Rechargeable magnesium batteries are promising alternatives to traditional lithium batteries because of the high abundance of Mg compounds in earth crust,their low toxicity,and possible favorable properties as electro...Rechargeable magnesium batteries are promising alternatives to traditional lithium batteries because of the high abundance of Mg compounds in earth crust,their low toxicity,and possible favorable properties as electrodes'material.However,Mg metal anodes face several challenges,notably the natively existence of an inactive oxide layer on their surfaces,which reduces their effectiveness.Additionally,interactions of Mg electrodes with electrolyte solutions'components can lead to the formation of insulating surface layers,that can fully block them for ions transport.This review addresses these issues by focusing on surface treatments strategies to enhance electrochemical performance of Mg anodes.It highlights chemical and physical modification techniques to prevent oxidation and inactive-layers formation,as well as their practical implications for MIBs.We also examined the impact of Mg anodes'surface engineering on their electrochemical reversibility and cycling efficiency.Finally,future research directions to improve the performance and commercial viability of magnesium anodes and advance development of high-capacity,safe,and cost-effective energy storage systems based on magnesium electrochemistry are discussed.展开更多
Detection of target analytes at low concentrations is significant in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,healthcare,and environmental protection.Theophylline(TP),a natural alkaloid used as a bronchodilator to tre...Detection of target analytes at low concentrations is significant in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,healthcare,and environmental protection.Theophylline(TP),a natural alkaloid used as a bronchodilator to treat respiratory disorders such as asthma,bronchitis,and emphysema,has a narrow therapeutic window with a safe plasma concentration ranging from 55.5-111.0μmol·L^(-1)in adults.Accurate monitoring of TP levels is essential because too low or too high can cause se-rious side effects.In this regard,non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors offer a practical solution with rapidity,portability,and high sensitivity.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent developments of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for TP detection,highlighting the basic principles,electro-oxidation mechanisms,catalytic effects,and the role of modifying materials on electrode performance.Carbon-based electrodes such as glassy carbon electrodes(GCEs),carbon paste electrodes(CPEs),and carbon screen-printed electrodes(SPCEs)have become the primary choices for non-enzymatic sensors due to their chemical stability,low cost,and flexibility in modification.This article identifies the sig-nificant contribution of various modifying materials,including nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),graphene,metal oxides,and multi-element nanocomposites.These modifications enhance sensors’electron transfer,sensitivity,and selectivity in detecting TP at low concentrations in complex media such as blood plasma and pharmaceutical samples.The electro-oxidation mechanism of TP is also discussed in depth,emphasizing the hydroxyl and carbonyl reaction pathways strongly influenced by pH and electrode materials.These mechanisms guide the selection of the appropriate electrode ma-terial for a particular application.The main contribution of this article is to identify superior modifying materials that can improve the performance of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.In a recent study,the combination of multi-element nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),CNTs,and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)resulted in the lowest detection limit of 3×10^(-5)μmol·L^(-1),reflecting the great potential of these materials for developing high-performance electrochemical sensors.The main conclusion of this article is the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in electrode material design to support the sensitivity and selectivity of TP detection.In addition,there is still a research gap in understanding TP’s more detailed oxidation mechanism,especially under pH variations and complex environments.Therefore,further research on electrode modification and analysis of the TP oxidation mechanism are urgently needed to improve the accuracy and sta-bility of the sensor while expanding its applications in pharmaceutical monitoring and medical diagnostics.By integrating various innovative materials and technical approaches,this review is expected to be an essential reference for developing efficient and affordable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are a cutting-edge energy storage solution,with several advantages over the state-of-art lithiumion batteries(LIBs).The use of magnesium(Mg)metal as an anode material provides a m...Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are a cutting-edge energy storage solution,with several advantages over the state-of-art lithiumion batteries(LIBs).The use of magnesium(Mg)metal as an anode material provides a much higher gravimetric capacity compared to graphite,which is currently used as the anode material in LIBs.Despite the significant advances in electrolyte,the development of cathode material is limited to materials that operate at low average discharge voltage(<1.0 V vs.Mg/Mg^(2+)),and developing high voltage cathodes remains challenging.Only a few materials have been shown to intercalate Mg^(2+)ions reversibly at high voltage.This review focuses on the structural aspects of cathode material that can operate at high voltage,including the Mg^(2+)intercalation mechanism in relation to its electrochemical properties.The materials are categorized into transition metal oxides and polyanions and subcategorized by the intrinsic Mg^(2+)diffusion path.This review also provides insights into the future development of each material,aiming to stimulate and guide researchers working in this field towards further advancements in high voltage cathodes.展开更多
Aqueous batteries with metal anodes exhibit robust anodic capacities,but their energy densities are low because of the limited potential stabilities of aqueous electrolyte solutions.Current metal options,such as Zn an...Aqueous batteries with metal anodes exhibit robust anodic capacities,but their energy densities are low because of the limited potential stabilities of aqueous electrolyte solutions.Current metal options,such as Zn and Al,pose a dilemma:Zn lacks a sufficiently low redox potential,whereas Al tends to be strongly oxidized in aqueous environments.Our investigation introduces a novel rechargeable aqueous battery system based on Mn as the anode.We examine the effects of anions,electrolyte concentration,and diverse cathode chemistries.Notably,the ClO_(4)-based electrolyte solution exhibits improved deposition and dissolution efficiencies.Although stainless steel(SS 316 L)and Ni are stable current collectors for cathodes,they display limitations as anodes.However,using Ti as the anode resulted in increased Mn deposition and dissolution efficiencies.Moreover,we evaluate this system using various cathode materials,including Mn-intercalation-based inorganic(Ag0.33V2O5)and organic(perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride)cathodes and an anionintercalation-chemistry(coronene)-based cathode.These configurations yield markedly higher output potentials compared to those of Zn metal batteries,highlighting the potential for an augmented energy density when using an Mn anode.This study outlines a systematic approach for use in optimizing metal anodes in Mn metal batteries,unlocking novel prospects for Mn-based batteries with diverse cathode chemistries.展开更多
Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)are promising candidates for lithium-ion batteries because of their abundance,non-toxicity,and favorable electrochemical properties.This review explores the reaction mechanisms and electro...Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)are promising candidates for lithium-ion batteries because of their abundance,non-toxicity,and favorable electrochemical properties.This review explores the reaction mechanisms and electrochemical characteristics of Mg-alloy anode materials.While Mg metal anodes provide high volumetric capacity and dendrite-free electrodeposition,their practical application is hindered by challenges such as sluggish Mg^(2+)ion diffusion and electrolyte compatibility.Alloy-type anodes that incorporate groups XIII,XIV,and XV elements have the potential to overcome these limitations.We review various Mg alloys,emphasizing their alloying/dealloying reaction mechanisms,their theoretical capacities,and the practical aspects of MIBs.Furthermore,we discuss the influence of the electrolyte composition on the reversibility and efficiency of these alloy anodes.Emphasis is placed on overcoming current limitations through innovative materials and structural engineering.This review concludes with perspectives on future research directions aimed at enhancing the performance and commercial viability of Mg alloy anodes and contributing to the development of high-capacity,safe,and cost-effective energy storage systems.展开更多
Leukemia is one of the ten types of cancer that causes the biggest death in the world.Compared to other types of cancer,leukemia has a low life expectancy,so an early diagnosis of the cancer is necessary.A new strateg...Leukemia is one of the ten types of cancer that causes the biggest death in the world.Compared to other types of cancer,leukemia has a low life expectancy,so an early diagnosis of the cancer is necessary.A new strategy has been developed to identify various leukemia biomarkers by making blood cancer biosensors,especially by developing nanomaterial applications so that they can improve the performance of the biosensor.Although many biosensors have been developed,the detection of leukemia by using nanomaterials with electrochemical and optical methods is still less carried out compare to other types of cancer biosensors.Even the acoustic and calorimetric testing methods for the detection of leukemia by utilizing nanomaterials have not yet been carried out.Most of the reviewed works reported the use of gold nanoparticles and electrochemical characterization methods for leukemia detection with the object of study being conventional cancer cells.In order to be used clinically by the community,future research must be carried out with a lot of patient blood objects,develop non-invasive leukemia detection,and be able to detect all types of blood cancer specifically with one biosensor.This can lead to a fast and accurate diagnosis thus allowing for early treatment and easy periodic condition monitoring for various types of leukemia based on its biomarker and future design controlable via internet of things(IoT)so that why would be monitoring real times.展开更多
The dissolution of nickel and cobalt from Caldag lateritic nickel ore using the combination of sulphuric and ascorbic acids was investigated. The use of other organic acids, namely citric, maleic and stearic acids, as...The dissolution of nickel and cobalt from Caldag lateritic nickel ore using the combination of sulphuric and ascorbic acids was investigated. The use of other organic acids, namely citric, maleic and stearic acids, as synergistic reagents was studied for comparison. The results revealed that the use of ascorbic and citric acids markedly improved the dissolution of cobalt compared to the other two organic acids that only showed slight synergistic effect on the leaching rate. In terms of nickel dissolution, ascorbic acid is the most effective synergist, followed by citric, maleic and stearic acids in descending order. Under the most optimized conditions found in this study, i.e., using 1 mol/L of sulphuric acid with the presence of 4 g/L of ascorbic acid at 80 ℃and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/10, more than 99% and 98% leaching rates of cobalt and nickel, respectively, can be achieved within 4 h of leaching. In addition, the leaching performance is relatively insensitive to the change of ascorbic acid concentration from 2 to 4 g/L which is highly desirable from operational perspective.展开更多
In this study,novel rhenium–boron neutronshielding high-temperature-resistant materials were designed.The considered samples,Re60–B40,Re58–B42,Re50–B50,and Re40–B60,with different concentrations of rhenium and bo...In this study,novel rhenium–boron neutronshielding high-temperature-resistant materials were designed.The considered samples,Re60–B40,Re58–B42,Re50–B50,and Re40–B60,with different concentrations of rhenium and boron were investigated to elucidate their neutron-shielding performances,and compare them with well-known neutron-shielding materials such as the 316 LN quality nuclear steel.In addition to the experimental studies,Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the FLUKA and GEANT4 codes,where 4.5-MeV neutrons emitted by a ^(241)Am–Be source were employed.Experimental equivalent dose rates,simulated track lengths,energy balances,and neutron mass absorption cross sections were discussed in detail.展开更多
For square-step quantum wells(SSQWs) and graded-step quantum wells(GSQWs), the nonlinear optical rectification(NOR), second harmonic generation(SHG) and third harmonic generation(THG) coefficients under an intense las...For square-step quantum wells(SSQWs) and graded-step quantum wells(GSQWs), the nonlinear optical rectification(NOR), second harmonic generation(SHG) and third harmonic generation(THG) coefficients under an intense laser field(ILF) are analyzed. The found results indicate that ILF can ensure a vital influence on the shape and height of the confined potential profile of both SSQWs and GSQWs, and alterations of the dipole moment matrix elements and the energy levels are adhered on the profile of the confined potential. According to the results, the potential profile and height of the GSQWs are affected more significantly by ILF intensity compared to SSQWs. These results indicate that NOR, SHG and THG coefficients of SSQWs and GSQWs may be calibrated in a preferred energy range and the magnitude of the resonance peak(RP) by tuning the ILF parameter. It is feasible to classify blue or red shifts in RP locations of NOR, SHG and THG coefficients by varying the ILF parameter. Our results can be useful in investigating new ways of manipulating the opto-electronic properties of semiconductor QW devices.展开更多
This paper presents the plasma polymerization of poly（hexafluorobutyl acrylate）（PHFBA） thin films on different substrates in an RF plasma reactor with an outer planar electrode. This reactor configuration allows？...This paper presents the plasma polymerization of poly（hexafluorobutyl acrylate）（PHFBA） thin films on different substrates in an RF plasma reactor with an outer planar electrode. This reactor configuration allows？large area uniformity and fast processing times. Deposition rates of up to60 nm min-1were observed. The influence？of plasma power and substrate temperature on the？deposition rate, structure and wettability of the as-deposited films was？investigated. It was observed that better hydrophobicity was obtained at high plasma power and in low temperature conditions. PHFBA thin films deposited on electrospun poly（acrylonitrile） fiber mats under such conditions resulted in superhydrophobic surfaces with？contact angle values greater than 150°.In？vitro cell studies using human epithelial cells demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the？plasma-polymerized PHFBA films.展开更多
Mg2X(X=Si,Sn,and Ge)based systems have attracted widespread attention owing to their various benefits in thermoelectric applications.In particular,to date,ternary Mg2X based solid solutions have become one of the most...Mg2X(X=Si,Sn,and Ge)based systems have attracted widespread attention owing to their various benefits in thermoelectric applications.In particular,to date,ternary Mg2X based solid solutions have become one of the most widely investigated thermoelectric systems.However,the investigation of temperature varied thermoelectric properties of Mg2X based quaternary systems is rather limited both theoretically and experimentally.Therefore,here,we report a rigorous theoretical work of thermoelectric properties for n-type Mg2Si0.55-z;Sn0.4Ge0.05Biz quaternary solid solutions(z=0.02,0.025,0.03,and 0.035)from 300 K to 850 K.By using nearly-free-electron model together with Fermi-Dirac statistics we define Fermi level both in extrinsic and intrinsic regimes as a function o f temperature.We follow Hicks and Dresselhaus,approach to calculate electronic transport properties.By performing the Debye's isotropic continuum model a detailed theoretical investigation of lattice thermal conductivity is presented among with various phonon relaxation rates.From our theoretical analysis the highest ZT is attained for Mg2Si0.53Sn0.4Ge0.05Bi0.02 solid solution as 1.14 at 850 K.展开更多
In the “Laguna” region of Coahuila state, Mexico like other places in the world, the groundwater needs to be treated to meet the quality required for human consumption. The study had probed that a Mexican fly ash ca...In the “Laguna” region of Coahuila state, Mexico like other places in the world, the groundwater needs to be treated to meet the quality required for human consumption. The study had probed that a Mexican fly ash can be used as a raw material to obtain effective low cost adsorbents for drinking water treatment, as well evaluated the effects of pH, ion coexistence, dose, arsenic (As) concentration and temperature on the As(V) uptake by using P and W modified zeolites (PMOD and WMOD) obtained from a Mexican fly ash. The As(V) adsorption capacity of the WMOD zeolite was not affected by pH and As(V) concentrations in aqueous solution was achieved 0.01 mg/L in the studied pH range;however, the As(V) removal by using PMOD zeolite decreased at high pH values. Carbonate concentration had a negative effect on the As(V) uptake of both zeolites but this effect was higher for the PMOD zeolite. The maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) were 76.11 and 44.44 mg of As(V)/g of zeolite for the WMOD and the PMOD zeolites, respectively. The adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous and occurred by chemical exchange. The experimental data were best interpreted by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The WMOD zeolite showed a higher adsorption capacity and rate than the PMOD even at the highest evaluated As(V) concentration. The adsorption capacity of the regenerated WMOD zeolite was similar to the original zeolite. Because of the high As(V) adsorption capacity, chemical stability and regenerability, the WMOD zeolite is potentially useful as low-cost adsorbent for As(V) removal from aqueous effluents.展开更多
In this study, we aimed to use a novel approach to overcome the current limitations of ozone therapy in medicine through ozonized oil nanoemulsions (OZNEs). We evaluated dose-dependency on the cellular activities of B...In this study, we aimed to use a novel approach to overcome the current limitations of ozone therapy in medicine through ozonized oil nanoemulsions (OZNEs). We evaluated dose-dependency on the cellular activities of B-16 melanoma cell line which were incubated with various OZNE doses (v/v). Antitumor effects of OZNE against cancer cell lines were evaluated by cellular morphology, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. Flow cytometry results showed that OZNE induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and arrested cell cycle in G0-1 phase in B-16 melanoma cells. Thus, OZNE treatment could pose an effective way to act as a potential therapeutic for patients with tumors in the future.展开更多
A nanostructured gold-silver soaked in polyethylene glycol 400 (Au-Ag@PEG) is designed using gold(I) chloride and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as precursors and, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) as capping agent. The result of...A nanostructured gold-silver soaked in polyethylene glycol 400 (Au-Ag@PEG) is designed using gold(I) chloride and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as precursors and, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) as capping agent. The result of the structure characterization using Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) has showed that the synthesized nanomaterial has a good crystallinity while Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements suggest mixed Au-Ag nanoparticles with an average diameter size of around 7 nm and 30 nm for Au and Ag respectively.展开更多
We proposed new prediction models based on multilayer perceptron(MLP)which successfully predict the maximum run-up of landslide-generated tsunami waves and assess the role of parameters affecting it.The input is appro...We proposed new prediction models based on multilayer perceptron(MLP)which successfully predict the maximum run-up of landslide-generated tsunami waves and assess the role of parameters affecting it.The input is approximately 55,000 rows of data generated through an analytical solution employing slide’s cross section,initial submergence,vertical thickness,horizontal length,beach slope angle and the maximum run-up itself,along with its occurrence time.The parameters are first ranked through a feature selection algorithm and six models are constructed for a 9,000-row randomly sampled dataset.These MLP-based models led predictions with a minimum Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 1.1%and revealed that vertical slide thickness has the largest impact on the maximum tsunami run-up,whereas beach slope angle has minimal effect.Com parison with existing literature showed the reliability and applicability of the offered models.The methodology introduced here can be suggested as fast and flexible method for prediction of landslide-induced tsunami run-up.展开更多
Structurally ordered intermetallic electrocatalysts are attractive approaches to improve durability and electrocatalysis by altering their intrinsic properties in various energy-related applications based on electroch...Structurally ordered intermetallic electrocatalysts are attractive approaches to improve durability and electrocatalysis by altering their intrinsic properties in various energy-related applications based on electrochemistry.This review highlights recent progress in the structural design of platinumgroup-metal(PGM)and non-PGM metal electrocatalysts under acidic and alkaline conditions,targeting key reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction,hydrogen oxidation reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,and oxygen reduction reaction,particularly in applications involving polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and anion exchange membrane water electrolzyer.Moreover,this review highlights that the representatively selected studies are included in this review to provide an overview of fundamental reaction mechanisms and electrocatalytic properties.We believe that this comprehensive research review contributes to a better understanding and promotes the advancement of the highly active and durable intermetallic ordered electrocatalyst.展开更多
The interactions between bovine serum albumin(BSA) and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) ,and the conformational changes of BSA induced by this interaction,were investigated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy,fluorescence ...The interactions between bovine serum albumin(BSA) and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) ,and the conformational changes of BSA induced by this interaction,were investigated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared in combination with attenuated total reflection spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) .The critical adsorption density for preventing AuNP aggregation in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffered saline(pH 7.2) was 23 BSA molecules per gold particle or 3.8×1012 BSA molecules/cm2.BSA bound to the AuNPs with high affinity(binding constant Ks=7.59×108 L/mol) ,and the intrin-sic fluorescence of BSA was quenched by the AuNPs in accordance with the static quenching mechanism.Both fluorescence spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR showed that AuNPs induced conformational changes in BSA,which resulted in it becoming less compact and increased the polarity of the microenvironment around the tryptophan residue Trp-212.展开更多
Ocular drug delivery remains a significant challenge that is limited by poor corneal retention and permeation,resulting in low ocular bioavailability(<5%).Worse still,the most convenient and safe route of ocular dr...Ocular drug delivery remains a significant challenge that is limited by poor corneal retention and permeation,resulting in low ocular bioavailability(<5%).Worse still,the most convenient and safe route of ocular drug administration,topical administration results in a drug bioavailability of less than 1%.iRGD modified drug delivery strategies have been developed for cancer therapy,however active targeting iRGD platforms for ocular drug delivery have yet to be explored.Herein,an iRGD modified liposomes was developed for ocular drug delivery via topical administration.The results indicated that iRGD modified liposomes could prolong the corneal retention time and enhance corneal permeability in an iRGD receptor mediated manner.These findings provided a novel strategy for topical ocular drug delivery for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases.展开更多
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a significant probiotic where it could be found in ubiquitous niches.In this study,a new Lb.plantarum strain DY46 was isolated from a traditional lactic-acid-fermented beverage called ...Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a significant probiotic where it could be found in ubiquitous niches.In this study,a new Lb.plantarum strain DY46 was isolated from a traditional lactic-acid-fermented beverage called shalgam.The whole genome of the DY46 was sequenced and obtained sequences were assembled into a 3.32 Mb draft genome using PATRIC(3.6.8.).The DY46 genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 3,332,827 bp that is predicted to carry 3219 genes,including 61 tRNA genes,2 rRNA operons.The genome has a GC content of 44.3%includes 98 predicted pseudogenes,25 complete or partial transposases and 3 intact prophages.The genes encoding enzymes related in the intact EMP(Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas)and PK(phosphoketolase)pathways were predicted using BlastKOALA which is an indicator of having facultative heterofermentative pathways.DY46 genome also predicted to carry genes of Pln E,Pln F and Pln K showing the antimicrobial potential of this bacterium which can be linked to in vitro antagonism tests that DY46 can inhibit S.enterica sv.Typhimurium ATCC14028,K.pneumonie ATCC13883,and P.vulgaris ATCC8427.Moreover,it is determined that all resistome found in its genome were intrinsically originated and the strain was found to be tolerant to acid and bile concentrations by mimicking human gastrointestinal conditions.In conclusion,L.plantarum DY46 is a promising bacterium that appears to have certain probiotic properties,confirmed by“in vitro”and“in silico”analyses,and is a potential dietary supplement candidate that may provide functional benefits to the host.展开更多
Nanopharmacoeuticals based on nanomaterials and nanotechnology are medicinal products for drug delivery,nano drugs and nano therapies,in vivo imaging,in vitro diagnostics,biomaterials,and active implants.Nanoscience a...Nanopharmacoeuticals based on nanomaterials and nanotechnology are medicinal products for drug delivery,nano drugs and nano therapies,in vivo imaging,in vitro diagnostics,biomaterials,and active implants.Nanoscience and nanotechnology in China become ever more consequential in our lives;all members of the scientific community should better inform and educate the public about the great changes this new nano era is likely to bring.Here we review some main advances on the research and development of nanomaterials,nanotechnology and nanopharmaceuticals in China.For nanopharmaceuticals,we focus on the research and application of nanotechnology in anti-cancer drugs,and biological evaluation studies of nanomaterials.展开更多
基金supported by the Global Joint Research Program funded by the Pukyong National University(202411790001)the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)+2 种基金funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00446825)the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00418815)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)。
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries are promising alternatives to traditional lithium batteries because of the high abundance of Mg compounds in earth crust,their low toxicity,and possible favorable properties as electrodes'material.However,Mg metal anodes face several challenges,notably the natively existence of an inactive oxide layer on their surfaces,which reduces their effectiveness.Additionally,interactions of Mg electrodes with electrolyte solutions'components can lead to the formation of insulating surface layers,that can fully block them for ions transport.This review addresses these issues by focusing on surface treatments strategies to enhance electrochemical performance of Mg anodes.It highlights chemical and physical modification techniques to prevent oxidation and inactive-layers formation,as well as their practical implications for MIBs.We also examined the impact of Mg anodes'surface engineering on their electrochemical reversibility and cycling efficiency.Finally,future research directions to improve the performance and commercial viability of magnesium anodes and advance development of high-capacity,safe,and cost-effective energy storage systems based on magnesium electrochemistry are discussed.
基金the funding from Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat(LPPM)Universitas Indonesia,by Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia(RKI)-World Class University(WCU)Program with grant number NKB-1067/UN2-RST/HKP.05.00/2023 and NKB-781/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2024.
文摘Detection of target analytes at low concentrations is significant in various fields,including pharmaceuticals,healthcare,and environmental protection.Theophylline(TP),a natural alkaloid used as a bronchodilator to treat respiratory disorders such as asthma,bronchitis,and emphysema,has a narrow therapeutic window with a safe plasma concentration ranging from 55.5-111.0μmol·L^(-1)in adults.Accurate monitoring of TP levels is essential because too low or too high can cause se-rious side effects.In this regard,non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors offer a practical solution with rapidity,portability,and high sensitivity.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent developments of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors for TP detection,highlighting the basic principles,electro-oxidation mechanisms,catalytic effects,and the role of modifying materials on electrode performance.Carbon-based electrodes such as glassy carbon electrodes(GCEs),carbon paste electrodes(CPEs),and carbon screen-printed electrodes(SPCEs)have become the primary choices for non-enzymatic sensors due to their chemical stability,low cost,and flexibility in modification.This article identifies the sig-nificant contribution of various modifying materials,including nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),graphene,metal oxides,and multi-element nanocomposites.These modifications enhance sensors’electron transfer,sensitivity,and selectivity in detecting TP at low concentrations in complex media such as blood plasma and pharmaceutical samples.The electro-oxidation mechanism of TP is also discussed in depth,emphasizing the hydroxyl and carbonyl reaction pathways strongly influenced by pH and electrode materials.These mechanisms guide the selection of the appropriate electrode ma-terial for a particular application.The main contribution of this article is to identify superior modifying materials that can improve the performance of non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.In a recent study,the combination of multi-element nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),CNTs,and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)resulted in the lowest detection limit of 3×10^(-5)μmol·L^(-1),reflecting the great potential of these materials for developing high-performance electrochemical sensors.The main conclusion of this article is the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in electrode material design to support the sensitivity and selectivity of TP detection.In addition,there is still a research gap in understanding TP’s more detailed oxidation mechanism,especially under pH variations and complex environments.Therefore,further research on electrode modification and analysis of the TP oxidation mechanism are urgently needed to improve the accuracy and sta-bility of the sensor while expanding its applications in pharmaceutical monitoring and medical diagnostics.By integrating various innovative materials and technical approaches,this review is expected to be an essential reference for developing efficient and affordable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.
基金supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00446825)by the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00418815)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are a cutting-edge energy storage solution,with several advantages over the state-of-art lithiumion batteries(LIBs).The use of magnesium(Mg)metal as an anode material provides a much higher gravimetric capacity compared to graphite,which is currently used as the anode material in LIBs.Despite the significant advances in electrolyte,the development of cathode material is limited to materials that operate at low average discharge voltage(<1.0 V vs.Mg/Mg^(2+)),and developing high voltage cathodes remains challenging.Only a few materials have been shown to intercalate Mg^(2+)ions reversibly at high voltage.This review focuses on the structural aspects of cathode material that can operate at high voltage,including the Mg^(2+)intercalation mechanism in relation to its electrochemical properties.The materials are categorized into transition metal oxides and polyanions and subcategorized by the intrinsic Mg^(2+)diffusion path.This review also provides insights into the future development of each material,aiming to stimulate and guide researchers working in this field towards further advancements in high voltage cathodes.
基金supported by the Global Joint Research Program funded by the Pukyong National University(202411790001)。
文摘Aqueous batteries with metal anodes exhibit robust anodic capacities,but their energy densities are low because of the limited potential stabilities of aqueous electrolyte solutions.Current metal options,such as Zn and Al,pose a dilemma:Zn lacks a sufficiently low redox potential,whereas Al tends to be strongly oxidized in aqueous environments.Our investigation introduces a novel rechargeable aqueous battery system based on Mn as the anode.We examine the effects of anions,electrolyte concentration,and diverse cathode chemistries.Notably,the ClO_(4)-based electrolyte solution exhibits improved deposition and dissolution efficiencies.Although stainless steel(SS 316 L)and Ni are stable current collectors for cathodes,they display limitations as anodes.However,using Ti as the anode resulted in increased Mn deposition and dissolution efficiencies.Moreover,we evaluate this system using various cathode materials,including Mn-intercalation-based inorganic(Ag0.33V2O5)and organic(perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride)cathodes and an anionintercalation-chemistry(coronene)-based cathode.These configurations yield markedly higher output potentials compared to those of Zn metal batteries,highlighting the potential for an augmented energy density when using an Mn anode.This study outlines a systematic approach for use in optimizing metal anodes in Mn metal batteries,unlocking novel prospects for Mn-based batteries with diverse cathode chemistries.
基金supported by the Global Joint Research Program funded by the Pukyong National University(202411790001).
文摘Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)are promising candidates for lithium-ion batteries because of their abundance,non-toxicity,and favorable electrochemical properties.This review explores the reaction mechanisms and electrochemical characteristics of Mg-alloy anode materials.While Mg metal anodes provide high volumetric capacity and dendrite-free electrodeposition,their practical application is hindered by challenges such as sluggish Mg^(2+)ion diffusion and electrolyte compatibility.Alloy-type anodes that incorporate groups XIII,XIV,and XV elements have the potential to overcome these limitations.We review various Mg alloys,emphasizing their alloying/dealloying reaction mechanisms,their theoretical capacities,and the practical aspects of MIBs.Furthermore,we discuss the influence of the electrolyte composition on the reversibility and efficiency of these alloy anodes.Emphasis is placed on overcoming current limitations through innovative materials and structural engineering.This review concludes with perspectives on future research directions aimed at enhancing the performance and commercial viability of Mg alloy anodes and contributing to the development of high-capacity,safe,and cost-effective energy storage systems.
基金support from the Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember under the project scheme of BRIN awards number:6/IV/KS/05/2023.
文摘Leukemia is one of the ten types of cancer that causes the biggest death in the world.Compared to other types of cancer,leukemia has a low life expectancy,so an early diagnosis of the cancer is necessary.A new strategy has been developed to identify various leukemia biomarkers by making blood cancer biosensors,especially by developing nanomaterial applications so that they can improve the performance of the biosensor.Although many biosensors have been developed,the detection of leukemia by using nanomaterials with electrochemical and optical methods is still less carried out compare to other types of cancer biosensors.Even the acoustic and calorimetric testing methods for the detection of leukemia by utilizing nanomaterials have not yet been carried out.Most of the reviewed works reported the use of gold nanoparticles and electrochemical characterization methods for leukemia detection with the object of study being conventional cancer cells.In order to be used clinically by the community,future research must be carried out with a lot of patient blood objects,develop non-invasive leukemia detection,and be able to detect all types of blood cancer specifically with one biosensor.This can lead to a fast and accurate diagnosis thus allowing for early treatment and easy periodic condition monitoring for various types of leukemia based on its biomarker and future design controlable via internet of things(IoT)so that why would be monitoring real times.
文摘The dissolution of nickel and cobalt from Caldag lateritic nickel ore using the combination of sulphuric and ascorbic acids was investigated. The use of other organic acids, namely citric, maleic and stearic acids, as synergistic reagents was studied for comparison. The results revealed that the use of ascorbic and citric acids markedly improved the dissolution of cobalt compared to the other two organic acids that only showed slight synergistic effect on the leaching rate. In terms of nickel dissolution, ascorbic acid is the most effective synergist, followed by citric, maleic and stearic acids in descending order. Under the most optimized conditions found in this study, i.e., using 1 mol/L of sulphuric acid with the presence of 4 g/L of ascorbic acid at 80 ℃and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/10, more than 99% and 98% leaching rates of cobalt and nickel, respectively, can be achieved within 4 h of leaching. In addition, the leaching performance is relatively insensitive to the change of ascorbic acid concentration from 2 to 4 g/L which is highly desirable from operational perspective.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TUBITAK)(No:111T764)
文摘In this study,novel rhenium–boron neutronshielding high-temperature-resistant materials were designed.The considered samples,Re60–B40,Re58–B42,Re50–B50,and Re40–B60,with different concentrations of rhenium and boron were investigated to elucidate their neutron-shielding performances,and compare them with well-known neutron-shielding materials such as the 316 LN quality nuclear steel.In addition to the experimental studies,Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the FLUKA and GEANT4 codes,where 4.5-MeV neutrons emitted by a ^(241)Am–Be source were employed.Experimental equivalent dose rates,simulated track lengths,energy balances,and neutron mass absorption cross sections were discussed in detail.
文摘For square-step quantum wells(SSQWs) and graded-step quantum wells(GSQWs), the nonlinear optical rectification(NOR), second harmonic generation(SHG) and third harmonic generation(THG) coefficients under an intense laser field(ILF) are analyzed. The found results indicate that ILF can ensure a vital influence on the shape and height of the confined potential profile of both SSQWs and GSQWs, and alterations of the dipole moment matrix elements and the energy levels are adhered on the profile of the confined potential. According to the results, the potential profile and height of the GSQWs are affected more significantly by ILF intensity compared to SSQWs. These results indicate that NOR, SHG and THG coefficients of SSQWs and GSQWs may be calibrated in a preferred energy range and the magnitude of the resonance peak(RP) by tuning the ILF parameter. It is feasible to classify blue or red shifts in RP locations of NOR, SHG and THG coefficients by varying the ILF parameter. Our results can be useful in investigating new ways of manipulating the opto-electronic properties of semiconductor QW devices.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TüBITAK)with grant number 213M399supported by TüBITAK-BIDEB
文摘This paper presents the plasma polymerization of poly（hexafluorobutyl acrylate）（PHFBA） thin films on different substrates in an RF plasma reactor with an outer planar electrode. This reactor configuration allows？large area uniformity and fast processing times. Deposition rates of up to60 nm min-1were observed. The influence？of plasma power and substrate temperature on the？deposition rate, structure and wettability of the as-deposited films was？investigated. It was observed that better hydrophobicity was obtained at high plasma power and in low temperature conditions. PHFBA thin films deposited on electrospun poly（acrylonitrile） fiber mats under such conditions resulted in superhydrophobic surfaces with？contact angle values greater than 150°.In？vitro cell studies using human epithelial cells demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the？plasma-polymerized PHFBA films.
基金Ovgü Ceyda Yelgel wishes to acknowledge financial support from TUBITAK(Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey)(Project number:115F387).
文摘Mg2X(X=Si,Sn,and Ge)based systems have attracted widespread attention owing to their various benefits in thermoelectric applications.In particular,to date,ternary Mg2X based solid solutions have become one of the most widely investigated thermoelectric systems.However,the investigation of temperature varied thermoelectric properties of Mg2X based quaternary systems is rather limited both theoretically and experimentally.Therefore,here,we report a rigorous theoretical work of thermoelectric properties for n-type Mg2Si0.55-z;Sn0.4Ge0.05Biz quaternary solid solutions(z=0.02,0.025,0.03,and 0.035)from 300 K to 850 K.By using nearly-free-electron model together with Fermi-Dirac statistics we define Fermi level both in extrinsic and intrinsic regimes as a function o f temperature.We follow Hicks and Dresselhaus,approach to calculate electronic transport properties.By performing the Debye's isotropic continuum model a detailed theoretical investigation of lattice thermal conductivity is presented among with various phonon relaxation rates.From our theoretical analysis the highest ZT is attained for Mg2Si0.53Sn0.4Ge0.05Bi0.02 solid solution as 1.14 at 850 K.
文摘In the “Laguna” region of Coahuila state, Mexico like other places in the world, the groundwater needs to be treated to meet the quality required for human consumption. The study had probed that a Mexican fly ash can be used as a raw material to obtain effective low cost adsorbents for drinking water treatment, as well evaluated the effects of pH, ion coexistence, dose, arsenic (As) concentration and temperature on the As(V) uptake by using P and W modified zeolites (PMOD and WMOD) obtained from a Mexican fly ash. The As(V) adsorption capacity of the WMOD zeolite was not affected by pH and As(V) concentrations in aqueous solution was achieved 0.01 mg/L in the studied pH range;however, the As(V) removal by using PMOD zeolite decreased at high pH values. Carbonate concentration had a negative effect on the As(V) uptake of both zeolites but this effect was higher for the PMOD zeolite. The maximum adsorption capacities (Qmax) were 76.11 and 44.44 mg of As(V)/g of zeolite for the WMOD and the PMOD zeolites, respectively. The adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous and occurred by chemical exchange. The experimental data were best interpreted by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The WMOD zeolite showed a higher adsorption capacity and rate than the PMOD even at the highest evaluated As(V) concentration. The adsorption capacity of the regenerated WMOD zeolite was similar to the original zeolite. Because of the high As(V) adsorption capacity, chemical stability and regenerability, the WMOD zeolite is potentially useful as low-cost adsorbent for As(V) removal from aqueous effluents.
文摘In this study, we aimed to use a novel approach to overcome the current limitations of ozone therapy in medicine through ozonized oil nanoemulsions (OZNEs). We evaluated dose-dependency on the cellular activities of B-16 melanoma cell line which were incubated with various OZNE doses (v/v). Antitumor effects of OZNE against cancer cell lines were evaluated by cellular morphology, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. Flow cytometry results showed that OZNE induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and arrested cell cycle in G0-1 phase in B-16 melanoma cells. Thus, OZNE treatment could pose an effective way to act as a potential therapeutic for patients with tumors in the future.
文摘A nanostructured gold-silver soaked in polyethylene glycol 400 (Au-Ag@PEG) is designed using gold(I) chloride and silver nitrate (AgNO3) as precursors and, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) as capping agent. The result of the structure characterization using Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) has showed that the synthesized nanomaterial has a good crystallinity while Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements suggest mixed Au-Ag nanoparticles with an average diameter size of around 7 nm and 30 nm for Au and Ag respectively.
文摘We proposed new prediction models based on multilayer perceptron(MLP)which successfully predict the maximum run-up of landslide-generated tsunami waves and assess the role of parameters affecting it.The input is approximately 55,000 rows of data generated through an analytical solution employing slide’s cross section,initial submergence,vertical thickness,horizontal length,beach slope angle and the maximum run-up itself,along with its occurrence time.The parameters are first ranked through a feature selection algorithm and six models are constructed for a 9,000-row randomly sampled dataset.These MLP-based models led predictions with a minimum Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 1.1%and revealed that vertical slide thickness has the largest impact on the maximum tsunami run-up,whereas beach slope angle has minimal effect.Com parison with existing literature showed the reliability and applicability of the offered models.The methodology introduced here can be suggested as fast and flexible method for prediction of landslide-induced tsunami run-up.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Program of the Korean Institute of Materials Science(grant no.PNK7550)was also supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(grant no.RS-2024-00409675)in the Republic of Koreathis work was supported by the NRF grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(grant no.RS-2024-00467234).
文摘Structurally ordered intermetallic electrocatalysts are attractive approaches to improve durability and electrocatalysis by altering their intrinsic properties in various energy-related applications based on electrochemistry.This review highlights recent progress in the structural design of platinumgroup-metal(PGM)and non-PGM metal electrocatalysts under acidic and alkaline conditions,targeting key reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction,hydrogen oxidation reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,and oxygen reduction reaction,particularly in applications involving polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and anion exchange membrane water electrolzyer.Moreover,this review highlights that the representatively selected studies are included in this review to provide an overview of fundamental reaction mechanisms and electrocatalytic properties.We believe that this comprehensive research review contributes to a better understanding and promotes the advancement of the highly active and durable intermetallic ordered electrocatalyst.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20974086)
文摘The interactions between bovine serum albumin(BSA) and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) ,and the conformational changes of BSA induced by this interaction,were investigated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared in combination with attenuated total reflection spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) .The critical adsorption density for preventing AuNP aggregation in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffered saline(pH 7.2) was 23 BSA molecules per gold particle or 3.8×1012 BSA molecules/cm2.BSA bound to the AuNPs with high affinity(binding constant Ks=7.59×108 L/mol) ,and the intrin-sic fluorescence of BSA was quenched by the AuNPs in accordance with the static quenching mechanism.Both fluorescence spectroscopy and ATR-FTIR showed that AuNPs induced conformational changes in BSA,which resulted in it becoming less compact and increased the polarity of the microenvironment around the tryptophan residue Trp-212.
基金supported by the National Key S&T Special Projects(No.2018ZX09201018-024)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Plan(2019YFH0115).
文摘Ocular drug delivery remains a significant challenge that is limited by poor corneal retention and permeation,resulting in low ocular bioavailability(<5%).Worse still,the most convenient and safe route of ocular drug administration,topical administration results in a drug bioavailability of less than 1%.iRGD modified drug delivery strategies have been developed for cancer therapy,however active targeting iRGD platforms for ocular drug delivery have yet to be explored.Herein,an iRGD modified liposomes was developed for ocular drug delivery via topical administration.The results indicated that iRGD modified liposomes could prolong the corneal retention time and enhance corneal permeability in an iRGD receptor mediated manner.These findings provided a novel strategy for topical ocular drug delivery for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases.
基金This study has been financially supported by Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under grant number FKB-2020-10551.
文摘Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a significant probiotic where it could be found in ubiquitous niches.In this study,a new Lb.plantarum strain DY46 was isolated from a traditional lactic-acid-fermented beverage called shalgam.The whole genome of the DY46 was sequenced and obtained sequences were assembled into a 3.32 Mb draft genome using PATRIC(3.6.8.).The DY46 genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 3,332,827 bp that is predicted to carry 3219 genes,including 61 tRNA genes,2 rRNA operons.The genome has a GC content of 44.3%includes 98 predicted pseudogenes,25 complete or partial transposases and 3 intact prophages.The genes encoding enzymes related in the intact EMP(Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas)and PK(phosphoketolase)pathways were predicted using BlastKOALA which is an indicator of having facultative heterofermentative pathways.DY46 genome also predicted to carry genes of Pln E,Pln F and Pln K showing the antimicrobial potential of this bacterium which can be linked to in vitro antagonism tests that DY46 can inhibit S.enterica sv.Typhimurium ATCC14028,K.pneumonie ATCC13883,and P.vulgaris ATCC8427.Moreover,it is determined that all resistome found in its genome were intrinsically originated and the strain was found to be tolerant to acid and bile concentrations by mimicking human gastrointestinal conditions.In conclusion,L.plantarum DY46 is a promising bacterium that appears to have certain probiotic properties,confirmed by“in vitro”and“in silico”analyses,and is a potential dietary supplement candidate that may provide functional benefits to the host.
文摘Nanopharmacoeuticals based on nanomaterials and nanotechnology are medicinal products for drug delivery,nano drugs and nano therapies,in vivo imaging,in vitro diagnostics,biomaterials,and active implants.Nanoscience and nanotechnology in China become ever more consequential in our lives;all members of the scientific community should better inform and educate the public about the great changes this new nano era is likely to bring.Here we review some main advances on the research and development of nanomaterials,nanotechnology and nanopharmaceuticals in China.For nanopharmaceuticals,we focus on the research and application of nanotechnology in anti-cancer drugs,and biological evaluation studies of nanomaterials.
