Prolonged lack of rain and high-temperature lead to soil water deficits,inhibiting cereal crop growth in early ontogenesis and reducing grain quality and yield.Rye(Secale cereale L.)is a key grain crop,particularly in...Prolonged lack of rain and high-temperature lead to soil water deficits,inhibiting cereal crop growth in early ontogenesis and reducing grain quality and yield.Rye(Secale cereale L.)is a key grain crop,particularly in regions where wheat cultivation is challenging or unfeasible.To clarify its drought adaptation mechanisms,we analyzed the effects of moderate soil drought on growth,hormonal homeostasis,and the dynamics and distribution of free amino acids and phenolic compounds in rye at early vegetative stages and post-recovery.Drought triggered both general and organ-specific changes in endogenous phytohormones.A nonspecific response involved the accumulation of stress hormones abscisic acid(ABA)and salicylic acid(SA),alongside the suppression of growth hormones indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and gibberellins.However,hormone dynamics and localization varied across plant organs.ABA and SA levels significantly increased in shoots of drought-stressed and recovered plants,corresponding with inhibited growth.Prolonged drought further enhanced ABA accumulation in both shoots and roots of recovered plants,while SA levels declined in roots but remained elevated in shoots.Drought also caused a substantial reduction in IAA,particularly in shoots,while gibberellins(GA_(3)+GA_(4))significantly decreased in roots.GA_(3)was predominant in most samples,except in the shoots of 2-day-old control plants.Post-recovery,IAA levels increased but remained below control values,while GA_(4)accumulation in roots led to a rise in total gibberellin levels.In contrast,shoot GA_(3)+GA_(4)levels declined,primarily due to GA_(3)reduction.The dominant free amino acids:aspartic acid,glutamic acid,glycine,alanine,and leucinedecreased significantly,underscoring their key role in stress adaptation.Increased flavonoid accumulation,especially in roots,suggests their involvement in antioxidant defense against oxidative stress.A significant increase in ABA and SA levels,along with a marked reduction in IAA and GA content in stressed rye plants occurred alongside a reduction in free amino acid content,accumulation of phenolic compounds,and an increase in flavonoid levels.These findings indicate distinct adaptation strategies in rye shoots and roots undermoderate soil drought.They provide a foundation for further research on drought resistance mechanisms in cereals and the development of strategies to enhance their adaptive potential.展开更多
A distinctive feature of scholarly communities today is exploring topics and concepts in interdisciplinary and international contexts. This observation is increasingly apparent and visible in advancing our thinking an...A distinctive feature of scholarly communities today is exploring topics and concepts in interdisciplinary and international contexts. This observation is increasingly apparent and visible in advancing our thinking and policies related to human/environmental worlds at local, regional, and global scales. Maps are an important part of these innovative and ongoing research approaches. In this context, we consider urban forests a topic meriting more attention of scholars studying the geographic and environmental intersections of the natural sciences with the social sciences and humanities. We construct two innovative knowledge bases, one a conceptual framework based on major themes and concepts related to mapping urban forests using key words of the first 100 results of a Google Scholar query and a second using the number of Google Scholar hyperlinks about mapping urban forests in 244 capital cities. We discovered that the constructed world maps reveal vast global unevenness in our knowledge about urban forests in hyperlink numbers and ratios, results that merit further attention by disciplinary, international and interdisciplinary scholarly communities.展开更多
Phytophthora infestans control is a long-standing problem that has caused ongoing difficulties and brought limited success for over a century.Traditional methods,such as fungicides,have drawbacks including high cost,r...Phytophthora infestans control is a long-standing problem that has caused ongoing difficulties and brought limited success for over a century.Traditional methods,such as fungicides,have drawbacks including high cost,restrictions on organic farming,potential risks to the environment and human health,and the development of resistant strains.In this study,we employed cutting-edge computer-based techniques,including Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship(QSAR)modeling and molecular docking simulations,to uncover new fungicidal compounds and gain insights into their specific mechanisms of action against P.infestans.QSAR modeling on the number of compounds tested as P.infestans inhibitors was performed using an interactive OCHEM web platform.The predictive ability of the developed classification models had a balanced accuracy(BA)of 77–85%for the training set and BA?89–93%for the validation external test set.During the in vitro testing against P.infestans,thirteen synthesized 2-oxoimidazolidine-4-sulfonamides demonstrated inhibition rates,ranging from 23.6%to 87.4%.The fungicidal potential of six of these fungicides ranged from 79.3%to 87.4%,which is comparable to the activity of known fungicides.Acute toxicity results using the well-known aquatic marker Daphnia magna showed that the most active sulfonamides 3d,3f,3h,3j,3k,and 3l,with LC_(50) values ranging from 13.7 to 52.9 mg/L,are low-toxicity compounds.The molecular docking results demonstrated a potential mechanism of the antifungal action of the studied 2-oxoimidazolidin-4-sulfonamide derivatives via the inhibition of fungal CYP51,a sterol biosynthesis enzyme.展开更多
The study of the impact of high-temperature stress on the plant-phytopathogen system,including using nanoparticles,is relevant in connection with climate changes.Therefore,our work was aimed at studying the impact of ...The study of the impact of high-temperature stress on the plant-phytopathogen system,including using nanoparticles,is relevant in connection with climate changes.Therefore,our work was aimed at studying the impact of high-temperature stress on the physiological,biochemical,and growth processes of lentil plants under the conditions of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Mo nanocitrates(Mo Ncit)and artificial infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms.Under high-temperature stress at 32-34°C(humidity 45 and 40%)in field conditions,a decrease in the photochemical activity of leaves of intact lentil plants was observed,due to the acclimatization of the photosynthetic apparatus.Infection with phytopathogenic phytoplasmas and bacteria disrupted the balance of free radicals in leaf tissues,because of which the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD,and phenolic compounds increased.This was likely the main reason for the disruption of the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants to high-temperature stress under artificial infection with phytopathogenic phytoplasmas and bacteria,which destroyed pigment-protein complexes of PS II.As a result,the chlorophyll content in the leaves decreased.At the same time,physiological and biochemical changes in metabolism at presowing seed treatment with Mo Ncit compared to the control,caused an increase in the productivity of lentil plants in natural conditions under the combined action of various factors during the growing season:temperature fluctuations,air humidity,infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms.Therefore,infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms worsened the growth processes of plants,including due to a decrease in the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to high-temperature stress.It is worth emphasizing that pre-treatment with molybdenum nanocitrates had a growth-stimulating and,to some extent,adaptive effect on plants and increased tolerance to phytopathogens.展开更多
Electrocatalytic toluene(TL)oxidation to produce benzoic acid(BAC)process is largely hindered due to sluggish kinetics associated with the transformation of the rate-determining step,because of weak TL adsorption and ...Electrocatalytic toluene(TL)oxidation to produce benzoic acid(BAC)process is largely hindered due to sluggish kinetics associated with the transformation of the rate-determining step,because of weak TL adsorption and high rate-determining step energy barrier for difficult to dehydrogenate.Herein,we report Mn_(x)Ce_(1-x)O_(2)/CNT catalyst for accelerated reaction kinetics.Theoretical and experimental studies indicate that Ce sites promote TL adsorption and polyvalent Mn modulates the electronic structure of Ce sites reducing the rate-determining step energy barrier.This results in increasing^(*)C_(6)H_(5)CH_(2)coverage and effectively accelerating TL oxidation reaction(TOR)kinetics.Excitingly,the Faraday efficiency(FE)and BAC yield of optimized Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT at 2.6 V vs.RHE could reach 85.9%and 653.9 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2),respectively.In addition,the Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT displays a high selectivity of 96.3%for BAC.Combining the TL oxidation reaction with hydrogen evolution reaction,the anion exchange membrane electrolyzer of Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT(+)||Pt/C(-)can reach 100 mA cm^(-2)at the voltage of 3.0 V,in which the BAC yield is 579.4 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2)and the FE is 83.6%.This work achieved high selectivity of TOR at industrial-relevant current densities of 100 mA cm^(-2)at the low voltage for the first time.展开更多
To investigate the key factors that cause ZrB_(2)/AA6111 and(ZrB_(2)+Al_(3)Zr)/AA6111 aluminum matrix composites(AMCs)made via in situ reaction to behave differently in terms of friction and wear.Room-temperature dry ...To investigate the key factors that cause ZrB_(2)/AA6111 and(ZrB_(2)+Al_(3)Zr)/AA6111 aluminum matrix composites(AMCs)made via in situ reaction to behave differently in terms of friction and wear.Room-temperature dry sliding tribological behavior of AA6111 Al alloys,ZrB_(2)/AA6111,and(ZrB_(2)+Al_(3)Zr)/AA6111 AMCs against silicon nitride(Si_(3)N_(4))counterparts were investigated.The study showed that AA6111/Al alloy had the highest wear rate and the most unstable coefficient of friction(COF),indicating the worst abrasion resistance.(ZrB_(2)+Al_(3)Zr)/AA6111 AMCs exhibit a lower wear rate and higher COF than ZrB_(2)/AA6111 AMCs.The result proved that the Al_(3)Zr particles prepared by the in-situ reaction are strongly bonded(lattice misfitδ=2.7%)to the Al matrix and are not easily stripped from the substrate.ZrB_(2)/AA6111 AMCs exhibited a lower COF attributed to the tribochemical reaction inducing the formation of more boric acid(H_(3)BO_(3))films with a graphite-like structure having a lubricating effect.展开更多
The selection of carbon sources and the biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB)by the Azotobacter vinelandii N-15 strain using renewable raw materials were investigated.Among the tested substrates(starch,sucrose,mola...The selection of carbon sources and the biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB)by the Azotobacter vinelandii N-15 strain using renewable raw materials were investigated.Among the tested substrates(starch,sucrose,molasses,bran),molasses as the carbon source yielded the highest PHB production.The maximum polymer yield(26%of dry biomass)was achieved at a molasses concentration of 40 g/L.PHB formation was confirmed via thinlayer chromatography,gas chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Composite films based on PHB,polylactic acid(PLA),and their blends were fabricated using the solvent casting.The biodegradation of these films was studied with bacteria isolated from plastic-contaminated soil.These bacteria utilized the biopolymers as their sole carbon source,with the biodegradation process lasting three months.Structural and chemical changes in the films were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry,and thermogravimetry.Among the microorganisms used to study the biodegradation of PHB,PLA,and their blends,Streptomyces sp.K2 and Streptomyces sp.K4 exhibited the highest biodegradation efficiency.PHB-containing films demonstrated significant advantages over other biodegradable polymers,as they degrade under aerobic conditions via enzymatic hydrolysis using microbial depolymerases.展开更多
Refill friction stir spot welding process is difficultly optimized by accurate modeling because of the high-order functional relationship between welding parameters and joint strength.A database of the welding process...Refill friction stir spot welding process is difficultly optimized by accurate modeling because of the high-order functional relationship between welding parameters and joint strength.A database of the welding process was first established with 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and DP780 galvanized steel as base materials.This dataset was then optimized using a backpropagation neural network.Analyses and mining of the experimental data confirmed the multidimensional mapping relationship between welding parameters and joint strength.Subsequently,intelligent optimization of the welding process and prediction of joint strength were achieved.At the predicted welding parameter(plunging rotation speedω1=1733 r/min,refilling rotation speedω_(2)=1266 r/min,plunging depth p=1.9 mm,and welding speed v=0.5 mm/s),the tensile shear fracture load of the joint reached a maximum value of 10,172 N,while the experimental result was 9980 N,with an error of 1.92%.Furthermore,the correlation of welding parameters-microstructure-joint strength was established.展开更多
Arthropodan syuinclusions in the Late Eocene Rovno amber were examined using x^2 to reveal correlation of the component groups （some taxa of Diptera, ants, aphids, and mites） supposedly indicative of the biocoenotic...Arthropodan syuinclusions in the Late Eocene Rovno amber were examined using x^2 to reveal correlation of the component groups （some taxa of Diptera, ants, aphids, and mites） supposedly indicative of the biocoenotic relationships in the ancient amber forest. Three tightly correlated groups were identified, representing a putative aerial plankton guild （Chironomidae ＋ Ceratopogonidae） and two tree-trunk guilds, one of which （Dolichopodidae ＋ Germaraphis） is possibly connected to more open or/and more hygrophilous habitats than the other （Sciara zone Diptera ＋ ＂Acarus＂ rhombeus）. The ants were not linked with any of the above components.展开更多
The development of waste management can be considered in some way dictates of time. Ukraine has unique conditions of the secondary usage of natural resources, which is particularly important given to the increasing ge...The development of waste management can be considered in some way dictates of time. Ukraine has unique conditions of the secondary usage of natural resources, which is particularly important given to the increasing generation of waste and its progressive accumulation. The relevant provisions relate to the industrial sector as well as areas of consumption. However, for most of recyclable materials is still low. The formation of market relations in Ukraine contributed to enhance this process and relevant field of entrepreneurship. Now the formation of a separate segment is taking place. The state and the perspectives of the development of collection, accumulation and recycling of waste stream have been analyzed in the article. Conceptual position of the legislative regulation of this field is defined. The ways of improving the legal support of secondary raw materials have been defined. The peculiarities of waste management of Ukraine are considered.展开更多
The end of modernism questions reality and its theoretical description,and various attempts of postmodern rethinking of the social emerge-from denial,assertion of the disappearance of the social to its salvation throu...The end of modernism questions reality and its theoretical description,and various attempts of postmodern rethinking of the social emerge-from denial,assertion of the disappearance of the social to its salvation through radical rethinking.Theorizing around the imaginary emerges and continues as a result of this rethinking.Cornelius Castoriadis,for example,absolutizes the concept of the imaginary,which,in his opinion,even contains the rational.Charles Taylor gives imaginary,though important,but limited role as a background knowledge.Speaking of the imaginary,one cannot,of course,ignore Benedict Andersen’s imaginary communities.According to Andersen,the“imagination”of a nation,like any other community,reflects not the fact that they are“invented”or“constructed”but that they are the result of human practice,that social reality is a socio-historical and cultural product.Nation differs from other communities in the style of representation,namely,the representation-understanding,first of all,of space and time.A specific moment in time is connected not only with the past and future,but also with the same moment in another time and space measurement.People in this case,communicate and socialize through books,newspapers,and national languages.Most importantly,the nation as an imaginary community opposes itself to other communities,distinguishes itself from them,and strives for autonomy.And the guarantee of autonomy is the sovereign state,the nation-state,therefore the nation is always connected with the state and the territory of the exercise of its monopoly right.That is,the nation is an imaginary community that is real only to the extent that it is correlated with the modern territorial state.According to the author,the transformation of the national imaginary under the conditions of globalization is characterized by the loss of attachment to the territory,by the fact that territoriality ceases to be the main,organizing principle of social life.Social practices are increasingly formed beyond borders,belonging to ethnicity,national identity is not determined by territory and citizenship.Despite this,we must not forget that globalization is not a finished project.The transformation of the national imaginary should be viewed not only as the emergence of new imaginary communities,whether national or transnational,but also against the backdrop of interaction and even struggle between traditional forms of social practices and new ones,as evidenced by the growth of ethnic conflicts and separatist movements.According to Appudurai,this is also a consequence of globalization processes.And how this confrontation will end,the question remains open.展开更多
In this study, we investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of the mycelia of higher mushrooms against influenza virus type A(serotype H1N1) and herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2), strain BH. All 10 investigated mu...In this study, we investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of the mycelia of higher mushrooms against influenza virus type A(serotype H1N1) and herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2), strain BH. All 10 investigated mushroom species inhibited the reproduction of influenza virus strain A/FM/1/47(H1N1) in MDCK cells reducing the infectious titer by 2.0–6.0 lg ID50. Four species, Pleurotus ostreatus, Fomes fomentarius, Auriporia aurea, and Trametes versicolor, were also determined to be effective against HSV-2 strain BH in RK-13 cells, with similar levels of inhibition as for influenza. For some of the investigated mushroom species—Pleurotus eryngii, Lyophyllum shimeji, and Flammulina velutipes—this is the first report of an anti-influenza effect. This study also reports the first data on the medicinal properties of A. aurea, including anti-influenza and antiherpetic activities. T. versicolor 353 mycelium was found to have a high therapeutic index(324.67), and may be a promising material for the pharmaceutical industry as an anti-influenza and antiherpetic agent with low toxicity. Mycelia with antiviral activity were obtained in our investigation by bioconversion of agricultural wastes(amaranth flour after CO2 extraction), which would reduce the cost of the final product and solve some ecological problems.展开更多
The present article studies the effect of CeO2 and A1203 on the activity of Pd/Co304/cordierite catalyst in conversion of NO, CO, CnHm. The catalysts were characterized by temperature programmed reduction with hydroge...The present article studies the effect of CeO2 and A1203 on the activity of Pd/Co304/cordierite catalyst in conversion of NO, CO, CnHm. The catalysts were characterized by temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the effect of CeO2 on the properties of Pd/C03 O4/cordierite catalyst depends on preparation method. The catalyst obtained by co-deposition of cerium and cobalt oxides has higher activity in CO oxidation （CO ＋ 02 and CO ＋ NO） and total hexane oxidation （C6H14 ＋ 02）. Such phenomenon is probably caused by more than stoichiometric amount of formed oxygen vacancies, an increase in both mobility of surface oxygen and dispersity of components in the catalytic composition. It is demonstrated that CeO2 addition promotes the SO2 resistance of Pd/C03 O4/cordierite. The second support decreases the activity of Pd/Co3Oa/cordierite catalyst in the reactions of CO and C6H14 with oxygen because of COA1204 formation.展开更多
Nickel-alumina catalysts supported on cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure surpass essentially the conventional granulated ones with respect to the output in carbon dioxide reforming of methane. Adjusting the s...Nickel-alumina catalysts supported on cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure surpass essentially the conventional granulated ones with respect to the output in carbon dioxide reforming of methane. Adjusting the surface acid-base properties of catalysts by introduction of alkali metal （Na, K） oxides inhibits the carbonization and as a result, improves the operational stability of these catalysts. An effect of promotion of nickel-alumina based composite doped by lanthanum oxide is found. This effect, caused by an additional route for the CO2 activation on Ni-La2O3/Al2O3/cordierite catalyst, is displayed in increase of methane conversion under conditions of an oxidant excess.展开更多
Influence of severe cold deformation of titanium alloy Ti-1.5%A1-6.8%Mo-4.5%Fe in metastable β condition on the evolution of phase composition, microstructure, and tensile properties during continuous rapid heating w...Influence of severe cold deformation of titanium alloy Ti-1.5%A1-6.8%Mo-4.5%Fe in metastable β condition on the evolution of phase composition, microstructure, and tensile properties during continuous rapid heating was studied. As-deformed alloy was characterized by quasi-amorphous single-phase β condition with an abnormal temperature dependence of electric resistance that was normalized after 48 h exposure at room temperature as a result of isothermal ω phase precipitation. Subsequent rapid heating with a rate of 5 ℃/s caused recovery and recrystallization. Tensile properties of the alloy after different treatments were determined and discussed.展开更多
Binary oxide systems（Cu Cr2O4, Cu Co2O4）, deposited onto cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure with a second support（finely dispersed Al2O3）, were prepared as filters for catalytic combustion of diesel soot ...Binary oxide systems（Cu Cr2O4, Cu Co2O4）, deposited onto cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure with a second support（finely dispersed Al2O3）, were prepared as filters for catalytic combustion of diesel soot using internal combustion engine’s gas exhausts（O2, NOx, H2 O, CO2） and O3 as oxidizing agents. It is shown that the second support increases soot capacity of aforementioned filters, and causes dispersion of the particles of spinel phases as active components enhancing thereby catalyst activity and selectivity of soot combustion to CO2. Oxidants used can be arranged with reference to decreasing their activity in a following series： O3 NO2〉 H2 O 〉 NO 〉 O2〉 CO2. Ozone proved to be the most efficient oxidizing agent： the diesel soot combustion by O3 occurs intensively（in the presence of copper chromite based catalyst） even at closing to ambient temperatures.Results obtained give a basis for the conclusion that using a catalytic coating on soot filters in the form of aforementioned binary oxide systems and ozone as the initiator of the oxidation processes is a promising approach in solving the problem of comprehensive purification of automotive exhaust gases at relatively low temperatures, known as the ＂cold start＂ problem.展开更多
Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is considered as a protective factor against cardiovascular disorders.However,there are few reports on the effects of H2S in the central nervous system during stress or injury.Previous studies on ...Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is considered as a protective factor against cardiovascular disorders.However,there are few reports on the effects of H2S in the central nervous system during stress or injury.Previous studies on goldfish have shown that astrocytic response occurs in the damaged and contralateral optic nerves.Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)concentration in the optic nerves of rainbow trout has not been measured previously.This study further characterized the astrocytic response in the optic nerve and the brain of a rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)after unilateral eye injury and estimated the amount of H2S-producing enzyme cystathionineβ-synthase(CBS)in the brain of the rainbow trout.Within 1 week after unilateral eye injury,a protein band corresponding to a molecular weight of 50 kDa was identified in the ipsi-and contralateral optic nerves of the rainbow trout.The concentration of GFAP in the injured optic nerve increased compared to the protein concentration on the contralateral side.The results of a quantitative analysis of GFAP+cell distribution in the contralateral optic nerve showed the largest number of GFAP+cells and fibers in the optic nerve head.In the damaged optic nerve,patterns of GFAP+cell migration and large GFAP+bipolar activated astrocytes were detected at 1 week after unilateral eye injury.The study of H2S-producing system after unilateral eye injury in the rainbow trout was conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,western blot analysis,and immunohistochemistry of polyclonal antibodies again st CBS in the integrative centers of the brain:telencephalon,optic tectum,and cerebellum.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed a 1.7-fold increase in CBS expression in the rainbow trout brain at 1 week after unilateral eye injury compared with that in intact animals.In the ventricular and subventricular regions of the rainbow trout telencephalon,CBS+radial glia and neuroepithelial cells were identified.After unilateral eye injury,the number of CBS+neuroepithelial cells in the pallial and subpallial periventricular regions of the telencephalon increased.In the optic tectum,unilateral eye injury led to an increase in CBS expression in radial glial cells;simultaneously,the number of CBS+neuroepithelial cells decreased in intact animals.In the cerebellum of the rainbow trout,neuroglial interrelationships were revealed,where H2S was released,apparently,from astrocyte-like cells.The organization of H2S-producing cell complexes suggests that,the amount of glutamate produced in the rainbow trout cerebellum and its reuptake was controlled by astrocyte-like cells,reducing its excitotoxicity.In the dorsal matrix zone and granular eminences of the rainbow trout cerebellum,CBS was expressed in neuroepithelial cells.After unilateral eye injury,the level of CBS activity increased in all parts of the cerebellum.An increase in the number of H2S-producing cells was a response to oxidative stress after unilateral eye injury,and the overproduction of H2S in the cerebellum occurred to neutralize reactive oxygen species,providing the cells of the rainbow trout cerebellum with a protective effect.A structural reorganization in the dorsal matrix zone,associated with the appearance of an additional CBS+apical zone,and a decrease in the enzyme activity in the dorsal matrix zone,was revealed in the zones of constitutive neurogenesis.All experiments were approved by the Commission on Biomedical Ethics,A.V.Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology(NSCMB),Far Eastern Branch,Russian Academy of Science(FEB RAS)(approval No.1)on July 31,2019.展开更多
Based on laws of theory of materials strengthening were discribed the experimentally obtained alloying effect in Mg-Ga system and shown using program for 3d atomic structures.As known from our experiments a homogeneou...Based on laws of theory of materials strengthening were discribed the experimentally obtained alloying effect in Mg-Ga system and shown using program for 3d atomic structures.As known from our experiments a homogeneous"wavy"microstructure of the diffusion zone forms as result of mass-transfer of molten gallium into the volume of magnesium alloys.SEM chemical composition shows Mg 65%wt.and Ga 35%wt.and X-ray spectra diffraction data-Mg5Ga2 intermetallic phase formation.Such intermetallic diffusion zone provides the significant strengthening effect of microstructure which was determined experimentally by the indentation method.The 3-d visualization shows the reaction and changing of an original crystal structure of magnesium atomic lattice upon diffusion doping with foreign atoms of gallium and then is shown the coalescence of Mg5Ga2 intermetallic crystal with crystals surfaces of Mg-matrix.So,investigated Mg-alloy strengthening at alloying with Ga explained by two main factors.At first is the formation of intermetallic phases with the ordering and consolidation of the crystal structure of the matrix by the ligature atoms,which is the key factor of the strengthening mechanism fixed experimentally.Second,when hexagonal and orthorhombic atomic structures growth according to their spatial type,a significant disorientation of structural fragments occurs,an increase in the density of the amorphous transition layer,a twinning of the structure in the interphase boundaries,which leads to the formation of intrinsic mutual deformation and a high level of internal stresses.展开更多
As environmentally benign and high-efficiency energy storage devices,sodium-ion capacitors(SICs),which combine the merits of batteries and supercapacitors,are considered to have potentially high energy/power densities...As environmentally benign and high-efficiency energy storage devices,sodium-ion capacitors(SICs),which combine the merits of batteries and supercapacitors,are considered to have potentially high energy/power densities and long lifespan.However,the lack of high-rate anodes that can match the high-power-density cathode hinders the commercial application of SICs.In this work,heterostructured Fe/FeSe_(2)/Fe_(3)Se_(4)nanocomposite is pre-pared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method and investigated as the anode for SICs.Through heterointerface manipulation,Fe/FeSe_(2)/Fe_(3)Se_(4)demonstrates better sodium ion storage performances than the pure FeSe_(2)and FeSe_(2)/Fe_(3)Se_(4).It can deliver a specific capacity of 484.8 mAh·g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.5 A·g^(-1),as well as a good capacity retention.The excellent performance of Fe/FeSe_(2)/Fe_(3)Se_(4)nanocomposite can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of the heterointerface engineered components,where FeSe_(2)and Fe_(3)Se_(4) are responsible for offering a high capacity and metallic Fe can server as mini-current collectors,effec-tively accelerating the electron and charge transfer behavior.Meanwhile,the heterointerface significantly facilitates the sodium ion fast transport,and retards the structural variation during cycling.FeSe-1000//activated carbon(AC)SIC affords a high energy density of 112 Wh·kg^(-1)at 107.5 W·kg^(-1),its power density can achieve 10,750 W·kg^(-1)with remained energy density of 44.2 Wh·kg^(-1),as well as an outstanding cycling stability,demonstrating this effective heterointerface engineered anode strategy for high-performance SICs.展开更多
基金This publication presents findings from research conducted under Project No.III-99-24.489Natural Growth Regulators in the Induction of Resistance of Cereal Plants to HeavyMetals(2024-2028)funded by the NationalAcademy of Sciences of Ukraine.
文摘Prolonged lack of rain and high-temperature lead to soil water deficits,inhibiting cereal crop growth in early ontogenesis and reducing grain quality and yield.Rye(Secale cereale L.)is a key grain crop,particularly in regions where wheat cultivation is challenging or unfeasible.To clarify its drought adaptation mechanisms,we analyzed the effects of moderate soil drought on growth,hormonal homeostasis,and the dynamics and distribution of free amino acids and phenolic compounds in rye at early vegetative stages and post-recovery.Drought triggered both general and organ-specific changes in endogenous phytohormones.A nonspecific response involved the accumulation of stress hormones abscisic acid(ABA)and salicylic acid(SA),alongside the suppression of growth hormones indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and gibberellins.However,hormone dynamics and localization varied across plant organs.ABA and SA levels significantly increased in shoots of drought-stressed and recovered plants,corresponding with inhibited growth.Prolonged drought further enhanced ABA accumulation in both shoots and roots of recovered plants,while SA levels declined in roots but remained elevated in shoots.Drought also caused a substantial reduction in IAA,particularly in shoots,while gibberellins(GA_(3)+GA_(4))significantly decreased in roots.GA_(3)was predominant in most samples,except in the shoots of 2-day-old control plants.Post-recovery,IAA levels increased but remained below control values,while GA_(4)accumulation in roots led to a rise in total gibberellin levels.In contrast,shoot GA_(3)+GA_(4)levels declined,primarily due to GA_(3)reduction.The dominant free amino acids:aspartic acid,glutamic acid,glycine,alanine,and leucinedecreased significantly,underscoring their key role in stress adaptation.Increased flavonoid accumulation,especially in roots,suggests their involvement in antioxidant defense against oxidative stress.A significant increase in ABA and SA levels,along with a marked reduction in IAA and GA content in stressed rye plants occurred alongside a reduction in free amino acid content,accumulation of phenolic compounds,and an increase in flavonoid levels.These findings indicate distinct adaptation strategies in rye shoots and roots undermoderate soil drought.They provide a foundation for further research on drought resistance mechanisms in cereals and the development of strategies to enhance their adaptive potential.
文摘A distinctive feature of scholarly communities today is exploring topics and concepts in interdisciplinary and international contexts. This observation is increasingly apparent and visible in advancing our thinking and policies related to human/environmental worlds at local, regional, and global scales. Maps are an important part of these innovative and ongoing research approaches. In this context, we consider urban forests a topic meriting more attention of scholars studying the geographic and environmental intersections of the natural sciences with the social sciences and humanities. We construct two innovative knowledge bases, one a conceptual framework based on major themes and concepts related to mapping urban forests using key words of the first 100 results of a Google Scholar query and a second using the number of Google Scholar hyperlinks about mapping urban forests in 244 capital cities. We discovered that the constructed world maps reveal vast global unevenness in our knowledge about urban forests in hyperlink numbers and ratios, results that merit further attention by disciplinary, international and interdisciplinary scholarly communities.
基金supported by the BASF Open Innovative Platform(Project OI39).
文摘Phytophthora infestans control is a long-standing problem that has caused ongoing difficulties and brought limited success for over a century.Traditional methods,such as fungicides,have drawbacks including high cost,restrictions on organic farming,potential risks to the environment and human health,and the development of resistant strains.In this study,we employed cutting-edge computer-based techniques,including Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship(QSAR)modeling and molecular docking simulations,to uncover new fungicidal compounds and gain insights into their specific mechanisms of action against P.infestans.QSAR modeling on the number of compounds tested as P.infestans inhibitors was performed using an interactive OCHEM web platform.The predictive ability of the developed classification models had a balanced accuracy(BA)of 77–85%for the training set and BA?89–93%for the validation external test set.During the in vitro testing against P.infestans,thirteen synthesized 2-oxoimidazolidine-4-sulfonamides demonstrated inhibition rates,ranging from 23.6%to 87.4%.The fungicidal potential of six of these fungicides ranged from 79.3%to 87.4%,which is comparable to the activity of known fungicides.Acute toxicity results using the well-known aquatic marker Daphnia magna showed that the most active sulfonamides 3d,3f,3h,3j,3k,and 3l,with LC_(50) values ranging from 13.7 to 52.9 mg/L,are low-toxicity compounds.The molecular docking results demonstrated a potential mechanism of the antifungal action of the studied 2-oxoimidazolidin-4-sulfonamide derivatives via the inhibition of fungal CYP51,a sterol biosynthesis enzyme.
基金the governmental funding of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,registration number 0120U000224.
文摘The study of the impact of high-temperature stress on the plant-phytopathogen system,including using nanoparticles,is relevant in connection with climate changes.Therefore,our work was aimed at studying the impact of high-temperature stress on the physiological,biochemical,and growth processes of lentil plants under the conditions of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Mo nanocitrates(Mo Ncit)and artificial infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms.Under high-temperature stress at 32-34°C(humidity 45 and 40%)in field conditions,a decrease in the photochemical activity of leaves of intact lentil plants was observed,due to the acclimatization of the photosynthetic apparatus.Infection with phytopathogenic phytoplasmas and bacteria disrupted the balance of free radicals in leaf tissues,because of which the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD,POD,and phenolic compounds increased.This was likely the main reason for the disruption of the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants to high-temperature stress under artificial infection with phytopathogenic phytoplasmas and bacteria,which destroyed pigment-protein complexes of PS II.As a result,the chlorophyll content in the leaves decreased.At the same time,physiological and biochemical changes in metabolism at presowing seed treatment with Mo Ncit compared to the control,caused an increase in the productivity of lentil plants in natural conditions under the combined action of various factors during the growing season:temperature fluctuations,air humidity,infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms.Therefore,infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms worsened the growth processes of plants,including due to a decrease in the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to high-temperature stress.It is worth emphasizing that pre-treatment with molybdenum nanocitrates had a growth-stimulating and,to some extent,adaptive effect on plants and increased tolerance to phytopathogens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272222)the Taishan Scholar Young Talent Program(tsqn201909114,tsqn201909123)the University Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Province(202201010318)。
文摘Electrocatalytic toluene(TL)oxidation to produce benzoic acid(BAC)process is largely hindered due to sluggish kinetics associated with the transformation of the rate-determining step,because of weak TL adsorption and high rate-determining step energy barrier for difficult to dehydrogenate.Herein,we report Mn_(x)Ce_(1-x)O_(2)/CNT catalyst for accelerated reaction kinetics.Theoretical and experimental studies indicate that Ce sites promote TL adsorption and polyvalent Mn modulates the electronic structure of Ce sites reducing the rate-determining step energy barrier.This results in increasing^(*)C_(6)H_(5)CH_(2)coverage and effectively accelerating TL oxidation reaction(TOR)kinetics.Excitingly,the Faraday efficiency(FE)and BAC yield of optimized Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT at 2.6 V vs.RHE could reach 85.9%and 653.9 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2),respectively.In addition,the Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT displays a high selectivity of 96.3%for BAC.Combining the TL oxidation reaction with hydrogen evolution reaction,the anion exchange membrane electrolyzer of Mn_(0.6)Ce_(0.4)O_(2)/CNT(+)||Pt/C(-)can reach 100 mA cm^(-2)at the voltage of 3.0 V,in which the BAC yield is 579.4 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2)and the FE is 83.6%.This work achieved high selectivity of TOR at industrial-relevant current densities of 100 mA cm^(-2)at the low voltage for the first time.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51605206)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant Nos.SJCX21_1769,SJCX22_1941)Ministry of Science and Technology High-end Foreign Experts Introduction Program Project of China(Grant Nos.G2022014043,G2022014134L).
文摘To investigate the key factors that cause ZrB_(2)/AA6111 and(ZrB_(2)+Al_(3)Zr)/AA6111 aluminum matrix composites(AMCs)made via in situ reaction to behave differently in terms of friction and wear.Room-temperature dry sliding tribological behavior of AA6111 Al alloys,ZrB_(2)/AA6111,and(ZrB_(2)+Al_(3)Zr)/AA6111 AMCs against silicon nitride(Si_(3)N_(4))counterparts were investigated.The study showed that AA6111/Al alloy had the highest wear rate and the most unstable coefficient of friction(COF),indicating the worst abrasion resistance.(ZrB_(2)+Al_(3)Zr)/AA6111 AMCs exhibit a lower wear rate and higher COF than ZrB_(2)/AA6111 AMCs.The result proved that the Al_(3)Zr particles prepared by the in-situ reaction are strongly bonded(lattice misfitδ=2.7%)to the Al matrix and are not easily stripped from the substrate.ZrB_(2)/AA6111 AMCs exhibited a lower COF attributed to the tribochemical reaction inducing the formation of more boric acid(H_(3)BO_(3))films with a graphite-like structure having a lubricating effect.
基金financial support of this paper by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine under grant(Biotherm/0124U000789).
文摘The selection of carbon sources and the biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB)by the Azotobacter vinelandii N-15 strain using renewable raw materials were investigated.Among the tested substrates(starch,sucrose,molasses,bran),molasses as the carbon source yielded the highest PHB production.The maximum polymer yield(26%of dry biomass)was achieved at a molasses concentration of 40 g/L.PHB formation was confirmed via thinlayer chromatography,gas chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Composite films based on PHB,polylactic acid(PLA),and their blends were fabricated using the solvent casting.The biodegradation of these films was studied with bacteria isolated from plastic-contaminated soil.These bacteria utilized the biopolymers as their sole carbon source,with the biodegradation process lasting three months.Structural and chemical changes in the films were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry,and thermogravimetry.Among the microorganisms used to study the biodegradation of PHB,PLA,and their blends,Streptomyces sp.K2 and Streptomyces sp.K4 exhibited the highest biodegradation efficiency.PHB-containing films demonstrated significant advantages over other biodegradable polymers,as they degrade under aerobic conditions via enzymatic hydrolysis using microbial depolymerases.
基金the financial supports provided by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0201500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52375315)+2 种基金the Key Talent Plan Project of Guangdong Province(2023TQ07C702)the Research and Development Program in Key Areas of Dongguan(20201200300122)the GDAS’Project of Science and Technology Development(2022GDASZH-2022010203).
文摘Refill friction stir spot welding process is difficultly optimized by accurate modeling because of the high-order functional relationship between welding parameters and joint strength.A database of the welding process was first established with 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and DP780 galvanized steel as base materials.This dataset was then optimized using a backpropagation neural network.Analyses and mining of the experimental data confirmed the multidimensional mapping relationship between welding parameters and joint strength.Subsequently,intelligent optimization of the welding process and prediction of joint strength were achieved.At the predicted welding parameter(plunging rotation speedω1=1733 r/min,refilling rotation speedω_(2)=1266 r/min,plunging depth p=1.9 mm,and welding speed v=0.5 mm/s),the tensile shear fracture load of the joint reached a maximum value of 10,172 N,while the experimental result was 9980 N,with an error of 1.92%.Furthermore,the correlation of welding parameters-microstructure-joint strength was established.
基金supported in part by the RFBR Grant #09-04- 01241 and the Presidium RAS Program"Origin and evolution of Biosphere"
文摘Arthropodan syuinclusions in the Late Eocene Rovno amber were examined using x^2 to reveal correlation of the component groups （some taxa of Diptera, ants, aphids, and mites） supposedly indicative of the biocoenotic relationships in the ancient amber forest. Three tightly correlated groups were identified, representing a putative aerial plankton guild （Chironomidae ＋ Ceratopogonidae） and two tree-trunk guilds, one of which （Dolichopodidae ＋ Germaraphis） is possibly connected to more open or/and more hygrophilous habitats than the other （Sciara zone Diptera ＋ ＂Acarus＂ rhombeus）. The ants were not linked with any of the above components.
文摘The development of waste management can be considered in some way dictates of time. Ukraine has unique conditions of the secondary usage of natural resources, which is particularly important given to the increasing generation of waste and its progressive accumulation. The relevant provisions relate to the industrial sector as well as areas of consumption. However, for most of recyclable materials is still low. The formation of market relations in Ukraine contributed to enhance this process and relevant field of entrepreneurship. Now the formation of a separate segment is taking place. The state and the perspectives of the development of collection, accumulation and recycling of waste stream have been analyzed in the article. Conceptual position of the legislative regulation of this field is defined. The ways of improving the legal support of secondary raw materials have been defined. The peculiarities of waste management of Ukraine are considered.
文摘The end of modernism questions reality and its theoretical description,and various attempts of postmodern rethinking of the social emerge-from denial,assertion of the disappearance of the social to its salvation through radical rethinking.Theorizing around the imaginary emerges and continues as a result of this rethinking.Cornelius Castoriadis,for example,absolutizes the concept of the imaginary,which,in his opinion,even contains the rational.Charles Taylor gives imaginary,though important,but limited role as a background knowledge.Speaking of the imaginary,one cannot,of course,ignore Benedict Andersen’s imaginary communities.According to Andersen,the“imagination”of a nation,like any other community,reflects not the fact that they are“invented”or“constructed”but that they are the result of human practice,that social reality is a socio-historical and cultural product.Nation differs from other communities in the style of representation,namely,the representation-understanding,first of all,of space and time.A specific moment in time is connected not only with the past and future,but also with the same moment in another time and space measurement.People in this case,communicate and socialize through books,newspapers,and national languages.Most importantly,the nation as an imaginary community opposes itself to other communities,distinguishes itself from them,and strives for autonomy.And the guarantee of autonomy is the sovereign state,the nation-state,therefore the nation is always connected with the state and the territory of the exercise of its monopoly right.That is,the nation is an imaginary community that is real only to the extent that it is correlated with the modern territorial state.According to the author,the transformation of the national imaginary under the conditions of globalization is characterized by the loss of attachment to the territory,by the fact that territoriality ceases to be the main,organizing principle of social life.Social practices are increasingly formed beyond borders,belonging to ethnicity,national identity is not determined by territory and citizenship.Despite this,we must not forget that globalization is not a finished project.The transformation of the national imaginary should be viewed not only as the emergence of new imaginary communities,whether national or transnational,but also against the backdrop of interaction and even struggle between traditional forms of social practices and new ones,as evidenced by the growth of ethnic conflicts and separatist movements.According to Appudurai,this is also a consequence of globalization processes.And how this confrontation will end,the question remains open.
文摘In this study, we investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of the mycelia of higher mushrooms against influenza virus type A(serotype H1N1) and herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2), strain BH. All 10 investigated mushroom species inhibited the reproduction of influenza virus strain A/FM/1/47(H1N1) in MDCK cells reducing the infectious titer by 2.0–6.0 lg ID50. Four species, Pleurotus ostreatus, Fomes fomentarius, Auriporia aurea, and Trametes versicolor, were also determined to be effective against HSV-2 strain BH in RK-13 cells, with similar levels of inhibition as for influenza. For some of the investigated mushroom species—Pleurotus eryngii, Lyophyllum shimeji, and Flammulina velutipes—this is the first report of an anti-influenza effect. This study also reports the first data on the medicinal properties of A. aurea, including anti-influenza and antiherpetic activities. T. versicolor 353 mycelium was found to have a high therapeutic index(324.67), and may be a promising material for the pharmaceutical industry as an anti-influenza and antiherpetic agent with low toxicity. Mycelia with antiviral activity were obtained in our investigation by bioconversion of agricultural wastes(amaranth flour after CO2 extraction), which would reduce the cost of the final product and solve some ecological problems.
基金supported by the National Specific-Purpose Scientific and Technical Program of Ukraine "Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials" (No.0110U005685)the Program of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine "Fundamental Problems of Nanos-tructure Systems, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies" (No.KPKV 6541030)
文摘The present article studies the effect of CeO2 and A1203 on the activity of Pd/Co304/cordierite catalyst in conversion of NO, CO, CnHm. The catalysts were characterized by temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the effect of CeO2 on the properties of Pd/C03 O4/cordierite catalyst depends on preparation method. The catalyst obtained by co-deposition of cerium and cobalt oxides has higher activity in CO oxidation （CO ＋ 02 and CO ＋ NO） and total hexane oxidation （C6H14 ＋ 02）. Such phenomenon is probably caused by more than stoichiometric amount of formed oxygen vacancies, an increase in both mobility of surface oxygen and dispersity of components in the catalytic composition. It is demonstrated that CeO2 addition promotes the SO2 resistance of Pd/C03 O4/cordierite. The second support decreases the activity of Pd/Co3Oa/cordierite catalyst in the reactions of CO and C6H14 with oxygen because of COA1204 formation.
文摘Nickel-alumina catalysts supported on cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure surpass essentially the conventional granulated ones with respect to the output in carbon dioxide reforming of methane. Adjusting the surface acid-base properties of catalysts by introduction of alkali metal （Na, K） oxides inhibits the carbonization and as a result, improves the operational stability of these catalysts. An effect of promotion of nickel-alumina based composite doped by lanthanum oxide is found. This effect, caused by an additional route for the CO2 activation on Ni-La2O3/Al2O3/cordierite catalyst, is displayed in increase of methane conversion under conditions of an oxidant excess.
文摘Influence of severe cold deformation of titanium alloy Ti-1.5%A1-6.8%Mo-4.5%Fe in metastable β condition on the evolution of phase composition, microstructure, and tensile properties during continuous rapid heating was studied. As-deformed alloy was characterized by quasi-amorphous single-phase β condition with an abnormal temperature dependence of electric resistance that was normalized after 48 h exposure at room temperature as a result of isothermal ω phase precipitation. Subsequent rapid heating with a rate of 5 ℃/s caused recovery and recrystallization. Tensile properties of the alloy after different treatments were determined and discussed.
文摘Binary oxide systems（Cu Cr2O4, Cu Co2O4）, deposited onto cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure with a second support（finely dispersed Al2O3）, were prepared as filters for catalytic combustion of diesel soot using internal combustion engine’s gas exhausts（O2, NOx, H2 O, CO2） and O3 as oxidizing agents. It is shown that the second support increases soot capacity of aforementioned filters, and causes dispersion of the particles of spinel phases as active components enhancing thereby catalyst activity and selectivity of soot combustion to CO2. Oxidants used can be arranged with reference to decreasing their activity in a following series： O3 NO2〉 H2 O 〉 NO 〉 O2〉 CO2. Ozone proved to be the most efficient oxidizing agent： the diesel soot combustion by O3 occurs intensively（in the presence of copper chromite based catalyst） even at closing to ambient temperatures.Results obtained give a basis for the conclusion that using a catalytic coating on soot filters in the form of aforementioned binary oxide systems and ozone as the initiator of the oxidation processes is a promising approach in solving the problem of comprehensive purification of automotive exhaust gases at relatively low temperatures, known as the ＂cold start＂ problem.
基金supported by a grant from the President of the Russian Federation(No.MD-4318.2015.4 to EVP)a grant from the Program for Basic Research of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2015–2017(No.15-I-6-116,section III to EVP,AAV and DKO)
文摘Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is considered as a protective factor against cardiovascular disorders.However,there are few reports on the effects of H2S in the central nervous system during stress or injury.Previous studies on goldfish have shown that astrocytic response occurs in the damaged and contralateral optic nerves.Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)concentration in the optic nerves of rainbow trout has not been measured previously.This study further characterized the astrocytic response in the optic nerve and the brain of a rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)after unilateral eye injury and estimated the amount of H2S-producing enzyme cystathionineβ-synthase(CBS)in the brain of the rainbow trout.Within 1 week after unilateral eye injury,a protein band corresponding to a molecular weight of 50 kDa was identified in the ipsi-and contralateral optic nerves of the rainbow trout.The concentration of GFAP in the injured optic nerve increased compared to the protein concentration on the contralateral side.The results of a quantitative analysis of GFAP+cell distribution in the contralateral optic nerve showed the largest number of GFAP+cells and fibers in the optic nerve head.In the damaged optic nerve,patterns of GFAP+cell migration and large GFAP+bipolar activated astrocytes were detected at 1 week after unilateral eye injury.The study of H2S-producing system after unilateral eye injury in the rainbow trout was conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,western blot analysis,and immunohistochemistry of polyclonal antibodies again st CBS in the integrative centers of the brain:telencephalon,optic tectum,and cerebellum.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results showed a 1.7-fold increase in CBS expression in the rainbow trout brain at 1 week after unilateral eye injury compared with that in intact animals.In the ventricular and subventricular regions of the rainbow trout telencephalon,CBS+radial glia and neuroepithelial cells were identified.After unilateral eye injury,the number of CBS+neuroepithelial cells in the pallial and subpallial periventricular regions of the telencephalon increased.In the optic tectum,unilateral eye injury led to an increase in CBS expression in radial glial cells;simultaneously,the number of CBS+neuroepithelial cells decreased in intact animals.In the cerebellum of the rainbow trout,neuroglial interrelationships were revealed,where H2S was released,apparently,from astrocyte-like cells.The organization of H2S-producing cell complexes suggests that,the amount of glutamate produced in the rainbow trout cerebellum and its reuptake was controlled by astrocyte-like cells,reducing its excitotoxicity.In the dorsal matrix zone and granular eminences of the rainbow trout cerebellum,CBS was expressed in neuroepithelial cells.After unilateral eye injury,the level of CBS activity increased in all parts of the cerebellum.An increase in the number of H2S-producing cells was a response to oxidative stress after unilateral eye injury,and the overproduction of H2S in the cerebellum occurred to neutralize reactive oxygen species,providing the cells of the rainbow trout cerebellum with a protective effect.A structural reorganization in the dorsal matrix zone,associated with the appearance of an additional CBS+apical zone,and a decrease in the enzyme activity in the dorsal matrix zone,was revealed in the zones of constitutive neurogenesis.All experiments were approved by the Commission on Biomedical Ethics,A.V.Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology(NSCMB),Far Eastern Branch,Russian Academy of Science(FEB RAS)(approval No.1)on July 31,2019.
文摘Based on laws of theory of materials strengthening were discribed the experimentally obtained alloying effect in Mg-Ga system and shown using program for 3d atomic structures.As known from our experiments a homogeneous"wavy"microstructure of the diffusion zone forms as result of mass-transfer of molten gallium into the volume of magnesium alloys.SEM chemical composition shows Mg 65%wt.and Ga 35%wt.and X-ray spectra diffraction data-Mg5Ga2 intermetallic phase formation.Such intermetallic diffusion zone provides the significant strengthening effect of microstructure which was determined experimentally by the indentation method.The 3-d visualization shows the reaction and changing of an original crystal structure of magnesium atomic lattice upon diffusion doping with foreign atoms of gallium and then is shown the coalescence of Mg5Ga2 intermetallic crystal with crystals surfaces of Mg-matrix.So,investigated Mg-alloy strengthening at alloying with Ga explained by two main factors.At first is the formation of intermetallic phases with the ordering and consolidation of the crystal structure of the matrix by the ligature atoms,which is the key factor of the strengthening mechanism fixed experimentally.Second,when hexagonal and orthorhombic atomic structures growth according to their spatial type,a significant disorientation of structural fragments occurs,an increase in the density of the amorphous transition layer,a twinning of the structure in the interphase boundaries,which leads to the formation of intrinsic mutual deformation and a high level of internal stresses.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(Nos.E2021202011 and E2018202123)Jian-Hua Research Foundation of Hebei University of Technology(No.HB1921)+4 种基金High-strength,Highprecision,Superconducting Rail Transit Aluminum Research and Development and Industrialization Projects(No.2019TSLH0110)"One Belt,One Road"Technology Innovation Cooperation Project of Tianjin(No.18PTZWHZ00220)Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of World-class Research Center program(No.075-15-2020-934)Foundation of Strengthening Program(No.2019-JCJQ-142-00)the Exchange Project of the Third Meeting of the Science and Technology Cooperation Subcommittee of the China-Ukraine Intergovernmental Cooperation Committee(No.CU03-11).
文摘As environmentally benign and high-efficiency energy storage devices,sodium-ion capacitors(SICs),which combine the merits of batteries and supercapacitors,are considered to have potentially high energy/power densities and long lifespan.However,the lack of high-rate anodes that can match the high-power-density cathode hinders the commercial application of SICs.In this work,heterostructured Fe/FeSe_(2)/Fe_(3)Se_(4)nanocomposite is pre-pared by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method and investigated as the anode for SICs.Through heterointerface manipulation,Fe/FeSe_(2)/Fe_(3)Se_(4)demonstrates better sodium ion storage performances than the pure FeSe_(2)and FeSe_(2)/Fe_(3)Se_(4).It can deliver a specific capacity of 484.8 mAh·g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 0.5 A·g^(-1),as well as a good capacity retention.The excellent performance of Fe/FeSe_(2)/Fe_(3)Se_(4)nanocomposite can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of the heterointerface engineered components,where FeSe_(2)and Fe_(3)Se_(4) are responsible for offering a high capacity and metallic Fe can server as mini-current collectors,effec-tively accelerating the electron and charge transfer behavior.Meanwhile,the heterointerface significantly facilitates the sodium ion fast transport,and retards the structural variation during cycling.FeSe-1000//activated carbon(AC)SIC affords a high energy density of 112 Wh·kg^(-1)at 107.5 W·kg^(-1),its power density can achieve 10,750 W·kg^(-1)with remained energy density of 44.2 Wh·kg^(-1),as well as an outstanding cycling stability,demonstrating this effective heterointerface engineered anode strategy for high-performance SICs.
