Periodontitis has emerged as one of the most critical oral diseases, and research on this condition holds great importance for the advancement of stomatology. As the most authoritative national scientific research fun...Periodontitis has emerged as one of the most critical oral diseases, and research on this condition holds great importance for the advancement of stomatology. As the most authoritative national scientific research funding institution in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has played a pivotal role in driving the progress of periodontal science by supporting research on periodontitis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research and development progress related to periodontitis in China from 2014 to 2023, highlighting the significant contributions of the NSFC to this field. We have summarized the detailed funding information from the NSFC, including the number of applicant codes, funded programs and the distribution of funded scholars. These data illustrate the efforts of the NSFC in cultivating young scientists and building research groups to address key challenges in national scientific research. This study offers an overview of the current hot topics, recent breakthroughs and future research prospects related to periodontitis in China.展开更多
This article explores the transformative role of digital education in overcoming geographic and systemic challenges in the Maldives,an archipelagic nation facing unique educational constraints.Leveraging digital tools...This article explores the transformative role of digital education in overcoming geographic and systemic challenges in the Maldives,an archipelagic nation facing unique educational constraints.Leveraging digital tools offers a critical solution to bridge these barriers and ensure accessible,quality education across the islands.The Maldives National University(MNU)has undertaken initiatives to expand digital education offerings,accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic to facilitate online learning across the Maldives.Drawing on MNU’s 2021 study,“The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Higher Education Sector of Maldives:Responses and Challenges,”this paper examines challenges such as infrastructure limitations,digital literacy gaps,and student engagement,alongside MNU’s strategies to address these issues.This article also highlights MNU’s ongoing research initiatives,including participation in the EU Erasmus project DIGITAsia and a completed e-learning project with the EU,and discusses the value of international collaboration in advancing digital education.Furthermore,it outlines current government initiatives aimed at enhancing digital literacy among citizens.Future directions are discussed,including the integration of adaptive technologies to further personalize learning and prepare students for the demands of a global digital economy.展开更多
National awakening and the cultivation of national defense consciousness among the populace are deeply interconnected,forming a central narrative theme in Chinese films about the War of Resistance Against Japanese Agg...National awakening and the cultivation of national defense consciousness among the populace are deeply interconnected,forming a central narrative theme in Chinese films about the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.The collective historical memory of the Chinese people’s wartime experience,which embodies the awakening of public defense consciousness,provides a significant historical reference for contemporary national defense development.This paper takes the film The Eight Hundred as a case study,analyzing its dialogues and scenes to trace the process through which national defense consciousness awakens among ordinary people.It concludes that such awakening is an inevitable outcome shaped by moral exemplars and cultural heritage.As an important medium of cultural transmission,War of Resistance-themed films not only construct and perpetuate national defense awareness through historical narratives but also inspire contemporary society to strengthen its defense consciousness through cinematic representation.Furthermore,these films serve as a window for international cross-cultural dialogue.Especially on the 80th anniversary of the victory in the War of Resistance,they showcase to the world the spiritual strength and national resilience of the Chinese people in resisting foreign aggression.展开更多
April 15,2025,was the 10th National Security Education Day of China.This year marks the 10th anniversary of the promulgation of the National Security Law of the People's Republic of China(PRC).Designating April 15...April 15,2025,was the 10th National Security Education Day of China.This year marks the 10th anniversary of the promulgation of the National Security Law of the People's Republic of China(PRC).Designating April 15 as National Security Education Day marked a milestone in the PRC's history of national security and education,aimed at shoring up weaknesses in China's national security education in line with the requirements presented by domestic and international situations.It is also an effective measure to apply a holistic approach to national security towards achieving high-level security.Over the past decade,China's national security education has made substantive progress in quality and efficiency,achieving remarkable results.It has significantly enhanced the public awareness of national security,the rule of law on the national security front,the knowledge and communication systems concerning national security,and China's capacity to safeguard and shape its security.The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called for further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese moder nization,putting for th higher requirements for national security education.On the way ahead,China should fully apply a holistic approach to national security by coordinating the following five aspects:the development of its national security education system and the strengthening of the rule of law;social education and school education;education content and education forms;intensive education and regular education;key areas and key groups.Doing so will provide a robust security guarantee for steadily advancing Chinese modernization.展开更多
Since last year,China’s inbound tourism market has accelerated its recovery.With the introduction and optimization of various facilitation policies and the development of new products,the inbound tourism market has s...Since last year,China’s inbound tourism market has accelerated its recovery.With the introduction and optimization of various facilitation policies and the development of new products,the inbound tourism market has shown unlimited potential for growth.According to data from the Data Center of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,the number of inbound tourists reached a new high during the Spring Festival in 2025.The UK became China's third largest source of inbound tourists after the Republic of Korea and Japan.展开更多
AIM:To investigate whether blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio(BAR)influences the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in diabetic patients.METHODS:The diabetic individuals were extracted from the N...AIM:To investigate whether blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio(BAR)influences the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in diabetic patients.METHODS:The diabetic individuals were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database spanning 1999 to 2018.The BAR was calculated as the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin.To evaluate the association between BAR levels and DR,a generalized additive model and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed.Additionally,subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether other factors modified this association.RESULTS:The number of eligible individuals in the current research endeavor equaled 5798.The resulting data were indicative of the existence of a nearly linearly positive relationship between BAR levels and DR.Following confounding variable adjustment(age,gender,marital status,red blood cell,hemoglobin,lactate dehydrogenase,uric acid,creatinine,gender,red cell distribution width,highdensity lipoprotein,glucose,sodium,glycated hemoglobin,hypertension,and total cholesterol),the multivariate investigation implied that an elevated DR risk correlated with elevated levels of BAR(OR:1.46,95%CI:1.20-1.79).This relationship was noted to be reliable and stable across diverse analyses,following the conduction of sensitivity analysis(P for trend:0.0002).Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant interactions between BAR and most other risk factors for DR.CONCLUSION:The study provides evidence of a positive association between elevated BAR levels and an increased risk of DR in diabetic individuals.展开更多
Background Ischemic heart disease(IHD) represents the most significant disease burden among all cardiovascular diseases(CVDs). The increasing prevalence of metabolic risks in the 21st century has a profound impact on ...Background Ischemic heart disease(IHD) represents the most significant disease burden among all cardiovascular diseases(CVDs). The increasing prevalence of metabolic risks in the 21st century has a profound impact on the disease burden associated with IHD. We analyzed the global, regional, and national burdens of IHD attributable to metabolic risks from 1990 to 2021.Methods The data were taken from Global Burden of Disease(GBD) study 2021. Deaths, disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),the average annual percent change(AAPC), age-standardized death rates per 100,000 persons(ASDR) and age-standardized rate per 100,000 persons(ASR) of DALYs ranging from 1990 to 2021, were extracted and stratified according to region, nationality, socio-demographic index(SDI), sex, and age. Additionally, the global future trends were predicted using Nordpred prediction model.Results Compared to 1990, in 2021, the number of death and DALYs from metabolic risk-attributed IHD increased globally by67.35% and 59.91%, respectively;whereas ASDR and ASR of DALYs showed a decreasing trend and the most severe impact was observed in male and elderly populations. In addition, the burden of disease showed an inverted V-shaped relationship with SDI from 1990 to 2021. AAPC showed a significant increase in developing countries and a decrease in developed countries. We also analyzed the effects of different risk factors including metabolic risk factors on IHD in different SDI regions and genders. The prediction of future disease burden showed that the number of death and DALYs will keep rising, while ASDR and ASR of DALYs will maintain a certain downward trend.Conclusions The results of this study highlighted the need for screening and intervention for metabolic risk factors in specific regions and populations, this should call for increased collaboration between developing and developed countries to reduce the burden of disease and improve the prognosis of patients with IHD.展开更多
Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are important infrastructure for ensuring the security of national energy supply.There is still a certain gap between safety management requirements and systematic construction of r...Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are important infrastructure for ensuring the security of national energy supply.There is still a certain gap between safety management requirements and systematic construction of relevant regulations and standards for long-distance pipelines in China and those of EU countries.By means of literature review and standard comparison,the differences in key indicators such as design coefficient,regional grade classification.展开更多
The International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS)has been producing and updating its International Chro-nostratigraphic Chart for several decades.The chart communicates higher-order divisions of geological time and ac...The International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS)has been producing and updating its International Chro-nostratigraphic Chart for several decades.The chart communicates higher-order divisions of geological time and actual knowledge on the numerical ages of their bound-aries.Distributed via the ICS website www.stratigraphy.org the chart promotes use in graphic,tabulated and further digital forms in multiple languages.This paper is a status update,eleven years since the last such publication,cov-ering activities between 2012 and 2024.Chart updates during the past decade have echoed the ICS’s primary objective of precisely defining a global standard set of time-correlative units(Systems,Series,Stages)for stratigraphic successions worldwide.These units are,in turn,the basis for the Periods,Epochs,and Ages of the Geological Time Scale.Their standardization is fundamental for expressing geological knowledge,in application and education,out-reach and continuing research.The chart offers a frame-work through which regional-scale higher-resolution divisions can be linked,equated and collated.Likewise it offers a framework for digital representation of the Geological Time Scale.Maintenance and distribution of chart versions on the web has been a manual endeavour,a process that ICS is upgrading to serve an increasingly digital world.展开更多
With the rapid development of aviation industry and its increasing impact on the global climate change,the contributions of carbon emissions frominternational flights are attracting more and more attention worldwide.T...With the rapid development of aviation industry and its increasing impact on the global climate change,the contributions of carbon emissions frominternational flights are attracting more and more attention worldwide.This study,taking Macao as the aviation hub,established the cross-border aviation carbon emission evaluation model to explore dynamic carbon emissions and net-zero path of international flights.The aviation hubmainly covers 58 routes and five types of civil aircraft from 12 countries or regions during 2000-2022.The results show that the aviation transportation in Macao emitted about 1.44 million tons CO_(2)eq in 2019,which is high 3.6 times that of 2000.The COVID-19 has led to a rapid decline in aviation carbon emissions in a short period of time,carbon emissions in 2020 decreased by 80%compared to 2019.In terms of cumulative carbon emissions from 2000 to 2019,the A321 and A320 Airbus contribute to 80%of carbon emissions.And the Chinese mainland(37%)and Taiwan(29%)are the main sources of emissions.In 2000-2019,the proportion of carbon emissions from China(including Taiwan and Hong Kong)decrease from 91%to 53%,while the contribution from Southeast Asia(from 5% to 26%),Japan and South Korea(from 2% to 19%)keep the growth trends.In the optimal scenario(B3C3),net zero emissions of cross-border aviation in Macao can be not achieved,and there is still only by removing 0.3 million tons CO_(2)eq.Emission reduction technology and new energy usage are priorities for the aviation emission reduction.展开更多
Objective:Cervical cancer is a growing concern in China,especially among women who reside in rural areas and older women.Understanding age-and region-specific trends in cervical cancer is vital for informing policy an...Objective:Cervical cancer is a growing concern in China,especially among women who reside in rural areas and older women.Understanding age-and region-specific trends in cervical cancer is vital for informing policy and assessing progress toward WHO elimination targets.Methods:The 2000±2020 data from 22 long-standing registries contributing to the China national cancer registry was analyzed to estimate age-standardized incidence and mortality rates(ASIR and ASMR,respectively).Joinpoint regression yielded an average annual percentage change(AAPC)stratified by age group(<35,35±64,65±74,and≥75 y)and by urban-rural area.The comparative analysis included GLOBOCAN Overtime data from selected Asia-Pacific countries.Results:The ASIR tripled in China between 2000 and 2020 before stabilizing(AAPC=6.5%),while the ASMR rose steadily(AAPC=3.9%).The urban incidence declined after 2009 among women<35 y,while rural trends were broadly stable.The ASIR and ASMR increased in urban areas among women 35±64 y of age,while rural areas had a rising ASIR and a stable ASMR,suggesting potential screening effects.In contrast,women≥65 y of age had a steadily increasing incidence and mortality in rural and urban areas.Australia and Republic of Korea had consistent declines in the ASIRs and ASMRs compared to other Asia-Pacific countries,whereas Japan exhibited rising trends.The Philippines experienced a surge in mortality rates,despite incidence rates remaining stable or declining.Conclusions:The cervical cancer burden in China has begun to plateau but large disparities persist by age and geography.To achieve elimination of cervical cancer,it is imperative to implement tailored strategies that prioritize the urgent expansion of HPV vaccination programs,the deployment of high-efficacy screening methods,and the universal access to treatment throughout the nation.展开更多
“Multidimensional international world”refers to understanding the world through multiple dimensions beyond traditional economic or political measures,fostering cross-cultural collaboration,and creating systems that ...“Multidimensional international world”refers to understanding the world through multiple dimensions beyond traditional economic or political measures,fostering cross-cultural collaboration,and creating systems that balance global integration with local needs.This also includes management of global business operations across diverse cultures in a multipolar international landscape.The paper briefs the developed and already tested in numerous applications high-level Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT),which can help investigate and manage complex systems with a holistic spatial approach effectively covering various physical and virtual dimensions,their interrelations,and integration as a whole.Different areas will be investigated with examples of practical solutions in them and their combinations in a high-level Spatial Grasp Language(SGL),the key element of SGT.This allows for the creation and distributed management of very large spatial networks with different orientation which can be self-spreading,self-analyzing,self-modifying,and self-recovering in complex terrestrial and celestial environments,and also organize dynamic multi-networking solutions supporting global evolution and integrity.展开更多
The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established b...The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.展开更多
Objective: Chronic osteomyelitis represents a frequent complication in young children, especially those with sickle cell disease. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological aspects and therapeutic impli...Objective: Chronic osteomyelitis represents a frequent complication in young children, especially those with sickle cell disease. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological aspects and therapeutic implications of chronic long-bone osteomyelitis in sickle-cell subjects aged 0 to 5 years at Zinder National Hospital. Methodology: This is a descriptive study with retrospective data collection of sickle cell subjects hospitalized and treated for chronic osteomyelitis from November 2023 to October 2024 at Zinder National Hospital. Results: Of the 16 patients included, male sex predominated in 56.25% (9/16). The mean age of patients was 32.69 months, ranging from 12 to 54 months. Involvement was multifocal in 75% (12/16) and bilateral in 37.5% (6/16). Bone involvement was predominantly in the pelvic limbs (87.5%). Among the bones affected, the femur was the most frequent site of involvement. All patients presented clinical symptoms such as pain, fever and swelling. Hyperleukocytosis was present in all subjects. Abscesses were present in 93.75% of cases, and sequestration was observed in 37.5% of patients. All cases were managed medico-surgically. Complications were noted in 25% (4/16), and involved residual bone deformities. Cure was confirmed in 43.75% (7/16). Conclusion: Chronic osteomyelitis in sickle-cell patients is a serious complication of acute osteomyelitis. Early management of acute osteomyelitis helps to avoid.展开更多
Introduction: Lower respiratory infections in general, and acute bronchiolitis in particular, represent a major cause of morbidity in children in Niger. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological, di...Introduction: Lower respiratory infections in general, and acute bronchiolitis in particular, represent a major cause of morbidity in children in Niger. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic features of acute bronchiolitis in infants in the Pediatrics A department of the National Hospital in Zinder. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with prospective data collection conducted from April 1 to May 31, 2024. All infants aged 0 to 24 months hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis in the pediatric ward A of Zinder National Hospital were included in the study. Epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects were the characteristics studied. Data analysis was performed using Epi info 7 software. Results: During the study period, acute bronchiolitis accounted for 51% of hospitalizations, and infants aged 3 - 11 months were the most affected (52.90%). The sex ratio was 1.6. The average age of patients was 10.40 ± 6.91 months, with extremes of 1 and 24 months. 98.50% of patients came from urban areas, and the socioeconomic level of families was average in 47.49% of cases. Mixed breastfeeding was practiced in 59.63% of cases. Average hospital admission time was 4.22 days. The main clinical signs were cough (43.18%), rhinorrhea (70.85%), ronchi (35.33%), crepitating rales (26.54%), sibilant rales (24.11%), signs of struggle (14.02%) and polypnea (70.85%). Paraclinical findings included chest distension, hyperleukocytosis and anemia, with 47.48%, 55.14% and 78.31% respectively. Therapeutically, nebulization was used in 93.08% of cases, respiratory physiotherapy (41.34%), corticosteroid therapy (34.08%), antibiotic therapy (21.50%), oxygen therapy (20.11%) and antipyretics (4.68%) were prescribed. Progression was favorable in 93.08% of patients, with a case-fatality rate of 1.12%. Conclusion: With its high frequency, acute bronchiolitis is a public health problem. Boys were the most affected by the condition, and the predominant age group was 3 to 11 months. Management was essentially based on nebulization and physiotherapy.展开更多
Introduction: Open leg fracture is a diaphyseal or metaphyseal, extra-articular fracture of one or both leg bones, with communication between the fracture site and the external environment. To provide a broader contex...Introduction: Open leg fracture is a diaphyseal or metaphyseal, extra-articular fracture of one or both leg bones, with communication between the fracture site and the external environment. To provide a broader context, studies conducted globally have highlighted the significance of understanding open leg fractures due to their complex management and potential complications. Previous research in Africa and Europe provides comparative data that emphasizes regional differences in fracture types, causes, and treatment outcomes. This study aims to contribute to improving the management of theses fractures in Niger. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study carried out in the Traumatology-Orthopedics Department of the Zinder National Hospital, Niger, from December 8, 2020 to June 8, 2022 (18 months). We included all patients over 15 years of age in whom an open leg fracture was diagnosed and managed. Inclusion criteria focused on patients aged over 15 years with confirmed diagnoses of open leg fractures. Results: Over an 18-month period, the frequency of open leg fractures was 16.28%. There was a predominance of males (85.93% or n = 116). The average age of patients was 31.79 years. Road accidents were the primary circumstance of occurrence (93.33% or n = 126). The fracture line was simple in 74 patients (54.81%) and complex in 61 cases (45.19%). Surgically, the external fixator was used in 78 cases (57.80%). Postoperative follow-up was mostly straightforward. The main complications were infection (4 cases) and delayed consolidation (4 cases). Conclusion: Open leg fractures in adults are frequent at Zinder National Hospital. Public road accidents were the main cause of occurrence. An external fixator osteosynthesis was the most commonly used surgical option. These findings have important implications for healthcare policy, particularly in improving trauma care infrastructure and road safety initiatives in Niger. Future studies should prioritize the development of standardized treatment protocols and investigate the long-term outcomes of different surgical approaches.展开更多
Since the 1970s,a series of international and national sources have supported the principle of accessibility,which slowly has become a statuary norm and a legislative obligation.Each country has implemented accessibil...Since the 1970s,a series of international and national sources have supported the principle of accessibility,which slowly has become a statuary norm and a legislative obligation.Each country has implemented accessibility through a singular policy.But in addition to the accessibility of a place or an activity,to inform about what is accessible is very important as well,and has not really taken off.Indeed,for disabled people,the difficulty lies not only with access to places and the use of resources,but also with the visibility of these resources.This means that information concerning accessibility has to be disclosed and provided effectively to disabled people,those involved with them and the relevant institutions.In different countries all over the world,many labels and pictograms have been created for this purpose and give information relating to accessibility.Using a socio-historical approach,we will present and analyze the different types of icons,symbols,pictograms and labels that have been put in place around the world and in France:what are they used for and for whom are they made?We will show that they are pointers which firstly reflect the diversity and range within the target group concerned by accessibility,and secondly the evolution of accessibility as a dynamic and ecological principle.展开更多
Background After pediatric cardiac surgery,many patients require a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit.These patients require tremendous resources,which adds an additional burden to the healthcare systems.To dat...Background After pediatric cardiac surgery,many patients require a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit.These patients require tremendous resources,which adds an additional burden to the healthcare systems.To date,few studies have investigated risk factors in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease,especially in developing countries.This study aimed to explore the risk factors for prolonged intensive care unit stay after pediatric cardiac surgery to improve care planning and resource management.Methods This retrospective study included pediatric patients with congenital heart disease who underwent surgical repair at our single center from January 2021 to December 2022.We analyzed 44 potential risk factors across pre-operative,intra-operative,and post-operative variables using logistic regression to identify independent risk factors.Results Prolonged intensive care unit stay was defined as≥95th percentile(≥12 d).Of the 4348 patients studied,246 experienced prolonged intensive care unit stay or hospital death after surgery were categorized as Group 1,while 4102 patients without prolonged stay or hospital death after surgery were designated as Group 2.Multivariable analysis identified 14 independent risk factors:age,pre-operative data cystatin C,palliative procedure,duration of cardiopulmonary bypass,lactic acid at weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass,postoperative arrhythmia,renal replacement therapy,re-operation,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,re-intubation,central venous pressure 2 h after transferred to the intensive care unit,volume of chest tube drainage 2 h after transferred to the intensive care unit,vasoactive-inotropic score on post-operative day 1,left ventricular ejection fraction on post-operative day 1.Conclusions This study identified 14 risk factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit stays after pediatric cardiac surgery.These findings can help identify at-risk patients for targeted interventions to reduce intensive care unit duration and associated costs.展开更多
Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial obstruction of the upper airways (hypopnea) and/or intermittent compl...Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial obstruction of the upper airways (hypopnea) and/or intermittent complete obstruction (apnea). Our aim is to study the role of adeno-tonsillectomy in the management of OSAHS in children. Methodology: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted in the ENT-Head and Neck Surgery department of Ignace Deen National Hospital over a six-month period. We included in our study all patients aged 0 to 15 years, presenting with OSAHS of ENT etiology and who had undergone tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. Results: The frequency of OSAHS was 13%. The mean age of our patients was 5.1 ± 3.8 years. There was a predominance of males (69.6%) with a sex ratio of 2.28. Snoring (98.6%), nasal obstruction (97.1%), and mouth breathing (96.6%) were the main reasons for consultation. Adeno-tonsillectomy (45.4%) was the primary surgical intervention. Almost all children (99.0%) had a simple postoperative course. Conclusion: OSAHS is a condition with a multifactorial etiology. Adeno-tonsillectomy remains the first-line surgical treatment to prevent severe complications and relieve the patient. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential in the management of OSAHS.展开更多
AIM:To identify factors associated with adherence to annual eye examinations among adults with diabetes mellitus(DM)in Malaysia METHODS:Data from community-dwelling adults aged≥18y with known DM,defined as those who ...AIM:To identify factors associated with adherence to annual eye examinations among adults with diabetes mellitus(DM)in Malaysia METHODS:Data from community-dwelling adults aged≥18y with known DM,defined as those who had previously been informed by a doctor or assistant medical officer of their diagnosis were analyzed using the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2023,a population-based crosssectional survey conducted using a two-stage stratified random sampling design.Locally validated questionnaire on diabetic eye screening was administered through faceto-face interviews from July until September 2023.Adults with known DM were asked three key questions about eye examinations:whether their eyes had been examined using clinical tools(illustrated with images of a direct ophthalmoscope,slit lamp or fundus camera),the timing of their last eye examination(if applicable),and whether they had been referred to an ophthalmology clinic for DM-related complications,serving as a proxy for diabetic retinopathy(DR)referrals.Complex sample analysis,incorporating sample weights and the study’s design,were used to describe respondents’baseline characteristics by urban or rural localities.Multivariable binary logistic regression with adjusted odds ratio(aOR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)was performed.RESULTS:Among 1554 adults with known DM in Malaysia,58.8%had never undergone an eye examination and only 29.5%complied with the recommended annual eye check-ups.Additionally,25.8%of DM patients were referred to an ophthalmology clinic for DR.Referral to ophthalmology clinic for DR(aOR=4.63,95%CI:3.27,6.55),insulin use(aOR=1.93,95%CI:1.37,2.72),secondary education(aOR=1.71,95%CI:1.03,2.85)and DM duration≥10y(aOR=1.48,95%CI:1.02,2.16)were associated with higher odds of annual eye examinations.Chinese(aOR=0.50,95%CI:0.29,0.87)and Indian(aOR=0.47,95%CI:0.29,0.78)ethnicities had lower odds of undergoing annual eye examinations compared to Malay ethnicity.Similarly,those with a monthly household income of≥RM10000(aOR=0.45,95%CI:0.21,0.95)were less likely to get their eyes examined yearly.CONCLUSION:Fewer than one-third of adults with DM in Malaysia adhere to the recommended annual eye examinations,with lower compliance observed among Chinese or Indian ethnicities and those with higher household incomes.Targeted educational campaigns for Chinese,Indian,and higher-income adults with DM may encourage regular eye exams and reduce preventable vision loss from DR in Malaysia.展开更多
文摘Periodontitis has emerged as one of the most critical oral diseases, and research on this condition holds great importance for the advancement of stomatology. As the most authoritative national scientific research funding institution in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has played a pivotal role in driving the progress of periodontal science by supporting research on periodontitis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research and development progress related to periodontitis in China from 2014 to 2023, highlighting the significant contributions of the NSFC to this field. We have summarized the detailed funding information from the NSFC, including the number of applicant codes, funded programs and the distribution of funded scholars. These data illustrate the efforts of the NSFC in cultivating young scientists and building research groups to address key challenges in national scientific research. This study offers an overview of the current hot topics, recent breakthroughs and future research prospects related to periodontitis in China.
文摘This article explores the transformative role of digital education in overcoming geographic and systemic challenges in the Maldives,an archipelagic nation facing unique educational constraints.Leveraging digital tools offers a critical solution to bridge these barriers and ensure accessible,quality education across the islands.The Maldives National University(MNU)has undertaken initiatives to expand digital education offerings,accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic to facilitate online learning across the Maldives.Drawing on MNU’s 2021 study,“The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Higher Education Sector of Maldives:Responses and Challenges,”this paper examines challenges such as infrastructure limitations,digital literacy gaps,and student engagement,alongside MNU’s strategies to address these issues.This article also highlights MNU’s ongoing research initiatives,including participation in the EU Erasmus project DIGITAsia and a completed e-learning project with the EU,and discusses the value of international collaboration in advancing digital education.Furthermore,it outlines current government initiatives aimed at enhancing digital literacy among citizens.Future directions are discussed,including the integration of adaptive technologies to further personalize learning and prepare students for the demands of a global digital economy.
文摘National awakening and the cultivation of national defense consciousness among the populace are deeply interconnected,forming a central narrative theme in Chinese films about the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.The collective historical memory of the Chinese people’s wartime experience,which embodies the awakening of public defense consciousness,provides a significant historical reference for contemporary national defense development.This paper takes the film The Eight Hundred as a case study,analyzing its dialogues and scenes to trace the process through which national defense consciousness awakens among ordinary people.It concludes that such awakening is an inevitable outcome shaped by moral exemplars and cultural heritage.As an important medium of cultural transmission,War of Resistance-themed films not only construct and perpetuate national defense awareness through historical narratives but also inspire contemporary society to strengthen its defense consciousness through cinematic representation.Furthermore,these films serve as a window for international cross-cultural dialogue.Especially on the 80th anniversary of the victory in the War of Resistance,they showcase to the world the spiritual strength and national resilience of the Chinese people in resisting foreign aggression.
文摘April 15,2025,was the 10th National Security Education Day of China.This year marks the 10th anniversary of the promulgation of the National Security Law of the People's Republic of China(PRC).Designating April 15 as National Security Education Day marked a milestone in the PRC's history of national security and education,aimed at shoring up weaknesses in China's national security education in line with the requirements presented by domestic and international situations.It is also an effective measure to apply a holistic approach to national security towards achieving high-level security.Over the past decade,China's national security education has made substantive progress in quality and efficiency,achieving remarkable results.It has significantly enhanced the public awareness of national security,the rule of law on the national security front,the knowledge and communication systems concerning national security,and China's capacity to safeguard and shape its security.The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called for further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese moder nization,putting for th higher requirements for national security education.On the way ahead,China should fully apply a holistic approach to national security by coordinating the following five aspects:the development of its national security education system and the strengthening of the rule of law;social education and school education;education content and education forms;intensive education and regular education;key areas and key groups.Doing so will provide a robust security guarantee for steadily advancing Chinese modernization.
文摘Since last year,China’s inbound tourism market has accelerated its recovery.With the introduction and optimization of various facilitation policies and the development of new products,the inbound tourism market has shown unlimited potential for growth.According to data from the Data Center of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism,the number of inbound tourists reached a new high during the Spring Festival in 2025.The UK became China's third largest source of inbound tourists after the Republic of Korea and Japan.
基金Supported by the Wenzhou Municipal Basic Scientific Research Project(No.Y20220789).
文摘AIM:To investigate whether blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio(BAR)influences the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy(DR)in diabetic patients.METHODS:The diabetic individuals were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database spanning 1999 to 2018.The BAR was calculated as the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin.To evaluate the association between BAR levels and DR,a generalized additive model and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed.Additionally,subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether other factors modified this association.RESULTS:The number of eligible individuals in the current research endeavor equaled 5798.The resulting data were indicative of the existence of a nearly linearly positive relationship between BAR levels and DR.Following confounding variable adjustment(age,gender,marital status,red blood cell,hemoglobin,lactate dehydrogenase,uric acid,creatinine,gender,red cell distribution width,highdensity lipoprotein,glucose,sodium,glycated hemoglobin,hypertension,and total cholesterol),the multivariate investigation implied that an elevated DR risk correlated with elevated levels of BAR(OR:1.46,95%CI:1.20-1.79).This relationship was noted to be reliable and stable across diverse analyses,following the conduction of sensitivity analysis(P for trend:0.0002).Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant interactions between BAR and most other risk factors for DR.CONCLUSION:The study provides evidence of a positive association between elevated BAR levels and an increased risk of DR in diabetic individuals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070055 and 82470054)the Project Program of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital, Grant No.2023LNJJ18)。
文摘Background Ischemic heart disease(IHD) represents the most significant disease burden among all cardiovascular diseases(CVDs). The increasing prevalence of metabolic risks in the 21st century has a profound impact on the disease burden associated with IHD. We analyzed the global, regional, and national burdens of IHD attributable to metabolic risks from 1990 to 2021.Methods The data were taken from Global Burden of Disease(GBD) study 2021. Deaths, disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),the average annual percent change(AAPC), age-standardized death rates per 100,000 persons(ASDR) and age-standardized rate per 100,000 persons(ASR) of DALYs ranging from 1990 to 2021, were extracted and stratified according to region, nationality, socio-demographic index(SDI), sex, and age. Additionally, the global future trends were predicted using Nordpred prediction model.Results Compared to 1990, in 2021, the number of death and DALYs from metabolic risk-attributed IHD increased globally by67.35% and 59.91%, respectively;whereas ASDR and ASR of DALYs showed a decreasing trend and the most severe impact was observed in male and elderly populations. In addition, the burden of disease showed an inverted V-shaped relationship with SDI from 1990 to 2021. AAPC showed a significant increase in developing countries and a decrease in developed countries. We also analyzed the effects of different risk factors including metabolic risk factors on IHD in different SDI regions and genders. The prediction of future disease burden showed that the number of death and DALYs will keep rising, while ASDR and ASR of DALYs will maintain a certain downward trend.Conclusions The results of this study highlighted the need for screening and intervention for metabolic risk factors in specific regions and populations, this should call for increased collaboration between developing and developed countries to reduce the burden of disease and improve the prognosis of patients with IHD.
基金Soft Science Research Project of the Special Equipment Safety and Energy Conservation Technology Committee of the State Administration for Market Regulation“Comparative Study of Special Equipment Supervision and Inspection Modes at Home and Abroad(AJW-2024-06)”Scientific Research and Technology Development Project of National Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Group Co.,Ltd.“Benchmarking of Pressure Pipeline(Long-Distance Pipeline)Regulatory System and Research on In-Service Pipeline Safety Management Technology(J-24-D08)”。
文摘Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are important infrastructure for ensuring the security of national energy supply.There is still a certain gap between safety management requirements and systematic construction of relevant regulations and standards for long-distance pipelines in China and those of EU countries.By means of literature review and standard comparison,the differences in key indicators such as design coefficient,regional grade classification.
文摘The International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS)has been producing and updating its International Chro-nostratigraphic Chart for several decades.The chart communicates higher-order divisions of geological time and actual knowledge on the numerical ages of their bound-aries.Distributed via the ICS website www.stratigraphy.org the chart promotes use in graphic,tabulated and further digital forms in multiple languages.This paper is a status update,eleven years since the last such publication,cov-ering activities between 2012 and 2024.Chart updates during the past decade have echoed the ICS’s primary objective of precisely defining a global standard set of time-correlative units(Systems,Series,Stages)for stratigraphic successions worldwide.These units are,in turn,the basis for the Periods,Epochs,and Ages of the Geological Time Scale.Their standardization is fundamental for expressing geological knowledge,in application and education,out-reach and continuing research.The chart offers a frame-work through which regional-scale higher-resolution divisions can be linked,equated and collated.Likewise it offers a framework for digital representation of the Geological Time Scale.Maintenance and distribution of chart versions on the web has been a manual endeavour,a process that ICS is upgrading to serve an increasingly digital world.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR,China(Nos.0033/2022/AFJ and 0011/2023/AMJ)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515012017).
文摘With the rapid development of aviation industry and its increasing impact on the global climate change,the contributions of carbon emissions frominternational flights are attracting more and more attention worldwide.This study,taking Macao as the aviation hub,established the cross-border aviation carbon emission evaluation model to explore dynamic carbon emissions and net-zero path of international flights.The aviation hubmainly covers 58 routes and five types of civil aircraft from 12 countries or regions during 2000-2022.The results show that the aviation transportation in Macao emitted about 1.44 million tons CO_(2)eq in 2019,which is high 3.6 times that of 2000.The COVID-19 has led to a rapid decline in aviation carbon emissions in a short period of time,carbon emissions in 2020 decreased by 80%compared to 2019.In terms of cumulative carbon emissions from 2000 to 2019,the A321 and A320 Airbus contribute to 80%of carbon emissions.And the Chinese mainland(37%)and Taiwan(29%)are the main sources of emissions.In 2000-2019,the proportion of carbon emissions from China(including Taiwan and Hong Kong)decrease from 91%to 53%,while the contribution from Southeast Asia(from 5% to 26%),Japan and South Korea(from 2% to 19%)keep the growth trends.In the optimal scenario(B3C3),net zero emissions of cross-border aviation in Macao can be not achieved,and there is still only by removing 0.3 million tons CO_(2)eq.Emission reduction technology and new energy usage are priorities for the aviation emission reduction.
基金supported by a grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2409901)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-011)。
文摘Objective:Cervical cancer is a growing concern in China,especially among women who reside in rural areas and older women.Understanding age-and region-specific trends in cervical cancer is vital for informing policy and assessing progress toward WHO elimination targets.Methods:The 2000±2020 data from 22 long-standing registries contributing to the China national cancer registry was analyzed to estimate age-standardized incidence and mortality rates(ASIR and ASMR,respectively).Joinpoint regression yielded an average annual percentage change(AAPC)stratified by age group(<35,35±64,65±74,and≥75 y)and by urban-rural area.The comparative analysis included GLOBOCAN Overtime data from selected Asia-Pacific countries.Results:The ASIR tripled in China between 2000 and 2020 before stabilizing(AAPC=6.5%),while the ASMR rose steadily(AAPC=3.9%).The urban incidence declined after 2009 among women<35 y,while rural trends were broadly stable.The ASIR and ASMR increased in urban areas among women 35±64 y of age,while rural areas had a rising ASIR and a stable ASMR,suggesting potential screening effects.In contrast,women≥65 y of age had a steadily increasing incidence and mortality in rural and urban areas.Australia and Republic of Korea had consistent declines in the ASIRs and ASMRs compared to other Asia-Pacific countries,whereas Japan exhibited rising trends.The Philippines experienced a surge in mortality rates,despite incidence rates remaining stable or declining.Conclusions:The cervical cancer burden in China has begun to plateau but large disparities persist by age and geography.To achieve elimination of cervical cancer,it is imperative to implement tailored strategies that prioritize the urgent expansion of HPV vaccination programs,the deployment of high-efficacy screening methods,and the universal access to treatment throughout the nation.
文摘“Multidimensional international world”refers to understanding the world through multiple dimensions beyond traditional economic or political measures,fostering cross-cultural collaboration,and creating systems that balance global integration with local needs.This also includes management of global business operations across diverse cultures in a multipolar international landscape.The paper briefs the developed and already tested in numerous applications high-level Spatial Grasp Model and Technology(SGT),which can help investigate and manage complex systems with a holistic spatial approach effectively covering various physical and virtual dimensions,their interrelations,and integration as a whole.Different areas will be investigated with examples of practical solutions in them and their combinations in a high-level Spatial Grasp Language(SGL),the key element of SGT.This allows for the creation and distributed management of very large spatial networks with different orientation which can be self-spreading,self-analyzing,self-modifying,and self-recovering in complex terrestrial and celestial environments,and also organize dynamic multi-networking solutions supporting global evolution and integrity.
文摘The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.
文摘Objective: Chronic osteomyelitis represents a frequent complication in young children, especially those with sickle cell disease. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological aspects and therapeutic implications of chronic long-bone osteomyelitis in sickle-cell subjects aged 0 to 5 years at Zinder National Hospital. Methodology: This is a descriptive study with retrospective data collection of sickle cell subjects hospitalized and treated for chronic osteomyelitis from November 2023 to October 2024 at Zinder National Hospital. Results: Of the 16 patients included, male sex predominated in 56.25% (9/16). The mean age of patients was 32.69 months, ranging from 12 to 54 months. Involvement was multifocal in 75% (12/16) and bilateral in 37.5% (6/16). Bone involvement was predominantly in the pelvic limbs (87.5%). Among the bones affected, the femur was the most frequent site of involvement. All patients presented clinical symptoms such as pain, fever and swelling. Hyperleukocytosis was present in all subjects. Abscesses were present in 93.75% of cases, and sequestration was observed in 37.5% of patients. All cases were managed medico-surgically. Complications were noted in 25% (4/16), and involved residual bone deformities. Cure was confirmed in 43.75% (7/16). Conclusion: Chronic osteomyelitis in sickle-cell patients is a serious complication of acute osteomyelitis. Early management of acute osteomyelitis helps to avoid.
文摘Introduction: Lower respiratory infections in general, and acute bronchiolitis in particular, represent a major cause of morbidity in children in Niger. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic features of acute bronchiolitis in infants in the Pediatrics A department of the National Hospital in Zinder. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with prospective data collection conducted from April 1 to May 31, 2024. All infants aged 0 to 24 months hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis in the pediatric ward A of Zinder National Hospital were included in the study. Epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects were the characteristics studied. Data analysis was performed using Epi info 7 software. Results: During the study period, acute bronchiolitis accounted for 51% of hospitalizations, and infants aged 3 - 11 months were the most affected (52.90%). The sex ratio was 1.6. The average age of patients was 10.40 ± 6.91 months, with extremes of 1 and 24 months. 98.50% of patients came from urban areas, and the socioeconomic level of families was average in 47.49% of cases. Mixed breastfeeding was practiced in 59.63% of cases. Average hospital admission time was 4.22 days. The main clinical signs were cough (43.18%), rhinorrhea (70.85%), ronchi (35.33%), crepitating rales (26.54%), sibilant rales (24.11%), signs of struggle (14.02%) and polypnea (70.85%). Paraclinical findings included chest distension, hyperleukocytosis and anemia, with 47.48%, 55.14% and 78.31% respectively. Therapeutically, nebulization was used in 93.08% of cases, respiratory physiotherapy (41.34%), corticosteroid therapy (34.08%), antibiotic therapy (21.50%), oxygen therapy (20.11%) and antipyretics (4.68%) were prescribed. Progression was favorable in 93.08% of patients, with a case-fatality rate of 1.12%. Conclusion: With its high frequency, acute bronchiolitis is a public health problem. Boys were the most affected by the condition, and the predominant age group was 3 to 11 months. Management was essentially based on nebulization and physiotherapy.
文摘Introduction: Open leg fracture is a diaphyseal or metaphyseal, extra-articular fracture of one or both leg bones, with communication between the fracture site and the external environment. To provide a broader context, studies conducted globally have highlighted the significance of understanding open leg fractures due to their complex management and potential complications. Previous research in Africa and Europe provides comparative data that emphasizes regional differences in fracture types, causes, and treatment outcomes. This study aims to contribute to improving the management of theses fractures in Niger. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study carried out in the Traumatology-Orthopedics Department of the Zinder National Hospital, Niger, from December 8, 2020 to June 8, 2022 (18 months). We included all patients over 15 years of age in whom an open leg fracture was diagnosed and managed. Inclusion criteria focused on patients aged over 15 years with confirmed diagnoses of open leg fractures. Results: Over an 18-month period, the frequency of open leg fractures was 16.28%. There was a predominance of males (85.93% or n = 116). The average age of patients was 31.79 years. Road accidents were the primary circumstance of occurrence (93.33% or n = 126). The fracture line was simple in 74 patients (54.81%) and complex in 61 cases (45.19%). Surgically, the external fixator was used in 78 cases (57.80%). Postoperative follow-up was mostly straightforward. The main complications were infection (4 cases) and delayed consolidation (4 cases). Conclusion: Open leg fractures in adults are frequent at Zinder National Hospital. Public road accidents were the main cause of occurrence. An external fixator osteosynthesis was the most commonly used surgical option. These findings have important implications for healthcare policy, particularly in improving trauma care infrastructure and road safety initiatives in Niger. Future studies should prioritize the development of standardized treatment protocols and investigate the long-term outcomes of different surgical approaches.
文摘Since the 1970s,a series of international and national sources have supported the principle of accessibility,which slowly has become a statuary norm and a legislative obligation.Each country has implemented accessibility through a singular policy.But in addition to the accessibility of a place or an activity,to inform about what is accessible is very important as well,and has not really taken off.Indeed,for disabled people,the difficulty lies not only with access to places and the use of resources,but also with the visibility of these resources.This means that information concerning accessibility has to be disclosed and provided effectively to disabled people,those involved with them and the relevant institutions.In different countries all over the world,many labels and pictograms have been created for this purpose and give information relating to accessibility.Using a socio-historical approach,we will present and analyze the different types of icons,symbols,pictograms and labels that have been put in place around the world and in France:what are they used for and for whom are they made?We will show that they are pointers which firstly reflect the diversity and range within the target group concerned by accessibility,and secondly the evolution of accessibility as a dynamic and ecological principle.
基金supported by the Artificial Intelligence and Information Application Foundation of Fuwai Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2024-AI17)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2025-GSP-QN-7).
文摘Background After pediatric cardiac surgery,many patients require a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit.These patients require tremendous resources,which adds an additional burden to the healthcare systems.To date,few studies have investigated risk factors in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease,especially in developing countries.This study aimed to explore the risk factors for prolonged intensive care unit stay after pediatric cardiac surgery to improve care planning and resource management.Methods This retrospective study included pediatric patients with congenital heart disease who underwent surgical repair at our single center from January 2021 to December 2022.We analyzed 44 potential risk factors across pre-operative,intra-operative,and post-operative variables using logistic regression to identify independent risk factors.Results Prolonged intensive care unit stay was defined as≥95th percentile(≥12 d).Of the 4348 patients studied,246 experienced prolonged intensive care unit stay or hospital death after surgery were categorized as Group 1,while 4102 patients without prolonged stay or hospital death after surgery were designated as Group 2.Multivariable analysis identified 14 independent risk factors:age,pre-operative data cystatin C,palliative procedure,duration of cardiopulmonary bypass,lactic acid at weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass,postoperative arrhythmia,renal replacement therapy,re-operation,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,re-intubation,central venous pressure 2 h after transferred to the intensive care unit,volume of chest tube drainage 2 h after transferred to the intensive care unit,vasoactive-inotropic score on post-operative day 1,left ventricular ejection fraction on post-operative day 1.Conclusions This study identified 14 risk factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit stays after pediatric cardiac surgery.These findings can help identify at-risk patients for targeted interventions to reduce intensive care unit duration and associated costs.
文摘Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial obstruction of the upper airways (hypopnea) and/or intermittent complete obstruction (apnea). Our aim is to study the role of adeno-tonsillectomy in the management of OSAHS in children. Methodology: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted in the ENT-Head and Neck Surgery department of Ignace Deen National Hospital over a six-month period. We included in our study all patients aged 0 to 15 years, presenting with OSAHS of ENT etiology and who had undergone tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. Results: The frequency of OSAHS was 13%. The mean age of our patients was 5.1 ± 3.8 years. There was a predominance of males (69.6%) with a sex ratio of 2.28. Snoring (98.6%), nasal obstruction (97.1%), and mouth breathing (96.6%) were the main reasons for consultation. Adeno-tonsillectomy (45.4%) was the primary surgical intervention. Almost all children (99.0%) had a simple postoperative course. Conclusion: OSAHS is a condition with a multifactorial etiology. Adeno-tonsillectomy remains the first-line surgical treatment to prevent severe complications and relieve the patient. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential in the management of OSAHS.
文摘AIM:To identify factors associated with adherence to annual eye examinations among adults with diabetes mellitus(DM)in Malaysia METHODS:Data from community-dwelling adults aged≥18y with known DM,defined as those who had previously been informed by a doctor or assistant medical officer of their diagnosis were analyzed using the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2023,a population-based crosssectional survey conducted using a two-stage stratified random sampling design.Locally validated questionnaire on diabetic eye screening was administered through faceto-face interviews from July until September 2023.Adults with known DM were asked three key questions about eye examinations:whether their eyes had been examined using clinical tools(illustrated with images of a direct ophthalmoscope,slit lamp or fundus camera),the timing of their last eye examination(if applicable),and whether they had been referred to an ophthalmology clinic for DM-related complications,serving as a proxy for diabetic retinopathy(DR)referrals.Complex sample analysis,incorporating sample weights and the study’s design,were used to describe respondents’baseline characteristics by urban or rural localities.Multivariable binary logistic regression with adjusted odds ratio(aOR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)was performed.RESULTS:Among 1554 adults with known DM in Malaysia,58.8%had never undergone an eye examination and only 29.5%complied with the recommended annual eye check-ups.Additionally,25.8%of DM patients were referred to an ophthalmology clinic for DR.Referral to ophthalmology clinic for DR(aOR=4.63,95%CI:3.27,6.55),insulin use(aOR=1.93,95%CI:1.37,2.72),secondary education(aOR=1.71,95%CI:1.03,2.85)and DM duration≥10y(aOR=1.48,95%CI:1.02,2.16)were associated with higher odds of annual eye examinations.Chinese(aOR=0.50,95%CI:0.29,0.87)and Indian(aOR=0.47,95%CI:0.29,0.78)ethnicities had lower odds of undergoing annual eye examinations compared to Malay ethnicity.Similarly,those with a monthly household income of≥RM10000(aOR=0.45,95%CI:0.21,0.95)were less likely to get their eyes examined yearly.CONCLUSION:Fewer than one-third of adults with DM in Malaysia adhere to the recommended annual eye examinations,with lower compliance observed among Chinese or Indian ethnicities and those with higher household incomes.Targeted educational campaigns for Chinese,Indian,and higher-income adults with DM may encourage regular eye exams and reduce preventable vision loss from DR in Malaysia.
