By using the meteorological data,GIS data and blueberry production data of Nanchong and the surrounding areas in Nanchong from 1991 to 2022,the climate ecological suitability of blueberry was analyzed based on the gro...By using the meteorological data,GIS data and blueberry production data of Nanchong and the surrounding areas in Nanchong from 1991 to 2022,the climate ecological suitability of blueberry was analyzed based on the growth habit of blueberry,and the restrictive and high-impact factors were selected as zoning indicators to carry out climate ecological zoning.The results show that Nanchong has a humid climate,and the annual average temperature in most parts is 15.0-17.8℃;the cold temperature duration in winter is more than 770 h,and the average maximum temperature in July is more than 30.0℃,so it is suitable for planting southern high-bush blueberry,rabbit-eye blueberry and a hybrid of northern and southern high-bush blueberry.Sunshine,high temperature in midsummer,daily temperature range at the fruiting stage and terrain slope are the main limiting or high-impact ecological factors of blueberry production in Nanchong,among which the adverse effect of insufficient sunshine is the largest.The meteorological disasters affecting blueberry production in Nanchong mainly include rainy weather,rainstorm and flood,high temperature and drought.High temperature and heavy heat damage in midsummer in areas at an altitude below 400 m have a great impact on the production of late-maturing blueberry.High temperature and summer drought are often accompanied in the southeast,which will aggravate the adverse effects.The suitable area of blueberry in Nanchong is mainly distributed in the shallow hilly area and the low-mountain deep hilly and gentle slope area at an altitude of 350-700 m.The less suitable area is mainly distributed in the flat dam area of shallow hill-valley at an altitude of below 350 m,the low-mountain area at an altitude of above 700 m,and other hilly areas with a slope of 15-30°.The unsuitable area is mainly distributed in hills with slope>30°,some sporadic shallow hills and flat dams at an altitude of below 300 m,river banks,water wetland buffer zones,etc.In order to make full use of the climate resources and the advantages of blueberry varieties,early-and medium-maturing southern high-bush varieties should be mainly planted in the low-altitude area below 400 m in Nanchong,and medium-and late-maturing varieties should be mainly planted in the medium-altitude area above 400 m.展开更多
Soil microorganisms and labile soil organic carbon(SOC)fractions are essential factors affecting greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in paddy fields.However,the effects of labile SOC fractions and microorganisms on GHG emiss...Soil microorganisms and labile soil organic carbon(SOC)fractions are essential factors affecting greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in paddy fields.However,the effects of labile SOC fractions and microorganisms on GHG emissions from flooding to drying after organic fertilizer replacing for chemical fertilizer remain unclear.Here,a long-term experiment was conducted with four treatments:chemical fertilization only(control),organic fertilizer substituting 25%of chemical N fertilizer(NM1),50%of chemical N fertilizer(NM2),and NM2combined with crop straw(NMS).GHG emissions were monitored,and soil samples were collected to determine labile SOC fractions and microorganisms.Results revealed the GHG emissions in the NM2 significantly increased by 196.88%from flooding to drying,mainly due to the higher CO_(2) emissions.The GHG emissions per kg of C input in NMS was the lowest with the value of 9.17.From flooding to drying,organic fertilizer application significantly increased the readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROC)contents and C lability;the NM2 and NMS dramatically increased the SOC and non-readily oxidizable organic carbon(NROC).The bacterial communities showed significant differences among different treatments in the flooding,while the significant difference was only found between the NMS and other treatments in the drying.From flooding to drying,changing soil moisture conditions causes C fractions and microbial communities to jointly affect carbon emissions,and the NMS promoted carbon sequestration and mitigated GHG emissions.Our findings highlight the importance of the labile SOC fractions and microorganisms linked to GHG emissions in paddy fields.展开更多
Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight, which is one of the components of rice yield. The objective o this study was to identify novel, and important quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for grain size and weight ...Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight, which is one of the components of rice yield. The objective o this study was to identify novel, and important quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for grain size and weight in rice. QTLs were mapped using a BC4F4 population including 192 backcross inbred lines(BILs) derived from a backcross between Xiaolijing(XLJ) and recombinant inbred lines(RILs). The mapping population was planted in both Lingshui(Hainan, 2015) and Fuyang(Zhejiang, 2016), with the short-and long-day conditions, respectively. A total of 10 QTLs for grain length, four for grain width, four for the ratio of grain length to width, and 11 for grain weight were detected in at least one environment and were distributed across 11 chromosomes. The phenotypic variance explained ranged from 6.76–25.68%, 14.30–34.03%, 5.28–26.50%, and 3.01–22.87% for grain length, grain width, the ratio of grain length to width, and thousand grain weight, respectively. Using the sequential residual heterozygotes(SeqRHs) method, qGS7.1, a QTL for grain size and weight, was mapped in a 3.2-Mb interval on chromosome 7. No QTLs about grain size and weight were reported in previous studies in this region, providing a good candidate for functional analysis and breeding utilization.展开更多
Tiller number and grain size are important agronomic traits that determine grain yield in rice.Here,we demonstrate that DEFECTIVE TILLER GROWTH 1(DTG1),a member of the casein kinase 1 protein family,exerts a co-regula...Tiller number and grain size are important agronomic traits that determine grain yield in rice.Here,we demonstrate that DEFECTIVE TILLER GROWTH 1(DTG1),a member of the casein kinase 1 protein family,exerts a co-regulatory effect on tiller number and grain size.We identified a single amino acid substitution in DTG1(I357K)that caused a decrease in tiller number and an increase in grain size in NIL-dtg1.Genetic analyses revealed that DTG1 plays a pivotal role in regulation of tillering and grain size.The DTG1^(I357K) allelic variant exhibited robust functionality in suppressing tillering.We show that DTG1 is preferentially expressed in tiller buds and young panicles,and negatively regulates grain size by restricting cell proliferation in spikelet hulls.We further confirm that DTG1 functioned in grain size regulation by directly interacting with Grain Width 2(GW2),a critical grain size regulator in rice.The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of DTG1 significantly enhanced tiller number and grain size,thereby increasing rice grain yield under field conditions,thus highlighting potential value of DTG1 in rice breeding.展开更多
Relay strip intercropping(RSI)increases soybean nodule number and nitrogen fixation activity at the reproductive stage more than monocropping(M),but the effect of changes in the environment,especially light,on nodules...Relay strip intercropping(RSI)increases soybean nodule number and nitrogen fixation activity at the reproductive stage more than monocropping(M),but the effect of changes in the environment,especially light,on nodules during the coexistence duration and vegetative stage,is unclear.To determine the impact of shading on nodule development at the seedling stage,nodule traits,distribution,and physiological function were compared between M and RSI in a potting experiment in a field environment.Compared with M,nodule number and weight decreased significantly(an average of 81.77%and 93.16%,respectively);thus,the exponential relationship between them changed because of the smaller nodule in RSI.Nodules were clustered on the tap roots,but there was no effect on the distribution of nodule weight on the tap or lateral root.The nodule density of the tap root notably decreased by an average of 56.00%,whereas that of the lateral root showed no difference.Dry weightspecific nodulation(DW-specific),and the ratio of nodule weight to root or whole plant weight decreased(61.33%,85.46%,and 88.50%,respectively).Nodule leghemoglobin and sucrose content decreased in RSI by 94.29%and 95.17%at the plant level,and nodule nitrogenase activity was suppressed,especially at the plant level.The nodule growth and nitrogen fixation ability of ND showed the strongest adaptability to shading among the varieties.展开更多
Aflatoxins(AFs)are a group of secondary metabolites belonging to polyketide-derived furanocoumarins produced by Aspergillus fungi.As one type of mycotoxins,AFs are the most carcinogenic and toxic compounds for human a...Aflatoxins(AFs)are a group of secondary metabolites belonging to polyketide-derived furanocoumarins produced by Aspergillus fungi.As one type of mycotoxins,AFs are the most carcinogenic and toxic compounds for human and animal health,which might lead to serious contamination on agricultural products including peanut,maize and milk.Moreover,AF contamination in food chain was difficult to be controlled.This review summarizes the research progress on the types,producers and properties of AFs,gene clusters,AF biosynthesis and genetic regulation in major Aspergillus fungi,aiming to provide comprehensive information for developing cost-effective strategies on control of AF contamination in agriculture production and consequent food chain.展开更多
Chlorophyll(Chl) biosynthesis is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth.Glutamyl-tRNA reductase(GluTR) catalyzes glutamyl-tRNA into glutamate-1-semialdehyde(GSA) and initiates the chlorophyll biosynthesis.Even ...Chlorophyll(Chl) biosynthesis is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth.Glutamyl-tRNA reductase(GluTR) catalyzes glutamyl-tRNA into glutamate-1-semialdehyde(GSA) and initiates the chlorophyll biosynthesis.Even though the main role of GluTR has been established,the effects caused by natural variations in its corresponding gene remain largely unknown.Here,we characterized a spontaneous mutant in paddy field with Chl biosynthesis deficiency,designated as cbd1.With intact thylakoid lamellar structure,the cbd1 plant showed light green leaves and reduced Chl and carotenoids(Cars) content significantly compared to the wild type.By map-based gene cloning,the mutation was restricted within a 57-kb region on chromosome 10,in which an mPingA miniature inverted-repeat transposable element(MITE) inserted in the promoter region of OsHemA gene.Both leaf color and the pigment contents in cbd1 were recovered in a complementation test,confirming OsHemA was responsible for the mutant phenotype.OsHemA was uniquely predicted to encode GluTR and its expression level was dramatically repressed in cbd1.Transient transformation in protoplasts demonstrated that GluTR localized in chloroplasts and a signal peptide exists in its N-terminus.A majority of Chl biosynthesis genes,except for POR and CHLG,were down-regulated synchronously by the repression of OsHemA,suggesting that an attenuation occurred in the Chl biosynthesis pathway.Interestingly,we found major agronomic traits involved in rice yield were statistically unaffected,except for the number of full grains per panicle was increased in cbd1.Collectively,OsHemA plays an essential role in Chl biosynthesis in rice and its weak allele can adjust leaf color and Chls content without compromise to rice yield.展开更多
The carotenoid in sweet potato has a high health value for the human body,and Harvest Plus has also carried out the breeding to improve the nutritional quality of sweet potatoes in order to address the health problems...The carotenoid in sweet potato has a high health value for the human body,and Harvest Plus has also carried out the breeding to improve the nutritional quality of sweet potatoes in order to address the health problems of people nutrient-deficient areas.Nanshu 012 is a new high-quality orange-fleshed sweet potato variety rich in carotenoid,bred by Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the " Boga × Sanheshu" hybrid.In the regional test of sweet potato varieties in Sichuan Province during 2009-2010,the average fresh potato yield was 24600 kg/ha,the average dry matter percentage was 29.0 % and the average preserved sweet potato yield was 7152.0 kg/ha;in the production test,the average fresh potato yield was 28410.0 kg/ha and the average preserved sweet potato yield was 8734.5 kg/ha.The multi-point sampling analysis showed that the total sugar content of fresh potato was 5.28 %,protein content was 1.43 %,vitamin C content was 28.9 mg/100 g and carotenoid content was 5.21 mg/100 g.This variety was identified by Sichuan Crop Variety Approval Committee in March 2012,with high fresh potato yield,sweetness,rich carotenoid and resistance to black spot.It is an orange-fleshed sweet potato variety suitable for eating and food processing,and it should be planted in the plot with moderate fertility or above,and should be planted and harvested as early as possible.展开更多
Association mapping is a powerful approach for exploring the molecular basis of phenotypic variations in plants. A peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） mini-core collection in China comprising 298 accessions was genotyped u...Association mapping is a powerful approach for exploring the molecular basis of phenotypic variations in plants. A peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） mini-core collection in China comprising 298 accessions was genotyped using lo9 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers, which identified 554 SSR alleles and phenotyped for 15 agronomic traits in three different environments, exhibiting abundant genetic and phenotypic diversity within the panel. A model-based structure analysis assigned all accessions to three groups. Most of the accessions had the relative kinship of less than o.05, indicating that there were no or weak relationships between accessions of the mini- core collection. For 15 agronomic traits in the peanut panel, generally the Q ＋ K model exhibited the best performance to eliminate the false associated positives compared to the Q model and the general linear model-simple model. In total, 89 SSR alleles were identified to be associated with 15 agronomic traits of three environments by the Q＋K model-based association analysis. Of these, eight alleles were repeatedly detected in two or three environments, and 15 alleles were commonly detected to be associated with multiple agronomic traits. Simple sequence repeat allelic effects confirmed significant differences between different genotypes of these repeatedly detected markers. Our results demonstrate the great potential of integrating the association analysis and marker-assisted breeding by utilizing the peanut mini-core collection.展开更多
Ubiquitination,a critical post-translational modification,plays a pivotal role in fine tuning the immune responses of plants.The tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)suffers significant yield and quality losses caused by the d...Ubiquitination,a critical post-translational modification,plays a pivotal role in fine tuning the immune responses of plants.The tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)suffers significant yield and quality losses caused by the devastating pathogen Botrytis cinerea.We have discovered the role of SlRAE1,a gene encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase,as a pivotal negative regulator of resistance to B.cinerea.SlRAE1 interacts with SlSKP1,a component of the SKP1–Cullin1–F-box(SCF)complex,to modulate the protein stability of the transcription factor SlWRKY1 through the 26S proteasome pathway.SlWRKY1 targets and inhibits the transcription of SlJAZ7,a suppressor of jasmonic acid(JA)signaling,thereby activating the JA-induced defense system and affecting tomato susceptibility to B.cinerea.The resistance enhancement observed with knock-out SlRAE1 was reduced when SlWRKY1 was also knocked out,highlighting SlWRKY1's role in SlRAE1's regulation of tomato defense against B.cinerea.Our findings elucidate the defense mechanism in tomato and suggest that targeting SlRAE1,by modulating SlWRKY1 stability,could help to develop resistant tomato varieties.These insights have broader implications for using gene-editing technologies to enhance crop defense against fungi.展开更多
基金Supported by the Foundation of Scientific and Technological Development of Meteorological Administration/Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province-2018-Key-05-03)the Special Project for Applied Technology Research and Development in Nanchong City(21YFZJ0027)。
文摘By using the meteorological data,GIS data and blueberry production data of Nanchong and the surrounding areas in Nanchong from 1991 to 2022,the climate ecological suitability of blueberry was analyzed based on the growth habit of blueberry,and the restrictive and high-impact factors were selected as zoning indicators to carry out climate ecological zoning.The results show that Nanchong has a humid climate,and the annual average temperature in most parts is 15.0-17.8℃;the cold temperature duration in winter is more than 770 h,and the average maximum temperature in July is more than 30.0℃,so it is suitable for planting southern high-bush blueberry,rabbit-eye blueberry and a hybrid of northern and southern high-bush blueberry.Sunshine,high temperature in midsummer,daily temperature range at the fruiting stage and terrain slope are the main limiting or high-impact ecological factors of blueberry production in Nanchong,among which the adverse effect of insufficient sunshine is the largest.The meteorological disasters affecting blueberry production in Nanchong mainly include rainy weather,rainstorm and flood,high temperature and drought.High temperature and heavy heat damage in midsummer in areas at an altitude below 400 m have a great impact on the production of late-maturing blueberry.High temperature and summer drought are often accompanied in the southeast,which will aggravate the adverse effects.The suitable area of blueberry in Nanchong is mainly distributed in the shallow hilly area and the low-mountain deep hilly and gentle slope area at an altitude of 350-700 m.The less suitable area is mainly distributed in the flat dam area of shallow hill-valley at an altitude of below 350 m,the low-mountain area at an altitude of above 700 m,and other hilly areas with a slope of 15-30°.The unsuitable area is mainly distributed in hills with slope>30°,some sporadic shallow hills and flat dams at an altitude of below 300 m,river banks,water wetland buffer zones,etc.In order to make full use of the climate resources and the advantages of blueberry varieties,early-and medium-maturing southern high-bush varieties should be mainly planted in the low-altitude area below 400 m in Nanchong,and medium-and late-maturing varieties should be mainly planted in the medium-altitude area above 400 m.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107247)the National Key Research and Development Project(No.2022YFD1901605)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Nos.2025YFHZ0142 and 2024NSFSC0800)the Tobacco Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.SCYC202407)。
文摘Soil microorganisms and labile soil organic carbon(SOC)fractions are essential factors affecting greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in paddy fields.However,the effects of labile SOC fractions and microorganisms on GHG emissions from flooding to drying after organic fertilizer replacing for chemical fertilizer remain unclear.Here,a long-term experiment was conducted with four treatments:chemical fertilization only(control),organic fertilizer substituting 25%of chemical N fertilizer(NM1),50%of chemical N fertilizer(NM2),and NM2combined with crop straw(NMS).GHG emissions were monitored,and soil samples were collected to determine labile SOC fractions and microorganisms.Results revealed the GHG emissions in the NM2 significantly increased by 196.88%from flooding to drying,mainly due to the higher CO_(2) emissions.The GHG emissions per kg of C input in NMS was the lowest with the value of 9.17.From flooding to drying,organic fertilizer application significantly increased the readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROC)contents and C lability;the NM2 and NMS dramatically increased the SOC and non-readily oxidizable organic carbon(NROC).The bacterial communities showed significant differences among different treatments in the flooding,while the significant difference was only found between the NMS and other treatments in the drying.From flooding to drying,changing soil moisture conditions causes C fractions and microbial communities to jointly affect carbon emissions,and the NMS promoted carbon sequestration and mitigated GHG emissions.Our findings highlight the importance of the labile SOC fractions and microorganisms linked to GHG emissions in paddy fields.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0100806)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LY18C130008)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31521064)the Major Project of the Genetically Modified and National Key Transgenic Research Projects, China (2016ZX08001-002)the Super Rice Breeding Innovation Team and Rice Heterosis Mechanism Research Innovation Team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Innovation Project (CAASASTIP-2013-CNRRI)
文摘Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight, which is one of the components of rice yield. The objective o this study was to identify novel, and important quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for grain size and weight in rice. QTLs were mapped using a BC4F4 population including 192 backcross inbred lines(BILs) derived from a backcross between Xiaolijing(XLJ) and recombinant inbred lines(RILs). The mapping population was planted in both Lingshui(Hainan, 2015) and Fuyang(Zhejiang, 2016), with the short-and long-day conditions, respectively. A total of 10 QTLs for grain length, four for grain width, four for the ratio of grain length to width, and 11 for grain weight were detected in at least one environment and were distributed across 11 chromosomes. The phenotypic variance explained ranged from 6.76–25.68%, 14.30–34.03%, 5.28–26.50%, and 3.01–22.87% for grain length, grain width, the ratio of grain length to width, and thousand grain weight, respectively. Using the sequential residual heterozygotes(SeqRHs) method, qGS7.1, a QTL for grain size and weight, was mapped in a 3.2-Mb interval on chromosome 7. No QTLs about grain size and weight were reported in previous studies in this region, providing a good candidate for functional analysis and breeding utilization.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Support Project (2022ZDZX0012,2021YFYZ0016,2023YFN0007,2021YFYZ0027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32171966,U23A20180).
文摘Tiller number and grain size are important agronomic traits that determine grain yield in rice.Here,we demonstrate that DEFECTIVE TILLER GROWTH 1(DTG1),a member of the casein kinase 1 protein family,exerts a co-regulatory effect on tiller number and grain size.We identified a single amino acid substitution in DTG1(I357K)that caused a decrease in tiller number and an increase in grain size in NIL-dtg1.Genetic analyses revealed that DTG1 plays a pivotal role in regulation of tillering and grain size.The DTG1^(I357K) allelic variant exhibited robust functionality in suppressing tillering.We show that DTG1 is preferentially expressed in tiller buds and young panicles,and negatively regulates grain size by restricting cell proliferation in spikelet hulls.We further confirm that DTG1 functioned in grain size regulation by directly interacting with Grain Width 2(GW2),a critical grain size regulator in rice.The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of DTG1 significantly enhanced tiller number and grain size,thereby increasing rice grain yield under field conditions,thus highlighting potential value of DTG1 in rice breeding.
基金supported by the“Challenge Banner and Leadership Board”of Sichuan Science and Technology Project(24JBGOV0007)earmarked fund for CARS-04-CES33,Nanchong Science and Technology Project(23JCYJPT0007)the Sweetpotato and Leguminosae Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Open Project(2023SLGIU03).
文摘Relay strip intercropping(RSI)increases soybean nodule number and nitrogen fixation activity at the reproductive stage more than monocropping(M),but the effect of changes in the environment,especially light,on nodules during the coexistence duration and vegetative stage,is unclear.To determine the impact of shading on nodule development at the seedling stage,nodule traits,distribution,and physiological function were compared between M and RSI in a potting experiment in a field environment.Compared with M,nodule number and weight decreased significantly(an average of 81.77%and 93.16%,respectively);thus,the exponential relationship between them changed because of the smaller nodule in RSI.Nodules were clustered on the tap roots,but there was no effect on the distribution of nodule weight on the tap or lateral root.The nodule density of the tap root notably decreased by an average of 56.00%,whereas that of the lateral root showed no difference.Dry weightspecific nodulation(DW-specific),and the ratio of nodule weight to root or whole plant weight decreased(61.33%,85.46%,and 88.50%,respectively).Nodule leghemoglobin and sucrose content decreased in RSI by 94.29%and 95.17%at the plant level,and nodule nitrogenase activity was suppressed,especially at the plant level.The nodule growth and nitrogen fixation ability of ND showed the strongest adaptability to shading among the varieties.
基金supported by the China Peanut Industry Technology System Project(CARS-13-Nanchong Comprehensive Experimental Station)the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(Sichuan Innovation Team Project)the Sichuan Crop Breeding Key Project(2016NYZ0031).
文摘Aflatoxins(AFs)are a group of secondary metabolites belonging to polyketide-derived furanocoumarins produced by Aspergillus fungi.As one type of mycotoxins,AFs are the most carcinogenic and toxic compounds for human and animal health,which might lead to serious contamination on agricultural products including peanut,maize and milk.Moreover,AF contamination in food chain was difficult to be controlled.This review summarizes the research progress on the types,producers and properties of AFs,gene clusters,AF biosynthesis and genetic regulation in major Aspergillus fungi,aiming to provide comprehensive information for developing cost-effective strategies on control of AF contamination in agriculture production and consequent food chain.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0101801)the National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(201262)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Biology,Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China,the Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River,China,and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,China,the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2014AA10A603-15)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2013BAD01B02-16)the Jiangsu Science and Technology Development Program,China(BE2014394 and BE2015363)
文摘Chlorophyll(Chl) biosynthesis is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth.Glutamyl-tRNA reductase(GluTR) catalyzes glutamyl-tRNA into glutamate-1-semialdehyde(GSA) and initiates the chlorophyll biosynthesis.Even though the main role of GluTR has been established,the effects caused by natural variations in its corresponding gene remain largely unknown.Here,we characterized a spontaneous mutant in paddy field with Chl biosynthesis deficiency,designated as cbd1.With intact thylakoid lamellar structure,the cbd1 plant showed light green leaves and reduced Chl and carotenoids(Cars) content significantly compared to the wild type.By map-based gene cloning,the mutation was restricted within a 57-kb region on chromosome 10,in which an mPingA miniature inverted-repeat transposable element(MITE) inserted in the promoter region of OsHemA gene.Both leaf color and the pigment contents in cbd1 were recovered in a complementation test,confirming OsHemA was responsible for the mutant phenotype.OsHemA was uniquely predicted to encode GluTR and its expression level was dramatically repressed in cbd1.Transient transformation in protoplasts demonstrated that GluTR localized in chloroplasts and a signal peptide exists in its N-terminus.A majority of Chl biosynthesis genes,except for POR and CHLG,were down-regulated synchronously by the repression of OsHemA,suggesting that an attenuation occurred in the Chl biosynthesis pathway.Interestingly,we found major agronomic traits involved in rice yield were statistically unaffected,except for the number of full grains per panicle was increased in cbd1.Collectively,OsHemA plays an essential role in Chl biosynthesis in rice and its weak allele can adjust leaf color and Chls content without compromise to rice yield.
基金Supported by Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Project(CARS-11-C-23)Nanchong Comprehensive Experiment Station Project(CARS-11-C-23)+1 种基金HarvestPlus Fund(HP8272-03)Key Research Project of Sichuan Province(2016NYZ0049)
文摘The carotenoid in sweet potato has a high health value for the human body,and Harvest Plus has also carried out the breeding to improve the nutritional quality of sweet potatoes in order to address the health problems of people nutrient-deficient areas.Nanshu 012 is a new high-quality orange-fleshed sweet potato variety rich in carotenoid,bred by Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences from the " Boga × Sanheshu" hybrid.In the regional test of sweet potato varieties in Sichuan Province during 2009-2010,the average fresh potato yield was 24600 kg/ha,the average dry matter percentage was 29.0 % and the average preserved sweet potato yield was 7152.0 kg/ha;in the production test,the average fresh potato yield was 28410.0 kg/ha and the average preserved sweet potato yield was 8734.5 kg/ha.The multi-point sampling analysis showed that the total sugar content of fresh potato was 5.28 %,protein content was 1.43 %,vitamin C content was 28.9 mg/100 g and carotenoid content was 5.21 mg/100 g.This variety was identified by Sichuan Crop Variety Approval Committee in March 2012,with high fresh potato yield,sweetness,rich carotenoid and resistance to black spot.It is an orange-fleshed sweet potato variety suitable for eating and food processing,and it should be planted in the plot with moderate fertility or above,and should be planted and harvested as early as possible.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB109300)Crop Germplasm Program (NB09‐2130135‐4)the National Science Fund of China (31271764)
文摘Association mapping is a powerful approach for exploring the molecular basis of phenotypic variations in plants. A peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） mini-core collection in China comprising 298 accessions was genotyped using lo9 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers, which identified 554 SSR alleles and phenotyped for 15 agronomic traits in three different environments, exhibiting abundant genetic and phenotypic diversity within the panel. A model-based structure analysis assigned all accessions to three groups. Most of the accessions had the relative kinship of less than o.05, indicating that there were no or weak relationships between accessions of the mini- core collection. For 15 agronomic traits in the peanut panel, generally the Q ＋ K model exhibited the best performance to eliminate the false associated positives compared to the Q model and the general linear model-simple model. In total, 89 SSR alleles were identified to be associated with 15 agronomic traits of three environments by the Q＋K model-based association analysis. Of these, eight alleles were repeatedly detected in two or three environments, and 15 alleles were commonly detected to be associated with multiple agronomic traits. Simple sequence repeat allelic effects confirmed significant differences between different genotypes of these repeatedly detected markers. Our results demonstrate the great potential of integrating the association analysis and marker-assisted breeding by utilizing the peanut mini-core collection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172599)the Beijing Rural Revitalization Agricultural Science and Technology Project (NY2401080000)+3 种基金the Beijing Agriculture Innovation Consortium (BAIC012025)the support from the Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Cropsthe Engineering Research Center of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Cropsthe 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University
文摘Ubiquitination,a critical post-translational modification,plays a pivotal role in fine tuning the immune responses of plants.The tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)suffers significant yield and quality losses caused by the devastating pathogen Botrytis cinerea.We have discovered the role of SlRAE1,a gene encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase,as a pivotal negative regulator of resistance to B.cinerea.SlRAE1 interacts with SlSKP1,a component of the SKP1–Cullin1–F-box(SCF)complex,to modulate the protein stability of the transcription factor SlWRKY1 through the 26S proteasome pathway.SlWRKY1 targets and inhibits the transcription of SlJAZ7,a suppressor of jasmonic acid(JA)signaling,thereby activating the JA-induced defense system and affecting tomato susceptibility to B.cinerea.The resistance enhancement observed with knock-out SlRAE1 was reduced when SlWRKY1 was also knocked out,highlighting SlWRKY1's role in SlRAE1's regulation of tomato defense against B.cinerea.Our findings elucidate the defense mechanism in tomato and suggest that targeting SlRAE1,by modulating SlWRKY1 stability,could help to develop resistant tomato varieties.These insights have broader implications for using gene-editing technologies to enhance crop defense against fungi.
