As a promising signaling transduction approach, fluorescence polarization(FP)/fluorescence anisotropy(FA), provides a powerful quantitative tool for the rotational motion of fluorescently labeled molecules in chemical...As a promising signaling transduction approach, fluorescence polarization(FP)/fluorescence anisotropy(FA), provides a powerful quantitative tool for the rotational motion of fluorescently labeled molecules in chemical or biological homogeneous systems. Unlike fluorescence intensity, FP/FA is almost independent the concentration or quantum of fluorophores, but they are highly dependent on the size or molecular weight of the molecules or materials attached to fluorophores. Recently, significant progress in FP/FA was made, due to the introduction of some nanomaterials as FP/FA enhancers. The detection sensitivity is thus greatly improved by using nanomaterials as FP/FA enhancers, and nanomaterial-based FP/FA is currently used successfully in immunoassay, and analysis of protein, nucleic acid, small molecule and metal ion.Nanomaterial-based FP/FA provides a new kind of strategy to design fluorescent sensors and establishes innovative analytical methods. In this review, we summarize the scientific publications in the field of FP/FA sensor in recent five years, and first introduce the recent progress of FP/FA sensor based on nanomaterial. Subsequently, the various analytical applications of FP/FA based on nanomaterial are discussed. Finally, we provide perspectives on the current challenges and future prospects in this promising field.展开更多
Several N-alkyl/aryl-Se-alkyl/（aryl）selenocarbamates were prepared from various isocyanates and diselenides by reductive cleavage of Se-Se bond with the Zn/AIC]3 system in dry acetonitrile at 80 ℃.
Combustion within small motors is key in the application-specific development of nanothermite-based micro-energetic systems. This study evaluates the performance of nanothermite mixtures in a converging-diverging nozz...Combustion within small motors is key in the application-specific development of nanothermite-based micro-energetic systems. This study evaluates the performance of nanothermite mixtures in a converging-diverging nozzle and an open tube. Mixtures were prepared using nano-aluminum(n-Al),potassium perchlorate(KClO_(4)), and different carbon nanomaterials(CNMs) including graphene-oxide(GO), reduced GO, carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and nanofibers(CNFs). The mixtures were packed at different densities and ignited by laser beam. Performance was measured using thrust measurement,high-speed imaging, and computational fluid dynamics modeling, respectively. Thrust, specific impulse(ISP), volumetric impulse(ISV), as well as normalized energy were found to increase notably with CNM content. Two distinctive reaction regimes(fast and slow) were observed in combustion of low and high packing densities(20% and 55%TMD), respectively. Total impulse(IFT) and ISPwere maximized in the 5%GO/Al/KClO_4 mixture, producing 7.95 m N·s and 135.20 s respectively at 20%TMD, an improvement of 57%compared to a GO-free sample(5.05 m N·s and 85.88 s). CFD analysis of the motors over predicts the thrust generated but trends in nozzle layout and packing density agree with those observed experimentally;peak force was maximized by reducing packing density and using an open tube. The numerical force profiles fit better for the nozzle cases than the open tube scenarios due to the rapid nature of combustion. This study reveals the potential of GO in improving oxygenated salt-based nanothermites,and further demonstrates their applicability for micro-propulsion and micro-energetic applications.展开更多
Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SO...Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SOECs with Zr-rich electrolyte,called Zr-rich side P-SOECs,possess high thermodynamically stability under high steam concentrations but the large reaction resistances and the current leakage,thus the inferior performances.In this study,an efficient functional interlayer Ba_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BLFZ)in-between the anode and the electrolyte is developed.The electrochemical performances of P-SOECs are greatly enhanced because the BLFZ can greatly increase the interface contact,boost anode reaction kinetics,and increase proton injection into electrolyte.As a result,the P-SOEC yields high current density of 0.83 A cm^(-2) at 600℃ in 1.3 Vamong all the reported Zr-rich side cells.This work not only offers an efficient functional interlayer for P-SOECs but also holds the potential to achieve P-SOECs with high performances and long-term stability.展开更多
The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is well-documented.Nevertheless,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage following a stroke ...The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is well-documented.Nevertheless,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage following a stroke or brain trauma remains largely understudied.The release of amino acids by necrotic cells in the ischemic core may contribute to the expansion of the penumbra.Our findings indicated that the reversible loss of field excitato ry postsynaptic potentials caused by transient hypoxia became irreversible when exposed to a mixture of just four non-excitatory amino acids(L-alanine,glycine,L-glutamine,and L-serine)at their plasma concentrations.These amino acids induce swelling in the somas of neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia,along with permanent dendritic damage mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.Blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors prevented neuronal damage in the presence of these amino acids during hypoxia.It is likely that astroglial swelling caused by the accumulation of these amino acids via the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 exchanger and system N transporters activates volume-regulated anion channels,leading to the release of excitotoxins and subsequent neuronal damage through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation.Thus,previously unrecognized mechanisms involving non-excitatory amino acids may contribute to the progression and expansion of brain injury in neurological emergencies such as stroke and traumatic brain injury.Understanding these pathways co uld highlight new therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury.展开更多
Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management i...Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(MOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic im...BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(MOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic implications and longterm management strategies.Vascular and metabolic factors are being thought to play a role in such autoimmune neuro-inflammatory disorders,apart from the obvious immune mediated damage.With the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to pick up on these subclinical macular microvascular and structural changes.AIM To study the macular microvascular and structural changes on OCTA in atypical optic neuritis.METHODS This observational cross-sectional study involved 8 NMOSD and 17 MOGAD patients,diagnosed serologically,as well as 10 healthy controls.Macular vascular density(MVD)and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer thickness(GCIPL)were studied using OCTA.RESULTS There was a significant reduction in MVD in NMOSD and MOGAD affected as well as unaffected eyes when compared with healthy controls.NMOSD and MOGAD affected eyes had significant GCIPL thinning compared with healthy controls.NMOSD unaffected eyes did not show significant GCIPL thinning compared to healthy controls in contrast to MOGAD unaffected eyes.On comparing NMOSD with MOGAD,there was no significant difference in terms of MVD or GCIPL in the affected or unaffected eyes.CONCLUSION Although significant microvascular and structural changes are present on OCTA between atypical optic neuritis and normal patients,they could not help in differentiating between NMOSD and MOGAD cases.展开更多
For environmental applications,it is crucial to rationally design and synthesize photocatalysts with positive exciton splitting and interfacial charge transfer.Here,a novel Agbridged dual Z-scheme Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)/CoNi...For environmental applications,it is crucial to rationally design and synthesize photocatalysts with positive exciton splitting and interfacial charge transfer.Here,a novel Agbridged dual Z-scheme Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)/CoNi-LDH plasmonic heterojunction was successfully synthesized using a simple method,with the goal of overcoming the common drawbacks of traditional photocatalysts such as weak photoresponsivity,rapid combination of photogenerated carriers,and unstable structure.These materials were characterized by XRD,FT-IR,SEM,TEM UV-Vis/DRS,and XPS to verify the structure and stability of the heterostructure.The pristine LDH,g-C_(3)N_(4),and Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)/CoNi-LDH composite were investigated as photocatalysts for water remediation,an environmentally motivated process.Specifically,the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline was studied as a model reaction.The performance of the supports and composite catalyst were determined by evaluating both the degradation and adsorption phenomenon.The influence of several experimental parameters such as catalyst loading,pH,and tetracycline concentrationwere evaluated.The current study provides important data for water treatment and similar environmental protection applications.展开更多
Whilst phosphorus(P)in soil is considered to be abundant,the portion available for plant uptake constitutes less than 1%of the overall P present.To enhance crop productivity,the utilization of mineral P fertilizers ha...Whilst phosphorus(P)in soil is considered to be abundant,the portion available for plant uptake constitutes less than 1%of the overall P present.To enhance crop productivity,the utilization of mineral P fertilizers has become pervasive in agriculture.Nonetheless,the escalating prices of chemical fertilizers,coupled with new European regulations prohibiting the use of P fertilizers containing cadmium,have highlighted the urgency to identify environmentally friendly products and practices for P fertilization in agricultural soils.This comprehensive review delves into the current landscape of P fertilization from agricultural,political,and economic standpoints.We recognize the potential of microbes in mobilizing P,but emphasize the necessity for more robust research to establish their effectiveness in promoting plant P uptake under real-world conditions.Additionally,we explore the role of agricultural conservation practices,such as optimal tillage,diversified cropping systems,and increased organic carbon input,in conserving P.Furthermore,this review contemplates forthcoming innovations in research.These innovations encompass the development of enhanced formulations for biofertilizers and the undertaking of more comprehensive studies within the realm of conservation agriculture.All these endeavors collectively hold the potential to augment P accessibility to plants in a sustainable manner,thereby advancing agricultural sustainability and productivity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in the...BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in these patients.However,their actual prevalence and pathophysiology remain to be elucidated.AIM To determine the prevalence of SMAs and to assess the significance of circulating myokines as biomarkers in patients with MASLD.METHODS Skeletal muscle strength and muscle mass were measured in a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 62 patients fulfilling MASLD criteria,recruited from the outpatient clinics of a tertiary level hospital.The degree of fibrosis and liver steatosis was studied using abdominal ultrasound and transitional elastography.Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics as well as serum levels of different myokines were also determined in the MASLD cohort.Statistical analysis was performed comparing results according to liver fibrosis and steatosis.RESULTS No significant differences were found in both skeletal muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass in patients with MASLD between different stages of liver fibrosis.Interestingly,serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF21)were significantly higher in patients with MASLD with advanced hepatic fibrosis(F3-F4)than in those with lower fibrosis stages(F0-F2)(197.49±198.27 pg/mL vs 95.62±83.67 pg/mL;P=0.049).In addition,patients with MASLD with severe hepatosteatosis(S3)exhibited significantly higher serum levels of irisin(1116.87±1161.86 pg/mL)than those with lower grades(S1-S2)(385.21±375.98 pg/mL;P=0.001).CONCLUSION SMAs were uncommon in the patients with MASLD studied.Higher serum levels of irisin and FGF21 were detected in patients with advanced liver steatosis and fibrosis,respectively,with potential implications as biomarkers.展开更多
In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment...In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC),one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.The article analyzed the therapeutic modalities and their sequencing,focusing on total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.It highlighted the role of immunotherapy in tumors with high microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair,addressing recent advances that have improved prognosis and therapeutic response in localized and metastatic CRC.Innovations in surgical techniques,advanced radiotherapy,and systemic agents targeting specific mutational profiles are also discussed,reflecting on how they revolutionized clinical management.Circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a promising tool for detecting minimal residual disease,prognosis,and therapeutic monitoring,solidifying its role in precision oncology.This review emphasized the importance of technological and therapeutic advancements in improving clinical outcomes and personalizing CRC treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Emphysematous pyelonephritis(EPN)is a life-threatening necrotizing renal parenchyma infection characterized by gas formation due to severe bacterial infection,predominantly affecting diabetic and immunocomp...BACKGROUND Emphysematous pyelonephritis(EPN)is a life-threatening necrotizing renal parenchyma infection characterized by gas formation due to severe bacterial infection,predominantly affecting diabetic and immunocompromised patients.It carries high morbidity and mortality,requiring early diagnosis and timely intervention.Various prognostic scoring systems help in triaging critically ill patients.The National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS 2)scoring system is a widely used physiological assessment tool that evaluates clinical deterioration based on vital parameters,but its standard form lacks specificity for risk stratification in EPN,necessitating modifications to improve treatment decisionmaking and prognostic accuracy in this critical condition.AIM To highlight the need to modify the NEWS 2 score to enable more intense monitoring and better treatment outcomes.METHODS This prospective study was done on all EPN patients admitted to our hospital over the past 12 years.A weighted average risk-stratification index was calculated for each of the three groups,mortality risk was calculated for each of the NEWS 2 scores,and the need for intervention for each of the three groups was calculated.The NEWS 2 score was subsequently modified with 0-6,7-14 and 15-20 scores included in groups 1,2 and 3,respectively.RESULTS A total of 171 patients with EPN were included in the study,with a predominant association with diabetes(90.6%)and a female-to-male ratio of 1.5:1.The combined prognostic scoring of the three groups was 10.7,13.0,and 21.9,respectively(P<0.01).All patients managed conservatively belonged to group 1(P<0.01).Eight patients underwent early nephrectomy,with six from group 3(P<0.01).Overall mortality was 8(4.7%),with seven from group 3(87.5%).The cutoff NEWS 2 score for mortality was identified to be 15,with a sensitivity of 87.5%,specificity of 96.9%,and an overall accuracy rate of 96.5%.The area under the curve to predict mortality based on the NEWS 2 score was 0.98,with a confidence interval of(0.97,1.0)and P<0.001.CONCLUSION Modified NEWS 2(mNEWS 2)score dramatically aids in the appropriate assessment of treatment-related outcomes.MNEWS 2 scores should become the practice standard to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this dreaded illness.展开更多
At present,carbon capture and storage(CCS)is the only mature and commercialized technology capable of effectively and economically reducing greenhouse gas emissions to achieve a significant and immedi-ate impact on th...At present,carbon capture and storage(CCS)is the only mature and commercialized technology capable of effectively and economically reducing greenhouse gas emissions to achieve a significant and immedi-ate impact on the CO_(2) level on Earth.Notably,long-term geological storage of captured CO_(2) has emerged as a primary storage method,given its minimal impact on surface ecological environments and high level of safety.The integrity of CO_(2) storage wellbores can be compromised by the corrosion of steel casings and degradation of cement in supercritical CO_(2) storage environments,potentially leading to the leakage of stored CO_(2) from the sites.This critical review endeavors to establish a knowledge foundation for the cor-rosion and materials degradation associated with geological CO_(2) storage through an in-depth examina-tion and analysis of the environments,operation,and the state-of-the-art progress in research pertaining to the topic.This article discusses the physical and chemical properties of CO_(2) in its supercrit-ical phase during injection and storage.It then introduces the principle of geological CO_(2) storage,consid-erations in the construction of storage systems,and the unique geo-bio-chemical environment involving aqueous media and microbial communities in CO_(2) storage.After a comprehensive analysis of existing knowledge on corrosion in CO_(2) storage,including corrosion mechanisms,parametric effects,and corro-sion rate measurements,this review identifies technical gaps and puts forward potential avenues for fur-ther research in steel corrosion within geological CO_(2) storage systems.展开更多
Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduit...Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduits may be used.The ideal conduit should be flexible,resistant to kinks and lumen collapse,and provide physical cues to guide nerve regeneration.We designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align them.Subsequently,we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber lumen.The presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the fibers.The helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide stability.Our novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model,suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.展开更多
The pursuit of alternative fuel generation technologies has gained momentum due to the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels and global warming from increased CO_(2)emission.Among the proposed methods,the hydrogenation...The pursuit of alternative fuel generation technologies has gained momentum due to the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels and global warming from increased CO_(2)emission.Among the proposed methods,the hydrogenation of CO_(2)to produce marketable carbon-based products like methanol and ethanol is a practical approach that offers great potential to reduce CO_(2)emissions.Although significant volumes of methanol are currently produced from CO_(2),developing highly efficient and stable catalysts is crucial for further enhancing conversion and selectivity,thereby reducing process costs.An in-depth examination of the differences and similarities in the reaction pathways for methanol and ethanol production highlights the key factors that drive C-C coupling.Identifying these factors guides us toward developing more effective catalysts for ethanol synthesis.In this paper,we explore how different catalysts,through the production of various intermediates,can initiate the synthesis of methanol or ethanol.The catalytic mechanisms proposed by spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations,including operando X-ray methods,FTIR analysis,and DFT calculations,are summarized and presented.The following discussion explores the structural properties and composition of catalysts that influence C-C coupling and optimize the conversion rate of CO_(2)into ethanol.Lastly,the review examines recent catalysts employed for selective methanol and ethanol production,focusing on single-atom catalysts.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21822407, 21405163)the top priority program of “OneThree-Five” Strategic Planning of Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS
文摘As a promising signaling transduction approach, fluorescence polarization(FP)/fluorescence anisotropy(FA), provides a powerful quantitative tool for the rotational motion of fluorescently labeled molecules in chemical or biological homogeneous systems. Unlike fluorescence intensity, FP/FA is almost independent the concentration or quantum of fluorophores, but they are highly dependent on the size or molecular weight of the molecules or materials attached to fluorophores. Recently, significant progress in FP/FA was made, due to the introduction of some nanomaterials as FP/FA enhancers. The detection sensitivity is thus greatly improved by using nanomaterials as FP/FA enhancers, and nanomaterial-based FP/FA is currently used successfully in immunoassay, and analysis of protein, nucleic acid, small molecule and metal ion.Nanomaterial-based FP/FA provides a new kind of strategy to design fluorescent sensors and establishes innovative analytical methods. In this review, we summarize the scientific publications in the field of FP/FA sensor in recent five years, and first introduce the recent progress of FP/FA sensor based on nanomaterial. Subsequently, the various analytical applications of FP/FA based on nanomaterial are discussed. Finally, we provide perspectives on the current challenges and future prospects in this promising field.
基金the K.N.Toosi University of Technology Research Council for financial assistance
文摘Several N-alkyl/aryl-Se-alkyl/（aryl）selenocarbamates were prepared from various isocyanates and diselenides by reductive cleavage of Se-Se bond with the Zn/AIC]3 system in dry acetonitrile at 80 ℃.
基金financial funding from the Egyptian governmentthe financial funding from the NSERC Discovery grant。
文摘Combustion within small motors is key in the application-specific development of nanothermite-based micro-energetic systems. This study evaluates the performance of nanothermite mixtures in a converging-diverging nozzle and an open tube. Mixtures were prepared using nano-aluminum(n-Al),potassium perchlorate(KClO_(4)), and different carbon nanomaterials(CNMs) including graphene-oxide(GO), reduced GO, carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and nanofibers(CNFs). The mixtures were packed at different densities and ignited by laser beam. Performance was measured using thrust measurement,high-speed imaging, and computational fluid dynamics modeling, respectively. Thrust, specific impulse(ISP), volumetric impulse(ISV), as well as normalized energy were found to increase notably with CNM content. Two distinctive reaction regimes(fast and slow) were observed in combustion of low and high packing densities(20% and 55%TMD), respectively. Total impulse(IFT) and ISPwere maximized in the 5%GO/Al/KClO_4 mixture, producing 7.95 m N·s and 135.20 s respectively at 20%TMD, an improvement of 57%compared to a GO-free sample(5.05 m N·s and 85.88 s). CFD analysis of the motors over predicts the thrust generated but trends in nozzle layout and packing density agree with those observed experimentally;peak force was maximized by reducing packing density and using an open tube. The numerical force profiles fit better for the nozzle cases than the open tube scenarios due to the rapid nature of combustion. This study reveals the potential of GO in improving oxygenated salt-based nanothermites,and further demonstrates their applicability for micro-propulsion and micro-energetic applications.
基金financial support from the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B),No.21H02035KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research(Exploratory),No.21K19017+2 种基金KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas(B),No.21H05100National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.22409033 and No.22409035Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2022A1515110470.
文摘Protonic solid oxide electrolysis cells(P-SOECs)are a promising technology for water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen.However,there are still challenges related key materials and anode/electrolyte interface.P-SOECs with Zr-rich electrolyte,called Zr-rich side P-SOECs,possess high thermodynamically stability under high steam concentrations but the large reaction resistances and the current leakage,thus the inferior performances.In this study,an efficient functional interlayer Ba_(0.95)La_(0.05)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BLFZ)in-between the anode and the electrolyte is developed.The electrochemical performances of P-SOECs are greatly enhanced because the BLFZ can greatly increase the interface contact,boost anode reaction kinetics,and increase proton injection into electrolyte.As a result,the P-SOEC yields high current density of 0.83 A cm^(-2) at 600℃ in 1.3 Vamong all the reported Zr-rich side cells.This work not only offers an efficient functional interlayer for P-SOECs but also holds the potential to achieve P-SOECs with high performances and long-term stability.
基金supported by MICIU(grant number PID2021-128133NB-100/AEI/FEDER10.13039/501100011033 to JMHG)by the National Institutes of Health(grant number R01 NS083858 to SAK)+1 种基金the Intramural Grants Program IGPP00057(to SAK)VIC enjoys a FPU contract from the Comunidad de Madrid(PIPF-2022/SAL-GL-25948)。
文摘The involvement of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in ce rebral ischemia and excitotoxicity is well-documented.Nevertheless,the role of non-excitatory amino acids in brain damage following a stroke or brain trauma remains largely understudied.The release of amino acids by necrotic cells in the ischemic core may contribute to the expansion of the penumbra.Our findings indicated that the reversible loss of field excitato ry postsynaptic potentials caused by transient hypoxia became irreversible when exposed to a mixture of just four non-excitatory amino acids(L-alanine,glycine,L-glutamine,and L-serine)at their plasma concentrations.These amino acids induce swelling in the somas of neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia,along with permanent dendritic damage mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.Blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors prevented neuronal damage in the presence of these amino acids during hypoxia.It is likely that astroglial swelling caused by the accumulation of these amino acids via the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 exchanger and system N transporters activates volume-regulated anion channels,leading to the release of excitotoxins and subsequent neuronal damage through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation.Thus,previously unrecognized mechanisms involving non-excitatory amino acids may contribute to the progression and expansion of brain injury in neurological emergencies such as stroke and traumatic brain injury.Understanding these pathways co uld highlight new therapeutic targets to mitigate brain injury.
文摘Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.
文摘BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(MOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic implications and longterm management strategies.Vascular and metabolic factors are being thought to play a role in such autoimmune neuro-inflammatory disorders,apart from the obvious immune mediated damage.With the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to pick up on these subclinical macular microvascular and structural changes.AIM To study the macular microvascular and structural changes on OCTA in atypical optic neuritis.METHODS This observational cross-sectional study involved 8 NMOSD and 17 MOGAD patients,diagnosed serologically,as well as 10 healthy controls.Macular vascular density(MVD)and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer thickness(GCIPL)were studied using OCTA.RESULTS There was a significant reduction in MVD in NMOSD and MOGAD affected as well as unaffected eyes when compared with healthy controls.NMOSD and MOGAD affected eyes had significant GCIPL thinning compared with healthy controls.NMOSD unaffected eyes did not show significant GCIPL thinning compared to healthy controls in contrast to MOGAD unaffected eyes.On comparing NMOSD with MOGAD,there was no significant difference in terms of MVD or GCIPL in the affected or unaffected eyes.CONCLUSION Although significant microvascular and structural changes are present on OCTA between atypical optic neuritis and normal patients,they could not help in differentiating between NMOSD and MOGAD cases.
文摘For environmental applications,it is crucial to rationally design and synthesize photocatalysts with positive exciton splitting and interfacial charge transfer.Here,a novel Agbridged dual Z-scheme Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)/CoNi-LDH plasmonic heterojunction was successfully synthesized using a simple method,with the goal of overcoming the common drawbacks of traditional photocatalysts such as weak photoresponsivity,rapid combination of photogenerated carriers,and unstable structure.These materials were characterized by XRD,FT-IR,SEM,TEM UV-Vis/DRS,and XPS to verify the structure and stability of the heterostructure.The pristine LDH,g-C_(3)N_(4),and Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)/CoNi-LDH composite were investigated as photocatalysts for water remediation,an environmentally motivated process.Specifically,the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline was studied as a model reaction.The performance of the supports and composite catalyst were determined by evaluating both the degradation and adsorption phenomenon.The influence of several experimental parameters such as catalyst loading,pH,and tetracycline concentrationwere evaluated.The current study provides important data for water treatment and similar environmental protection applications.
基金financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)(No.PID20211234690BI00)the European Joint Program EJP_Soil(TRACE-Soils)(No.862695)+1 种基金the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(RED2018-102624TMCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)the Project PREPSOIL European Union(No.101070045,HORIZON CSA)。
文摘Whilst phosphorus(P)in soil is considered to be abundant,the portion available for plant uptake constitutes less than 1%of the overall P present.To enhance crop productivity,the utilization of mineral P fertilizers has become pervasive in agriculture.Nonetheless,the escalating prices of chemical fertilizers,coupled with new European regulations prohibiting the use of P fertilizers containing cadmium,have highlighted the urgency to identify environmentally friendly products and practices for P fertilization in agricultural soils.This comprehensive review delves into the current landscape of P fertilization from agricultural,political,and economic standpoints.We recognize the potential of microbes in mobilizing P,but emphasize the necessity for more robust research to establish their effectiveness in promoting plant P uptake under real-world conditions.Additionally,we explore the role of agricultural conservation practices,such as optimal tillage,diversified cropping systems,and increased organic carbon input,in conserving P.Furthermore,this review contemplates forthcoming innovations in research.These innovations encompass the development of enhanced formulations for biofertilizers and the undertaking of more comprehensive studies within the realm of conservation agriculture.All these endeavors collectively hold the potential to augment P accessibility to plants in a sustainable manner,thereby advancing agricultural sustainability and productivity.
文摘BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle alterations(SMAs)are being increasingly recognized in patients with metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and appear to be associated with deleterious outcomes in these patients.However,their actual prevalence and pathophysiology remain to be elucidated.AIM To determine the prevalence of SMAs and to assess the significance of circulating myokines as biomarkers in patients with MASLD.METHODS Skeletal muscle strength and muscle mass were measured in a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 62 patients fulfilling MASLD criteria,recruited from the outpatient clinics of a tertiary level hospital.The degree of fibrosis and liver steatosis was studied using abdominal ultrasound and transitional elastography.Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics as well as serum levels of different myokines were also determined in the MASLD cohort.Statistical analysis was performed comparing results according to liver fibrosis and steatosis.RESULTS No significant differences were found in both skeletal muscle strength and skeletal muscle mass in patients with MASLD between different stages of liver fibrosis.Interestingly,serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF21)were significantly higher in patients with MASLD with advanced hepatic fibrosis(F3-F4)than in those with lower fibrosis stages(F0-F2)(197.49±198.27 pg/mL vs 95.62±83.67 pg/mL;P=0.049).In addition,patients with MASLD with severe hepatosteatosis(S3)exhibited significantly higher serum levels of irisin(1116.87±1161.86 pg/mL)than those with lower grades(S1-S2)(385.21±375.98 pg/mL;P=0.001).CONCLUSION SMAs were uncommon in the patients with MASLD studied.Higher serum levels of irisin and FGF21 were detected in patients with advanced liver steatosis and fibrosis,respectively,with potential implications as biomarkers.
文摘In this editorial,we reviewed the article by Fadlallah et al that was recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The article provided a comprehensive and in-depth view of the management and treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC),one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.The article analyzed the therapeutic modalities and their sequencing,focusing on total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.It highlighted the role of immunotherapy in tumors with high microsatellite instability or deficient mismatch repair,addressing recent advances that have improved prognosis and therapeutic response in localized and metastatic CRC.Innovations in surgical techniques,advanced radiotherapy,and systemic agents targeting specific mutational profiles are also discussed,reflecting on how they revolutionized clinical management.Circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a promising tool for detecting minimal residual disease,prognosis,and therapeutic monitoring,solidifying its role in precision oncology.This review emphasized the importance of technological and therapeutic advancements in improving clinical outcomes and personalizing CRC treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Emphysematous pyelonephritis(EPN)is a life-threatening necrotizing renal parenchyma infection characterized by gas formation due to severe bacterial infection,predominantly affecting diabetic and immunocompromised patients.It carries high morbidity and mortality,requiring early diagnosis and timely intervention.Various prognostic scoring systems help in triaging critically ill patients.The National Early Warning Score 2(NEWS 2)scoring system is a widely used physiological assessment tool that evaluates clinical deterioration based on vital parameters,but its standard form lacks specificity for risk stratification in EPN,necessitating modifications to improve treatment decisionmaking and prognostic accuracy in this critical condition.AIM To highlight the need to modify the NEWS 2 score to enable more intense monitoring and better treatment outcomes.METHODS This prospective study was done on all EPN patients admitted to our hospital over the past 12 years.A weighted average risk-stratification index was calculated for each of the three groups,mortality risk was calculated for each of the NEWS 2 scores,and the need for intervention for each of the three groups was calculated.The NEWS 2 score was subsequently modified with 0-6,7-14 and 15-20 scores included in groups 1,2 and 3,respectively.RESULTS A total of 171 patients with EPN were included in the study,with a predominant association with diabetes(90.6%)and a female-to-male ratio of 1.5:1.The combined prognostic scoring of the three groups was 10.7,13.0,and 21.9,respectively(P<0.01).All patients managed conservatively belonged to group 1(P<0.01).Eight patients underwent early nephrectomy,with six from group 3(P<0.01).Overall mortality was 8(4.7%),with seven from group 3(87.5%).The cutoff NEWS 2 score for mortality was identified to be 15,with a sensitivity of 87.5%,specificity of 96.9%,and an overall accuracy rate of 96.5%.The area under the curve to predict mortality based on the NEWS 2 score was 0.98,with a confidence interval of(0.97,1.0)and P<0.001.CONCLUSION Modified NEWS 2(mNEWS 2)score dramatically aids in the appropriate assessment of treatment-related outcomes.MNEWS 2 scores should become the practice standard to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this dreaded illness.
文摘At present,carbon capture and storage(CCS)is the only mature and commercialized technology capable of effectively and economically reducing greenhouse gas emissions to achieve a significant and immedi-ate impact on the CO_(2) level on Earth.Notably,long-term geological storage of captured CO_(2) has emerged as a primary storage method,given its minimal impact on surface ecological environments and high level of safety.The integrity of CO_(2) storage wellbores can be compromised by the corrosion of steel casings and degradation of cement in supercritical CO_(2) storage environments,potentially leading to the leakage of stored CO_(2) from the sites.This critical review endeavors to establish a knowledge foundation for the cor-rosion and materials degradation associated with geological CO_(2) storage through an in-depth examina-tion and analysis of the environments,operation,and the state-of-the-art progress in research pertaining to the topic.This article discusses the physical and chemical properties of CO_(2) in its supercrit-ical phase during injection and storage.It then introduces the principle of geological CO_(2) storage,consid-erations in the construction of storage systems,and the unique geo-bio-chemical environment involving aqueous media and microbial communities in CO_(2) storage.After a comprehensive analysis of existing knowledge on corrosion in CO_(2) storage,including corrosion mechanisms,parametric effects,and corro-sion rate measurements,this review identifies technical gaps and puts forward potential avenues for fur-ther research in steel corrosion within geological CO_(2) storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82202718the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.L212050the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Nos.2019M664007,2021T140793(all to ZL)。
文摘Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduits may be used.The ideal conduit should be flexible,resistant to kinks and lumen collapse,and provide physical cues to guide nerve regeneration.We designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align them.Subsequently,we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber lumen.The presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the fibers.The helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide stability.Our novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model,suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.
基金the Canadian NRCan OERD Energy Innovation Programthe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,and the Carbon Solution Program for their financial support.
文摘The pursuit of alternative fuel generation technologies has gained momentum due to the diminishing reserves of fossil fuels and global warming from increased CO_(2)emission.Among the proposed methods,the hydrogenation of CO_(2)to produce marketable carbon-based products like methanol and ethanol is a practical approach that offers great potential to reduce CO_(2)emissions.Although significant volumes of methanol are currently produced from CO_(2),developing highly efficient and stable catalysts is crucial for further enhancing conversion and selectivity,thereby reducing process costs.An in-depth examination of the differences and similarities in the reaction pathways for methanol and ethanol production highlights the key factors that drive C-C coupling.Identifying these factors guides us toward developing more effective catalysts for ethanol synthesis.In this paper,we explore how different catalysts,through the production of various intermediates,can initiate the synthesis of methanol or ethanol.The catalytic mechanisms proposed by spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations,including operando X-ray methods,FTIR analysis,and DFT calculations,are summarized and presented.The following discussion explores the structural properties and composition of catalysts that influence C-C coupling and optimize the conversion rate of CO_(2)into ethanol.Lastly,the review examines recent catalysts employed for selective methanol and ethanol production,focusing on single-atom catalysts.
