The article reviews the history and scientific contributions of the soil zoology school at Moscow Pedagogical State University,founded by Academician Mercury Sergeevich Gilyarov and led by Professor Nina Mikhailovna C...The article reviews the history and scientific contributions of the soil zoology school at Moscow Pedagogical State University,founded by Academician Mercury Sergeevich Gilyarov and led by Professor Nina Mikhailovna Chernova.A key theoretical contribution from this school was the development of succession theory,which describes changes in soil invertebrate communities during plant litter decomposition.The school’s primary research focus has been on soil microarthropods,particularly springtails(Collembola)and mites—groups that are crucial for soil fertility and bioindication yet remain understudied.We trace the school’s progress in the taxonomy,faunistic studies,and ecology of soil invertebrates,emphasizing its foundation in field studies and laboratory experiments.Though its development was further strengthened through national and international collaborations,many of N.M.Chernova’s seminal ideas are not widely known outside Russia due to language barriers and limited access to publications.Her students continue to address this issue while advancing the study of soil zoology,ecology,and its history.展开更多
Enteric viruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis （AGE） in young children and a significant public health problem globally. Hospital admissions of children under 5 years of age with diarrhea are pri...Enteric viruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis （AGE） in young children and a significant public health problem globally. Hospital admissions of children under 5 years of age with diarrhea are primarily associated with group A rotavirus （RVA） infection. In this retrospective study, the population structure of viruses linked to AGE etiology in young children hospitalized with AGE in Moscow was evaluated, and molecular characterization of RYA strains was performed. Fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old hospitalized with AGE between 2009 and 2014 in Moscow, Russia. Multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to detect enteric viruses and for G/[P]-genotyping of isolated RVAs. Sequencing of RVA VP7 and VP4 cDNA fragments was used to validate the data obtained by PCR- genotyping. The main causes for hospitalization of children with AGE were RVA （40.1%）, followed by noroviruses （11.4%）, while adenoviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses, and orthoreoviruses were detected in 4.7%, 1.9%, 1.4%, 1.2%, and 0.2% of samples tested, respectively. Nosocomial infections, predominantly associated with RVAs and noroviruses, were detected in 24.8% of cases and occurred significantly more frequently in younger infants. The predominant RVA genotype was G4P[8], detected in 38.7% of RVA-positive cases, whereas genotypes G1P[8], G9P[8], G3P[8], and G2P[4] were found in 11.8%, 6.6%, 4.2%, and 3.3% of cases, respectively. Together, the presence of circulating RVA strains with rare VP7 and VP4 gene variants （G6 and P[9]） highlights the need to conduct continuous epidemiological monitoring of RVA infection.展开更多
Algal-cyanobacterial communities, soil nano- and microfauna, and mycelium of micromycetes were studied in soils of an administrative district of Moscow. To characterize the habitat conditions of microbiota in the soil...Algal-cyanobacterial communities, soil nano- and microfauna, and mycelium of micromycetes were studied in soils of an administrative district of Moscow. To characterize the habitat conditions of microbiota in the soils of different functional zones of the city, the acid-base conditions and the contents of exchangeable and water-soluble nitrogen, mobile heavy metals, and soluble salts were determined. The diversity of species of algal-cyanobacterial communities, the composition of the dominant species, the proportions of different ecological groups of diatom algae, the diversity of soil nano- and microfauna, and the abundance of colorless and colored mycelium in the urban soils were characterized. The analysis of these parameters showed that the degree of technogenic impact on soil microbiota decreases in the following sequence of functional zones of the city: industrial > traffic > residential > recreation.展开更多
The paper deals the popular news-talk radio station ＂Echo of Moscow＂ which is one of the most interesting and successful one in Moscow FM range. It provides thorough analysis of different previous and nowadays progr...The paper deals the popular news-talk radio station ＂Echo of Moscow＂ which is one of the most interesting and successful one in Moscow FM range. It provides thorough analysis of different previous and nowadays programs and web projects in comparison with main multimedia sphere trends. A particular attention is paid to ＂Echo of Moscow＂ web page as multimedia portal strongly packed with different functions such as its integration with social nets.展开更多
This paper presents some results of sustainable urban-planning development in Moscow Capital Region. Moscow City and Moscow Region （Moscow Oblast） are the parts of the Moscow Capital Region. According to the Constit...This paper presents some results of sustainable urban-planning development in Moscow Capital Region. Moscow City and Moscow Region （Moscow Oblast） are the parts of the Moscow Capital Region. According to the Constitution of Russia, adopted in December 1993, Moscow Region and Moscow City are two independent federal subjects of Russian Federation. The sustainable development of Moscow City and Moscow Region as an integrated regional economic and natural complex which plays the most important part in Russia＇s economy must be based on the integrated solution to the problems of environmental protection, social equity, and economic feasibility. The latest initiative of Russian Government concerns the creation of the Greater Moscow within the new borders of Moscow. Making the decision on the extension of the city limits and stimulation of the Moscow Agglomeration development provides the real way of resolution of the accumulated problems and provides enormous impetus to the sustainable development. The key task of the environmentally sound development of the Greater Moscow is to relieve the historical center of Moscow City; maintain the rational balance of built-up areas, natural and rural landscapes; ensure joint control of the urban development and economic activity; and create the favorable environment for the population.展开更多
The results of a survey of different population groups in urban areas of the Moscow Region (industry workers, residents of areas with increased anthropogenic load of mercury and conditionally pristine areas, cohorts o...The results of a survey of different population groups in urban areas of the Moscow Region (industry workers, residents of areas with increased anthropogenic load of mercury and conditionally pristine areas, cohorts of pregnant women and children) to assess the contents of mercury in samples of various diagnostic biomaterials taken during the course of research are presented. Mercury concentrations in venous and umbilical cord blood, urine, hair, and nails were determined by means of instrumental neutron activation analysis and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Peculiarities of selection, transportation, storage, and preparation for analysis of samples of hair, nails, urine and umbilical venous blood are described. The determined concentrations of mercury in the studied diagnostic biomaterials are compared with normal and thresholds values. Although increased mercury concentrations were observed in some cases, no significant exposure of mercury was evident in general in the study towns. A positive correlation between the degree of consumption of seafood during pregnancy and a high content of mercury in the analyzed diagnostic biomaterials was shown.展开更多
The typology of Ptolemaic royal sculpture has served as a theme of research for a number of scholars who have managed to achieve impressive results:two fundamental works must be mentioned.The earlier is Bildnisse der ...The typology of Ptolemaic royal sculpture has served as a theme of research for a number of scholars who have managed to achieve impressive results:two fundamental works must be mentioned.The earlier is Bildnisse der Ptolemaer by H.Kyrieleis,which established a convincing correspondence between the well-attributed images of the Ptolemaic kings on their coins and their mostly uninscribed sculpted images.'The history of the research reveals that although the corpus of Ptolemaic sculpture gradually expanded,due to new finds and new publications,challenges to specific attributions proposed by Kyrieleis often proved to be a failure?A later work deserving a special mention is Portraits of the Ptolemies by P.E.Stanwick,which proposed a well-founded scheme for the evolution of the Ptolemaic royal sculpture dividing it into nine groups(Groups A-E,G making a chronological sequence,Groups F,H-J uncertain and miscellaneous)'Quite expectedly,a problematic issue is the ultimate motive and final result of shifting from one such group to another:a grouping of objects is largely a formal task,and a scholar performing it is unlikely to concentrate simultaneously on the variety of political,ideological,and religious factors that could lie behind the emergence of the groups indicated.The present article aims to offer a tentative explanation for the shift in the style of Ptolemaic sculpture that took place at the cusp of the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC,i.e.,the transition between Stanwick's "Group A"and "Group B."展开更多
This paper describes principles, methods and results of a large-scale （1： 25,000） structural-geodynamic mapping of Moscow territory. Neotectonic structures of different ranks--elevations and depressions, lineaments...This paper describes principles, methods and results of a large-scale （1： 25,000） structural-geodynamic mapping of Moscow territory. Neotectonic structures of different ranks--elevations and depressions, lineaments and GDAZ （geodynamic active zones） are presented on the map. Geodynamic active zones are linear or isometric crust volumes of different scales that localized spatially, where conditions for tectonic stress concentration and relaxation, and high gradients of movements and rocks deformity are favorable by different reasons. They differ from active faults, which are rare on geodynamic-stable platform territories, by absence of noticeable displacements in rocks and a more geodynamic stability. Nevertheless, GDAZ can be hazard to engineering buildings, since these zones are favorable for developing exogenous （such as erosion, impoundment, karst, sliding, etc.） and endogenous geological processes （such as seismicity, water-fluid permeability and heat flux）. They can also become migration and localization channels of nature-anthropogenic pollution.展开更多
In 2018,the work of one of the leading experts in numismatics of Hellenistic Egypt Catharine C.Lorber’s Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire was out of print.This work significantly complements and,in some ways,revises the ...In 2018,the work of one of the leading experts in numismatics of Hellenistic Egypt Catharine C.Lorber’s Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire was out of print.This work significantly complements and,in some ways,revises the fundamental work of Ioannis N.Svoronos,1 supplementing it with many new details.展开更多
School-aged children and their health conditions, in particular, deficient conditions are not less note worthy than in younger children, while the recognition of present low vitamin D provision in children of all age ...School-aged children and their health conditions, in particular, deficient conditions are not less note worthy than in younger children, while the recognition of present low vitamin D provision in children of all age groups has not still resulted in implementation of mass prophylaxis of hypovitaminosis D. There are several factors on which blood concentration of 25 （OH） D--calcidiol-depends. However, it is evident that among numerous factors we should orient on several most significant and develop correction scheme for the deficient condition in every region. Aim： to assess vitamin D levels in adolescents residing in Moscow, to correct their calcidiol status based on a baseline blood concentration of the transport metabolite. Materials and methods： 769 adolescents aged 11-18 years were examined and their blood concentration of 25 （OH） D was determined. Then, 218 patients were randomized to 2 groups： the treatment group received food supplement ＂Minisun~ Vitamin D3＂ in tablets, the control group received placebo. Cholecalciferol dosage was prescribed depending on the baseline calcidiol level in patients. The study continued for 6 months, after that blood was re-withdrawn for calcidiol level. Results： low calcidiol provision was observed among school children： median 25 （OH） D was 16.3 [11.4-20.8] ng/mL, only 5.2% of patients had normal blood concentration of calcidiol. There-examination showed significant differences in vitamin D status in the treatment and control group, in the meantime, during cholecalciferol supplementation, median 25 （OH） D in patients of the treatment group was increased from 16.2 [ 12.25-19.3] ng/mL to 24.2 [21.05-26.4] ng/mL （p 〈 0.001）. Conclusions： the larger part of child population--70.6% has 25 （OH） D concentration 〈 20 ng/mL, cholecalciferol doses used in the study allow eliminating calcidiol deficiency and overcome the boundary of 20 ng/mL, but for normalization of vitamin D status in blood of adolescents residing in Moscow higher dosages shall be used which is to be confirmed by further studies.展开更多
Purpose Polytrauma is still a challenge for health care organizations.Today,the search for factors to reduce lethality continues.This study aims to describe the causes of death associated with polytrauma in 1 year.Met...Purpose Polytrauma is still a challenge for health care organizations.Today,the search for factors to reduce lethality continues.This study aims to describe the causes of death associated with polytrauma in 1 year.Methods This retrospective study analyzed autopsy data of trauma deaths in Moscow for the whole of 2017.We identified victims with polytrauma,taking into account the Berlin definition as the main inclusion criteria with penetrating and blunt trauma.Each forensic report had information about the pre-hospital and hospital stages of treatment and autopsy data.The exclusion criteria for this study were:isolated injury,forensic reports not related to the examination of entire corpses,and autopsy studies of children(<18 years old).Statistical analysis was performed according to basic principles,including a comparison of groups using the Chi-squared test with Bonferroni comparison test and Fisher's exact test.The critical level of significance(p value)in testing statistical hypotheses in this study was taken as 0.05.Results We analyzed 2337 forensic medical examinations of victims who died of trauma in Moscow in 2017,of which 41.5%(n=969)were polytrauma deaths.Most of the victims(65.4%,n=634)died on the scene,and only 30.0%were admitted to the hospital.The most frequent cause of death was bleeding(72.0%,n=698),followed by traumatic brain injury(43.8%,n=424).They accounted for the first peak(78.4%,p=0.005)of deaths,occurring in the first hours.Then these causes of death in the first peak go down in a few hours,and the second peak of mortality appears in 3–7 days(p=0.001).Conclusions This is the largest full-year autopsy study of polytrauma victims.Our data show that the main cause of polytrauma death is massive bleeding,with a lethality peak in the first hours after injury.The time distribution of polytrauma deaths has a bimodal pattern-the second period of polytrauma deaths occurs in 3–7 days.展开更多
目的基于网络药理学和动物实验探讨酸枣仁-远志药对治疗乳腺癌相关性失眠(breast cancer related insomnia,BCRI)的作用机制。方法通过TCMSP数据库、HERB数据库、DisGeNET数据库筛选酸枣仁-远志药对治疗BCRI的核心靶点;STRING数据库构...目的基于网络药理学和动物实验探讨酸枣仁-远志药对治疗乳腺癌相关性失眠(breast cancer related insomnia,BCRI)的作用机制。方法通过TCMSP数据库、HERB数据库、DisGeNET数据库筛选酸枣仁-远志药对治疗BCRI的核心靶点;STRING数据库构建酸枣仁-远志药对治疗BCRI的核心靶点蛋白互作网络图;利用Metascape平台对核心靶点进行GO及KEGG富集分析。60只小鼠分为对照组、BCRI组、酸枣仁-远志药对组、地西泮组、酸枣仁-远志药对+LY294002(PI3K抑制剂)组,每组12只。对照组小鼠仅构建乳腺癌模型,不进行慢性不可预知刺激及腹腔注射环磷酰胺处理;其他组小鼠均通过乳腺癌模型+慢性不可预知刺激+腹腔注射环磷酰胺的方法构建BCRI模型,建模成功后给药,1次/d,持续7 d。检测小鼠睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续时长;HE染色检测下丘脑病理;ELISA检测下丘脑中4-氨基丁酸(4-aminobutyric acid,GABA)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)水平;qRT-PCR检测下丘脑中脑和肌肉芳香烃受体核转运蛋白样蛋白-1(brain and muscle arnt-like 1,BMAL1)、昼夜运动输出周期蛋白(circadian locomotor output cycles kaput,CLOCK)mRNA表达;检测下丘脑中磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,p-PI3K)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(phosphorylated protein kinase B,p-AKT)蛋白。结果酸枣仁-远志药对治疗BCRI的核心靶点分别为AKT1、TP53、TNF、ALB、HIF1A、STAT3、ESR1、BCL2、HSP90AA1、CASP3、PPARG、HSP90AB1、MAPK3、TGFB1、MMP9、MTOR、CCND1。对上述17个核心靶点进行GO富集分析得到酸枣仁-远志药对治疗BCRI的细胞组分(cellular component,CC)共23条,分子功能(molecular function,MF)共47条,生物过程(biological process,BP)共211条;KEGG富集分析得到116条通路,预测PI3K/AKT通路可能是酸枣仁-远志药对治疗BCRI的的重要机制。动物实验表明,与对照组相比,BCRI组小鼠下丘脑病理损伤严重,睡眠潜伏期延长,睡眠持续时长减少,下丘脑中GABA、5-HT水平,BMAL1、CLOCK mRNA表达及p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白降低(P<0.05);与BCRI组相比,酸枣仁-远志药对组、地西泮组小鼠下丘脑病理损伤减轻,睡眠潜伏期缩短,睡眠持续时长增加,下丘脑中GABA、5-HT水平,BMAL1、CLOCK mRNA表达及p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白升高(P<0.05);LY294002逆转了酸枣仁-远志药对对BCRI小鼠下丘脑病理、神经递质及昼夜节律的影响。结论酸枣仁-远志药对能改善BCRI小鼠下丘脑病理,促进神经递质平衡,恢复昼夜节律,进而改善睡眠,且其作用机制可能与调控P13K/AKT通路有关。展开更多
文摘The article reviews the history and scientific contributions of the soil zoology school at Moscow Pedagogical State University,founded by Academician Mercury Sergeevich Gilyarov and led by Professor Nina Mikhailovna Chernova.A key theoretical contribution from this school was the development of succession theory,which describes changes in soil invertebrate communities during plant litter decomposition.The school’s primary research focus has been on soil microarthropods,particularly springtails(Collembola)and mites—groups that are crucial for soil fertility and bioindication yet remain understudied.We trace the school’s progress in the taxonomy,faunistic studies,and ecology of soil invertebrates,emphasizing its foundation in field studies and laboratory experiments.Though its development was further strengthened through national and international collaborations,many of N.M.Chernova’s seminal ideas are not widely known outside Russia due to language barriers and limited access to publications.Her students continue to address this issue while advancing the study of soil zoology,ecology,and its history.
基金RVA G/[P]-genotypes was at the expense of the Russian Science Foundation(Grant No.16-15-10332)
文摘Enteric viruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis （AGE） in young children and a significant public health problem globally. Hospital admissions of children under 5 years of age with diarrhea are primarily associated with group A rotavirus （RVA） infection. In this retrospective study, the population structure of viruses linked to AGE etiology in young children hospitalized with AGE in Moscow was evaluated, and molecular characterization of RYA strains was performed. Fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old hospitalized with AGE between 2009 and 2014 in Moscow, Russia. Multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to detect enteric viruses and for G/[P]-genotyping of isolated RVAs. Sequencing of RVA VP7 and VP4 cDNA fragments was used to validate the data obtained by PCR- genotyping. The main causes for hospitalization of children with AGE were RVA （40.1%）, followed by noroviruses （11.4%）, while adenoviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses, and orthoreoviruses were detected in 4.7%, 1.9%, 1.4%, 1.2%, and 0.2% of samples tested, respectively. Nosocomial infections, predominantly associated with RVAs and noroviruses, were detected in 24.8% of cases and occurred significantly more frequently in younger infants. The predominant RVA genotype was G4P[8], detected in 38.7% of RVA-positive cases, whereas genotypes G1P[8], G9P[8], G3P[8], and G2P[4] were found in 11.8%, 6.6%, 4.2%, and 3.3% of cases, respectively. Together, the presence of circulating RVA strains with rare VP7 and VP4 gene variants （G6 and P[9]） highlights the need to conduct continuous epidemiological monitoring of RVA infection.
文摘Algal-cyanobacterial communities, soil nano- and microfauna, and mycelium of micromycetes were studied in soils of an administrative district of Moscow. To characterize the habitat conditions of microbiota in the soils of different functional zones of the city, the acid-base conditions and the contents of exchangeable and water-soluble nitrogen, mobile heavy metals, and soluble salts were determined. The diversity of species of algal-cyanobacterial communities, the composition of the dominant species, the proportions of different ecological groups of diatom algae, the diversity of soil nano- and microfauna, and the abundance of colorless and colored mycelium in the urban soils were characterized. The analysis of these parameters showed that the degree of technogenic impact on soil microbiota decreases in the following sequence of functional zones of the city: industrial > traffic > residential > recreation.
文摘The paper deals the popular news-talk radio station ＂Echo of Moscow＂ which is one of the most interesting and successful one in Moscow FM range. It provides thorough analysis of different previous and nowadays programs and web projects in comparison with main multimedia sphere trends. A particular attention is paid to ＂Echo of Moscow＂ web page as multimedia portal strongly packed with different functions such as its integration with social nets.
文摘This paper presents some results of sustainable urban-planning development in Moscow Capital Region. Moscow City and Moscow Region （Moscow Oblast） are the parts of the Moscow Capital Region. According to the Constitution of Russia, adopted in December 1993, Moscow Region and Moscow City are two independent federal subjects of Russian Federation. The sustainable development of Moscow City and Moscow Region as an integrated regional economic and natural complex which plays the most important part in Russia＇s economy must be based on the integrated solution to the problems of environmental protection, social equity, and economic feasibility. The latest initiative of Russian Government concerns the creation of the Greater Moscow within the new borders of Moscow. Making the decision on the extension of the city limits and stimulation of the Moscow Agglomeration development provides the real way of resolution of the accumulated problems and provides enormous impetus to the sustainable development. The key task of the environmentally sound development of the Greater Moscow is to relieve the historical center of Moscow City; maintain the rational balance of built-up areas, natural and rural landscapes; ensure joint control of the urban development and economic activity; and create the favorable environment for the population.
文摘The results of a survey of different population groups in urban areas of the Moscow Region (industry workers, residents of areas with increased anthropogenic load of mercury and conditionally pristine areas, cohorts of pregnant women and children) to assess the contents of mercury in samples of various diagnostic biomaterials taken during the course of research are presented. Mercury concentrations in venous and umbilical cord blood, urine, hair, and nails were determined by means of instrumental neutron activation analysis and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Peculiarities of selection, transportation, storage, and preparation for analysis of samples of hair, nails, urine and umbilical venous blood are described. The determined concentrations of mercury in the studied diagnostic biomaterials are compared with normal and thresholds values. Although increased mercury concentrations were observed in some cases, no significant exposure of mercury was evident in general in the study towns. A positive correlation between the degree of consumption of seafood during pregnancy and a high content of mercury in the analyzed diagnostic biomaterials was shown.
基金sponsored by the Russian Science Foundation,project no.19-18-00369,The Classical Orient:culture,world-view,tradition of research in Russia(based on the monuments in the collection of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and archive sources)."。
文摘The typology of Ptolemaic royal sculpture has served as a theme of research for a number of scholars who have managed to achieve impressive results:two fundamental works must be mentioned.The earlier is Bildnisse der Ptolemaer by H.Kyrieleis,which established a convincing correspondence between the well-attributed images of the Ptolemaic kings on their coins and their mostly uninscribed sculpted images.'The history of the research reveals that although the corpus of Ptolemaic sculpture gradually expanded,due to new finds and new publications,challenges to specific attributions proposed by Kyrieleis often proved to be a failure?A later work deserving a special mention is Portraits of the Ptolemies by P.E.Stanwick,which proposed a well-founded scheme for the evolution of the Ptolemaic royal sculpture dividing it into nine groups(Groups A-E,G making a chronological sequence,Groups F,H-J uncertain and miscellaneous)'Quite expectedly,a problematic issue is the ultimate motive and final result of shifting from one such group to another:a grouping of objects is largely a formal task,and a scholar performing it is unlikely to concentrate simultaneously on the variety of political,ideological,and religious factors that could lie behind the emergence of the groups indicated.The present article aims to offer a tentative explanation for the shift in the style of Ptolemaic sculpture that took place at the cusp of the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC,i.e.,the transition between Stanwick's "Group A"and "Group B."
文摘This paper describes principles, methods and results of a large-scale （1： 25,000） structural-geodynamic mapping of Moscow territory. Neotectonic structures of different ranks--elevations and depressions, lineaments and GDAZ （geodynamic active zones） are presented on the map. Geodynamic active zones are linear or isometric crust volumes of different scales that localized spatially, where conditions for tectonic stress concentration and relaxation, and high gradients of movements and rocks deformity are favorable by different reasons. They differ from active faults, which are rare on geodynamic-stable platform territories, by absence of noticeable displacements in rocks and a more geodynamic stability. Nevertheless, GDAZ can be hazard to engineering buildings, since these zones are favorable for developing exogenous （such as erosion, impoundment, karst, sliding, etc.） and endogenous geological processes （such as seismicity, water-fluid permeability and heat flux）. They can also become migration and localization channels of nature-anthropogenic pollution.
文摘In 2018,the work of one of the leading experts in numismatics of Hellenistic Egypt Catharine C.Lorber’s Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire was out of print.This work significantly complements and,in some ways,revises the fundamental work of Ioannis N.Svoronos,1 supplementing it with many new details.
文摘School-aged children and their health conditions, in particular, deficient conditions are not less note worthy than in younger children, while the recognition of present low vitamin D provision in children of all age groups has not still resulted in implementation of mass prophylaxis of hypovitaminosis D. There are several factors on which blood concentration of 25 （OH） D--calcidiol-depends. However, it is evident that among numerous factors we should orient on several most significant and develop correction scheme for the deficient condition in every region. Aim： to assess vitamin D levels in adolescents residing in Moscow, to correct their calcidiol status based on a baseline blood concentration of the transport metabolite. Materials and methods： 769 adolescents aged 11-18 years were examined and their blood concentration of 25 （OH） D was determined. Then, 218 patients were randomized to 2 groups： the treatment group received food supplement ＂Minisun~ Vitamin D3＂ in tablets, the control group received placebo. Cholecalciferol dosage was prescribed depending on the baseline calcidiol level in patients. The study continued for 6 months, after that blood was re-withdrawn for calcidiol level. Results： low calcidiol provision was observed among school children： median 25 （OH） D was 16.3 [11.4-20.8] ng/mL, only 5.2% of patients had normal blood concentration of calcidiol. There-examination showed significant differences in vitamin D status in the treatment and control group, in the meantime, during cholecalciferol supplementation, median 25 （OH） D in patients of the treatment group was increased from 16.2 [ 12.25-19.3] ng/mL to 24.2 [21.05-26.4] ng/mL （p 〈 0.001）. Conclusions： the larger part of child population--70.6% has 25 （OH） D concentration 〈 20 ng/mL, cholecalciferol doses used in the study allow eliminating calcidiol deficiency and overcome the boundary of 20 ng/mL, but for normalization of vitamin D status in blood of adolescents residing in Moscow higher dosages shall be used which is to be confirmed by further studies.
文摘Purpose Polytrauma is still a challenge for health care organizations.Today,the search for factors to reduce lethality continues.This study aims to describe the causes of death associated with polytrauma in 1 year.Methods This retrospective study analyzed autopsy data of trauma deaths in Moscow for the whole of 2017.We identified victims with polytrauma,taking into account the Berlin definition as the main inclusion criteria with penetrating and blunt trauma.Each forensic report had information about the pre-hospital and hospital stages of treatment and autopsy data.The exclusion criteria for this study were:isolated injury,forensic reports not related to the examination of entire corpses,and autopsy studies of children(<18 years old).Statistical analysis was performed according to basic principles,including a comparison of groups using the Chi-squared test with Bonferroni comparison test and Fisher's exact test.The critical level of significance(p value)in testing statistical hypotheses in this study was taken as 0.05.Results We analyzed 2337 forensic medical examinations of victims who died of trauma in Moscow in 2017,of which 41.5%(n=969)were polytrauma deaths.Most of the victims(65.4%,n=634)died on the scene,and only 30.0%were admitted to the hospital.The most frequent cause of death was bleeding(72.0%,n=698),followed by traumatic brain injury(43.8%,n=424).They accounted for the first peak(78.4%,p=0.005)of deaths,occurring in the first hours.Then these causes of death in the first peak go down in a few hours,and the second peak of mortality appears in 3–7 days(p=0.001).Conclusions This is the largest full-year autopsy study of polytrauma victims.Our data show that the main cause of polytrauma death is massive bleeding,with a lethality peak in the first hours after injury.The time distribution of polytrauma deaths has a bimodal pattern-the second period of polytrauma deaths occurs in 3–7 days.
