long-term integrity evaluation of high temperature structural materials.Since the...Estimating long-term creep deformation and life of materials is an effective way to ensure the service safety and to reduce the cost of long-term integrity evaluation of high temperature structural materials.Since the 1980 s, the θ projection model has been widely used for predicting creep lives due to its ability to capture the characteristic transitions observed in creep curves obtained under constant true stress conditions. However, the creep rupture behavior under constant load or engineering stress conditions cannot be simulated accurately using this model because of the different stress states. In this paper, creep curves obtained under constant load conditions were analyzed using a modified θ projection model by considering the increase in true stress with creep deformation during the creep tests. This model is expressed as ε = θ_1(1-e^(-θ_2t)) + θ3 e^(θ_4e^θ5^εt)-1, and was validated using the creep curves of K465 and DZ125 superalloys tested at a range of temperatures and engineering stresses. Moreover, it was shown that the predictive capability of the modified θ projection model was significantly improved over the original one, as it reduces the prediction uncertainty from a range of 10% to 20% to below 5%. Meanwhile,it was shown that the model can be reasonably used for predicting constant stress creep conditions, when appropriate parameters are used. The prediction performance of the modified model will be discussed in another paper. The results of this study show great potential for the evaluation and assessment of the service safety of structural materials used in applications where designs are limited by creep deformation.展开更多
Corrosion kinetic parameters play an important role in researchers' ability to understand and predict corrosion behavior. The corrosion kinetic parameters of structural steel Q345B specimens immersed in 3.5wt% NaC...Corrosion kinetic parameters play an important role in researchers' ability to understand and predict corrosion behavior. The corrosion kinetic parameters of structural steel Q345B specimens immersed in 3.5wt% NaCl solution for 1–2 h were determined using linear polarization resistance(LPR), Tafel-curve multiparameter fitting, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and electrochemical frequency modulation(EFM) methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were investigated and discussed through comparative investigation. Meanwhile, the average corrosion rate was examined using traditional coupon tests. The results showed that the corrosion current density values estimated by EFM at a base frequency of 0.001 Hz and those obtained by Tafel-curve four-parameter fitting(TC4) are similar and consistent with the results of coupon tests. Because of their slight perturbation of the corrosion system, EIS and EFM/TC4 in collaborative application are the recommended techniques for determining the kinetics and the corresponding parameters for the homogeneous corrosion of the naked metal. In our study of the electrochemical kinetics, we obtained much more abundant and accurate electrochemical kinetic parameters through the combined use of different electrochemical methods.展开更多
This study developed a new high-throughput strategy,designated as hot-isostatic-pres sing-based microsynthesis approach(HIP-MSA),to optimize high-performance nickel-based superalloys in a rapid,efficient,and cost-effe...This study developed a new high-throughput strategy,designated as hot-isostatic-pres sing-based microsynthesis approach(HIP-MSA),to optimize high-performance nickel-based superalloys in a rapid,efficient,and cost-effective manner.A specific honeycomb-array structure containing 106 discrete cells was designed and optimized using finite element analysis(FEA)and then applied to create a combinatorial library consisting of 106 Ni-based superalloys with various Co,Nb and Ta concentrations.By integration with high-throughput characterization tools,extensive composition and phase structure data were collected quickly and efficiently.In the superalloys with higher amounts of Nb and Ta,the detrimentalηphase displaying needle-like morphology was observed,and its content(wt%)increased drastically with Ta and Nb contents increasing.However,the increase of Co addition in those alloys was confirmed to be surprisingly beneficial by significantly suppressing the formation ofηphase that was induced by high Nb and Ta contents.The zero-phasefraction(ZPF)line ofηphase was established,which is critical to design superalloy chemistry for superior micros tructural stability at high-temperature service conditions.展开更多
Nickel-free high-manganese austenitic Fe–24.4Mn–4.04Al–0.057C steel was produced by smelting,and the homogenized forged billet was hot-rolled.The plastic deformation mechanism was investigated through tensile testi...Nickel-free high-manganese austenitic Fe–24.4Mn–4.04Al–0.057C steel was produced by smelting,and the homogenized forged billet was hot-rolled.The plastic deformation mechanism was investigated through tensile testing of the hot-rolled sample.Different characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron backscattered diffraction,and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the microstructural evolution of steel under different strain levels.The steel had a single austenite phase,which was stable during deformation.After hot rolling,annealing twins were observed in the microstructure of the steel.The steel showed an excellent combination of mechanical properties,like a tensile strength of 527 MPa,impact energy of 203 J at−196℃,and an elongation of 67%till fracture.At the initial deformation stage,the dislocations were generated within the austenite grains,entangled and accumulated at the grain boundaries and annealing twin boundaries.Annealing twins participated in plastic deformation and hindered the dislocation movement.As the deformation progressed,the dislocation slip was hindered and produced stress concentration,and the stacking faults evolved into mechanical twins,which released the stress concentration and delayed the necking.展开更多
To minimize the deviation of the predicted creep curves obtained under constant load conditions by the original θ projection model, a new modified version that can be expressed by ε = θ_1(1-e^(-θ2t)) +θ3 (e^(θ_...To minimize the deviation of the predicted creep curves obtained under constant load conditions by the original θ projection model, a new modified version that can be expressed by ε = θ_1(1-e^(-θ2t)) +θ3 (e^(θ_4e^θ5^εt)-1), was derived and experimentally validated in our last study. In the present study, the predictive capability of the modified θ projection model was investigated by comparing the simulated and experimentally determined creep curves of K465 and DZ125 superalloys over a range of temperatures and stresses. Furthermore, the linear relationship between creep temperature and initial stress was extended to the 5-parameter model. The results indicated that the modified model could be used as a creep life prediction method, as it described the creep curve shape and resulted in predictions that fall within a specified error interval. Meanwhile, this modified model provides a more accurate way of describing creep curves under constant load conditions. The limitations and future direction of the modified model were also discussed. In addition, this modified θ projection model shows great potential for the evaluation and assessment of the service safety of structural materials used in components governed by creep deformation.展开更多
Research infrastructure is crucial for development of research,and thus the evaluation of its performance is important.However,existing researches mostly focus on its past observations,lacking of a prediction for futu...Research infrastructure is crucial for development of research,and thus the evaluation of its performance is important.However,existing researches mostly focus on its past observations,lacking of a prediction for future. In this paper, procedures are proposed to predict the distribution for the number of papers published in a certain future year. The publication reliability,which is defined as the probability that the number of published papers in the future year is bigger than a pre-specified number,is evaluated. Illustrative examples are proposed to show the applications of the model.展开更多
Seabed sediment recognition is vital for the exploitation of marine resources.Side-scan sonar(SSS)is an excellent tool for acquiring the imagery of seafloor topography.Combined with ocean surface sampling,it provides ...Seabed sediment recognition is vital for the exploitation of marine resources.Side-scan sonar(SSS)is an excellent tool for acquiring the imagery of seafloor topography.Combined with ocean surface sampling,it provides detailed and accurate images of marine substrate features.Most of the processing of SSS imagery works around limited sampling stations and requires manual interpretation to complete the classification of seabed sediment imagery.In complex sea areas,with manual interpretation,small targets are often lost due to a large amount of information.To date,studies related to the automatic recognition of seabed sediments are still few.This paper proposes a seabed sediment recognition method based on You Only Look Once version 5 and SSS imagery to perform real-time sedi-ment classification and localization for accuracy,particularly on small targets and faster speeds.We used methods such as changing the dataset size,epoch,and optimizer and adding multiscale training to overcome the challenges of having a small sample and a low accuracy.With these methods,we improved the results on mean average precision by 8.98%and F1 score by 11.12%compared with the original method.In addition,the detection speed was approximately 100 frames per second,which is faster than that of previous methods.This speed enabled us to achieve real-time seabed sediment recognition from SSS imagery.展开更多
The microstructure formation processes in HK40 and HH40 alloys were investigated through JmatP ro calculations and quenching performed during directional solidification. The phase transition routes of HK40 and HH40 al...The microstructure formation processes in HK40 and HH40 alloys were investigated through JmatP ro calculations and quenching performed during directional solidification. The phase transition routes of HK40 and HH40 alloys were determined as L → L ＋ γ→ L ＋ γ ＋ M_7C_3 →γ ＋ M_7C_3 →γ ＋ M_7C_3 ＋ M_（23）C_6→γ ＋ M_（23）C_6 and L → L ＋ δ→ L ＋ δ ＋ γ→ L ＋ δ ＋ γ ＋ M_（23）C_6→δ ＋ γ ＋ M_（23）C_6, respectively. The solidification mode was determined to be the austenitic mode（A mode） in HK40 alloy and the ferritic–austenitic solidification mode（FA mode） in HH40 alloy. In HK40 alloy, eutectic carbides directly precipitate in a liquid and coarsen during cooling. The primary γ dendrites grow at the 60° angle to each other. On the other hand, in HH40 alloy, residual δ forms because of the incomplete transformation from δ to γ. Cr_（23）C_6 carbide is produced in solid delta ferrite δ but not directly in liquid HH40 alloy. Because of carbide formation in the solid phase and no rapid growth of the dendrite in a non-preferential direction, HH40 alloy is more resistant to cast defect formation than HK40 alloy.展开更多
The oxide film formed on TA15 alloy in0.5 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4)at different applied potentials is investigated by evaluating the film formation current density,film thickness,surface film composition,valence stat...The oxide film formed on TA15 alloy in0.5 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4)at different applied potentials is investigated by evaluating the film formation current density,film thickness,surface film composition,valence state,and the electrochemical characteristics.The relative quantitative spectral analysis revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and X-ray absorption spectra(XAS)shows that the increasing applied potential promotes the formation of thick and high-valence state films.By contrasting with XAS of the reference titanium oxides,it is found that TiO_(2)within the oxide film changes from anatase type to rutile type with the potential increases to 2.00 V.The oxide film formed at passive region has better protection performance,and with the increase of applied potential,the corrosion resistance of passive film increases,whereas the ND(donor density)values obtained from the Mott-Schottky(MS)results decrease with the increasing applied potential,indicating a better uniformity and protective effect of the oxide film.Based on above facts,the model of the oxide films formed on TA15 at different applied potentials in passive region and dissolve region is proposed.Besides,the existence forms of all the TA15alloying elements under the most corrosion resistant condition are confirmed.展开更多
Metal sulfides with high theoretical capacities are expected as promising cathode materials of Al batteries(AIBs). However, powdery active materials are mainly synthesized and loaded on current collector by insulating...Metal sulfides with high theoretical capacities are expected as promising cathode materials of Al batteries(AIBs). However, powdery active materials are mainly synthesized and loaded on current collector by insulating binder without capacity. Meanwhile, S as inert element in metal sulfides can not usually provide capacity. So, powdery metal sulfides only exhibit limiting practical capacity and poor cycling stability due to weak conductivity and low mass utilization. Herein, the novel self-supporting and dual-active Co-S nanosheets on carbon cloth (i.e. Co-S/CC) with hierarchically porous structure are constructed as cathode of AIBs. Co-S nanosheets are derived from ZIF-67 nanosheets on CC by a facile ligand replacement reaction. As a result, the binder-free Co-S/CC cathode with good conductivity delivers excellent initial discharge capacity of 383.4 m Ah g^(-1)(0.211 m Ah cm^(-2)) at current density of 200 m A g^(-1)and maintain reversible capacity of 156.9 m Ah g^(-1)(0.086 m Ah cm^(-2)) with Coulombic efficiency of 95.8% after 500 cycles,which are much higher than those of the traditional slurry-coating cathodes. Both Co and S as active elements in Co-S/CC contribute to capacity, which leads to a high mass utilization. This work provides a significant strategy for the construction of self-supporting metallic cathode for advanced high-energy density Al battery.展开更多
The formation energies and the equilibrium concentration of vacancies, interstitial H, K, P, O and antisite structural defects with P and K in KH2PO4 （KDP） crystals are investigated by ab initio total-energy calcula...The formation energies and the equilibrium concentration of vacancies, interstitial H, K, P, O and antisite structural defects with P and K in KH2PO4 （KDP） crystals are investigated by ab initio total-energy calculations. The formation energy of interstitial H is calculated to be about 2.06 eV and we suggest that it may be the dominant defect in KDP crystal. The formation energy of an O vacancy （5.25 eV） is much higher than that of interstitial O （0.60 eV）. Optical absorption centres can be induced by defects of O vacancies, interstitial O and interstitial H. We suggest that these defects may be responsible for the lowering of the damage threshold of the KDP. A K vacancy defect may increase the ionic conductivity and therefore the laser-induced damage threshold decreases.展开更多
The optimization of network topologies to retain the generalization ability by deciding when to stop overtraining an artificial neural network(ANN)is an existing vital challenge in ANN prediction works.The larger the ...The optimization of network topologies to retain the generalization ability by deciding when to stop overtraining an artificial neural network(ANN)is an existing vital challenge in ANN prediction works.The larger the dataset the ANN is trained with,the better generalization the prediction can give.In this paper,a large dataset of atmospheric corrosion data of carbon steel compiled from several resources is used to train and test a multilayer backpropagation ANN model as well as two conventional corrosion prediction models(linear and Klinesmith models).Unlike previous related works,a grid search-based hyperparameter tuning is performed to develop multiple hyperparameter combinations(network topologies)to train multiple ANNs with mini-batch stochastic gradient descent optimization algorithm to facilitate the training of a large dataset.After that,one selection strategy for the optimal hyperparameter combination is applied by an early stopping method to guarantee the generalization ability of the optimal network model.The correlation coefficients(R)of the ANN model can explain about 80%(more than 75%)of the variance of atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel,and the root mean square errors(RMSE)of three models show that the ANN model gives a better performance than the other two models with acceptable generalization.The influence of input parameters on the output is highlighted by using the fuzzy curve analysis method.The result reveals that TOW,Cl-and SO2 are the most important atmospheric chemical variables,which have a well-known nonlinear relationship with atmospheric corrosion.展开更多
The corrosion behavior of high-strength low-alloy 921A steel in a simulated marine atmospheric environment was studied using a high-throughput experimental method.The corrosion behavior,corrosion morphology,and corros...The corrosion behavior of high-strength low-alloy 921A steel in a simulated marine atmospheric environment was studied using a high-throughput experimental method.The corrosion behavior,corrosion morphology,and corrosion products of 921A steels were analyzed using various techniques,including corrosion mass loss method,polarization curve,white-light interferometry,scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectrometry,microbeam X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,X-ray diffraction technique,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The test results indicated that 921A steel exhibits better corrosion resistance than Q450NQR1 steel in simulated harsh atmospheric environments,as evidenced by a lower corrosion mass loss rate throughout the corrosion tests.The corrosion products of both steels consisted ofα-FeOOH,Fe_(3)O_(4),andγ-FeOOH,withα-FeOOH being more prevalent in the rust layer of 921A steel than in Q450NQR1 steel.The inner rust layer of 921A steel also exhibited an appositional enrichment region of Cr,Ni,Mo,and V,leading to its superior corrosion resistance compared to that of Q450NQR1 steel.The efficacy of high-throughput accelerated corrosion experimental methods was highlighted for evaluating the corrosion resistance of steel materials in harsh environmental conditions.The findings suggest that 921A steel exhibits better corrosion resistance compared to Q450NQR1 steel and has the potential to be more suitable in harsh marine atmospheric environments.The characterization of the rust layer structures and composition reveals the parallel enrichment of certain elements in the inner rust layer of 921A steel,which enhances its corrosion resistance.展开更多
Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is a crucial tool in the field of materials science,providing valuable insightsinto the microstructural characteristics of materials.Unfortunately,SEM images often suffer from blurrine...Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is a crucial tool in the field of materials science,providing valuable insightsinto the microstructural characteristics of materials.Unfortunately,SEM images often suffer from blurrinesscaused by improper hardware calibration or imaging automation errors,which present challenges in analyzingand interpretingmaterial characteristics.Consequently,rectifying the blurring of these images assumes paramountsignificance to enable subsequent analysis.To address this issue,we introduce a Material Images DeblurringNetwork(MIDNet)built upon the foundation of the Nonlinear Activation Free Network(NAFNet).MIDNetis meticulously tailored to address the blurring in images capturing the microstructure of materials.The keycontributions include enhancing the NAFNet architecture for better feature extraction and representation,integratinga novel soft attention mechanism to uncover important correlations between encoder and decoder,andintroducing newmulti-loss functions to improve training effectiveness and overallmodel performance.We conducta comprehensive set of experiments utilizing the material blurry dataset and compare them to several state-of-theartdeblurring methods.The experimental results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of MIDNet in thedomain of deblurring material microstructure images,with a PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio)reaching 35.26 dBand an SSIM(Structural Similarity)of 0.946.Our dataset is available at:https://github.com/woshigui/MIDNet.展开更多
The research infrastructure is very crucial for the development of some fundamental research. However,it is costly to buy,install and operate the infrastructure. This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of research ...The research infrastructure is very crucial for the development of some fundamental research. However,it is costly to buy,install and operate the infrastructure. This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of research infrastructure using a concept termed as investment reliability. Both the costs and the outputs are represented by a cash flow diagram,and the investment reliability is modeled. Different types of outputs are taken into concern in the model formulation. Illustrative examples are proposed to show how to apply the model.展开更多
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201077)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QE191)+1 种基金Elite Scheme of Shandong University of Science and Technology(0104060541123)Talent introduction and Research Start-up Fund of Shandong University of Science and Technology(0104060510124).
文摘Coating microdefects and localized corrosion in coating/metal system are inevitable,accelerating the degradation of metal infrastructure.Early evaluating coating microdefects and detecting corrosion sites are urgent yet remain challenge to achieve.Herein,we propose a robust,universal and efficient fluorescence-based strategy for hierarchical warning of coating damage and metal corrosion by introducing the concepts of damage-induced fluorescence enhancement effect(DIE)and ionic-recognition induced quenching effect(RIQ).The coatings with dualresponsiveness for coating defect and steel corrosion are constructed by incorporating synthesized nanoprobes composed of metal organic frameworks(Ni–Zn-MOFs)loaded with Rhodamine B(RhB@MOFs).The initial damage to the coating causes an immediate intensification of fluorescence,while the specific ionic-recognition characteristic of RhB with Fe3t results in an evident fluorescence quenching,enabling the detection of coating damage and corrosion.Importantly,this nanoprobes are insensitive to the coating matrix and exhibit stable corrosion warning capability across various coating systems.Meanwhile,electrochemical investigations indicate that the impedance values of RM/EP maintain above 10^(8)Ωcm^(2)even after 60 days of immersion.Therefore,the incorporation of fluorescent nanoprobes greatly inhibits the intrusion of electrolytes into polymer and improves the corrosion protection performance of the coating.This powerful strategy towards dual-level damage warning provides insights for the development of long-term smart protective materials.
基金financial supports from Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.20210302123162)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2024-057)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metal Materials,China(No.2019-ZD02)Science and Technology Achievement Transformation and Cultivation Project of Shanxi,China(No.2020CG011)Shanxi“1331 Project”Quality Improvement and Efficiency Project,China。
文摘A Cr/CoNiCrAlTaY bilayer coating was prepared on the Ti-45Al-8.5Nb alloy by plasma surface metallurgy technique.The as-prepared coating with a grain size of~2μm exhibited a dense microstructure and strong adhesion due to metallurgical bonding,consisting of outermost Cr layer and CoNiCrAlTaY transition layer.The typical power-law relationship between mass gain and time was obtained for the coated specimens with a rate exponent of 3.18 following oxidation at 1173 K.The top Cr_(2)O_(3)film and spinel oxides(i.e.,NiCr_(2)O_(4)and CoCr_(2)O_(4))exhibited a protective effect with a low oxidation reaction rate.Interfacial analysis identified Ta precipitates(Cr_(2)Ta and TaAl_(3))and Ta oxides(Ta_(2)O_(5)and Ta_(2)O_(3)),which played an essential role in retarding rapid diffusion and enhancing adhesion and oxidation resistance.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52161016)the Joint Key Project of Agricultural Fundamental Research in Yunnan Provincial(No.202101BD070001-017)+2 种基金the Yunnan Provincial Academician Workstation(No.202305AF150009)the Yunnan Province Natural Science Key Foundation(No.202201AS070152)the Special Project of"Leading Talents of Industrial Technology"of Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan(No.80201408).
文摘The growing focus on environmental sustainability has spurred significant interest in plant extracts as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional corrosion inhibitors.This study presents a novel approach to enhance the corrosion resistance of cold-rolled steel(CRS)by utilizing a combination of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS)and Camellia oleifera fruit shell extract(CFSE).The inhibition performance of the CFSE/SDBS complex on CRS in 0.50 M sulfamic acid(SA)solution was evaluated through weight loss methods and electrochemical methods.The results demonstrate an impressive inhibition efficiency of 93.2%with 200 mg L^(-1) CFSE and 50 mg L^(-1) SDBS at 20℃,supported by a synergism parameter(S_(θ))exceeding 1.CFSE,SDBS,and the CFSE/SDBS complex act as mixed-type inhibitors,primarily influencing the cathodic reaction.Surface analyses conducted using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)confirm that the active components in CFSE and SDBS can adsorb onto CRS surfaces,creating a robust protective film.Quantum chemical(QC)calculations identify reactive sites in morin(MR),DL-methionine(DL-Met),and lysine(Lys),highlighting heteroatoms and conjugated double bonds as key contributors.Molecular dynamic(MD)simulations reveal that these compounds form an impermeable film on Fe(001)surfaces,effectively reducing the migration rate of corrosive ions(NH_(2)SO_(3)^(-),H_(3)O^(+)).This research challenges conventional compounding methods and offers innovative insights into the development of eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors derived from plant extracts.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51308275)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.SY2016004)Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Liaoning Educational Committee(No.JQL201915403).
文摘The composite phase change material(PCM) consisting of phase change paraffin(PCP) and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) was prepared as a novel type of shape-stabilized PCM for building energy conservation through the method of bulk polymerization. The chemical structure, morphology, phase change temperature and enthalpy, and mechanical properties of the composite PCM were studied to evaluate the encapsulation effect of PMMA on PCP and determine the optimal composition proportion. FTIR and SEM results revealed that PCP was physically immobilized in the PMMA so that its leakage from the composite was prevented. Based on the thermo-physical and mechanical properties investigations, the optimal mass fraction of PCP in the composite was determined as 70%. The phase change temperature of the composite was close to that of PCP, and its latent heat was equivalent to the calculated value according to the mass fraction of PCP in the composite. For estimating the usability in practical engineering, thermal stability, reliability and temperature regulation performance of the composite were also researched by TG analysis, thermal cycling treatments and heating-cooling test. The results indicated that PCP/PMMA composite PCM behaved good thermal stability depending on the PMMA protection and its latent heat degraded little after 500 thermal cycling. Temperature regulation performance of the composite before and after thermal cycling was both noticeable due to its latent heat absorption and release in the temperature variation processes. The PCP/PMMA phase change plate was fabricated and applied as thermal insulator in miniature concrete box to estimate its temperature regulation effect under the simulated environmental condition. It can be concluded that this kind of PCP/PMMA shape-stabilized PCM with the advantages of no leakage, suitable phase change temperature and enthalpy, good thermal stability and reliability, and effective temperature regulation performance have much potential for thermal energy storage in building energy conservation.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2011ZX06004-009)
文摘Microstructure of 316 LN stainless steel(ss),including the as-received material and samples processed by solution anneal treatment and stress relief treatment after forging,was characterized by Vickers hardness(HV) testing and electron back scattering diffraction(EBSD).The oxide film formed on samples after immersion in borated and lithiated water at 583.15 K was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Results showed that the grain size of samples was largely reduced after forging.Higher fraction of coincidence site lattice(CSL) boundaries and lower residual strain were observed in samples with either solution anneal treatment or stress relief treatment.The proportion of CSL boundaries was largely enhanced by solution anneal treatment after forging,due to the recrystallization occurring during solution anneal treatment.The oxide film grown on 316 LNss with solution anneal treatment after forging exhibited more strong protectiveness,as compared to the oxide film grown on samples with stress relief treatment after forging and the oxide film grown on asreceived samples without forging.The mechanisms of oxidation were then discussed.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0702902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51631008and 51771019)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research Program of China(Grant No.2012AA03A513)the 111 Project(No.B170003)
文摘Estimating long-term creep deformation and life of materials is an effective way to ensure the service safety and to reduce the cost of long-term integrity evaluation of high temperature structural materials.Since the 1980 s, the θ projection model has been widely used for predicting creep lives due to its ability to capture the characteristic transitions observed in creep curves obtained under constant true stress conditions. However, the creep rupture behavior under constant load or engineering stress conditions cannot be simulated accurately using this model because of the different stress states. In this paper, creep curves obtained under constant load conditions were analyzed using a modified θ projection model by considering the increase in true stress with creep deformation during the creep tests. This model is expressed as ε = θ_1(1-e^(-θ_2t)) + θ3 e^(θ_4e^θ5^εt)-1, and was validated using the creep curves of K465 and DZ125 superalloys tested at a range of temperatures and engineering stresses. Moreover, it was shown that the predictive capability of the modified θ projection model was significantly improved over the original one, as it reduces the prediction uncertainty from a range of 10% to 20% to below 5%. Meanwhile,it was shown that the model can be reasonably used for predicting constant stress creep conditions, when appropriate parameters are used. The prediction performance of the modified model will be discussed in another paper. The results of this study show great potential for the evaluation and assessment of the service safety of structural materials used in applications where designs are limited by creep deformation.
基金supported by the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (No.B12012)
文摘Corrosion kinetic parameters play an important role in researchers' ability to understand and predict corrosion behavior. The corrosion kinetic parameters of structural steel Q345B specimens immersed in 3.5wt% NaCl solution for 1–2 h were determined using linear polarization resistance(LPR), Tafel-curve multiparameter fitting, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and electrochemical frequency modulation(EFM) methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were investigated and discussed through comparative investigation. Meanwhile, the average corrosion rate was examined using traditional coupon tests. The results showed that the corrosion current density values estimated by EFM at a base frequency of 0.001 Hz and those obtained by Tafel-curve four-parameter fitting(TC4) are similar and consistent with the results of coupon tests. Because of their slight perturbation of the corrosion system, EIS and EFM/TC4 in collaborative application are the recommended techniques for determining the kinetics and the corresponding parameters for the homogeneous corrosion of the naked metal. In our study of the electrochemical kinetics, we obtained much more abundant and accurate electrochemical kinetic parameters through the combined use of different electrochemical methods.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFB0700300)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No.J2019-VI-0023-0140)+1 种基金Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (No.tsqn201909081)Shandong Natural Science Foundation of China (No.ZR2020ZD05)
文摘This study developed a new high-throughput strategy,designated as hot-isostatic-pres sing-based microsynthesis approach(HIP-MSA),to optimize high-performance nickel-based superalloys in a rapid,efficient,and cost-effective manner.A specific honeycomb-array structure containing 106 discrete cells was designed and optimized using finite element analysis(FEA)and then applied to create a combinatorial library consisting of 106 Ni-based superalloys with various Co,Nb and Ta concentrations.By integration with high-throughput characterization tools,extensive composition and phase structure data were collected quickly and efficiently.In the superalloys with higher amounts of Nb and Ta,the detrimentalηphase displaying needle-like morphology was observed,and its content(wt%)increased drastically with Ta and Nb contents increasing.However,the increase of Co addition in those alloys was confirmed to be surprisingly beneficial by significantly suppressing the formation ofηphase that was induced by high Nb and Ta contents.The zero-phasefraction(ZPF)line ofηphase was established,which is critical to design superalloy chemistry for superior micros tructural stability at high-temperature service conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0304900).
文摘Nickel-free high-manganese austenitic Fe–24.4Mn–4.04Al–0.057C steel was produced by smelting,and the homogenized forged billet was hot-rolled.The plastic deformation mechanism was investigated through tensile testing of the hot-rolled sample.Different characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron backscattered diffraction,and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the microstructural evolution of steel under different strain levels.The steel had a single austenite phase,which was stable during deformation.After hot rolling,annealing twins were observed in the microstructure of the steel.The steel showed an excellent combination of mechanical properties,like a tensile strength of 527 MPa,impact energy of 203 J at−196℃,and an elongation of 67%till fracture.At the initial deformation stage,the dislocations were generated within the austenite grains,entangled and accumulated at the grain boundaries and annealing twin boundaries.Annealing twins participated in plastic deformation and hindered the dislocation movement.As the deformation progressed,the dislocation slip was hindered and produced stress concentration,and the stacking faults evolved into mechanical twins,which released the stress concentration and delayed the necking.
基金support provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2017YFB0702902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51631008 and 51771019)the National High Technology Research Program of China (Grant No.2012AA03A513) as well as the 111 Project (No.B170003)
文摘To minimize the deviation of the predicted creep curves obtained under constant load conditions by the original θ projection model, a new modified version that can be expressed by ε = θ_1(1-e^(-θ2t)) +θ3 (e^(θ_4e^θ5^εt)-1), was derived and experimentally validated in our last study. In the present study, the predictive capability of the modified θ projection model was investigated by comparing the simulated and experimentally determined creep curves of K465 and DZ125 superalloys over a range of temperatures and stresses. Furthermore, the linear relationship between creep temperature and initial stress was extended to the 5-parameter model. The results indicated that the modified model could be used as a creep life prediction method, as it described the creep curve shape and resulted in predictions that fall within a specified error interval. Meanwhile, this modified model provides a more accurate way of describing creep curves under constant load conditions. The limitations and future direction of the modified model were also discussed. In addition, this modified θ projection model shows great potential for the evaluation and assessment of the service safety of structural materials used in components governed by creep deformation.
基金Ministry of Education Project,China(No.2014GL15)
文摘Research infrastructure is crucial for development of research,and thus the evaluation of its performance is important.However,existing researches mostly focus on its past observations,lacking of a prediction for future. In this paper, procedures are proposed to predict the distribution for the number of papers published in a certain future year. The publication reliability,which is defined as the probability that the number of published papers in the future year is bigger than a pre-specified number,is evaluated. Illustrative examples are proposed to show the applications of the model.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2018J01063)the Project of Deep Learning Based Underwater Cultural Relics Recognization(No.38360041)the Project of the State Administration of Cultural Relics(No.2018300).
文摘Seabed sediment recognition is vital for the exploitation of marine resources.Side-scan sonar(SSS)is an excellent tool for acquiring the imagery of seafloor topography.Combined with ocean surface sampling,it provides detailed and accurate images of marine substrate features.Most of the processing of SSS imagery works around limited sampling stations and requires manual interpretation to complete the classification of seabed sediment imagery.In complex sea areas,with manual interpretation,small targets are often lost due to a large amount of information.To date,studies related to the automatic recognition of seabed sediments are still few.This paper proposes a seabed sediment recognition method based on You Only Look Once version 5 and SSS imagery to perform real-time sedi-ment classification and localization for accuracy,particularly on small targets and faster speeds.We used methods such as changing the dataset size,epoch,and optimizer and adding multiscale training to overcome the challenges of having a small sample and a low accuracy.With these methods,we improved the results on mean average precision by 8.98%and F1 score by 11.12%compared with the original method.In addition,the detection speed was approximately 100 frames per second,which is faster than that of previous methods.This speed enabled us to achieve real-time seabed sediment recognition from SSS imagery.
基金he financial support provided by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2012AA03A511)
文摘The microstructure formation processes in HK40 and HH40 alloys were investigated through JmatP ro calculations and quenching performed during directional solidification. The phase transition routes of HK40 and HH40 alloys were determined as L → L ＋ γ→ L ＋ γ ＋ M_7C_3 →γ ＋ M_7C_3 →γ ＋ M_7C_3 ＋ M_（23）C_6→γ ＋ M_（23）C_6 and L → L ＋ δ→ L ＋ δ ＋ γ→ L ＋ δ ＋ γ ＋ M_（23）C_6→δ ＋ γ ＋ M_（23）C_6, respectively. The solidification mode was determined to be the austenitic mode（A mode） in HK40 alloy and the ferritic–austenitic solidification mode（FA mode） in HH40 alloy. In HK40 alloy, eutectic carbides directly precipitate in a liquid and coarsen during cooling. The primary γ dendrites grow at the 60° angle to each other. On the other hand, in HH40 alloy, residual δ forms because of the incomplete transformation from δ to γ. Cr_（23）C_6 carbide is produced in solid delta ferrite δ but not directly in liquid HH40 alloy. Because of carbide formation in the solid phase and no rapid growth of the dendrite in a non-preferential direction, HH40 alloy is more resistant to cast defect formation than HK40 alloy.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1603803)the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(No.311021013)the support from National Foreign Experts Program(No.G2021105010L)in China for promoting international exchange。
文摘The oxide film formed on TA15 alloy in0.5 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4)at different applied potentials is investigated by evaluating the film formation current density,film thickness,surface film composition,valence state,and the electrochemical characteristics.The relative quantitative spectral analysis revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and X-ray absorption spectra(XAS)shows that the increasing applied potential promotes the formation of thick and high-valence state films.By contrasting with XAS of the reference titanium oxides,it is found that TiO_(2)within the oxide film changes from anatase type to rutile type with the potential increases to 2.00 V.The oxide film formed at passive region has better protection performance,and with the increase of applied potential,the corrosion resistance of passive film increases,whereas the ND(donor density)values obtained from the Mott-Schottky(MS)results decrease with the increasing applied potential,indicating a better uniformity and protective effect of the oxide film.Based on above facts,the model of the oxide films formed on TA15 at different applied potentials in passive region and dissolve region is proposed.Besides,the existence forms of all the TA15alloying elements under the most corrosion resistant condition are confirmed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51874020 and 52004022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-IP-19-001)。
文摘Metal sulfides with high theoretical capacities are expected as promising cathode materials of Al batteries(AIBs). However, powdery active materials are mainly synthesized and loaded on current collector by insulating binder without capacity. Meanwhile, S as inert element in metal sulfides can not usually provide capacity. So, powdery metal sulfides only exhibit limiting practical capacity and poor cycling stability due to weak conductivity and low mass utilization. Herein, the novel self-supporting and dual-active Co-S nanosheets on carbon cloth (i.e. Co-S/CC) with hierarchically porous structure are constructed as cathode of AIBs. Co-S nanosheets are derived from ZIF-67 nanosheets on CC by a facile ligand replacement reaction. As a result, the binder-free Co-S/CC cathode with good conductivity delivers excellent initial discharge capacity of 383.4 m Ah g^(-1)(0.211 m Ah cm^(-2)) at current density of 200 m A g^(-1)and maintain reversible capacity of 156.9 m Ah g^(-1)(0.086 m Ah cm^(-2)) with Coulombic efficiency of 95.8% after 500 cycles,which are much higher than those of the traditional slurry-coating cathodes. Both Co and S as active elements in Co-S/CC contribute to capacity, which leads to a high mass utilization. This work provides a significant strategy for the construction of self-supporting metallic cathode for advanced high-energy density Al battery.
基金Project supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents at the University of China (Grant No.NCET-08-0722)
文摘The formation energies and the equilibrium concentration of vacancies, interstitial H, K, P, O and antisite structural defects with P and K in KH2PO4 （KDP） crystals are investigated by ab initio total-energy calculations. The formation energy of interstitial H is calculated to be about 2.06 eV and we suggest that it may be the dominant defect in KDP crystal. The formation energy of an O vacancy （5.25 eV） is much higher than that of interstitial O （0.60 eV）. Optical absorption centres can be induced by defects of O vacancies, interstitial O and interstitial H. We suggest that these defects may be responsible for the lowering of the damage threshold of the KDP. A K vacancy defect may increase the ionic conductivity and therefore the laser-induced damage threshold decreases.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China[Grant Number 2017YFB0203703]111 Project[Grant Number B12012]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant Number FRF-GF-19-029B].
文摘The optimization of network topologies to retain the generalization ability by deciding when to stop overtraining an artificial neural network(ANN)is an existing vital challenge in ANN prediction works.The larger the dataset the ANN is trained with,the better generalization the prediction can give.In this paper,a large dataset of atmospheric corrosion data of carbon steel compiled from several resources is used to train and test a multilayer backpropagation ANN model as well as two conventional corrosion prediction models(linear and Klinesmith models).Unlike previous related works,a grid search-based hyperparameter tuning is performed to develop multiple hyperparameter combinations(network topologies)to train multiple ANNs with mini-batch stochastic gradient descent optimization algorithm to facilitate the training of a large dataset.After that,one selection strategy for the optimal hyperparameter combination is applied by an early stopping method to guarantee the generalization ability of the optimal network model.The correlation coefficients(R)of the ANN model can explain about 80%(more than 75%)of the variance of atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel,and the root mean square errors(RMSE)of three models show that the ANN model gives a better performance than the other two models with acceptable generalization.The influence of input parameters on the output is highlighted by using the fuzzy curve analysis method.The result reveals that TOW,Cl-and SO2 are the most important atmospheric chemical variables,which have a well-known nonlinear relationship with atmospheric corrosion.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3702103).
文摘The corrosion behavior of high-strength low-alloy 921A steel in a simulated marine atmospheric environment was studied using a high-throughput experimental method.The corrosion behavior,corrosion morphology,and corrosion products of 921A steels were analyzed using various techniques,including corrosion mass loss method,polarization curve,white-light interferometry,scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectrometry,microbeam X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,X-ray diffraction technique,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The test results indicated that 921A steel exhibits better corrosion resistance than Q450NQR1 steel in simulated harsh atmospheric environments,as evidenced by a lower corrosion mass loss rate throughout the corrosion tests.The corrosion products of both steels consisted ofα-FeOOH,Fe_(3)O_(4),andγ-FeOOH,withα-FeOOH being more prevalent in the rust layer of 921A steel than in Q450NQR1 steel.The inner rust layer of 921A steel also exhibited an appositional enrichment region of Cr,Ni,Mo,and V,leading to its superior corrosion resistance compared to that of Q450NQR1 steel.The efficacy of high-throughput accelerated corrosion experimental methods was highlighted for evaluating the corrosion resistance of steel materials in harsh environmental conditions.The findings suggest that 921A steel exhibits better corrosion resistance compared to Q450NQR1 steel and has the potential to be more suitable in harsh marine atmospheric environments.The characterization of the rust layer structures and composition reveals the parallel enrichment of certain elements in the inner rust layer of 921A steel,which enhances its corrosion resistance.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(GrantNo.2021YFA1601104)National KeyR&DProgram of China(GrantNo.2022YFA16038004)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA16038002)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.J2019-VI-0004-0117).
文摘Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)is a crucial tool in the field of materials science,providing valuable insightsinto the microstructural characteristics of materials.Unfortunately,SEM images often suffer from blurrinesscaused by improper hardware calibration or imaging automation errors,which present challenges in analyzingand interpretingmaterial characteristics.Consequently,rectifying the blurring of these images assumes paramountsignificance to enable subsequent analysis.To address this issue,we introduce a Material Images DeblurringNetwork(MIDNet)built upon the foundation of the Nonlinear Activation Free Network(NAFNet).MIDNetis meticulously tailored to address the blurring in images capturing the microstructure of materials.The keycontributions include enhancing the NAFNet architecture for better feature extraction and representation,integratinga novel soft attention mechanism to uncover important correlations between encoder and decoder,andintroducing newmulti-loss functions to improve training effectiveness and overallmodel performance.We conducta comprehensive set of experiments utilizing the material blurry dataset and compare them to several state-of-theartdeblurring methods.The experimental results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of MIDNet in thedomain of deblurring material microstructure images,with a PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio)reaching 35.26 dBand an SSIM(Structural Similarity)of 0.946.Our dataset is available at:https://github.com/woshigui/MIDNet.
基金Ministry of Education Project,China(No.2014GL15)
文摘The research infrastructure is very crucial for the development of some fundamental research. However,it is costly to buy,install and operate the infrastructure. This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of research infrastructure using a concept termed as investment reliability. Both the costs and the outputs are represented by a cash flow diagram,and the investment reliability is modeled. Different types of outputs are taken into concern in the model formulation. Illustrative examples are proposed to show how to apply the model.
