Enteric viruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis （AGE） in young children and a significant public health problem globally. Hospital admissions of children under 5 years of age with diarrhea are pri...Enteric viruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis （AGE） in young children and a significant public health problem globally. Hospital admissions of children under 5 years of age with diarrhea are primarily associated with group A rotavirus （RVA） infection. In this retrospective study, the population structure of viruses linked to AGE etiology in young children hospitalized with AGE in Moscow was evaluated, and molecular characterization of RYA strains was performed. Fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old hospitalized with AGE between 2009 and 2014 in Moscow, Russia. Multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to detect enteric viruses and for G/[P]-genotyping of isolated RVAs. Sequencing of RVA VP7 and VP4 cDNA fragments was used to validate the data obtained by PCR- genotyping. The main causes for hospitalization of children with AGE were RVA （40.1%）, followed by noroviruses （11.4%）, while adenoviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses, and orthoreoviruses were detected in 4.7%, 1.9%, 1.4%, 1.2%, and 0.2% of samples tested, respectively. Nosocomial infections, predominantly associated with RVAs and noroviruses, were detected in 24.8% of cases and occurred significantly more frequently in younger infants. The predominant RVA genotype was G4P[8], detected in 38.7% of RVA-positive cases, whereas genotypes G1P[8], G9P[8], G3P[8], and G2P[4] were found in 11.8%, 6.6%, 4.2%, and 3.3% of cases, respectively. Together, the presence of circulating RVA strains with rare VP7 and VP4 gene variants （G6 and P[9]） highlights the need to conduct continuous epidemiological monitoring of RVA infection.展开更多
Algal-cyanobacterial communities, soil nano- and microfauna, and mycelium of micromycetes were studied in soils of an administrative district of Moscow. To characterize the habitat conditions of microbiota in the soil...Algal-cyanobacterial communities, soil nano- and microfauna, and mycelium of micromycetes were studied in soils of an administrative district of Moscow. To characterize the habitat conditions of microbiota in the soils of different functional zones of the city, the acid-base conditions and the contents of exchangeable and water-soluble nitrogen, mobile heavy metals, and soluble salts were determined. The diversity of species of algal-cyanobacterial communities, the composition of the dominant species, the proportions of different ecological groups of diatom algae, the diversity of soil nano- and microfauna, and the abundance of colorless and colored mycelium in the urban soils were characterized. The analysis of these parameters showed that the degree of technogenic impact on soil microbiota decreases in the following sequence of functional zones of the city: industrial > traffic > residential > recreation.展开更多
The paper deals the popular news-talk radio station ＂Echo of Moscow＂ which is one of the most interesting and successful one in Moscow FM range. It provides thorough analysis of different previous and nowadays progr...The paper deals the popular news-talk radio station ＂Echo of Moscow＂ which is one of the most interesting and successful one in Moscow FM range. It provides thorough analysis of different previous and nowadays programs and web projects in comparison with main multimedia sphere trends. A particular attention is paid to ＂Echo of Moscow＂ web page as multimedia portal strongly packed with different functions such as its integration with social nets.展开更多
This paper presents some results of sustainable urban-planning development in Moscow Capital Region. Moscow City and Moscow Region （Moscow Oblast） are the parts of the Moscow Capital Region. According to the Constit...This paper presents some results of sustainable urban-planning development in Moscow Capital Region. Moscow City and Moscow Region （Moscow Oblast） are the parts of the Moscow Capital Region. According to the Constitution of Russia, adopted in December 1993, Moscow Region and Moscow City are two independent federal subjects of Russian Federation. The sustainable development of Moscow City and Moscow Region as an integrated regional economic and natural complex which plays the most important part in Russia＇s economy must be based on the integrated solution to the problems of environmental protection, social equity, and economic feasibility. The latest initiative of Russian Government concerns the creation of the Greater Moscow within the new borders of Moscow. Making the decision on the extension of the city limits and stimulation of the Moscow Agglomeration development provides the real way of resolution of the accumulated problems and provides enormous impetus to the sustainable development. The key task of the environmentally sound development of the Greater Moscow is to relieve the historical center of Moscow City; maintain the rational balance of built-up areas, natural and rural landscapes; ensure joint control of the urban development and economic activity; and create the favorable environment for the population.展开更多
This book, devoted to the 250th anniversary of Lomonosov Moscow State University, founded in 1755, is written by the wellknown Moscow University professor and geoscientist, Academician Evgeny E. Milanovsky. The life a...This book, devoted to the 250th anniversary of Lomonosov Moscow State University, founded in 1755, is written by the wellknown Moscow University professor and geoscientist, Academician Evgeny E. Milanovsky. The life and work of the author has been connected to the University for more than six decades so that he has known many of the scientists personally, as teachers, instructors, colleagues, and friends.展开更多
The results of a survey of different population groups in urban areas of the Moscow Region (industry workers, residents of areas with increased anthropogenic load of mercury and conditionally pristine areas, cohorts o...The results of a survey of different population groups in urban areas of the Moscow Region (industry workers, residents of areas with increased anthropogenic load of mercury and conditionally pristine areas, cohorts of pregnant women and children) to assess the contents of mercury in samples of various diagnostic biomaterials taken during the course of research are presented. Mercury concentrations in venous and umbilical cord blood, urine, hair, and nails were determined by means of instrumental neutron activation analysis and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Peculiarities of selection, transportation, storage, and preparation for analysis of samples of hair, nails, urine and umbilical venous blood are described. The determined concentrations of mercury in the studied diagnostic biomaterials are compared with normal and thresholds values. Although increased mercury concentrations were observed in some cases, no significant exposure of mercury was evident in general in the study towns. A positive correlation between the degree of consumption of seafood during pregnancy and a high content of mercury in the analyzed diagnostic biomaterials was shown.展开更多
The typology of Ptolemaic royal sculpture has served as a theme of research for a number of scholars who have managed to achieve impressive results:two fundamental works must be mentioned.The earlier is Bildnisse der ...The typology of Ptolemaic royal sculpture has served as a theme of research for a number of scholars who have managed to achieve impressive results:two fundamental works must be mentioned.The earlier is Bildnisse der Ptolemaer by H.Kyrieleis,which established a convincing correspondence between the well-attributed images of the Ptolemaic kings on their coins and their mostly uninscribed sculpted images.'The history of the research reveals that although the corpus of Ptolemaic sculpture gradually expanded,due to new finds and new publications,challenges to specific attributions proposed by Kyrieleis often proved to be a failure?A later work deserving a special mention is Portraits of the Ptolemies by P.E.Stanwick,which proposed a well-founded scheme for the evolution of the Ptolemaic royal sculpture dividing it into nine groups(Groups A-E,G making a chronological sequence,Groups F,H-J uncertain and miscellaneous)'Quite expectedly,a problematic issue is the ultimate motive and final result of shifting from one such group to another:a grouping of objects is largely a formal task,and a scholar performing it is unlikely to concentrate simultaneously on the variety of political,ideological,and religious factors that could lie behind the emergence of the groups indicated.The present article aims to offer a tentative explanation for the shift in the style of Ptolemaic sculpture that took place at the cusp of the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC,i.e.,the transition between Stanwick's "Group A"and "Group B."展开更多
This paper describes principles, methods and results of a large-scale （1： 25,000） structural-geodynamic mapping of Moscow territory. Neotectonic structures of different ranks--elevations and depressions, lineaments...This paper describes principles, methods and results of a large-scale （1： 25,000） structural-geodynamic mapping of Moscow territory. Neotectonic structures of different ranks--elevations and depressions, lineaments and GDAZ （geodynamic active zones） are presented on the map. Geodynamic active zones are linear or isometric crust volumes of different scales that localized spatially, where conditions for tectonic stress concentration and relaxation, and high gradients of movements and rocks deformity are favorable by different reasons. They differ from active faults, which are rare on geodynamic-stable platform territories, by absence of noticeable displacements in rocks and a more geodynamic stability. Nevertheless, GDAZ can be hazard to engineering buildings, since these zones are favorable for developing exogenous （such as erosion, impoundment, karst, sliding, etc.） and endogenous geological processes （such as seismicity, water-fluid permeability and heat flux）. They can also become migration and localization channels of nature-anthropogenic pollution.展开更多
The 12th Quadrennial Symposium of the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits （IAGOD） was held in Moscow, Russian Federation, August 20-24, 2006. The symposium, which carried the title ＇Understandi...The 12th Quadrennial Symposium of the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits （IAGOD） was held in Moscow, Russian Federation, August 20-24, 2006. The symposium, which carried the title ＇Understanding the Genesis of Ore Deposits to meet the Demands of the 21 st Century＇, attracted about 350 participants, of which 170 came from countries outside Russia and the CIS.展开更多
In 2018,the work of one of the leading experts in numismatics of Hellenistic Egypt Catharine C.Lorber’s Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire was out of print.This work significantly complements and,in some ways,revises the ...In 2018,the work of one of the leading experts in numismatics of Hellenistic Egypt Catharine C.Lorber’s Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire was out of print.This work significantly complements and,in some ways,revises the fundamental work of Ioannis N.Svoronos,1 supplementing it with many new details.展开更多
School-aged children and their health conditions, in particular, deficient conditions are not less note worthy than in younger children, while the recognition of present low vitamin D provision in children of all age ...School-aged children and their health conditions, in particular, deficient conditions are not less note worthy than in younger children, while the recognition of present low vitamin D provision in children of all age groups has not still resulted in implementation of mass prophylaxis of hypovitaminosis D. There are several factors on which blood concentration of 25 （OH） D--calcidiol-depends. However, it is evident that among numerous factors we should orient on several most significant and develop correction scheme for the deficient condition in every region. Aim： to assess vitamin D levels in adolescents residing in Moscow, to correct their calcidiol status based on a baseline blood concentration of the transport metabolite. Materials and methods： 769 adolescents aged 11-18 years were examined and their blood concentration of 25 （OH） D was determined. Then, 218 patients were randomized to 2 groups： the treatment group received food supplement ＂Minisun~ Vitamin D3＂ in tablets, the control group received placebo. Cholecalciferol dosage was prescribed depending on the baseline calcidiol level in patients. The study continued for 6 months, after that blood was re-withdrawn for calcidiol level. Results： low calcidiol provision was observed among school children： median 25 （OH） D was 16.3 [11.4-20.8] ng/mL, only 5.2% of patients had normal blood concentration of calcidiol. There-examination showed significant differences in vitamin D status in the treatment and control group, in the meantime, during cholecalciferol supplementation, median 25 （OH） D in patients of the treatment group was increased from 16.2 [ 12.25-19.3] ng/mL to 24.2 [21.05-26.4] ng/mL （p 〈 0.001）. Conclusions： the larger part of child population--70.6% has 25 （OH） D concentration 〈 20 ng/mL, cholecalciferol doses used in the study allow eliminating calcidiol deficiency and overcome the boundary of 20 ng/mL, but for normalization of vitamin D status in blood of adolescents residing in Moscow higher dosages shall be used which is to be confirmed by further studies.展开更多
Purpose Polytrauma is still a challenge for health care organizations.Today,the search for factors to reduce lethality continues.This study aims to describe the causes of death associated with polytrauma in 1 year.Met...Purpose Polytrauma is still a challenge for health care organizations.Today,the search for factors to reduce lethality continues.This study aims to describe the causes of death associated with polytrauma in 1 year.Methods This retrospective study analyzed autopsy data of trauma deaths in Moscow for the whole of 2017.We identified victims with polytrauma,taking into account the Berlin definition as the main inclusion criteria with penetrating and blunt trauma.Each forensic report had information about the pre-hospital and hospital stages of treatment and autopsy data.The exclusion criteria for this study were:isolated injury,forensic reports not related to the examination of entire corpses,and autopsy studies of children(<18 years old).Statistical analysis was performed according to basic principles,including a comparison of groups using the Chi-squared test with Bonferroni comparison test and Fisher's exact test.The critical level of significance(p value)in testing statistical hypotheses in this study was taken as 0.05.Results We analyzed 2337 forensic medical examinations of victims who died of trauma in Moscow in 2017,of which 41.5%(n=969)were polytrauma deaths.Most of the victims(65.4%,n=634)died on the scene,and only 30.0%were admitted to the hospital.The most frequent cause of death was bleeding(72.0%,n=698),followed by traumatic brain injury(43.8%,n=424).They accounted for the first peak(78.4%,p=0.005)of deaths,occurring in the first hours.Then these causes of death in the first peak go down in a few hours,and the second peak of mortality appears in 3–7 days(p=0.001).Conclusions This is the largest full-year autopsy study of polytrauma victims.Our data show that the main cause of polytrauma death is massive bleeding,with a lethality peak in the first hours after injury.The time distribution of polytrauma deaths has a bimodal pattern-the second period of polytrauma deaths occurs in 3–7 days.展开更多
We read with the great interest the study by Ababneh et al in which inducedmesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were shown to exhibit a stronger andmore sustained anti-proliferative effect by inducing a senescence-l...We read with the great interest the study by Ababneh et al in which inducedmesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were shown to exhibit a stronger andmore sustained anti-proliferative effect by inducing a senescence-like state withoutapoptosis.The results obtained by the authors highlight the features of theeffects of senescent drift induction in surrounding tissues.In the light of thesefindings,the role of the properties of extracellular matrix and cellular glycocalyxin responses of human tumors to therapy remain uninvestigated.These extracellularbarriers appear to be significant obstacles to effective cancer therapy,especiallyin relation to the use of unique properties of tumor microenvironment forthe immunotherapy-resistant cancer treatment.展开更多
Optogenetics has revolutionized the field of neuroscience by enabling precise control of neural activity through light-sensitive proteins known as opsins.This review article discusses the fundamental principles of opt...Optogenetics has revolutionized the field of neuroscience by enabling precise control of neural activity through light-sensitive proteins known as opsins.This review article discusses the fundamental principles of optogenetics,including the activation of both excitatory and inhibitory opsins,as well as the development of optogenetic models that utilize recombinant viral vectors.A considerable portion of the article addresses the limitations of optogenetic tools and explores strategies to overcome these challenges.These strategies include the use of adeno-associated viruses,cell-specific promoters,modified opsins,and methodologies such as bioluminescent optogenetics.The application of viral recombinant vectors,particularly adeno-associated viruses,is emerging as a promising avenue for clinical use in delivering opsins to target cells.This trend indicates the potential for creating tools that offer greater flexibility and accuracy in opsin delivery.The adaptations of these viral vectors provide advantages in optogenetic studies by allowing for the restricted expression of opsins through cell-specific promoters and various viral serotypes.The article also examines different cellular targets for optogenetics,including neurons,astrocytes,microglia,and Schwann cells.Utilizing specific promoters for opsin expression in these cells is essential for achieving precise and efficient stimulation.Research has demonstrated that optogenetic stimulation of both neurons and glial cells-particularly the distinct phenotypes of microglia,astrocytes,and Schwann cells-can have therapeutic effects in neurological diseases.Glial cells are increasingly recognized as important targets for the treatment of these disorders.Furthermore,the article emphasizes the emerging field of bioluminescent optogenetics,which combines optogenetic principles with bioluminescent proteins to visualize and manipulate neural activity in real time.By integrating molecular genetics techniques with bioluminescence,researchers have developed methods to monitor neuronal activity efficiently and less invasively,enhancing our understanding of central nervous system function and the mechanisms of plasticity in neurological disorders beyond traditional neurobiological methods.Evidence has shown that optogenetic modulation can enhance motor axon regeneration,achieve complete sensory reinnervation,and accelerate the recovery of neuromuscular function.This approach also induces complex patterns of coordinated motor neuron activity and promotes neural reorganization.Optogenetic approaches hold immense potential for therapeutic interventions in the central nervous system.They enable precise control of neural circuits and may offer new treatments for neurological disorders,particularly spinal cord injuries,peripheral nerve injuries,and other neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
We read with great interest the investigation of Kang et al related the applications of the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-based predictive model for assessing chemotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer pa...We read with great interest the investigation of Kang et al related the applications of the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-based predictive model for assessing chemotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer patients with gene mutations.The authors focused on decision-making based on the integration of tumor differentiation,signal intensity ratio,margin distance,and magnetic resonance imaging-detected lymph node metastasis.Indeed,these multiparameter predictive models could also be used for diagnosis as an alternative to invasive tissue examination methods.However,progress in this field enables us to shift the paradigm to radiology biopsies,particularly given the nonlinear effects of various radiation sources.展开更多
Near-Earth objects are important not only in studying the early formation of the Solar System,but also because they pose a serious hazard to humanity when they make close approaches to the Earth.Study of their physica...Near-Earth objects are important not only in studying the early formation of the Solar System,but also because they pose a serious hazard to humanity when they make close approaches to the Earth.Study of their physical properties can provide useful information on their origin,evolution,and hazard to human beings.However,it remains challenging to investigate small,newly discovered,near-Earth objects because of our limited observational window.This investigation seeks to determine the visible colors of near-Earth asteroids(NEAs),perform an initial taxonomic classification based on visible colors and analyze possible correlations between the distribution of taxonomic classification and asteroid size or orbital parameters.Observations were performed in the broadband BVRI Johnson−Cousins photometric system,applied to images from the Yaoan High Precision Telescope and the 1.88 m telescope at the Kottamia Astronomical Observatory.We present new photometric observations of 84 near-Earth asteroids,and classify 80 of them taxonomically,based on their photometric colors.We find that nearly half(46.3%)of the objects in our sample can be classified as S-complex,26.3%as C-complex,6%as D-complex,and 15.0%as X-complex;the remaining belong to the A-or V-types.Additionally,we identify three P-type NEAs in our sample,according to the Tholen scheme.The fractional abundances of the C/X-complex members with absolute magnitude H≥17.0 were more than twice as large as those with H<17.0.However,the fractions of C-and S-complex members with diameters≤1 km and>1 km are nearly equal,while X-complex members tend to have sub-kilometer diameters.In our sample,the C/D-complex objects are predominant among those with a Jovian Tisserand parameter of T_(J)<3.1.These bodies could have a cometary origin.C-and S-complex members account for a considerable proportion of the asteroids that are potentially hazardous.展开更多
Accelerated soil erosion is a major threat to soil,and there are great variations in the rate of soil erosion over time due to natural and human-induced factors.The temperate forest zone of Russia is character-ized by...Accelerated soil erosion is a major threat to soil,and there are great variations in the rate of soil erosion over time due to natural and human-induced factors.The temperate forest zone of Russia is character-ized by complex stages of land-use history(i.e.active urbanization,agricultural development,land abandonment,etc.).We have for the first time estimated the rates of soil erosion by the WaTEM/SEDEM model(rainfall erosion)and by a regional model(snowmelt erosion)over the past 250 years(from 1780 to 2019)for a 100-km2 study site in the Moscow region of Russia.The calculations were made on the basis of a detailed historical reconstruction of the following factors:the location of the arable land,crop rotation,the rain erosivity factor,and the maximum snow water equivalent.The area of arable land has decreased more than 3.5-fold over the past 250 years.At the end of the 20th century,the rates of gross erosion had declined more than 5.5-fold(from 28×10^(3) to 5×10^(3) t·ha^(-1)yr^(-1))in comparison with the end of the 18th century.Changes in the boundaries of arable land and also the relief features had led to a significant intra-slope accumulation of sediments.As a result of sediment redeposition within the arable land,the variation in net soil erosion was significantly lower than the variation in gross soil erosion.The changes in arable land area and in crop composition are the factors that have to the greatest extent determined the changes in soil erosion in this territory.展开更多
基金RVA G/[P]-genotypes was at the expense of the Russian Science Foundation(Grant No.16-15-10332)
文摘Enteric viruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis （AGE） in young children and a significant public health problem globally. Hospital admissions of children under 5 years of age with diarrhea are primarily associated with group A rotavirus （RVA） infection. In this retrospective study, the population structure of viruses linked to AGE etiology in young children hospitalized with AGE in Moscow was evaluated, and molecular characterization of RYA strains was performed. Fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years old hospitalized with AGE between 2009 and 2014 in Moscow, Russia. Multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to detect enteric viruses and for G/[P]-genotyping of isolated RVAs. Sequencing of RVA VP7 and VP4 cDNA fragments was used to validate the data obtained by PCR- genotyping. The main causes for hospitalization of children with AGE were RVA （40.1%）, followed by noroviruses （11.4%）, while adenoviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses, and orthoreoviruses were detected in 4.7%, 1.9%, 1.4%, 1.2%, and 0.2% of samples tested, respectively. Nosocomial infections, predominantly associated with RVAs and noroviruses, were detected in 24.8% of cases and occurred significantly more frequently in younger infants. The predominant RVA genotype was G4P[8], detected in 38.7% of RVA-positive cases, whereas genotypes G1P[8], G9P[8], G3P[8], and G2P[4] were found in 11.8%, 6.6%, 4.2%, and 3.3% of cases, respectively. Together, the presence of circulating RVA strains with rare VP7 and VP4 gene variants （G6 and P[9]） highlights the need to conduct continuous epidemiological monitoring of RVA infection.
文摘Algal-cyanobacterial communities, soil nano- and microfauna, and mycelium of micromycetes were studied in soils of an administrative district of Moscow. To characterize the habitat conditions of microbiota in the soils of different functional zones of the city, the acid-base conditions and the contents of exchangeable and water-soluble nitrogen, mobile heavy metals, and soluble salts were determined. The diversity of species of algal-cyanobacterial communities, the composition of the dominant species, the proportions of different ecological groups of diatom algae, the diversity of soil nano- and microfauna, and the abundance of colorless and colored mycelium in the urban soils were characterized. The analysis of these parameters showed that the degree of technogenic impact on soil microbiota decreases in the following sequence of functional zones of the city: industrial > traffic > residential > recreation.
文摘The paper deals the popular news-talk radio station ＂Echo of Moscow＂ which is one of the most interesting and successful one in Moscow FM range. It provides thorough analysis of different previous and nowadays programs and web projects in comparison with main multimedia sphere trends. A particular attention is paid to ＂Echo of Moscow＂ web page as multimedia portal strongly packed with different functions such as its integration with social nets.
文摘This paper presents some results of sustainable urban-planning development in Moscow Capital Region. Moscow City and Moscow Region （Moscow Oblast） are the parts of the Moscow Capital Region. According to the Constitution of Russia, adopted in December 1993, Moscow Region and Moscow City are two independent federal subjects of Russian Federation. The sustainable development of Moscow City and Moscow Region as an integrated regional economic and natural complex which plays the most important part in Russia＇s economy must be based on the integrated solution to the problems of environmental protection, social equity, and economic feasibility. The latest initiative of Russian Government concerns the creation of the Greater Moscow within the new borders of Moscow. Making the decision on the extension of the city limits and stimulation of the Moscow Agglomeration development provides the real way of resolution of the accumulated problems and provides enormous impetus to the sustainable development. The key task of the environmentally sound development of the Greater Moscow is to relieve the historical center of Moscow City; maintain the rational balance of built-up areas, natural and rural landscapes; ensure joint control of the urban development and economic activity; and create the favorable environment for the population.
文摘This book, devoted to the 250th anniversary of Lomonosov Moscow State University, founded in 1755, is written by the wellknown Moscow University professor and geoscientist, Academician Evgeny E. Milanovsky. The life and work of the author has been connected to the University for more than six decades so that he has known many of the scientists personally, as teachers, instructors, colleagues, and friends.
文摘The results of a survey of different population groups in urban areas of the Moscow Region (industry workers, residents of areas with increased anthropogenic load of mercury and conditionally pristine areas, cohorts of pregnant women and children) to assess the contents of mercury in samples of various diagnostic biomaterials taken during the course of research are presented. Mercury concentrations in venous and umbilical cord blood, urine, hair, and nails were determined by means of instrumental neutron activation analysis and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Peculiarities of selection, transportation, storage, and preparation for analysis of samples of hair, nails, urine and umbilical venous blood are described. The determined concentrations of mercury in the studied diagnostic biomaterials are compared with normal and thresholds values. Although increased mercury concentrations were observed in some cases, no significant exposure of mercury was evident in general in the study towns. A positive correlation between the degree of consumption of seafood during pregnancy and a high content of mercury in the analyzed diagnostic biomaterials was shown.
基金sponsored by the Russian Science Foundation,project no.19-18-00369,The Classical Orient:culture,world-view,tradition of research in Russia(based on the monuments in the collection of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and archive sources)."。
文摘The typology of Ptolemaic royal sculpture has served as a theme of research for a number of scholars who have managed to achieve impressive results:two fundamental works must be mentioned.The earlier is Bildnisse der Ptolemaer by H.Kyrieleis,which established a convincing correspondence between the well-attributed images of the Ptolemaic kings on their coins and their mostly uninscribed sculpted images.'The history of the research reveals that although the corpus of Ptolemaic sculpture gradually expanded,due to new finds and new publications,challenges to specific attributions proposed by Kyrieleis often proved to be a failure?A later work deserving a special mention is Portraits of the Ptolemies by P.E.Stanwick,which proposed a well-founded scheme for the evolution of the Ptolemaic royal sculpture dividing it into nine groups(Groups A-E,G making a chronological sequence,Groups F,H-J uncertain and miscellaneous)'Quite expectedly,a problematic issue is the ultimate motive and final result of shifting from one such group to another:a grouping of objects is largely a formal task,and a scholar performing it is unlikely to concentrate simultaneously on the variety of political,ideological,and religious factors that could lie behind the emergence of the groups indicated.The present article aims to offer a tentative explanation for the shift in the style of Ptolemaic sculpture that took place at the cusp of the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC,i.e.,the transition between Stanwick's "Group A"and "Group B."
文摘This paper describes principles, methods and results of a large-scale （1： 25,000） structural-geodynamic mapping of Moscow territory. Neotectonic structures of different ranks--elevations and depressions, lineaments and GDAZ （geodynamic active zones） are presented on the map. Geodynamic active zones are linear or isometric crust volumes of different scales that localized spatially, where conditions for tectonic stress concentration and relaxation, and high gradients of movements and rocks deformity are favorable by different reasons. They differ from active faults, which are rare on geodynamic-stable platform territories, by absence of noticeable displacements in rocks and a more geodynamic stability. Nevertheless, GDAZ can be hazard to engineering buildings, since these zones are favorable for developing exogenous （such as erosion, impoundment, karst, sliding, etc.） and endogenous geological processes （such as seismicity, water-fluid permeability and heat flux）. They can also become migration and localization channels of nature-anthropogenic pollution.
文摘The 12th Quadrennial Symposium of the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits （IAGOD） was held in Moscow, Russian Federation, August 20-24, 2006. The symposium, which carried the title ＇Understanding the Genesis of Ore Deposits to meet the Demands of the 21 st Century＇, attracted about 350 participants, of which 170 came from countries outside Russia and the CIS.
文摘In 2018,the work of one of the leading experts in numismatics of Hellenistic Egypt Catharine C.Lorber’s Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire was out of print.This work significantly complements and,in some ways,revises the fundamental work of Ioannis N.Svoronos,1 supplementing it with many new details.
文摘School-aged children and their health conditions, in particular, deficient conditions are not less note worthy than in younger children, while the recognition of present low vitamin D provision in children of all age groups has not still resulted in implementation of mass prophylaxis of hypovitaminosis D. There are several factors on which blood concentration of 25 （OH） D--calcidiol-depends. However, it is evident that among numerous factors we should orient on several most significant and develop correction scheme for the deficient condition in every region. Aim： to assess vitamin D levels in adolescents residing in Moscow, to correct their calcidiol status based on a baseline blood concentration of the transport metabolite. Materials and methods： 769 adolescents aged 11-18 years were examined and their blood concentration of 25 （OH） D was determined. Then, 218 patients were randomized to 2 groups： the treatment group received food supplement ＂Minisun~ Vitamin D3＂ in tablets, the control group received placebo. Cholecalciferol dosage was prescribed depending on the baseline calcidiol level in patients. The study continued for 6 months, after that blood was re-withdrawn for calcidiol level. Results： low calcidiol provision was observed among school children： median 25 （OH） D was 16.3 [11.4-20.8] ng/mL, only 5.2% of patients had normal blood concentration of calcidiol. There-examination showed significant differences in vitamin D status in the treatment and control group, in the meantime, during cholecalciferol supplementation, median 25 （OH） D in patients of the treatment group was increased from 16.2 [ 12.25-19.3] ng/mL to 24.2 [21.05-26.4] ng/mL （p 〈 0.001）. Conclusions： the larger part of child population--70.6% has 25 （OH） D concentration 〈 20 ng/mL, cholecalciferol doses used in the study allow eliminating calcidiol deficiency and overcome the boundary of 20 ng/mL, but for normalization of vitamin D status in blood of adolescents residing in Moscow higher dosages shall be used which is to be confirmed by further studies.
文摘Purpose Polytrauma is still a challenge for health care organizations.Today,the search for factors to reduce lethality continues.This study aims to describe the causes of death associated with polytrauma in 1 year.Methods This retrospective study analyzed autopsy data of trauma deaths in Moscow for the whole of 2017.We identified victims with polytrauma,taking into account the Berlin definition as the main inclusion criteria with penetrating and blunt trauma.Each forensic report had information about the pre-hospital and hospital stages of treatment and autopsy data.The exclusion criteria for this study were:isolated injury,forensic reports not related to the examination of entire corpses,and autopsy studies of children(<18 years old).Statistical analysis was performed according to basic principles,including a comparison of groups using the Chi-squared test with Bonferroni comparison test and Fisher's exact test.The critical level of significance(p value)in testing statistical hypotheses in this study was taken as 0.05.Results We analyzed 2337 forensic medical examinations of victims who died of trauma in Moscow in 2017,of which 41.5%(n=969)were polytrauma deaths.Most of the victims(65.4%,n=634)died on the scene,and only 30.0%were admitted to the hospital.The most frequent cause of death was bleeding(72.0%,n=698),followed by traumatic brain injury(43.8%,n=424).They accounted for the first peak(78.4%,p=0.005)of deaths,occurring in the first hours.Then these causes of death in the first peak go down in a few hours,and the second peak of mortality appears in 3–7 days(p=0.001).Conclusions This is the largest full-year autopsy study of polytrauma victims.Our data show that the main cause of polytrauma death is massive bleeding,with a lethality peak in the first hours after injury.The time distribution of polytrauma deaths has a bimodal pattern-the second period of polytrauma deaths occurs in 3–7 days.
文摘We read with the great interest the study by Ababneh et al in which inducedmesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were shown to exhibit a stronger andmore sustained anti-proliferative effect by inducing a senescence-like state withoutapoptosis.The results obtained by the authors highlight the features of theeffects of senescent drift induction in surrounding tissues.In the light of thesefindings,the role of the properties of extracellular matrix and cellular glycocalyxin responses of human tumors to therapy remain uninvestigated.These extracellularbarriers appear to be significant obstacles to effective cancer therapy,especiallyin relation to the use of unique properties of tumor microenvironment forthe immunotherapy-resistant cancer treatment.
基金supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation,No.23-75-10041(to MY)。
文摘Optogenetics has revolutionized the field of neuroscience by enabling precise control of neural activity through light-sensitive proteins known as opsins.This review article discusses the fundamental principles of optogenetics,including the activation of both excitatory and inhibitory opsins,as well as the development of optogenetic models that utilize recombinant viral vectors.A considerable portion of the article addresses the limitations of optogenetic tools and explores strategies to overcome these challenges.These strategies include the use of adeno-associated viruses,cell-specific promoters,modified opsins,and methodologies such as bioluminescent optogenetics.The application of viral recombinant vectors,particularly adeno-associated viruses,is emerging as a promising avenue for clinical use in delivering opsins to target cells.This trend indicates the potential for creating tools that offer greater flexibility and accuracy in opsin delivery.The adaptations of these viral vectors provide advantages in optogenetic studies by allowing for the restricted expression of opsins through cell-specific promoters and various viral serotypes.The article also examines different cellular targets for optogenetics,including neurons,astrocytes,microglia,and Schwann cells.Utilizing specific promoters for opsin expression in these cells is essential for achieving precise and efficient stimulation.Research has demonstrated that optogenetic stimulation of both neurons and glial cells-particularly the distinct phenotypes of microglia,astrocytes,and Schwann cells-can have therapeutic effects in neurological diseases.Glial cells are increasingly recognized as important targets for the treatment of these disorders.Furthermore,the article emphasizes the emerging field of bioluminescent optogenetics,which combines optogenetic principles with bioluminescent proteins to visualize and manipulate neural activity in real time.By integrating molecular genetics techniques with bioluminescence,researchers have developed methods to monitor neuronal activity efficiently and less invasively,enhancing our understanding of central nervous system function and the mechanisms of plasticity in neurological disorders beyond traditional neurobiological methods.Evidence has shown that optogenetic modulation can enhance motor axon regeneration,achieve complete sensory reinnervation,and accelerate the recovery of neuromuscular function.This approach also induces complex patterns of coordinated motor neuron activity and promotes neural reorganization.Optogenetic approaches hold immense potential for therapeutic interventions in the central nervous system.They enable precise control of neural circuits and may offer new treatments for neurological disorders,particularly spinal cord injuries,peripheral nerve injuries,and other neurodegenerative diseases.
基金Supported by Russian Science Foundation,No.24-64-00028.
文摘We read with great interest the investigation of Kang et al related the applications of the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-based predictive model for assessing chemotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer patients with gene mutations.The authors focused on decision-making based on the integration of tumor differentiation,signal intensity ratio,margin distance,and magnetic resonance imaging-detected lymph node metastasis.Indeed,these multiparameter predictive models could also be used for diagnosis as an alternative to invasive tissue examination methods.However,progress in this field enables us to shift the paradigm to radiology biopsies,particularly given the nonlinear effects of various radiation sources.
基金funded by the China National Space Administration(KJSP2023020105)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1608100)+2 种基金the NSFC(Grant No.62227901)the Minor Planet Foundationsupported by the Egyptian Science,Technology&Innovation Funding Authority(STDF)under Grant No.48102.
文摘Near-Earth objects are important not only in studying the early formation of the Solar System,but also because they pose a serious hazard to humanity when they make close approaches to the Earth.Study of their physical properties can provide useful information on their origin,evolution,and hazard to human beings.However,it remains challenging to investigate small,newly discovered,near-Earth objects because of our limited observational window.This investigation seeks to determine the visible colors of near-Earth asteroids(NEAs),perform an initial taxonomic classification based on visible colors and analyze possible correlations between the distribution of taxonomic classification and asteroid size or orbital parameters.Observations were performed in the broadband BVRI Johnson−Cousins photometric system,applied to images from the Yaoan High Precision Telescope and the 1.88 m telescope at the Kottamia Astronomical Observatory.We present new photometric observations of 84 near-Earth asteroids,and classify 80 of them taxonomically,based on their photometric colors.We find that nearly half(46.3%)of the objects in our sample can be classified as S-complex,26.3%as C-complex,6%as D-complex,and 15.0%as X-complex;the remaining belong to the A-or V-types.Additionally,we identify three P-type NEAs in our sample,according to the Tholen scheme.The fractional abundances of the C/X-complex members with absolute magnitude H≥17.0 were more than twice as large as those with H<17.0.However,the fractions of C-and S-complex members with diameters≤1 km and>1 km are nearly equal,while X-complex members tend to have sub-kilometer diameters.In our sample,the C/D-complex objects are predominant among those with a Jovian Tisserand parameter of T_(J)<3.1.These bodies could have a cometary origin.C-and S-complex members account for a considerable proportion of the asteroids that are potentially hazardous.
基金This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(RFBR)within scientific project N218-35-20011.
文摘Accelerated soil erosion is a major threat to soil,and there are great variations in the rate of soil erosion over time due to natural and human-induced factors.The temperate forest zone of Russia is character-ized by complex stages of land-use history(i.e.active urbanization,agricultural development,land abandonment,etc.).We have for the first time estimated the rates of soil erosion by the WaTEM/SEDEM model(rainfall erosion)and by a regional model(snowmelt erosion)over the past 250 years(from 1780 to 2019)for a 100-km2 study site in the Moscow region of Russia.The calculations were made on the basis of a detailed historical reconstruction of the following factors:the location of the arable land,crop rotation,the rain erosivity factor,and the maximum snow water equivalent.The area of arable land has decreased more than 3.5-fold over the past 250 years.At the end of the 20th century,the rates of gross erosion had declined more than 5.5-fold(from 28×10^(3) to 5×10^(3) t·ha^(-1)yr^(-1))in comparison with the end of the 18th century.Changes in the boundaries of arable land and also the relief features had led to a significant intra-slope accumulation of sediments.As a result of sediment redeposition within the arable land,the variation in net soil erosion was significantly lower than the variation in gross soil erosion.The changes in arable land area and in crop composition are the factors that have to the greatest extent determined the changes in soil erosion in this territory.
