The identification of new and even more precise technologies for modifying and manipulating the genome has been a challenge since the discovery of the DNA double helix.The ability to modify selectively specific genes ...The identification of new and even more precise technologies for modifying and manipulating the genome has been a challenge since the discovery of the DNA double helix.The ability to modify selectively specific genes provides a powerful tool for characterizing gene functions,performing gene therapy,correcting specific genetic mutations,eradicating diseases,engineering cells and organisms to achieve new and different functions and obtaining transgenic animals as models for studying specific diseases.Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/Cas9 technology has recently revolutionized genome engineering.The application of this new technology to stem cell research allows disease models to be developed to explore new therapeutic tools.The possibility of translating new systems of molecular knowledge to clinical research is particularly appealing for addressing degenerative diseases.In this review,we describe several applications of CRISPR/Cas9 to stem cells related to degenerative diseases.In addition,we address the challenges and future perspectives regarding the use of CRISPR/Cas9 as an important technology in the medical sciences.展开更多
Background: One of the goals for training in judo is to mimic real situations. In subsaharian countries;there is a lack of knowledge considering relation between category of weight and threshold maximum oxidation of l...Background: One of the goals for training in judo is to mimic real situations. In subsaharian countries;there is a lack of knowledge considering relation between category of weight and threshold maximum oxidation of lipids. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of category of weight on lipoxmax and to identify the zones of target intensities corresponding to lipoxmax. Materials and Methods:Twenty four male well-training judoists, divided in two groups according to weight, were evaluated during calorimetry effort’ test. For this situation, cardiorespiratory parameters (HR, VO2, VO2max), blood parameter (lactatemia), anthropometric variables and zones of target corresponding to lipox were evaluated. For statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilks test was used to compare all the data and differences were confirmed by one-way variance. Results: No significant differences were observed among two groups for target intensities to lipox. The judoists of group 1 were aged to 24.1 ± 5.9 years with 1.78 ± 0.07 m versus 20.4 ± 1.6 years with 1.86 ± 0.04 m. Primary results indicated higher intensities for lipoxmax. Also, values of power (% LDC) and VO2 and were significantly higher in the judoists for group 2, with respectively: 45.3 ± 10.2 and 46.4 ± 8.6 ml/min versus 38.2 ± 7.2 and 31.3 ± 7.6 ml/min. Conclusion: High weight in judoists induces high intensities of lipoxmax and change oxidation of lipids markers following training.展开更多
Wide skis are the most popular ski sold in the United States and are skied routinely in all types of terrain,especially by young skiers.This study investigated the influence of slalom(SL,64 mm underfoot width)and wide...Wide skis are the most popular ski sold in the United States and are skied routinely in all types of terrain,especially by young skiers.This study investigated the influence of slalom(SL,64 mm underfoot width)and wide skis(WS,97.7 mm underfoot width)on perceptual responses,timed performance,edge inclination angles,and EMG in young alpine ski racers.Thirteen subjects,mean age 12.8±0.5 years,completed one run on each of two courses which were set to approximate the different turning radii of each ski.They completed a Likert-type questionnaire to assess components of self-efficacy after each run.EMG activity was recorded on the gluteus medius(GM),vastus lateralis,tibialis anterior and peroneus longus(PL).Per-ceptions of confidence,aggressiveness,speed,and skiing on line were significantly greater,by about 31%,for SL than WS regardless of course.Turn times were significantly less by 4% for SL than WS,peak edge inclination angle was 7%greater for SL than WS,and PL activity was 40% less for SL compared to WS.Young racers are developing skills to improve their racing techniques and are still forming technique strategies to deal with the many factors present in skiing which may disrupt learning progressions.With lower perceptual and performance responses on WS,young ski racers who ski on groomed snow with WS could be interfering with the adaptation of fundamental racing technique at a critical time in their development.展开更多
Purpose This study aimed to describe athlete workload over the course of a four-year collegiate lacrosse career.Methods Workload was evaluated each day of training and games using global positioning system microtechno...Purpose This study aimed to describe athlete workload over the course of a four-year collegiate lacrosse career.Methods Workload was evaluated each day of training and games using global positioning system microtechnology.Total workload for each athlete was calculated for each season of each year for total distance,high-intensity distance,accelerations,decelerations,and sprints.Data were tabulated as absolute and relative workloads with absolute workload representing an individual athlete and relative workload representing that athlete’s percentage of team mean workload.Results The workload of the entire lacrosse team was collected over four years containing the full career of six athletes.Across the five workload variables analyzed,athletes either maintained a workload near team mean workload or demonstrated an increase in workload towards the end of their careers.Conclusion As careers progressed,the variation in athlete workload decreased,and athletes approached the team’s average workload.Microtechnology may be useful in monitoring athlete workload over the course of a career.展开更多
文摘The identification of new and even more precise technologies for modifying and manipulating the genome has been a challenge since the discovery of the DNA double helix.The ability to modify selectively specific genes provides a powerful tool for characterizing gene functions,performing gene therapy,correcting specific genetic mutations,eradicating diseases,engineering cells and organisms to achieve new and different functions and obtaining transgenic animals as models for studying specific diseases.Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/Cas9 technology has recently revolutionized genome engineering.The application of this new technology to stem cell research allows disease models to be developed to explore new therapeutic tools.The possibility of translating new systems of molecular knowledge to clinical research is particularly appealing for addressing degenerative diseases.In this review,we describe several applications of CRISPR/Cas9 to stem cells related to degenerative diseases.In addition,we address the challenges and future perspectives regarding the use of CRISPR/Cas9 as an important technology in the medical sciences.
文摘Background: One of the goals for training in judo is to mimic real situations. In subsaharian countries;there is a lack of knowledge considering relation between category of weight and threshold maximum oxidation of lipids. Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of category of weight on lipoxmax and to identify the zones of target intensities corresponding to lipoxmax. Materials and Methods:Twenty four male well-training judoists, divided in two groups according to weight, were evaluated during calorimetry effort’ test. For this situation, cardiorespiratory parameters (HR, VO2, VO2max), blood parameter (lactatemia), anthropometric variables and zones of target corresponding to lipox were evaluated. For statistical analysis, Shapiro-Wilks test was used to compare all the data and differences were confirmed by one-way variance. Results: No significant differences were observed among two groups for target intensities to lipox. The judoists of group 1 were aged to 24.1 ± 5.9 years with 1.78 ± 0.07 m versus 20.4 ± 1.6 years with 1.86 ± 0.04 m. Primary results indicated higher intensities for lipoxmax. Also, values of power (% LDC) and VO2 and were significantly higher in the judoists for group 2, with respectively: 45.3 ± 10.2 and 46.4 ± 8.6 ml/min versus 38.2 ± 7.2 and 31.3 ± 7.6 ml/min. Conclusion: High weight in judoists induces high intensities of lipoxmax and change oxidation of lipids markers following training.
文摘Wide skis are the most popular ski sold in the United States and are skied routinely in all types of terrain,especially by young skiers.This study investigated the influence of slalom(SL,64 mm underfoot width)and wide skis(WS,97.7 mm underfoot width)on perceptual responses,timed performance,edge inclination angles,and EMG in young alpine ski racers.Thirteen subjects,mean age 12.8±0.5 years,completed one run on each of two courses which were set to approximate the different turning radii of each ski.They completed a Likert-type questionnaire to assess components of self-efficacy after each run.EMG activity was recorded on the gluteus medius(GM),vastus lateralis,tibialis anterior and peroneus longus(PL).Per-ceptions of confidence,aggressiveness,speed,and skiing on line were significantly greater,by about 31%,for SL than WS regardless of course.Turn times were significantly less by 4% for SL than WS,peak edge inclination angle was 7%greater for SL than WS,and PL activity was 40% less for SL compared to WS.Young racers are developing skills to improve their racing techniques and are still forming technique strategies to deal with the many factors present in skiing which may disrupt learning progressions.With lower perceptual and performance responses on WS,young ski racers who ski on groomed snow with WS could be interfering with the adaptation of fundamental racing technique at a critical time in their development.
文摘Purpose This study aimed to describe athlete workload over the course of a four-year collegiate lacrosse career.Methods Workload was evaluated each day of training and games using global positioning system microtechnology.Total workload for each athlete was calculated for each season of each year for total distance,high-intensity distance,accelerations,decelerations,and sprints.Data were tabulated as absolute and relative workloads with absolute workload representing an individual athlete and relative workload representing that athlete’s percentage of team mean workload.Results The workload of the entire lacrosse team was collected over four years containing the full career of six athletes.Across the five workload variables analyzed,athletes either maintained a workload near team mean workload or demonstrated an increase in workload towards the end of their careers.Conclusion As careers progressed,the variation in athlete workload decreased,and athletes approached the team’s average workload.Microtechnology may be useful in monitoring athlete workload over the course of a career.
