Background: Diarrheal diseases have globally decreased over the past few decades, yet they remain one of the top three causes of mortality in children under five years, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria. Se...Background: Diarrheal diseases have globally decreased over the past few decades, yet they remain one of the top three causes of mortality in children under five years, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria. Seasonal peaks of diarrheal episodes continue to contribute significantly to childhood mortality in these regions. One of the notable causes of diarrhea in children is parasitic infections, particularly Cryptosporidium, which poses a serious health risk. In Nigeria, the burden of Cryptosporidium diarrhea is under-researched, making it imperative to investigate its prevalence and associated risk factors. Study Objectives: The study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium diarrhea among children aged five years and below in selected health institutions in Abakaliki, South-East Nigeria. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2017, recruiting 200 children under five years with diarrhea from health institutions in Abakaliki. Fecal specimens were analyzed for Cryptosporidium oocysts using light microscopy with modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from positive samples using QIAmp® DNA stool kit, followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and molecular genotyping. Results: Cryptosporidium was detected in 0.5% (1/200) of children via light microscopy and 6.5% (13/200) via IFAT. All positive samples were confirmed as Cryptosporidium hominis by PCR. The prevalence of infection was significantly higher in children from institutionalized homes (50.0%) compared to monogamous homes (6.2%) (p Conclusion: Cryptosporidium hominis is a notable cause of diarrhea among children in Abakaliki, primarily transmitted through human-to-human contact. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions in childcare institutions to prevent outbreaks. Health authorities should promote breastfeeding and enhance education on hygiene practices in vulnerable populations.展开更多
In an environment where demand for housing is growing and the supply from public authorities is virtually non-existent,several mechanisms for housing production are emerging in the formal,semi-informal and informal co...In an environment where demand for housing is growing and the supply from public authorities is virtually non-existent,several mechanisms for housing production are emerging in the formal,semi-informal and informal construction sectors.The project owner wonders how much it costs to construct a building to an acceptable standard.Cost forecasting in general faces a number of difficulties,including a lack of available information during the preliminary phase of the project.As such,estimation becomes a crucial task involving great responsibility,which can lead to either more convincing results or chaotic situations.This study proposes a quick and effective method for estimating the cost of a single-storey F4 residential building.The modelling is done using multiple linear regression based on a statistical approach applied to twenty(20)projects that have already been completed.The project data are collected from design offices in the city of Brazzaville.The method expresses the cost of an F4 construction by certain project tasks,representing five(5)variables,three(3)of which are related to structural work and two(2)to finishing work,which are easy to determine.This approach,known as MECSO(Cost Estimation Model by Sub-structure),gives good results in all statistical tests carried out with reasonable confidence intervals.This method is very practical for engineering professionals working on the evaluation and control of construction costs.展开更多
The main objective of the present study was to model the kinetics of essential oil extraction from swelled ground juniper berries by classic hydrodistillation(HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation(MAHD). A new ...The main objective of the present study was to model the kinetics of essential oil extraction from swelled ground juniper berries by classic hydrodistillation(HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation(MAHD). A new phenomenological kinetic model was developed on the basis of the juniper essential oil extraction mechanism that assumed three mass transfer processes occurring simultaneously: washing, unhindered diffusion and hindered diffusion. The new model was compared to the existing kinetic models. Among the tested models,the new model had the smallest mean relative percentage deviation and the highest corrected Akaike information criterion value. In addition, that, the new model was verified for HD and MAHD of essential oils from some other plant materials. On the basis of the above-mentioned facts, the new model can be recommended for modeling the kinetics of essential oil extraction by both HD and MAHD.展开更多
Human hand detection in uncontrolled environments is a challenging visual recognition task due to numerous variations of hand poses and background image clutter.To achieve highly accurate results as well as provide re...Human hand detection in uncontrolled environments is a challenging visual recognition task due to numerous variations of hand poses and background image clutter.To achieve highly accurate results as well as provide real-time execution,we proposed a deep transfer learning approach over the state-of-the-art deep learning object detector.Our method,denoted as YOLOHANDS,is built on top of the You Only Look Once(YOLO)deep learning architecture,which is modified to adapt to the single class hand detection task.The model transfer is performed by modifying the higher convolutional layers including the last fully connected layer,while initializing lower non-modified layers with the generic pre-trained weights.To address robustness issues,we introduced a comprehensive augmentation procedure over the training image dataset,specifically adapted for the hand detection problem.Experimental evaluation of the proposed method,which is performed on a challenging public dataset,has demonstrated highly accurate results,comparable to the state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
2003年10月14日网络市场联盟(Web Marketing Associ-ation)连续第二年向NI公司网站ni.com颁发“Standard of Ex-cellence”大奖。250余位专家从设计、更新、内容、技术含量、交互性、导向性和易用性等角度进行评判,对ni.com给予了高度...2003年10月14日网络市场联盟(Web Marketing Associ-ation)连续第二年向NI公司网站ni.com颁发“Standard of Ex-cellence”大奖。250余位专家从设计、更新、内容、技术含量、交互性、导向性和易用性等角度进行评判,对ni.com给予了高度评价。展开更多
Dear Editor,The effective treatment of the present outbreak Ebola virus is the big challenge for the medical society.Several new therapeutic options are ongoing research.The development of new antiviral and vaccine is...Dear Editor,The effective treatment of the present outbreak Ebola virus is the big challenge for the medical society.Several new therapeutic options are ongoing research.The development of new antiviral and vaccine is the hope for successful management of the infection.However,there are also other alternative ideas for treatment of the Ebola virus infection.An interesting idea is展开更多
Despite the extreme events impact on various climate events frequency and intensity in many developing countries, there has been dearth information on daily climate trends and climatic extremes. This study comes to ch...Despite the extreme events impact on various climate events frequency and intensity in many developing countries, there has been dearth information on daily climate trends and climatic extremes. This study comes to characterize the climate type and its evolution in Morocco, specially the two regions Beni Mellal-Khenifra and Daraa-Tafilalt. RClimdex software has been used to calculate pluvio-thermal and ombro-thermic indices in the studied stations to reveal climate type in the two regions, their evolutions, and the daily extreme temperatures and precipitations. A cartographic representation has been done for the calculated indices and climatic trends in the stations from 1970 to 2016. As results, the temperature trend for hot day’s number shows a significant increase, while the cold night’s numbers, warm sequences, and precipitation are gradually decreases especially at Khouribga and Midelt. These observed modifications influence negatively the annual rainfall total in the year, the consecutive wet days, the maximums rainy days, and the increase of consecutively dry days. As a conclusion, the Martonne aridity and ombro-thermic indices, show that the temperatures and precipitations evolutions do not induce a change in the climate type for the studied regions.展开更多
The posterior communicating artery (PCoA) arises from the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery and reaching the interpeduncular cistern unites with the posterior cerebral artery, marking the beginning of its p...The posterior communicating artery (PCoA) arises from the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery and reaching the interpeduncular cistern unites with the posterior cerebral artery, marking the beginning of its post-communicating part. We accidentally found a case of an unusual origin and termination of the right PCoA associated with a presence of the right olfactory artery remnant in a 35-year-old male cadaver routinely dis-sected at Institute of Forensic Medicine. Presented vascular variations have not been reported previously in the literature. In the event of PCoA origin from the right middle cerebral artery normally developed from the cra-nial end of primitive internal carotid artery, as well as the PCoA junction with basilar tip, this PCoA could be the most cranial carotid-basilar anastomosis. Simultaneously, here presented right olfactory artery remnant could be the third variant of this persistent embryonic artery.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Goiter is the most common endocrine disease in the world. The objective of our study is to assess and compare the morbidity linked to the surgical management of goiters and t...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Goiter is the most common endocrine disease in the world. The objective of our study is to assess and compare the morbidity linked to the surgical management of goiters and thyroid tumors in the general surgery department of the Niamey National Hospital. <strong>Result:</strong> We collected data on a prospective basis on 112 cases having undergone a thyroidectomy between March 2019 and April 2020. The female sex is predominant with 96.4%, i.e. a sex ratio of 0.037. The average age is 41.2 years with extremes ranging from 22 to 72 years old. The average duration of evolution of goiter is 7.5 years with extremes ranging from 5 months to 20 years old. The first reason for consultation is anterior cervical swelling. TSH testing confirmed euthyroidism in 107 patients (95.5%). Therapeutically, loboisthmectomy is the most performed procedure with 43.7%. The postoperative hormonal assessment revealed 32% hypothyroidism at 6 months, with a significant difference for cases of total thyroidectomy. The occurrence of postoperative hypocalcemia was significantly greater after total and subtotal thyroidectomy. There is no significant difference in terms of recurrent complications. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Thyroidectomies must be performed after adequate preparation and information to the patient on possible postoperative complications, hence the need for close medical monitoring immediately and remotely.展开更多
文摘Background: Diarrheal diseases have globally decreased over the past few decades, yet they remain one of the top three causes of mortality in children under five years, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria. Seasonal peaks of diarrheal episodes continue to contribute significantly to childhood mortality in these regions. One of the notable causes of diarrhea in children is parasitic infections, particularly Cryptosporidium, which poses a serious health risk. In Nigeria, the burden of Cryptosporidium diarrhea is under-researched, making it imperative to investigate its prevalence and associated risk factors. Study Objectives: The study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium diarrhea among children aged five years and below in selected health institutions in Abakaliki, South-East Nigeria. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2017, recruiting 200 children under five years with diarrhea from health institutions in Abakaliki. Fecal specimens were analyzed for Cryptosporidium oocysts using light microscopy with modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from positive samples using QIAmp® DNA stool kit, followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and molecular genotyping. Results: Cryptosporidium was detected in 0.5% (1/200) of children via light microscopy and 6.5% (13/200) via IFAT. All positive samples were confirmed as Cryptosporidium hominis by PCR. The prevalence of infection was significantly higher in children from institutionalized homes (50.0%) compared to monogamous homes (6.2%) (p Conclusion: Cryptosporidium hominis is a notable cause of diarrhea among children in Abakaliki, primarily transmitted through human-to-human contact. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions in childcare institutions to prevent outbreaks. Health authorities should promote breastfeeding and enhance education on hygiene practices in vulnerable populations.
文摘In an environment where demand for housing is growing and the supply from public authorities is virtually non-existent,several mechanisms for housing production are emerging in the formal,semi-informal and informal construction sectors.The project owner wonders how much it costs to construct a building to an acceptable standard.Cost forecasting in general faces a number of difficulties,including a lack of available information during the preliminary phase of the project.As such,estimation becomes a crucial task involving great responsibility,which can lead to either more convincing results or chaotic situations.This study proposes a quick and effective method for estimating the cost of a single-storey F4 residential building.The modelling is done using multiple linear regression based on a statistical approach applied to twenty(20)projects that have already been completed.The project data are collected from design offices in the city of Brazzaville.The method expresses the cost of an F4 construction by certain project tasks,representing five(5)variables,three(3)of which are related to structural work and two(2)to finishing work,which are easy to determine.This approach,known as MECSO(Cost Estimation Model by Sub-structure),gives good results in all statistical tests carried out with reasonable confidence intervals.This method is very practical for engineering professionals working on the evaluation and control of construction costs.
文摘The main objective of the present study was to model the kinetics of essential oil extraction from swelled ground juniper berries by classic hydrodistillation(HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation(MAHD). A new phenomenological kinetic model was developed on the basis of the juniper essential oil extraction mechanism that assumed three mass transfer processes occurring simultaneously: washing, unhindered diffusion and hindered diffusion. The new model was compared to the existing kinetic models. Among the tested models,the new model had the smallest mean relative percentage deviation and the highest corrected Akaike information criterion value. In addition, that, the new model was verified for HD and MAHD of essential oils from some other plant materials. On the basis of the above-mentioned facts, the new model can be recommended for modeling the kinetics of essential oil extraction by both HD and MAHD.
基金financed by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia.
文摘Human hand detection in uncontrolled environments is a challenging visual recognition task due to numerous variations of hand poses and background image clutter.To achieve highly accurate results as well as provide real-time execution,we proposed a deep transfer learning approach over the state-of-the-art deep learning object detector.Our method,denoted as YOLOHANDS,is built on top of the You Only Look Once(YOLO)deep learning architecture,which is modified to adapt to the single class hand detection task.The model transfer is performed by modifying the higher convolutional layers including the last fully connected layer,while initializing lower non-modified layers with the generic pre-trained weights.To address robustness issues,we introduced a comprehensive augmentation procedure over the training image dataset,specifically adapted for the hand detection problem.Experimental evaluation of the proposed method,which is performed on a challenging public dataset,has demonstrated highly accurate results,comparable to the state-of-the-art methods.
文摘2003年10月14日网络市场联盟(Web Marketing Associ-ation)连续第二年向NI公司网站ni.com颁发“Standard of Ex-cellence”大奖。250余位专家从设计、更新、内容、技术含量、交互性、导向性和易用性等角度进行评判,对ni.com给予了高度评价。
文摘Dear Editor,The effective treatment of the present outbreak Ebola virus is the big challenge for the medical society.Several new therapeutic options are ongoing research.The development of new antiviral and vaccine is the hope for successful management of the infection.However,there are also other alternative ideas for treatment of the Ebola virus infection.An interesting idea is
文摘Despite the extreme events impact on various climate events frequency and intensity in many developing countries, there has been dearth information on daily climate trends and climatic extremes. This study comes to characterize the climate type and its evolution in Morocco, specially the two regions Beni Mellal-Khenifra and Daraa-Tafilalt. RClimdex software has been used to calculate pluvio-thermal and ombro-thermic indices in the studied stations to reveal climate type in the two regions, their evolutions, and the daily extreme temperatures and precipitations. A cartographic representation has been done for the calculated indices and climatic trends in the stations from 1970 to 2016. As results, the temperature trend for hot day’s number shows a significant increase, while the cold night’s numbers, warm sequences, and precipitation are gradually decreases especially at Khouribga and Midelt. These observed modifications influence negatively the annual rainfall total in the year, the consecutive wet days, the maximums rainy days, and the increase of consecutively dry days. As a conclusion, the Martonne aridity and ombro-thermic indices, show that the temperatures and precipitations evolutions do not induce a change in the climate type for the studied regions.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia(contract grant numbers:41018 and 175092).
文摘The posterior communicating artery (PCoA) arises from the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery and reaching the interpeduncular cistern unites with the posterior cerebral artery, marking the beginning of its post-communicating part. We accidentally found a case of an unusual origin and termination of the right PCoA associated with a presence of the right olfactory artery remnant in a 35-year-old male cadaver routinely dis-sected at Institute of Forensic Medicine. Presented vascular variations have not been reported previously in the literature. In the event of PCoA origin from the right middle cerebral artery normally developed from the cra-nial end of primitive internal carotid artery, as well as the PCoA junction with basilar tip, this PCoA could be the most cranial carotid-basilar anastomosis. Simultaneously, here presented right olfactory artery remnant could be the third variant of this persistent embryonic artery.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Goiter is the most common endocrine disease in the world. The objective of our study is to assess and compare the morbidity linked to the surgical management of goiters and thyroid tumors in the general surgery department of the Niamey National Hospital. <strong>Result:</strong> We collected data on a prospective basis on 112 cases having undergone a thyroidectomy between March 2019 and April 2020. The female sex is predominant with 96.4%, i.e. a sex ratio of 0.037. The average age is 41.2 years with extremes ranging from 22 to 72 years old. The average duration of evolution of goiter is 7.5 years with extremes ranging from 5 months to 20 years old. The first reason for consultation is anterior cervical swelling. TSH testing confirmed euthyroidism in 107 patients (95.5%). Therapeutically, loboisthmectomy is the most performed procedure with 43.7%. The postoperative hormonal assessment revealed 32% hypothyroidism at 6 months, with a significant difference for cases of total thyroidectomy. The occurrence of postoperative hypocalcemia was significantly greater after total and subtotal thyroidectomy. There is no significant difference in terms of recurrent complications. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Thyroidectomies must be performed after adequate preparation and information to the patient on possible postoperative complications, hence the need for close medical monitoring immediately and remotely.
