Nerve regeneration following traumatic peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies is a complex process modulated by diverse factors and intricate molecular mechanisms.Past studies have focused on factors that stimulat...Nerve regeneration following traumatic peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies is a complex process modulated by diverse factors and intricate molecular mechanisms.Past studies have focused on factors that stimulate axonal outgrowth and myelin regeneration.However,recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of autophagy in peripheral nerve regeneration,particularly in the context of traumatic injuries.Consequently,autophagy-targeting modulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration.Our current understanding suggests that activating autophagy facilitates the rapid clearance of damaged axons and myelin sheaths,thereby enhancing neuronal survival and mitigating injury-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.These actions collectively contribute to creating a favorable microenvironment for structural and functional nerve regeneration.A range of autophagyinducing drugs and interventions have demonstrated beneficial effects in alleviating peripheral neuropathy and promoting nerve regeneration in preclinical models of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries.This review delves into the regulation of autophagy in cell types involved in peripheral nerve regeneration,summarizing the potential drugs and interventions that can be harnessed to promote this process.We hope that our review will offer novel insights and perspectives on the exploitation of autophagy pathways in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies.展开更多
Introduction:An estimated of 900,000 infants are born with birth defects each year in China causing a substantial disease burden.This study aimed to depict the epidemiological patterns of selected major birth defects ...Introduction:An estimated of 900,000 infants are born with birth defects each year in China causing a substantial disease burden.This study aimed to depict the epidemiological patterns of selected major birth defects in Chinese perinatal births and provide important baseline data for future prevention.Methods:Data from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network(CBDMN)during 2010–2018 were used to analyze the epidemiological pattern in the prevalence of 15 major birth defects and the trends over time.Results:In the period of 2010–2018,the top 10 most frequently-occurring birth defects in China included congenital heart diseases(CHDs),polydactyly,cleft lip with or without palate(CL/P),club foot,syndactyly,hydrocephalus,hypospadias,limb reduction defects(LRD),anotia/microtia,and anorectal atresia/stenosis.There was a decrease in the prevalence of neural tube defects,CL/P,hydrocephalus,LRD,gastroschisis,and omphalocele,but there were increases in the prevalence of CHDs,cleft palate,hypospadias,club foot,polydactyly,and syndactyly.The prevalence of most birth defects varied significantly by maternal age,area types(urban/rural),and geographic regions.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The findings indicated that the comprehensive prevention of birth defects should focus on these selected birth defects,elderly pregnant women,rural areas,and western regions.展开更多
Background Birth defects constitute a significant public health issue worldwide,yet there is a lack of comprehensive population-based data for the Chinese population.Methods We analyzed data from the China National Po...Background Birth defects constitute a significant public health issue worldwide,yet there is a lack of comprehensive population-based data for the Chinese population.Methods We analyzed data from the China National Population-based Birth Defects Surveillance System from 2007 to 2021,we calculated the prevalence rates of selected birth defects,stratified by maternal residence,geographic region,maternal age,and infant sex.The Joinpoint regression model was utilized to assess trends and annual percent changes in prevalence.Results From 2007 to 2021,significant downward trends in prevalence were observed for neural tube defects(NTDs),hydrocephalus,cleft lip with or without palate(CL/P),limb reduction defects(LRD),omphalocele,Down syndrome,and tetralogy of Fallot(TOF).Conversely,upward trends were identified for hypospadias,cleft palate(CP),microtia/anotia,polydactyly,syndactyly,ventricular septal defect(VSD),atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale(ASD/PFO),and patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).Younger mothers exhibited a higher prevalence of hydrocephalus,gastroschisis,CL/P,and polydactyly,while anotia/microtia,Down syndrome,and congenital heart diseases(CHDs)were more common in mothers aged 35 years or older.Significant variations in the prevalence of anencephalus,spina bifida,CL/P,anorectal atresia/stenosis,hypospadias,polydactyly,syndactyly,VSD,ASD/PFO,and PDA were found across different maternal residences and geographic regions.Conclusion This study highlights the diverse trends and prevalence patterns of major birth defects,underscoring the necessity for defect-specific public health interventions.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the spatial distribution patterns of anorectal atresia/stenosis in China.METHODS:Data were collected from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network(CBDMN),a hospital-based congenital malformation...AIM:To investigate the spatial distribution patterns of anorectal atresia/stenosis in China.METHODS:Data were collected from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network(CBDMN),a hospital-based congenital malformations registry system.All fetuses more than 28 wk of gestation and neonates up to 7 d of age in hospitals within the monitoring sites of the CBDMN were monitored from 2001 to 2005.Two-dimensional graph-theoretical clustering was used to divide monitoring sites of the CBDMN into different clusters according to the average incidences of anorectal atresia/stenosis in the different monitoring sites.RESULTS:The overall average incidence of anorectal atresia/stenosis in China was 3.17 per 10000 from 2001 to 2005.The areas with the highest average incidences of anorectal atresia/stenosis were almost always focused in Eastern China.The monitoring sites were grouped into 6 clusters of areas.Cluster 1 comprised the monitoring sites in Heilongjiang Province,Jilin Province,and Liaoning Province;Cluster 2 was composed of those in Fujian Province,Guangdong Province,Hainan Province,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,south Hunan Province,and south Jiangxi Province;Cluster 3 consisted of those in Beijing Municipal City,Tianjin Municipal City,Hebei Province,Shandong Province,north Jiangsu Province,and north Anhui Province;Cluster 4 was made up of those in Zhejiang Province,Shanghai Municipal City,south Anhui Province,south Jiangsu Province,north Hunan Province,north Jiangxi Province,Hubei Province,Henan Province,Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region;Cluster 5 consisted of those in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Gansu Province and Qinghai Province;and Cluster 6 included those in Shaanxi Province,Sichuan Province,Chongqing Municipal City,Yunnan Province,Guizhou Province,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Province and Tibet Autonomous Region.CONCLUSION:The fi ndings in this research allow the display of the spatial distribution patterns of anorectal atresia/stenosis in China.These will have important guiding significance for further analysis of relevant environmental factors regarding anorectal atresia/ stenosis and for achieving regional monitoring for anorectal atresia/stenosis.展开更多
Background The prevalence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)varies across countries,with limited information available on its epidemiology in China.Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence,time trends,and pe...Background The prevalence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)varies across countries,with limited information available on its epidemiology in China.Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence,time trends,and perinatal outcomes of CDH in China,as well as its associated malformations and potential associations with maternal and infant characteristics.Methods This study included all birth and CDH cases from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network between 2007 and 2019,with CDH cases classified as either isolated or associated.We employed the joinpoint regression model to calculate the trends of prevalence and the annual percent change,with Poisson regression used for adjusted prevalence rate ratios.A P value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 4397 CDH cases were identified among 24,158,029 births in the study period,yielding prevalence rates of 1.82,1.13 and 0.69 per 10,000 for overall,isolated,and associated CDH,respectively.The prevalence of each type of CDH increased over time.The prevalence of overall CDH varied significantly by infant sex(male vs.female,1.91/10,000 vs.1.63/10,000),maternal residence(urban vs.rural,2.13/10,000 vs.1.45/10,000),maternal age(<20 years,1.31/10,000;20-24 years,1.63/10,000;25-29 years,1.80/10,000;30-34 years,1.87/10,000;≥35 years,2.22/10,000),and geographic region(central,1.64/10,000;east,2.45/10,000;west,1.37/10,000).Cardiovascular anomalies were the most common malformations associated with CDH.Infants with associated CDH had a higher risk of premature birth and perinatal death than those with isolated CDH.Conclusion The increasing prevalence and high perinatal mortality rate of CDH highlight the need for further etiological,epidemiological,and clinical studies among the Chinese population.展开更多
Background:Although congenital hypothyroidism(CH)has been widely studied in Western countries,CH incidence at different administrative levels in China during the past decade remains unknown.This study aimed to update ...Background:Although congenital hypothyroidism(CH)has been widely studied in Western countries,CH incidence at different administrative levels in China during the past decade remains unknown.This study aimed to update the incidence and revealed the spatial pattern of CH incidence in the mainland of China,which could be helpful in the planning and implementation of preventative measures.Methods:The data used in our study were derived from 245 newborns screening centers that cover 30 provinces of the Chinese Newborn Screening Information System.Spatial auto-correlation was analyzed by Global Moran I and Getis-Ord Gi statistics at the provincial level.Kriging interpolation methods were applied to estimate a further detailed spatial distribution of CH incidence at city level throughout the mainland of China,and Kulldorff space scanning statistical methods were used to identify the spatial clusters of CH cases at the city level.Results:A total of 91,921,334 neonates were screened from 2013 to 2018 and 42,861 cases of primary CH were identified,yielding an incidence of 4.66 per 10,000 newborns screened(95%confidence interval[CI]:4.62–4.71).Neonates in central(risk ratio[RR]=0.84,95%CI:0.82–0.85)and western districts(RR=0.71,95%CI:0.69–0.73)had lower probability of CH cases compared with the eastern region.The CH incidence indicated a moderate positive global spatial autocorrelation(Global Moran I value=0.394,P<0.05),and the CH cases were significantly clustered in spatial distribution.A most likely city-cluster(log-likelihood ratio[LLR]=588.82,RR=2.36,P<0.01)and 25 secondary city-clusters of high incidence were scanned.The incidence of each province and each city in the mainland of China was estimated by kriging interpolation,revealing the most affected province and city to be Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou city,respectively.Conclusion:This study offers an insight into the space clustering of CH incidence at provincial and city scales.Future work on environmental factors need to focus on the effects of CH occurrence.展开更多
Metabolism,including glycolysis,oxidative phosphorylation,fatty acid oxidation,and other metabolic pathways,impacts the phenotypes and functions of immune cells.The metabolic regulation of the immune system is importa...Metabolism,including glycolysis,oxidative phosphorylation,fatty acid oxidation,and other metabolic pathways,impacts the phenotypes and functions of immune cells.The metabolic regulation of the immune system is important in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases,such as cancers,autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases.The concept of immunometabolism was introduced over a decade ago to elucidate the intricate interplay between metabolism and immunity.The definition of immunometabolism has expanded from chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolic diseases to metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in various diseases.With immunometabolism being proposed and developed,the metabolic regulation of the immune system can be gradually summarized and becomes more and more clearer.In the context of many diseases including cancer,autoimmune diseases,metabolic diseases,and many other disease,metabolic reprogramming occurs in immune cells inducing proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects.The phenotypic and functional changes of immune cells caused by metabolic regulation further affect and development of diseases.Based on experimental results,targeting cellular metabolism of immune cells becomes a promising therapy.In this review,we focus on immune cells to introduce their metabolic pathways and metabolic reprogramming,and summarize how these metabolic pathways affect immune effects in the context of diseases.We thoroughly explore targets and treatments based on immunometabolism in existing studies.The challenges of translating experimental results into clinical applications in the field of immunometabolism are also summarized.We believe that a better understanding of immune regulation in health and diseases will improve the management of most diseases.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271411(to RG),51803072(to WLiu)grants from the Department of Finance of Jilin Province,Nos.2022SCZ25(to RG),2022SCZ10(to WLiu),2021SCZ07(to RG)+2 种基金Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Program,No.YDZJ202201ZYTS038(to WLiu)The Youth Support Programmed Project of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University,No.2022qnpy11(to WLuo)The Project of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University,No.XHQMX20233(to RG)。
文摘Nerve regeneration following traumatic peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies is a complex process modulated by diverse factors and intricate molecular mechanisms.Past studies have focused on factors that stimulate axonal outgrowth and myelin regeneration.However,recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of autophagy in peripheral nerve regeneration,particularly in the context of traumatic injuries.Consequently,autophagy-targeting modulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration.Our current understanding suggests that activating autophagy facilitates the rapid clearance of damaged axons and myelin sheaths,thereby enhancing neuronal survival and mitigating injury-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.These actions collectively contribute to creating a favorable microenvironment for structural and functional nerve regeneration.A range of autophagyinducing drugs and interventions have demonstrated beneficial effects in alleviating peripheral neuropathy and promoting nerve regeneration in preclinical models of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries.This review delves into the regulation of autophagy in cell types involved in peripheral nerve regeneration,summarizing the potential drugs and interventions that can be harnessed to promote this process.We hope that our review will offer novel insights and perspectives on the exploitation of autophagy pathways in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies.
文摘Introduction:An estimated of 900,000 infants are born with birth defects each year in China causing a substantial disease burden.This study aimed to depict the epidemiological patterns of selected major birth defects in Chinese perinatal births and provide important baseline data for future prevention.Methods:Data from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network(CBDMN)during 2010–2018 were used to analyze the epidemiological pattern in the prevalence of 15 major birth defects and the trends over time.Results:In the period of 2010–2018,the top 10 most frequently-occurring birth defects in China included congenital heart diseases(CHDs),polydactyly,cleft lip with or without palate(CL/P),club foot,syndactyly,hydrocephalus,hypospadias,limb reduction defects(LRD),anotia/microtia,and anorectal atresia/stenosis.There was a decrease in the prevalence of neural tube defects,CL/P,hydrocephalus,LRD,gastroschisis,and omphalocele,but there were increases in the prevalence of CHDs,cleft palate,hypospadias,club foot,polydactyly,and syndactyly.The prevalence of most birth defects varied significantly by maternal age,area types(urban/rural),and geographic regions.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The findings indicated that the comprehensive prevention of birth defects should focus on these selected birth defects,elderly pregnant women,rural areas,and western regions.
基金supported by National Health Commission of China(23H1094 and 23H1095).
文摘Background Birth defects constitute a significant public health issue worldwide,yet there is a lack of comprehensive population-based data for the Chinese population.Methods We analyzed data from the China National Population-based Birth Defects Surveillance System from 2007 to 2021,we calculated the prevalence rates of selected birth defects,stratified by maternal residence,geographic region,maternal age,and infant sex.The Joinpoint regression model was utilized to assess trends and annual percent changes in prevalence.Results From 2007 to 2021,significant downward trends in prevalence were observed for neural tube defects(NTDs),hydrocephalus,cleft lip with or without palate(CL/P),limb reduction defects(LRD),omphalocele,Down syndrome,and tetralogy of Fallot(TOF).Conversely,upward trends were identified for hypospadias,cleft palate(CP),microtia/anotia,polydactyly,syndactyly,ventricular septal defect(VSD),atrial septal defect/patent foramen ovale(ASD/PFO),and patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).Younger mothers exhibited a higher prevalence of hydrocephalus,gastroschisis,CL/P,and polydactyly,while anotia/microtia,Down syndrome,and congenital heart diseases(CHDs)were more common in mothers aged 35 years or older.Significant variations in the prevalence of anencephalus,spina bifida,CL/P,anorectal atresia/stenosis,hypospadias,polydactyly,syndactyly,VSD,ASD/PFO,and PDA were found across different maternal residences and geographic regions.Conclusion This study highlights the diverse trends and prevalence patterns of major birth defects,underscoring the necessity for defect-specific public health interventions.
基金Supported by The National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period, Grant No. 2006BAI05A01
文摘AIM:To investigate the spatial distribution patterns of anorectal atresia/stenosis in China.METHODS:Data were collected from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network(CBDMN),a hospital-based congenital malformations registry system.All fetuses more than 28 wk of gestation and neonates up to 7 d of age in hospitals within the monitoring sites of the CBDMN were monitored from 2001 to 2005.Two-dimensional graph-theoretical clustering was used to divide monitoring sites of the CBDMN into different clusters according to the average incidences of anorectal atresia/stenosis in the different monitoring sites.RESULTS:The overall average incidence of anorectal atresia/stenosis in China was 3.17 per 10000 from 2001 to 2005.The areas with the highest average incidences of anorectal atresia/stenosis were almost always focused in Eastern China.The monitoring sites were grouped into 6 clusters of areas.Cluster 1 comprised the monitoring sites in Heilongjiang Province,Jilin Province,and Liaoning Province;Cluster 2 was composed of those in Fujian Province,Guangdong Province,Hainan Province,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,south Hunan Province,and south Jiangxi Province;Cluster 3 consisted of those in Beijing Municipal City,Tianjin Municipal City,Hebei Province,Shandong Province,north Jiangsu Province,and north Anhui Province;Cluster 4 was made up of those in Zhejiang Province,Shanghai Municipal City,south Anhui Province,south Jiangsu Province,north Hunan Province,north Jiangxi Province,Hubei Province,Henan Province,Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region;Cluster 5 consisted of those in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Gansu Province and Qinghai Province;and Cluster 6 included those in Shaanxi Province,Sichuan Province,Chongqing Municipal City,Yunnan Province,Guizhou Province,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Province and Tibet Autonomous Region.CONCLUSION:The fi ndings in this research allow the display of the spatial distribution patterns of anorectal atresia/stenosis in China.These will have important guiding significance for further analysis of relevant environmental factors regarding anorectal atresia/ stenosis and for achieving regional monitoring for anorectal atresia/stenosis.
基金supported by National Health Commission of China.
文摘Background The prevalence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)varies across countries,with limited information available on its epidemiology in China.Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence,time trends,and perinatal outcomes of CDH in China,as well as its associated malformations and potential associations with maternal and infant characteristics.Methods This study included all birth and CDH cases from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network between 2007 and 2019,with CDH cases classified as either isolated or associated.We employed the joinpoint regression model to calculate the trends of prevalence and the annual percent change,with Poisson regression used for adjusted prevalence rate ratios.A P value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 4397 CDH cases were identified among 24,158,029 births in the study period,yielding prevalence rates of 1.82,1.13 and 0.69 per 10,000 for overall,isolated,and associated CDH,respectively.The prevalence of each type of CDH increased over time.The prevalence of overall CDH varied significantly by infant sex(male vs.female,1.91/10,000 vs.1.63/10,000),maternal residence(urban vs.rural,2.13/10,000 vs.1.45/10,000),maternal age(<20 years,1.31/10,000;20-24 years,1.63/10,000;25-29 years,1.80/10,000;30-34 years,1.87/10,000;≥35 years,2.22/10,000),and geographic region(central,1.64/10,000;east,2.45/10,000;west,1.37/10,000).Cardiovascular anomalies were the most common malformations associated with CDH.Infants with associated CDH had a higher risk of premature birth and perinatal death than those with isolated CDH.Conclusion The increasing prevalence and high perinatal mortality rate of CDH highlight the need for further etiological,epidemiological,and clinical studies among the Chinese population.
基金supported by a grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1001700).
文摘Background:Although congenital hypothyroidism(CH)has been widely studied in Western countries,CH incidence at different administrative levels in China during the past decade remains unknown.This study aimed to update the incidence and revealed the spatial pattern of CH incidence in the mainland of China,which could be helpful in the planning and implementation of preventative measures.Methods:The data used in our study were derived from 245 newborns screening centers that cover 30 provinces of the Chinese Newborn Screening Information System.Spatial auto-correlation was analyzed by Global Moran I and Getis-Ord Gi statistics at the provincial level.Kriging interpolation methods were applied to estimate a further detailed spatial distribution of CH incidence at city level throughout the mainland of China,and Kulldorff space scanning statistical methods were used to identify the spatial clusters of CH cases at the city level.Results:A total of 91,921,334 neonates were screened from 2013 to 2018 and 42,861 cases of primary CH were identified,yielding an incidence of 4.66 per 10,000 newborns screened(95%confidence interval[CI]:4.62–4.71).Neonates in central(risk ratio[RR]=0.84,95%CI:0.82–0.85)and western districts(RR=0.71,95%CI:0.69–0.73)had lower probability of CH cases compared with the eastern region.The CH incidence indicated a moderate positive global spatial autocorrelation(Global Moran I value=0.394,P<0.05),and the CH cases were significantly clustered in spatial distribution.A most likely city-cluster(log-likelihood ratio[LLR]=588.82,RR=2.36,P<0.01)and 25 secondary city-clusters of high incidence were scanned.The incidence of each province and each city in the mainland of China was estimated by kriging interpolation,revealing the most affected province and city to be Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou city,respectively.Conclusion:This study offers an insight into the space clustering of CH incidence at provincial and city scales.Future work on environmental factors need to focus on the effects of CH occurrence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(81970738)the Natural science foundation project of Sichuan(2024NSFSC0599)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Chengdu(2023-YF09-00052-SN)1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.ZYGD23030)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2304800).
文摘Metabolism,including glycolysis,oxidative phosphorylation,fatty acid oxidation,and other metabolic pathways,impacts the phenotypes and functions of immune cells.The metabolic regulation of the immune system is important in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases,such as cancers,autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases.The concept of immunometabolism was introduced over a decade ago to elucidate the intricate interplay between metabolism and immunity.The definition of immunometabolism has expanded from chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolic diseases to metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in various diseases.With immunometabolism being proposed and developed,the metabolic regulation of the immune system can be gradually summarized and becomes more and more clearer.In the context of many diseases including cancer,autoimmune diseases,metabolic diseases,and many other disease,metabolic reprogramming occurs in immune cells inducing proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects.The phenotypic and functional changes of immune cells caused by metabolic regulation further affect and development of diseases.Based on experimental results,targeting cellular metabolism of immune cells becomes a promising therapy.In this review,we focus on immune cells to introduce their metabolic pathways and metabolic reprogramming,and summarize how these metabolic pathways affect immune effects in the context of diseases.We thoroughly explore targets and treatments based on immunometabolism in existing studies.The challenges of translating experimental results into clinical applications in the field of immunometabolism are also summarized.We believe that a better understanding of immune regulation in health and diseases will improve the management of most diseases.
