In 2017,a ballistic phenomenological model was proposed by the authors of Ref.[1] to numerically simulate the experimental depths of small caliber projectiles impacting walls made of adobe.The opportunity for a new mo...In 2017,a ballistic phenomenological model was proposed by the authors of Ref.[1] to numerically simulate the experimental depths of small caliber projectiles impacting walls made of adobe.The opportunity for a new model in the field revealed from the observation that two older models recently used by the authors of Ref.[2] shared a linear relationship between the penetration depth P and the impacting velocity v_(O).展开更多
In this paper, a new one-dimensional phenomenological model is developed for the assessment of the ballistic performance of Adobe. Adobe is a masonry largely spread in areas of the world involved in military operation...In this paper, a new one-dimensional phenomenological model is developed for the assessment of the ballistic performance of Adobe. Adobe is a masonry largely spread in areas of the world involved in military operations. Addressing fundamental ballistic parameters such as residual velocity or penetration depth for this building technology is necessary. The model follows the hypotheses for the ballistic response of concrete targets to high velocity impacts, provided with a dominant contribution of shear friction typical of soils. The hypotheses at the basis of the model are consistent with all experimental evidence collected by authors on Adobe. Adobe brick and mortar belong to the material class of concrete,whereas the overall mechanical parameters are determined by the internal soil mixture, including the percentage of fibre reinforcement. Despite its relative simplicity, the model is capable of well predicting ballistic test results currently available in literature for Adobe, including the data of an experimental campaign recently performed by the authors on real Adobe walls in the field.展开更多
Adobe is an ancient building technology made of sun dried bricks joined together by mud mortar. This paper deals with the physical and mechanical characterization of three different typologies of adobe bricks and one ...Adobe is an ancient building technology made of sun dried bricks joined together by mud mortar. This paper deals with the physical and mechanical characterization of three different typologies of adobe bricks and one typology of mud mortar produced in Europe. They differed in terms of internal soil element proportions and amount of organic content. Physical tests consisted of granulometry, moisture content and density tests. The mechanical characterization consisted of uniaxial compressive tests and three point bending tests. Tests were performed according to modern material standards. The main mechanical properties both in tension and compression were determined at different curing conditions. The outcome provided in this study offers a general overview on the assessment of the mechanical performance of adobe in relation to the properties and interactions of its soil constituents. In fact, the comparison between components with the same soil mineralogical family and production process made it possible to assess both at a qualitative and quantitative level the effect of the physical properties of the mixture (such as fiber and clay percentages or moisture content) on the mechanical parameters of the resulting bricks and mortar. This paper proposes new predictive formulations of the most relevant material parameters in strength and deformation, such as compressive strength, deformation at peak stress and ultimate displacement for both adobe bricks and mortar. They quantify the influence that water content, clay percentage and fiber reinforcement produce on the mechanical performance of the tested adobe components. This was made possible by means of multivariate statistical analyses on the mechanical parameters derived from all the tested samples.展开更多
文摘In 2017,a ballistic phenomenological model was proposed by the authors of Ref.[1] to numerically simulate the experimental depths of small caliber projectiles impacting walls made of adobe.The opportunity for a new model in the field revealed from the observation that two older models recently used by the authors of Ref.[2] shared a linear relationship between the penetration depth P and the impacting velocity v_(O).
文摘In this paper, a new one-dimensional phenomenological model is developed for the assessment of the ballistic performance of Adobe. Adobe is a masonry largely spread in areas of the world involved in military operations. Addressing fundamental ballistic parameters such as residual velocity or penetration depth for this building technology is necessary. The model follows the hypotheses for the ballistic response of concrete targets to high velocity impacts, provided with a dominant contribution of shear friction typical of soils. The hypotheses at the basis of the model are consistent with all experimental evidence collected by authors on Adobe. Adobe brick and mortar belong to the material class of concrete,whereas the overall mechanical parameters are determined by the internal soil mixture, including the percentage of fibre reinforcement. Despite its relative simplicity, the model is capable of well predicting ballistic test results currently available in literature for Adobe, including the data of an experimental campaign recently performed by the authors on real Adobe walls in the field.
文摘Adobe is an ancient building technology made of sun dried bricks joined together by mud mortar. This paper deals with the physical and mechanical characterization of three different typologies of adobe bricks and one typology of mud mortar produced in Europe. They differed in terms of internal soil element proportions and amount of organic content. Physical tests consisted of granulometry, moisture content and density tests. The mechanical characterization consisted of uniaxial compressive tests and three point bending tests. Tests were performed according to modern material standards. The main mechanical properties both in tension and compression were determined at different curing conditions. The outcome provided in this study offers a general overview on the assessment of the mechanical performance of adobe in relation to the properties and interactions of its soil constituents. In fact, the comparison between components with the same soil mineralogical family and production process made it possible to assess both at a qualitative and quantitative level the effect of the physical properties of the mixture (such as fiber and clay percentages or moisture content) on the mechanical parameters of the resulting bricks and mortar. This paper proposes new predictive formulations of the most relevant material parameters in strength and deformation, such as compressive strength, deformation at peak stress and ultimate displacement for both adobe bricks and mortar. They quantify the influence that water content, clay percentage and fiber reinforcement produce on the mechanical performance of the tested adobe components. This was made possible by means of multivariate statistical analyses on the mechanical parameters derived from all the tested samples.
