This study explores how the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators can be enhanced by incorporating Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles into nylon films using a spray coating technique.Five triboelectric nanogenerator prot...This study explores how the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators can be enhanced by incorporating Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles into nylon films using a spray coating technique.Five triboelectric nanogenerator prototypes were created:one with regular nylon and four with nylon/Fe_(3)O_(4) nanocomposites featuring varying nanoparticle densities.The electrical output,measured by open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current,showed significant improvements in the nanocomposite-based triboelectric nanogenerators compared to the nylon-only triboelectric nanogenerator.When a weak magnetic field was applied during nanocomposite preparation,the maximum voltage and current reached 56.3 V and 4.62μA,respectively.Further analysis revealed that the magnetic field during the drying process aligned the magnetic domains,boosting output efficiency.These findings demonstrate the potential of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles to enhance electrostatic and magnetic interactions in triboelectric nanogenerators,leading to improved energy-harvesting performance.This approach presents a promising strategy for developing high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable energy and sensor applications.展开更多
Text mining has emerged as a powerful strategy for extracting domain knowledge structure from large amounts of text data.To date,most text mining methods are restricted to specific literature information,resulting in ...Text mining has emerged as a powerful strategy for extracting domain knowledge structure from large amounts of text data.To date,most text mining methods are restricted to specific literature information,resulting in incomplete knowledge graphs.Here,we report a method that combines citation analysis with topic modeling to describe the hidden development patterns in the history of science.Leveraging this method,we construct a knowledge graph in the field of Raman spectroscopy.The traditional Latent DirichletAllocation model is chosen as the baseline model for comparison to validate the performance of our model.Our method improves the topic coherence with a minimum growth rate of 100%compared to the traditional text mining method.It outperforms the traditional text mining method on the diversity,and its growth rate ranges from 0 to 126%.The results show the effectiveness of rule-based tokenizer we designed in solving the word tokenizer problem caused by entity naming rules in the field of chemistry.It is versatile in revealing the distribution of topics,establishing the similarity and inheritance relationships,and identifying the important moments in the history of Raman spectroscopy.Our work provides a comprehensive tool for the science of science research and promises to offer new insights into the historical survey and development forecast of a research field.展开更多
The bidirectional convergence of artificial intelligence and nanophotonics drives photonic technologies toward unprecedented levels of intelligence and efficiency,fundamentally reshaping their design paradigms and app...The bidirectional convergence of artificial intelligence and nanophotonics drives photonic technologies toward unprecedented levels of intelligence and efficiency,fundamentally reshaping their design paradigms and application boundaries.With its powerful data-driven and nonlinear optimization capabilities,artificial intelligence has become a powerful tool for optical design,enabling the inverse design of nanophotonics devices while accelerating the forward computation of electromagnetic responses.Conversely,nanophotonics provides a wave-based computational platform,giving rise to novel optical neural networks that achieve high-speed parallel computing and efficient information processing.This paper reviews the latest progress in the bidirectional field of artificial intelligence and nanophotonics,analyzes the basic principles of various applications from a universal perspective,comprehensively evaluates the advantages and limitations of different research methods,and makes a forwardlooking outlook on the bidirectional integration of artificial intelligence and nanophotonics,focusing on analyzing future development trends,potential applications,and challenges.The deep integration of artificial intelligence and nanophotonics is ushering in a new era for photonic technologies,offering unparalleled opportunities for fundamental research and industrial applications.展开更多
The continuous increase in petroleum-based plastic food packaging has led to numerous environmental concerns.One effort to reduce the use of plastic packaging in food is through preservation using biopolymer-based pac...The continuous increase in petroleum-based plastic food packaging has led to numerous environmental concerns.One effort to reduce the use of plastic packaging in food is through preservation using biopolymer-based packaging.Among the many types of biopolymers,chitosan is widely used and researched due to its non-toxic,antimicrobial,and antifungal properties.Chitosan is widely available since it is a compound extracted from seafood waste,especially shrimps and crabs.The biodegradability and biocompatibility of chitosan also showed good potential for various applications.These characteristics and propertiesmake chitosan an attractive biopolymer to be implemented as food packaging in films and coatings.Chitosan has been tested in maintaining and increasing the shelf life of food,especially seafood such as fish and shrimp,and post-harvest products such as fruits and vegetables.In addition to its various advantages,the properties and characteristics of chitosan need to be improved to produce optimal preservation.The properties and characteristics of chitosan are improved by adding various types of additive materials such as biopolymers,plant extracts,essential oils,and metal nanoparticles.Research shows that material additives and nanotechnology can improve the quality of chitosan-based food packaging for various types of food by enhancing mechanical properties,thermal stability,antimicrobial activity,and antioxidant activity.This review provides a perspective on the recent development and properties enhancement of chitosan composite with additives and nanotechnology,as well as this material’s challenges and prospects as food packaging.展开更多
The design of cost-effective and efficient metal-free carbon-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for increasing the production of clean hydrogen by the electrolysis of alka...The design of cost-effective and efficient metal-free carbon-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for increasing the production of clean hydrogen by the electrolysis of alkaline water.Precise control of the electronic structure by heteroatom doping has proven to be efficient for increasing catalytic activity.Nevertheless,both the structural characteristics and the underlying mechanism are not well understood,especially for doping with two different atoms,thus limiting the use of these catalysts.We report the production of phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nanospheres(HCNs)by the copolymerization of pyrrole and aniline at a Triton X-100 micelle-interface,followed by doping with phytic acid and carbonization.The unique pore structure and defect-rich framework of the HCNs expose numerous active sites.Crucially,the combined effect of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds modulate the local electronic structure of adjacent C atoms and facilitates electron transfer.As a res-ult,the HCN carbonized at 1100°C exhibited superior HER activity and an outstanding stability(70 h at a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2))in alkaline water,because of the large number of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds.展开更多
Nanoelectronic devices are being extensively developed in these years with a large variety of potential applications. In this article, some recent developments in nanoelectronic devices, including their principles, st...Nanoelectronic devices are being extensively developed in these years with a large variety of potential applications. In this article, some recent developments in nanoelectronic devices, including their principles, structures and potential applications are reviewed. As nanodevices work in nanometer dimensions, they consume much less power and function much faster than conventional microelectronic devices. Nanoelectronic devices can operate in different principles so that they can be further grouped into field emission devices,molecular devices, quantum devices, etc. Nanodevices can function as sensors, diodes, transistors, photovoltaic and light emitting devices, etc. Recent advances in both theoretical simulation and fabrication technologies expedite the development process from device design to prototype demonstration. Practical applications with a great market value from nanoelectronic devices are expected in near future.展开更多
This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a high crus...This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a high crustal abundance, low environmental impact, low cost, high gravimetric(2600 W h kg-1) and volumetric(2800 W h L-1) energy densities, assuming complete conversion of sulfur to lithium sulfide(Li2S)upon lithiation. However, lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet reach commercialization due to demerits involving the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li2Sn, n=3–8), low electrical conductivity, and low loading density of sulfur. These issues arise mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the inherent insulating nature of sulfur. To overcome these issues, strategies have been pursued using nanotechnology applied to porous carbon nanocomposites, hollow one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene nanocomposites, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructured matrices. This paper aims to review various solutions pertaining to the role of nanotechnology in synthesizing nanoscale and nanostructured materials for advanced and high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we highlight perspective research directions for commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries as a major power source for electric vehicles and large-scale electric energy storage.展开更多
High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental sta...High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy consumption.However,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron scale.Here,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand exchange.This strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line width<4μm,the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(<1 s at 0 V),high coloration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,etc.The success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(R&D)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.展开更多
The stable nanobubbles adhered to mineral surfaces may facilitate their efficient separation via flotation in the mining industry.However,the state of nanobubbles on mineral solid surfaces is still elusive.In this stu...The stable nanobubbles adhered to mineral surfaces may facilitate their efficient separation via flotation in the mining industry.However,the state of nanobubbles on mineral solid surfaces is still elusive.In this study,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations are employed to examine mineral-like model surfaces with varying degrees of hydrophobicity,modulated by surface charges,to elucidate the adsorption behavior of nanobubbles at the interface.Our findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of nanobubbles but also have potential applications in the mining industry.We observed that as the surface charge increases,the contact angle of the nanobubbles increases accordingly with shape transformation from a pancake-like gas film to a cap-like shape,and ultimately forming a stable nanobubble upon an ordered water monolayer.When the solid–water interactions are weak with a small partial charge,the hydrophobic gas(N_(2))molecules accumulate near the solid surfaces.However,we have found,for the first time,that gas molecules assemble a nanobubble on the water monolayer adjacent to the solid surfaces with large partial charges.Such phenomena are attributed to the formation of a hydrophobic water monolayer with a hydrogen bond network structure near the surface.展开更多
Graphene oxide(GO)is a two-dimensional carbon material with a graphene-like structure and many oxygen-containing functional groups,and in recent years from research into the unique optical properties of GO,GO-based co...Graphene oxide(GO)is a two-dimensional carbon material with a graphene-like structure and many oxygen-containing functional groups,and in recent years from research into the unique optical properties of GO,GO-based composite materials formed by combining with other materials have shown improved overall performance.Reported here is an investigation of how doping with Ni,Fe,and Ag nanoparticles affects the linear and nonlinear optical properties of GO films.The morphology and structure of films of GO,GO with Ni nanoparticles,GO with Fe nanoparticles,and GO with Ag nanoparticles were studied by laser scanning confocal microscopy,SEM,energy dispersive spectroscopy,XRD,and Raman spectroscopy.UV-visible absorption spectra were used to study the optical absorption properties,and the optical band gaps of GO and the composites were calculated from those spectra via Tauc plots.The results show that the band gaps of GO films can be effectively regulated by metal nanoparticles,and so the properties of GO composites can be manipulated.The nonlinear optical properties of GO and GO-metal-nanoparticle composite films were studied by femtosecond laser Z-scanning.The results show that the femtosecond laser power can be tuned to the optical limiting behavior of GO.The strong synergistic coupling effect between metal nanoparticles and GO enhances the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction of composite thin films.The nonlinear absorption coefficient of the composite thin films is improved significantly,and the optical limiting properties are excellent.GO-metal-nanoparticle composite materials have potential applications and advantages in improving optical absorption,band-gap control,and optical limiting.They can promote the expansion of GO composite materials in various practical applications and are candidates for good optical materials,opening the way to GO photonics.展开更多
With the increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)applications,the demand for high-capacity next-generation materials has also increased.SiO_(x)is currently considered a promising anode material due to its ...With the increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)applications,the demand for high-capacity next-generation materials has also increased.SiO_(x)is currently considered a promising anode material due to its exceptionally high capacity for LIBs.However,the significant volumetric changes of SiO_(x)during cycling and its initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)complicate its use,whether alone or in combination with graphite materials.In this study,a three-dimensional conductive binder network with high electronic conductivity and robust elasticity for graphite/SiO_(x)blended anodes was proposed by chemically anchoring carbon nanotubes and carboxymethyl cellulose binders using tannic acid as a chemical cross-linker.In addition,a dehydrogenation-based prelithiation strategy employing lithium hydride was utilized to enhance the ICE of SiO_(x).The combination of these two strategies increased the CE of SiO_(x)from 74%to87%and effectively mitigated its volume expansion in the graphite/SiO_(x)blended electrode,resulting in an efficient electron-conductive binder network.This led to a remarkable capacity retention of 94%after30 cycles,even under challenging conditions,with a high capacity of 550 mA h g^(-1)and a current density of 4 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,to validate the feasibility of utilizing prelithiated SiO_(x)anode materials and the conductive binder network in LIBs,a full cell incorporating these materials and a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode was used.This cell demonstrated a~27.3%increase in discharge capacity of the first cycle(~185.7 mA h g^(-1))and exhibited a cycling stability of 300 cycles.Thus,this study reports a simple,feasible,and insightful method for designing high-performance LIB electrodes.展开更多
Solar-driven water splitting has emerged as a promising route for sustainable hydrogen generation,however,developing broad-spectrum responsive photocatalysts remains a challenge for achieving efficient solar-to-hydrog...Solar-driven water splitting has emerged as a promising route for sustainable hydrogen generation,however,developing broad-spectrum responsive photocatalysts remains a challenge for achieving efficient solar-to-hydrogen conversion.Here,we demonstrate a g-C_(3)N_(4)-based(UCN)catalyst with dispersed Ag single atoms(Ag SAs)and Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs)for synergistically broad-spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.Experimental and theoretical results reveal that both Ag SAs and Ag NPs serve as active sites,with the Schottky junction between Ag NPs and g-C_(3)N_(4)effectively promoting charge separation,while Ag NPs induce localized surface plasmon resonance,extending the light response range from visible to near-infrared regions.The optimized catalyst Ag-UCN-3 exhibits a hydrogen evolution rate as high as 22.11 mmol/g/h and an apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 10.16%under 420 nm light illumination.Notably,it still had a high hydrogen evolution rate of 633.57μmol/g/h under 700 nm irradiation.This work unveils dual active sites engineering strategy that couples Ag SAs and Ag NPs with plasma and hot electrons,offering a new strategy for designing high-performance solar-driven energy systems.展开更多
Nonlinear frequency conversion is one of the most fundamental processes in nonlinear optics.It has a wide range of applications in our daily lives,including novel light sources,sensing,and information processing.It is...Nonlinear frequency conversion is one of the most fundamental processes in nonlinear optics.It has a wide range of applications in our daily lives,including novel light sources,sensing,and information processing.It is usually assumed that nonlinear frequency conversion requires large crystals that gradually accumulate a strong effect.However,the large size of nonlinear crystals is not compatible with the miniaturisation of modern photonic and optoelectronic systems.Therefore,shrinking the nonlinear structures down to the nanoscale,while keeping favourable conversion efficiencies,is of great importance for future photonics applications.In the last decade,researchers have studied the strategies for enhancing the nonlinear efficiencies at the nanoscale,e.g.by employing different nonlinear materials,resonant couplings and hybridization techniques.In this paper,we provide a compact review of the nanomaterials-based efforts,ranging from metal to dielectric and semiconductor nanostructures,including their relevant nanofabrication techniques.展开更多
Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-based hydrogels are widely used in the fields of tissue engineering,biomedicine,and flexible sensors due to their low cost,excellent biocompatibility,and simple gelation methods.Re-peated freeze...Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-based hydrogels are widely used in the fields of tissue engineering,biomedicine,and flexible sensors due to their low cost,excellent biocompatibility,and simple gelation methods.Re-peated freeze-thaw cycles are essential for the preparation of such hydrogels.Although this process can enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogels to a certain extent,it can also result in opacity and limited tensile performance,significantly restricting their application in wearable devices and electronic skin.This study introduced cellulose nanofibers into polyacrylamide(PAM)/PVA double interpenetrat-ing network hydrogel system,achieving the preparation of a multifunctional composite hydrogel with a“triple-network interlock”structure.Under the synergistic effects of multiple networks,multiple hy-drogen bonds,and nano-reinforcement,this composite hydrogel requires only a single freeze-thaw cycle to achieve a tensile strength exceeding 1 MPa,which is significantly higher than that of PVA hydro-gels subjected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles.The PVA-based hydrogel prepared in this work balances tensile strength(1.41 MPa),elongation(1332%),transparency(89.8%),and toughness(6.73 MJ m-3).Ad-ditionally,this composite hydrogel exhibits high sensitivity(GF=8.74),rapid response(108 ms),fatigue resistance,and antibacterial properties,making it a reliable strain sensor over a wide strain range.When encapsulated on human joints,it can monitor body movements in real-time,such as movements of fin-gers,wrists,elbows,and knees,and can be integrated into peripheral circuits to achieve precise real-time control of robotic hands.This work presents a multifunctional composite hydrogel with great potential as a candidate material for tissue engineering,human-machine interaction,and high-performance wearable sensors.展开更多
The effects of gradient nanostructures induced by supersonic fine particle bombardment(SFPB)on the surface integrity,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of a Ni-W-Co-Ta medium-heavy alloy(MHA)were syst...The effects of gradient nanostructures induced by supersonic fine particle bombardment(SFPB)on the surface integrity,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of a Ni-W-Co-Ta medium-heavy alloy(MHA)were systematically investigated.The results show that gradient nanostructures are formed on the surface of Ni-W-Co-Ta MHA after SFPB treatment.At a gas pressure of 1.0 MPa and an impact time of 60 s,the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy reached the maximum values of 1236 MPa and 758 MPa,respectively,which are 22.5%and 38.8%higher than those of the solid solution treated alloy,and the elongation(46.3%)is close to that of the solid solution treated alloy,achieving the optimal strength–ductility synergy.However,microcracks appear on the surface with excessive gas pressure and impact time,generating the relaxed residual stress and decreased strength.With the increase of the impact time and gas pressure,the depth of the deformation layer and the surface microhardness gradually increase,reaching the maximum values(29μm and HV 451)at 1.0 MPa and 120 s.The surface grain size is refined to a minimum of 11.67 nm.Notably,SFPB treatment has no obvious effect on elongation,and the fracture mode changes from the ductile fracture before treatment to ductile–brittle mixed fracture after treatment.展开更多
In this work,we realized a room-temperature nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))gas sensor based on a platinum(Pt)-loaded nanoporous gallium nitride(NP-GaN)sensing material using the thermal reduction method and coreduction with ...In this work,we realized a room-temperature nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))gas sensor based on a platinum(Pt)-loaded nanoporous gallium nitride(NP-GaN)sensing material using the thermal reduction method and coreduction with the catalysis of polyols.The gas sensor gained excellent sensitivity to NO_(2) at a concentration range of 200 ppm to 100 ppb,benefiting from the loading of Pt nanoparticles,and exhibited a short response time(22 s)and recovery time(170 s)to 100 ppm of NO_(2) at room temperature with excellent selectivity to NO_(2) compared with other gases.This phenomenon was attributed to the spillover effect and the synergic electronic interaction with semiconductor materials of Pt,which not only provided more electrons for the adsorption of NO_(2) molecules but also occupied effective sites,causing poor sites for other gases.The low detection limit of Pt/NP-GaN was 100 ppb,and the gas sensor still had a fast response 70 d after fabrication.Besides,the gas-sensing mechanism of the gas sensor was further elaborated to determine the reason leading to its improved properties.The significant spillover impact and oxygen dissociation of Pt provided advantages to its synergic electronic interaction with semiconductor materials,leading to the improvement of the gas properties of gas sensors.展开更多
Metallic nanowires have served as novel materials for soft electronics due to their outstanding mechanical compliance and electrical properties.However,weak adhesion and low mechanical robustness of nanowire networks ...Metallic nanowires have served as novel materials for soft electronics due to their outstanding mechanical compliance and electrical properties.However,weak adhesion and low mechanical robustness of nanowire networks to substrates significantly undermine their reliability,necessitating the use of an insulating protective layer,which greatly limits their utility.Herein,we present a versatile and generalized laser-based process that simultaneously achieves strong adhesion and mechanical robustness of nanowire networks on diverse substrates without the need for a protective layer.In this method,the laser-induced photothermal energy at the interface between the nanowire network and the substrate facilitates the interpenetration of the nanowire network and the polymer matrix,resulting in mechanical interlocking through percolation.This mechanism is broadly applicable across different metallic nanowires and thermoplastic substrates,significantly enhancing its universality in diverse applications.Thereby,we demonstrated the mechanical robustness of nanowires in reusable wearable physiological sensors on the skin without compromising the performance of the sensor.Furthermore,enhanced robustness and electrical conductivity by the laser-induced interlocking enables a stable functionalization of conducting polymers in a wet environment,broadening its application into various electrochemical devices.展开更多
Nanocrystalline(NC)metals and alloys are prone to mechanical and thermal instability under force and thermal fields due to their high Gibbs free energy,which limits their industrial applications.In this work,by employ...Nanocrystalline(NC)metals and alloys are prone to mechanical and thermal instability under force and thermal fields due to their high Gibbs free energy,which limits their industrial applications.In this work,by employing rotary swaging(RS),bulk NC Cu–15 at.%Al alloys with both high strength and high thermal stability were prepared.Quasi-static tensile test results show that the yield strength is 1016 MPa.Moreover,the grain growth temperature was retarded up to 0.4 Tm,higher than the literature values.Microstructural characterizations revealed that after RS deformation,coarse-grained Cu–Al was refined into fibrous NC grains with a diameter of 45 nm and a length of 190 nm,and the contents of high-angle grain boundaries(GBs),low-angle GBs,and twin boundaries are 17%,45%,and 38%,respectively.Moreover,there is a significant multiscale chemical fluctuation within the grains,at the GBs,and between the grains through extreme defect accumulation.The atomistic simulation suggests that the segregation behavior of Al solute is essentially driven by the atomic size and local stress state.Besides,Al segregation greatly reduces the grain boundary energy,which further improves the thermal stability of the material.The main strengthening mechanism is Hall–Petch strengthening and the strengthening brought by the chemical fluctuations.Our work provides ideas for designing strong and thermally stable bulk NC alloys.展开更多
Wearable bioelectronic devices are rapidly evolving towards miniaturization and multifunctionality,with remarkable features such as flexibility and comfort.However,achieving a sustainable power supply for wearable bio...Wearable bioelectronic devices are rapidly evolving towards miniaturization and multifunctionality,with remarkable features such as flexibility and comfort.However,achieving a sustainable power supply for wearable bioelectronic devices is still a great challenge.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)provide an efficient solution by converting irregular,low-frequency bioenergy from the human body into electrical energy.Beyond sustainably powering wearable bioelectronics,the harvested electrical energy also carries rich information for human body sensing.In this conversion process,the choice of material plays a crucial role in affecting the output performance of the TENGs.Among various materials,silicone rubber(SR)stands out due to its exceptional plasticity,flexibility,comfortability and other favorable properties.Moreover,with appropriate treatment,SR can achieve extreme functionalities such as high robustness,good stability,self-healing capabilities,rapid response,and more.In this review,recent advances in wearable SR-based TENGs(SR-TENGs)are systematically reviewed with a focus on their application in different parts of the human body.Given that the manufacturing method of SR-TENGs largely determines its output performance and sensitivity,this paper introduces the design of SR-TENGs,including material selection,process modulation,and structure optimization.Additionally,this article discusses the current challenges in the SR-TENG fabrication technology and potential future directions,aiming to promote the effective development of SR-TENGs in biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications.展开更多
This study reports the response of helium(He)ion irradiation on binary-phase structured alloy V_(34)Ti_(25)Cr_(10)Ni_(30)Pd1.The alloy consists of a VCr matrix with nano-sized TiNi precipitates and a B2 TiNi matrix wi...This study reports the response of helium(He)ion irradiation on binary-phase structured alloy V_(34)Ti_(25)Cr_(10)Ni_(30)Pd1.The alloy consists of a VCr matrix with nano-sized TiNi precipitates and a B2 TiNi matrix with nano-sized VCr precipitates.VCr is chemical-disordered and TiNi has a B2-ordered structure.The alloy was subjected to 400 keV He ion irradiation with a fluence of 1×10^(17)ions cm^(−2)at 450℃.The results show He bubbles within the chemical-disordered VCr matrix exhibit a near-spherical shape with a smaller size and higher density compared to that in chemical-ordered TiNi phase with a larger size,lower density,and faceted shape.This indicates the chemical-disordered VCr phase effectively suppresses He accumulation compared to the B2-ordered TiNi phase,emphasizing the dominance of chemical struc-tures in He bubble formation.The calculation of density functional theory(DFT)shows that Ti and Ni have lower vacancy formation energy than that of V and Cr,respectively,which results in the increased vacancy production in TiNi.Consequently,He bubbles in TiNi have a larger bubble size consistent with experimental observations of radiation-induced Ni segregation.These findings elucidate the roles of or-dered and disordered chemical structures in He bubble evolution,offering insights for the development of gas ion irradiation-resistant materials.展开更多
文摘This study explores how the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators can be enhanced by incorporating Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles into nylon films using a spray coating technique.Five triboelectric nanogenerator prototypes were created:one with regular nylon and four with nylon/Fe_(3)O_(4) nanocomposites featuring varying nanoparticle densities.The electrical output,measured by open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current,showed significant improvements in the nanocomposite-based triboelectric nanogenerators compared to the nylon-only triboelectric nanogenerator.When a weak magnetic field was applied during nanocomposite preparation,the maximum voltage and current reached 56.3 V and 4.62μA,respectively.Further analysis revealed that the magnetic field during the drying process aligned the magnetic domains,boosting output efficiency.These findings demonstrate the potential of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles to enhance electrostatic and magnetic interactions in triboelectric nanogenerators,leading to improved energy-harvesting performance.This approach presents a promising strategy for developing high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators for sustainable energy and sensor applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2222002,22032004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Xiamen University:No.20720240053)State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases,Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory(2023XAKJ0103074).
文摘Text mining has emerged as a powerful strategy for extracting domain knowledge structure from large amounts of text data.To date,most text mining methods are restricted to specific literature information,resulting in incomplete knowledge graphs.Here,we report a method that combines citation analysis with topic modeling to describe the hidden development patterns in the history of science.Leveraging this method,we construct a knowledge graph in the field of Raman spectroscopy.The traditional Latent DirichletAllocation model is chosen as the baseline model for comparison to validate the performance of our model.Our method improves the topic coherence with a minimum growth rate of 100%compared to the traditional text mining method.It outperforms the traditional text mining method on the diversity,and its growth rate ranges from 0 to 126%.The results show the effectiveness of rule-based tokenizer we designed in solving the word tokenizer problem caused by entity naming rules in the field of chemistry.It is versatile in revealing the distribution of topics,establishing the similarity and inheritance relationships,and identifying the important moments in the history of Raman spectroscopy.Our work provides a comprehensive tool for the science of science research and promises to offer new insights into the historical survey and development forecast of a research field.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFB3614600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402185)+1 种基金Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2025A1515011800)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20241202123712017)。
文摘The bidirectional convergence of artificial intelligence and nanophotonics drives photonic technologies toward unprecedented levels of intelligence and efficiency,fundamentally reshaping their design paradigms and application boundaries.With its powerful data-driven and nonlinear optimization capabilities,artificial intelligence has become a powerful tool for optical design,enabling the inverse design of nanophotonics devices while accelerating the forward computation of electromagnetic responses.Conversely,nanophotonics provides a wave-based computational platform,giving rise to novel optical neural networks that achieve high-speed parallel computing and efficient information processing.This paper reviews the latest progress in the bidirectional field of artificial intelligence and nanophotonics,analyzes the basic principles of various applications from a universal perspective,comprehensively evaluates the advantages and limitations of different research methods,and makes a forwardlooking outlook on the bidirectional integration of artificial intelligence and nanophotonics,focusing on analyzing future development trends,potential applications,and challenges.The deep integration of artificial intelligence and nanophotonics is ushering in a new era for photonic technologies,offering unparalleled opportunities for fundamental research and industrial applications.
基金Penelitian Tesis Magister(PTM)Research Grant from Indonesian Government Kemdikbudristek with contract number 036/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024.PPM1 2024 Research Grant from Faculty of Industrial Technology,ITB.
文摘The continuous increase in petroleum-based plastic food packaging has led to numerous environmental concerns.One effort to reduce the use of plastic packaging in food is through preservation using biopolymer-based packaging.Among the many types of biopolymers,chitosan is widely used and researched due to its non-toxic,antimicrobial,and antifungal properties.Chitosan is widely available since it is a compound extracted from seafood waste,especially shrimps and crabs.The biodegradability and biocompatibility of chitosan also showed good potential for various applications.These characteristics and propertiesmake chitosan an attractive biopolymer to be implemented as food packaging in films and coatings.Chitosan has been tested in maintaining and increasing the shelf life of food,especially seafood such as fish and shrimp,and post-harvest products such as fruits and vegetables.In addition to its various advantages,the properties and characteristics of chitosan need to be improved to produce optimal preservation.The properties and characteristics of chitosan are improved by adding various types of additive materials such as biopolymers,plant extracts,essential oils,and metal nanoparticles.Research shows that material additives and nanotechnology can improve the quality of chitosan-based food packaging for various types of food by enhancing mechanical properties,thermal stability,antimicrobial activity,and antioxidant activity.This review provides a perspective on the recent development and properties enhancement of chitosan composite with additives and nanotechnology,as well as this material’s challenges and prospects as food packaging.
基金financially supported by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52322203)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024GHZDXM-21)。
文摘The design of cost-effective and efficient metal-free carbon-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is of great significance for increasing the production of clean hydrogen by the electrolysis of alkaline water.Precise control of the electronic structure by heteroatom doping has proven to be efficient for increasing catalytic activity.Nevertheless,both the structural characteristics and the underlying mechanism are not well understood,especially for doping with two different atoms,thus limiting the use of these catalysts.We report the production of phosphorus and nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nanospheres(HCNs)by the copolymerization of pyrrole and aniline at a Triton X-100 micelle-interface,followed by doping with phytic acid and carbonization.The unique pore structure and defect-rich framework of the HCNs expose numerous active sites.Crucially,the combined effect of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds modulate the local electronic structure of adjacent C atoms and facilitates electron transfer.As a res-ult,the HCN carbonized at 1100°C exhibited superior HER activity and an outstanding stability(70 h at a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2))in alkaline water,because of the large number of graphitic nitrogen and phosphorus-carbon bonds.
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011AA050504)Shanghai Science and Technology Grant (No.12nm0503800 and No.12nm0503500)the Analytical and Testing Center of SJTU
文摘Nanoelectronic devices are being extensively developed in these years with a large variety of potential applications. In this article, some recent developments in nanoelectronic devices, including their principles, structures and potential applications are reviewed. As nanodevices work in nanometer dimensions, they consume much less power and function much faster than conventional microelectronic devices. Nanoelectronic devices can operate in different principles so that they can be further grouped into field emission devices,molecular devices, quantum devices, etc. Nanodevices can function as sensors, diodes, transistors, photovoltaic and light emitting devices, etc. Recent advances in both theoretical simulation and fabrication technologies expedite the development process from device design to prototype demonstration. Practical applications with a great market value from nanoelectronic devices are expected in near future.
文摘This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a high crustal abundance, low environmental impact, low cost, high gravimetric(2600 W h kg-1) and volumetric(2800 W h L-1) energy densities, assuming complete conversion of sulfur to lithium sulfide(Li2S)upon lithiation. However, lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet reach commercialization due to demerits involving the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li2Sn, n=3–8), low electrical conductivity, and low loading density of sulfur. These issues arise mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the inherent insulating nature of sulfur. To overcome these issues, strategies have been pursued using nanotechnology applied to porous carbon nanocomposites, hollow one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene nanocomposites, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructured matrices. This paper aims to review various solutions pertaining to the role of nanotechnology in synthesizing nanoscale and nanostructured materials for advanced and high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we highlight perspective research directions for commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries as a major power source for electric vehicles and large-scale electric energy storage.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3606501,2022YFB3602902)the Key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(62234004)+8 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A2092)Pioneer and Leading Goose R&D Program of Zhejiang(2024C01191,2024C01092)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Zhejiang Province(2021R01003)Ningbo Key Technologies R&D Program(2022Z085),Ningbo 3315 Programme(2020A-01-B)YONGJIANG Talent Introduction Programme(2021A-038-B,2021A-159-G)“Innovation Yongjiang 2035”Key R&D Programme(2024Z146)Ningbo JiangBei District public welfare science and technology project(2022C07)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(grant no.BX20240391)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.2023M743623).
文摘High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy consumption.However,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron scale.Here,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand exchange.This strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line width<4μm,the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(<1 s at 0 V),high coloration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,etc.The success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(R&D)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12022508,12074394,and 22125604)Shanghai Supercomputer Center of ChinaShanghai Snowlake Technology Co.Ltd.
文摘The stable nanobubbles adhered to mineral surfaces may facilitate their efficient separation via flotation in the mining industry.However,the state of nanobubbles on mineral solid surfaces is still elusive.In this study,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations are employed to examine mineral-like model surfaces with varying degrees of hydrophobicity,modulated by surface charges,to elucidate the adsorption behavior of nanobubbles at the interface.Our findings not only contribute to the fundamental understanding of nanobubbles but also have potential applications in the mining industry.We observed that as the surface charge increases,the contact angle of the nanobubbles increases accordingly with shape transformation from a pancake-like gas film to a cap-like shape,and ultimately forming a stable nanobubble upon an ordered water monolayer.When the solid–water interactions are weak with a small partial charge,the hydrophobic gas(N_(2))molecules accumulate near the solid surfaces.However,we have found,for the first time,that gas molecules assemble a nanobubble on the water monolayer adjacent to the solid surfaces with large partial charges.Such phenomena are attributed to the formation of a hydrophobic water monolayer with a hydrogen bond network structure near the surface.
基金funded by the Henan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Integration for Superhard Materials(Grant No.JDKJ2022-01)the Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China,Soochow University。
文摘Graphene oxide(GO)is a two-dimensional carbon material with a graphene-like structure and many oxygen-containing functional groups,and in recent years from research into the unique optical properties of GO,GO-based composite materials formed by combining with other materials have shown improved overall performance.Reported here is an investigation of how doping with Ni,Fe,and Ag nanoparticles affects the linear and nonlinear optical properties of GO films.The morphology and structure of films of GO,GO with Ni nanoparticles,GO with Fe nanoparticles,and GO with Ag nanoparticles were studied by laser scanning confocal microscopy,SEM,energy dispersive spectroscopy,XRD,and Raman spectroscopy.UV-visible absorption spectra were used to study the optical absorption properties,and the optical band gaps of GO and the composites were calculated from those spectra via Tauc plots.The results show that the band gaps of GO films can be effectively regulated by metal nanoparticles,and so the properties of GO composites can be manipulated.The nonlinear optical properties of GO and GO-metal-nanoparticle composite films were studied by femtosecond laser Z-scanning.The results show that the femtosecond laser power can be tuned to the optical limiting behavior of GO.The strong synergistic coupling effect between metal nanoparticles and GO enhances the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction of composite thin films.The nonlinear absorption coefficient of the composite thin films is improved significantly,and the optical limiting properties are excellent.GO-metal-nanoparticle composite materials have potential applications and advantages in improving optical absorption,band-gap control,and optical limiting.They can promote the expansion of GO composite materials in various practical applications and are candidates for good optical materials,opening the way to GO photonics.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2021 M3 H4A1A02045962).
文摘With the increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)applications,the demand for high-capacity next-generation materials has also increased.SiO_(x)is currently considered a promising anode material due to its exceptionally high capacity for LIBs.However,the significant volumetric changes of SiO_(x)during cycling and its initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)complicate its use,whether alone or in combination with graphite materials.In this study,a three-dimensional conductive binder network with high electronic conductivity and robust elasticity for graphite/SiO_(x)blended anodes was proposed by chemically anchoring carbon nanotubes and carboxymethyl cellulose binders using tannic acid as a chemical cross-linker.In addition,a dehydrogenation-based prelithiation strategy employing lithium hydride was utilized to enhance the ICE of SiO_(x).The combination of these two strategies increased the CE of SiO_(x)from 74%to87%and effectively mitigated its volume expansion in the graphite/SiO_(x)blended electrode,resulting in an efficient electron-conductive binder network.This led to a remarkable capacity retention of 94%after30 cycles,even under challenging conditions,with a high capacity of 550 mA h g^(-1)and a current density of 4 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,to validate the feasibility of utilizing prelithiated SiO_(x)anode materials and the conductive binder network in LIBs,a full cell incorporating these materials and a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode was used.This cell demonstrated a~27.3%increase in discharge capacity of the first cycle(~185.7 mA h g^(-1))and exhibited a cycling stability of 300 cycles.Thus,this study reports a simple,feasible,and insightful method for designing high-performance LIB electrodes.
文摘Solar-driven water splitting has emerged as a promising route for sustainable hydrogen generation,however,developing broad-spectrum responsive photocatalysts remains a challenge for achieving efficient solar-to-hydrogen conversion.Here,we demonstrate a g-C_(3)N_(4)-based(UCN)catalyst with dispersed Ag single atoms(Ag SAs)and Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs)for synergistically broad-spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.Experimental and theoretical results reveal that both Ag SAs and Ag NPs serve as active sites,with the Schottky junction between Ag NPs and g-C_(3)N_(4)effectively promoting charge separation,while Ag NPs induce localized surface plasmon resonance,extending the light response range from visible to near-infrared regions.The optimized catalyst Ag-UCN-3 exhibits a hydrogen evolution rate as high as 22.11 mmol/g/h and an apparent quantum efficiency(AQE)of 10.16%under 420 nm light illumination.Notably,it still had a high hydrogen evolution rate of 633.57μmol/g/h under 700 nm irradiation.This work unveils dual active sites engineering strategy that couples Ag SAs and Ag NPs with plasma and hot electrons,offering a new strategy for designing high-performance solar-driven energy systems.
文摘Nonlinear frequency conversion is one of the most fundamental processes in nonlinear optics.It has a wide range of applications in our daily lives,including novel light sources,sensing,and information processing.It is usually assumed that nonlinear frequency conversion requires large crystals that gradually accumulate a strong effect.However,the large size of nonlinear crystals is not compatible with the miniaturisation of modern photonic and optoelectronic systems.Therefore,shrinking the nonlinear structures down to the nanoscale,while keeping favourable conversion efficiencies,is of great importance for future photonics applications.In the last decade,researchers have studied the strategies for enhancing the nonlinear efficiencies at the nanoscale,e.g.by employing different nonlinear materials,resonant couplings and hybridization techniques.In this paper,we provide a compact review of the nanomaterials-based efforts,ranging from metal to dielectric and semiconductor nanostructures,including their relevant nanofabrication techniques.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFB3304000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275292)+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.D5000240313)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2022GY-228)the Science and technology planning project of Xian(No.20KYPT0002-1)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.D5000230084 and 3102022gxb002)the Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Projects(Nos.2021LLRH08 and 2022GXLH-02-15)the Emerging Interdisciplinary Project of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.22GH0306).
文摘Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-based hydrogels are widely used in the fields of tissue engineering,biomedicine,and flexible sensors due to their low cost,excellent biocompatibility,and simple gelation methods.Re-peated freeze-thaw cycles are essential for the preparation of such hydrogels.Although this process can enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogels to a certain extent,it can also result in opacity and limited tensile performance,significantly restricting their application in wearable devices and electronic skin.This study introduced cellulose nanofibers into polyacrylamide(PAM)/PVA double interpenetrat-ing network hydrogel system,achieving the preparation of a multifunctional composite hydrogel with a“triple-network interlock”structure.Under the synergistic effects of multiple networks,multiple hy-drogen bonds,and nano-reinforcement,this composite hydrogel requires only a single freeze-thaw cycle to achieve a tensile strength exceeding 1 MPa,which is significantly higher than that of PVA hydro-gels subjected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles.The PVA-based hydrogel prepared in this work balances tensile strength(1.41 MPa),elongation(1332%),transparency(89.8%),and toughness(6.73 MJ m-3).Ad-ditionally,this composite hydrogel exhibits high sensitivity(GF=8.74),rapid response(108 ms),fatigue resistance,and antibacterial properties,making it a reliable strain sensor over a wide strain range.When encapsulated on human joints,it can monitor body movements in real-time,such as movements of fin-gers,wrists,elbows,and knees,and can be integrated into peripheral circuits to achieve precise real-time control of robotic hands.This work presents a multifunctional composite hydrogel with great potential as a candidate material for tissue engineering,human-machine interaction,and high-performance wearable sensors.
基金supported by the National key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3705200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1804146,51905153,52111530068)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Henan University of Science and Technology,China(No.2015XTD006)the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province,China(No.221100230200)。
文摘The effects of gradient nanostructures induced by supersonic fine particle bombardment(SFPB)on the surface integrity,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of a Ni-W-Co-Ta medium-heavy alloy(MHA)were systematically investigated.The results show that gradient nanostructures are formed on the surface of Ni-W-Co-Ta MHA after SFPB treatment.At a gas pressure of 1.0 MPa and an impact time of 60 s,the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy reached the maximum values of 1236 MPa and 758 MPa,respectively,which are 22.5%and 38.8%higher than those of the solid solution treated alloy,and the elongation(46.3%)is close to that of the solid solution treated alloy,achieving the optimal strength–ductility synergy.However,microcracks appear on the surface with excessive gas pressure and impact time,generating the relaxed residual stress and decreased strength.With the increase of the impact time and gas pressure,the depth of the deformation layer and the surface microhardness gradually increase,reaching the maximum values(29μm and HV 451)at 1.0 MPa and 120 s.The surface grain size is refined to a minimum of 11.67 nm.Notably,SFPB treatment has no obvious effect on elongation,and the fracture mode changes from the ductile fracture before treatment to ductile–brittle mixed fracture after treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62031022 and 52375572)the Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province,China(No.202102030201003)+1 种基金Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering,China(No.2022SXAT001)Key Core Technological Breakthrough Program of Taiyuan City,China(No.2024TYJB0126).
文摘In this work,we realized a room-temperature nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))gas sensor based on a platinum(Pt)-loaded nanoporous gallium nitride(NP-GaN)sensing material using the thermal reduction method and coreduction with the catalysis of polyols.The gas sensor gained excellent sensitivity to NO_(2) at a concentration range of 200 ppm to 100 ppb,benefiting from the loading of Pt nanoparticles,and exhibited a short response time(22 s)and recovery time(170 s)to 100 ppm of NO_(2) at room temperature with excellent selectivity to NO_(2) compared with other gases.This phenomenon was attributed to the spillover effect and the synergic electronic interaction with semiconductor materials of Pt,which not only provided more electrons for the adsorption of NO_(2) molecules but also occupied effective sites,causing poor sites for other gases.The low detection limit of Pt/NP-GaN was 100 ppb,and the gas sensor still had a fast response 70 d after fabrication.Besides,the gas-sensing mechanism of the gas sensor was further elaborated to determine the reason leading to its improved properties.The significant spillover impact and oxygen dissociation of Pt provided advantages to its synergic electronic interaction with semiconductor materials,leading to the improvement of the gas properties of gas sensors.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant(RS-2024-00343512,RS-2024-00416938).
文摘Metallic nanowires have served as novel materials for soft electronics due to their outstanding mechanical compliance and electrical properties.However,weak adhesion and low mechanical robustness of nanowire networks to substrates significantly undermine their reliability,necessitating the use of an insulating protective layer,which greatly limits their utility.Herein,we present a versatile and generalized laser-based process that simultaneously achieves strong adhesion and mechanical robustness of nanowire networks on diverse substrates without the need for a protective layer.In this method,the laser-induced photothermal energy at the interface between the nanowire network and the substrate facilitates the interpenetration of the nanowire network and the polymer matrix,resulting in mechanical interlocking through percolation.This mechanism is broadly applicable across different metallic nanowires and thermoplastic substrates,significantly enhancing its universality in diverse applications.Thereby,we demonstrated the mechanical robustness of nanowires in reusable wearable physiological sensors on the skin without compromising the performance of the sensor.Furthermore,enhanced robustness and electrical conductivity by the laser-induced interlocking enables a stable functionalization of conducting polymers in a wet environment,broadening its application into various electrochemical devices.
基金financial supports from National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1200203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51971112,51225102,and 52171119)+3 种基金Jiangsu Province Leading Edge Technology Basic Research Major Project(No.BK20222014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023201001)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2023ZB091)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M741699)。
文摘Nanocrystalline(NC)metals and alloys are prone to mechanical and thermal instability under force and thermal fields due to their high Gibbs free energy,which limits their industrial applications.In this work,by employing rotary swaging(RS),bulk NC Cu–15 at.%Al alloys with both high strength and high thermal stability were prepared.Quasi-static tensile test results show that the yield strength is 1016 MPa.Moreover,the grain growth temperature was retarded up to 0.4 Tm,higher than the literature values.Microstructural characterizations revealed that after RS deformation,coarse-grained Cu–Al was refined into fibrous NC grains with a diameter of 45 nm and a length of 190 nm,and the contents of high-angle grain boundaries(GBs),low-angle GBs,and twin boundaries are 17%,45%,and 38%,respectively.Moreover,there is a significant multiscale chemical fluctuation within the grains,at the GBs,and between the grains through extreme defect accumulation.The atomistic simulation suggests that the segregation behavior of Al solute is essentially driven by the atomic size and local stress state.Besides,Al segregation greatly reduces the grain boundary energy,which further improves the thermal stability of the material.The main strengthening mechanism is Hall–Petch strengthening and the strengthening brought by the chemical fluctuations.Our work provides ideas for designing strong and thermally stable bulk NC alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52442104)the Application Research Program of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2022JH2/01300219)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3132024210)the Scientific Research Fund of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province(Nos.LJ212410151013,LJKMZ20220359)。
文摘Wearable bioelectronic devices are rapidly evolving towards miniaturization and multifunctionality,with remarkable features such as flexibility and comfort.However,achieving a sustainable power supply for wearable bioelectronic devices is still a great challenge.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)provide an efficient solution by converting irregular,low-frequency bioenergy from the human body into electrical energy.Beyond sustainably powering wearable bioelectronics,the harvested electrical energy also carries rich information for human body sensing.In this conversion process,the choice of material plays a crucial role in affecting the output performance of the TENGs.Among various materials,silicone rubber(SR)stands out due to its exceptional plasticity,flexibility,comfortability and other favorable properties.Moreover,with appropriate treatment,SR can achieve extreme functionalities such as high robustness,good stability,self-healing capabilities,rapid response,and more.In this review,recent advances in wearable SR-based TENGs(SR-TENGs)are systematically reviewed with a focus on their application in different parts of the human body.Given that the manufacturing method of SR-TENGs largely determines its output performance and sensitivity,this paper introduces the design of SR-TENGs,including material selection,process modulation,and structure optimization.Additionally,this article discusses the current challenges in the SR-TENG fabrication technology and potential future directions,aiming to promote the effective development of SR-TENGs in biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Con-finement Fusion Energy Research Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFE03030004 and 2019YFE03120003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12275010,12275176,12275001,12335017,11921006,U21B2082,U22B2064 and U20B2025)+3 种基金the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.1222023)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.RCYX20210609103904028)Engang Fu acknowledges the support from the Science Fund or Creative Research Groups of NSFC,the Ion Beam Materials Laboratory(IBML)and Electron Microscopy Laboratory(EML)the High-performance Computing Platform(HPC)at Peking University.Xing Liu acknowledges the discussion with Prof.Ning Gao and Dr.Yifan Zhang.
文摘This study reports the response of helium(He)ion irradiation on binary-phase structured alloy V_(34)Ti_(25)Cr_(10)Ni_(30)Pd1.The alloy consists of a VCr matrix with nano-sized TiNi precipitates and a B2 TiNi matrix with nano-sized VCr precipitates.VCr is chemical-disordered and TiNi has a B2-ordered structure.The alloy was subjected to 400 keV He ion irradiation with a fluence of 1×10^(17)ions cm^(−2)at 450℃.The results show He bubbles within the chemical-disordered VCr matrix exhibit a near-spherical shape with a smaller size and higher density compared to that in chemical-ordered TiNi phase with a larger size,lower density,and faceted shape.This indicates the chemical-disordered VCr phase effectively suppresses He accumulation compared to the B2-ordered TiNi phase,emphasizing the dominance of chemical struc-tures in He bubble formation.The calculation of density functional theory(DFT)shows that Ti and Ni have lower vacancy formation energy than that of V and Cr,respectively,which results in the increased vacancy production in TiNi.Consequently,He bubbles in TiNi have a larger bubble size consistent with experimental observations of radiation-induced Ni segregation.These findings elucidate the roles of or-dered and disordered chemical structures in He bubble evolution,offering insights for the development of gas ion irradiation-resistant materials.
