Objective: To explore the trends of incidence and mortality rates of stroke in Hanzhong rural population. Methods: Acting as the WHO MONICA project. Results: The incidence rate of stroke was 152.9/100 000. There was d...Objective: To explore the trends of incidence and mortality rates of stroke in Hanzhong rural population. Methods: Acting as the WHO MONICA project. Results: The incidence rate of stroke was 152.9/100 000. There was decline trend in male(P<0.05). The mortality rate of stroke was 115.9/100 000. There was no significant decline trend during 18-year period (P<0.05). The incidence and mortality rates of stroke of male were higher than those of female(P<0.05).The incidence and mortality rates were all increased with age(P<0.01). Conclusion: It must stick to the long- term prevention measures to decrease incidence rate, and improve the condition of medical treatment to reduce the mortality rate in rural population.展开更多
Verification of the cases of lung cancef, from Tianjin Cancer Registration System In 1981 - 1987, was conducted. It was suggested that lung cancer incidence and mortality had Increased and ranked first among various m...Verification of the cases of lung cancef, from Tianjin Cancer Registration System In 1981 - 1987, was conducted. It was suggested that lung cancer incidence and mortality had Increased and ranked first among various malignant tumors in that period. In urban area, the standardized incidence of male lung cancer was 44. 27/100,000, and was 24. 19% in malignant events; in female it was 32. 00/100, 000, and 26. 33% respectively. The ratio of male to female was 1.38. In comparing with the standardised Incidence of lung cancer in some other countries and regions, the epidemiology features of the disease in Tianjin were lower In sex ratio and higher in female Incidence, approximately similar to the levels in Shanghai and Beijing.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate serovar and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp isolated from healthy,diseased and necropsied cows and calves in this observational study.Methods:Nineteen isolates recovered from ...Objective:To evaluate serovar and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp isolated from healthy,diseased and necropsied cows and calves in this observational study.Methods:Nineteen isolates recovered from feces and tissues of salmonellosis-affected animals of two commercial farms in north-east of Iran.In second part of the study,the two farms were sampled 4 times with an interval of 2 month.The samples included calves'feces,adult cows'feces,feeds,water,milk filters,and milk fed to calves.Five Salmonella were isolated from 332fecal samples collected from calves and peri-parturient cows.No Salmonella was recovered from water,feed,milk filers and milk fed to calves.Results:Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequently isolate among all sero-groups.S.Dublin was only accounted for 8%(two out of 24)of isolates.Isolated Salmonella strains were used for the ERIC PCR DNA fingerprinting assay.Our results grouped Salmonella isolates into 3 clusters,suggesting that specific genotypes were responsible for each sero-group of Salmonella.The results also revealed diversity among Salmonella isolates in cluster III(sero-group B).Eighteen out of 19 Salmonella spp.were resistant to oxytetracycline.Five isolates out of 19 showed more than one drug resistance.Multi-drug resistance was seen only among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates.Enrofloxacin was the most susceptible antibiotic against all isolates in this study.Conclusion:The emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium should be of great concern to the public.No correlation between ERIC fingerprinting and resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates was found,which indicates resistance to antimicrobial agents was not related to specific genetic background.展开更多
The epidemioiogical features of lung cancer in Beijing during 1977 ?1986 were analysed. The data collected showed that lung cancer ncidence and mortality rates ranks first among all other malignant tumor and had been ...The epidemioiogical features of lung cancer in Beijing during 1977 ?1986 were analysed. The data collected showed that lung cancer ncidence and mortality rates ranks first among all other malignant tumor and had been on the increase from year to year. The mortality rate in urban area was higher than that in its suburbs. While the male incidence was higher than that of the female. The sex ratio of the male to female incidence rates was 1.56. The incidence rate rises with age. The lung cancer is one of the lesser prevised cancer and the five-year relative survival rate is 6.5% for both sexes in 19S2 ?1983. The lung cancer mortality rate in Beijing urban area is compared in this report with other countries in the world, and it is found that the female mortality rate of lung cancer in Beijing is among the highest.展开更多
Objective:To estimate the extent to which abortion in dairy cows was associated with of Neospom caninum(N.caninum) and to determine the risk factors of neosporosis in dairy farms from 9 provinces in Iran.Methods:Polym...Objective:To estimate the extent to which abortion in dairy cows was associated with of Neospom caninum(N.caninum) and to determine the risk factors of neosporosis in dairy farms from 9 provinces in Iran.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) test was used to detect Neospora infection in the brain of 395 bovine aborted fetuses from 9 provinces of Iran.In addition,the brains of aborted fetuses were taken for histopathological examination.To identify the risk factors associated with neosporosis,data analysis was performed by SAS.Results:N.caninum was detected in 179(45%) out of 395 fetal brain samples of bovine aborted fetuses using PCR.Among the PCR-positive brain samples,only 56 samples were suited for histopathological examination.The characteristic lesions of Neospora infection including non-suppurative encephalitis were found in 16(28%) of PCR-positive samples.The risk factors including season,parity of dam,history of bovine virus diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection in herd,cow's milk production,herd size and fetal appearance did not show association with the infection.This study showed that Neospora caused abortion was significantly more in the second trimester of pregnancy than other periods.In addition,a significant association was observed between Neospora infection and stillbirth.Conclusions:The results showed N.caninum infection was detected in high percentage of aborted fetuses.In addition,at least one fourth of abortions caused by Neospora infection.These results indicate increasing number of abortions associated with the protozoa more than reported before in Iran.展开更多
The antiretroviral action of dC14 in vitro has been proven in previous experiments. This paper deals with the effect of dC14 in vivo.Intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cells into mice without dC14 treatment induced ...The antiretroviral action of dC14 in vitro has been proven in previous experiments. This paper deals with the effect of dC14 in vivo.Intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cells into mice without dC14 treatment induced ascitic tumors after a latency of 6 days and death of the mice after 11 days. Both incidence and mortality of disease were 100%. In animals receiving dC14 treatment, the incidence and mortality were less, latency and survival periods were longer. Viral sequences could be detected in tumor cells and in spleens of tumor cell inoculated animals, receiving dC14 treatment or not but could not be detected in normal animals. Studied suggest that the suppressive action of dC14 on the development of mouse SRS ascitic tumor may be through blocking gene expression of virus.展开更多
Background: The lack of cause of death information is the main challenge in monitoring the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing HIV and AIDS-related deaths in countries where the majority of deaths occur a...Background: The lack of cause of death information is the main challenge in monitoring the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing HIV and AIDS-related deaths in countries where the majority of deaths occur at home. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of physician reviewers of verbal autopsies in diagnosing HIV and AIDS-related deaths in the adult population of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Methods: This study was done within the context of a burial surveillance system in Addis Ababa. Trained interviewers completed a standard verbal autopsy questionnaire and an independent panel of physicians reviewed the completed form to assign cause of death. Physicians' review was compared to a reference standard constructed based on prospectively collected HIV-serostatus and patients' hospital record. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to validate the physicians' verbal autopsy diagnoses against reference standards. Results: Physicians accurately identified AIDS-related deaths with sensitivity and specificity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80 - 0.93) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64 - 0.87), respectively. Generally, there was high level of agreement (Cohen's Kappa Statistic (K > 0.6) between the first two physicians with some yearly variations. In 2008 and 2009 there was an almost perfect agreement (K > 0.80). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the agreement level between two independent physicians in diagnosing AIDS-related death is very high and thus using a single verbal autopsy coder is practical for programmatic purposes in countries where there is critical shortage of doctors.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of carotid endoarterectomy in the treatment of extracranial cerebrovascular disease, 26 cases with internal carotid stenosis were performed by three different kinds of surgical endoarterectomy....To evaluate the effects of carotid endoarterectomy in the treatment of extracranial cerebrovascular disease, 26 cases with internal carotid stenosis were performed by three different kinds of surgical endoarterectomy. The satisfactory results were achieved in all the patients, with no complications and mortality occurring. Endoarterectomy is the effective way to treat the extracranial cerebrovascular disease.展开更多
Michela PICCIN （IHAC, NENU, Changchun）MORTALITY AND FAME IN AKKADIAN TEXTS （pp. 1–25）Not all topics can be treated in the same way. Some are too intimate or thorny to be discussed without precautions in our use o...Michela PICCIN （IHAC, NENU, Changchun）MORTALITY AND FAME IN AKKADIAN TEXTS （pp. 1–25）Not all topics can be treated in the same way. Some are too intimate or thorny to be discussed without precautions in our use of language. One of these topics is undoubtedly death, a timeless and placeless taboo in which psychological, religious, and social interdictions are embodied. The aim of this paper is to explore the linguistic devices that Akkadian speakers used to tone down the taboo and cope with death. To address the issue, written sources, belonging to diferent genres and time periods, are examined.展开更多
From 1973 to 1989, 90 cases of obstructing carcinoma of the left colon were treated with five different operative procedures, the Incidence of anastomotic leakage was 6.7%, the operative mortality was 7. 8%. Among all...From 1973 to 1989, 90 cases of obstructing carcinoma of the left colon were treated with five different operative procedures, the Incidence of anastomotic leakage was 6.7%, the operative mortality was 7. 8%. Among all the patients, 14 cases were treated by primary resection with anastomosis. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 6 cases, and 5 of them were died. Of 25 cases with the traditional staged management, the tumors were resected only in 20 cases, and not resectable in the other 5 patients. 19 with modified Hartmann's procedure and 26 with extended right hemlcolectomy with ileorectal or low ileosigmoid anastomosis gave satisfactory results. In terms of this series, the five-year survival rate in primary resection group was significantly higher than that in staged resection group (P< 0. 05). It is suggested that extented right hemlcolectomy or modified Hartmann' s procedure in cases of acute cancerous obstruction of the left colon would be favord.展开更多
Objectives To test the feasibility of the use of high thoracic epidural anesthesia as a sole anesthetic in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass surgery, avoiding general anesthesia. Methods Between Octo...Objectives To test the feasibility of the use of high thoracic epidural anesthesia as a sole anesthetic in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass surgery, avoiding general anesthesia. Methods Between October 2002 to April 2003, twenty five cases underwent beating heart coronary artery revascularization without endotracheal general anesthesia, using high thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia. All the patients underwent epidural catheterization on the evening before the surgery. Resuits The patients in all received 71 grafts (single n = 11, double n = 5, triple n = 6, quadruple n = 3). Six patients underwent repeat coronary artery bypass. Except one was converted to general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass, the other patients underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 2 patients underwent grafting via left thoracotomy (MIDCAB) and the rest through mid sternotomy. There was no mortality. Mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 16 .2 ( 4.2 hours and hospital was 3.0(1.2 days. Conclusions Our experience confirms the feasibility of performing multiple coronary artery bypasses in conscious patients without endotracheal general anesthesia展开更多
Women living with human immunodeficiency viruses(WLHIV)are six times more likely to develop cervical cancer than the general population;they represent less than 1%of the world’s population,but account for more than 5...Women living with human immunodeficiency viruses(WLHIV)are six times more likely to develop cervical cancer than the general population;they represent less than 1%of the world’s population,but account for more than 5%of cervical cancers[1].WLHIV also have higher prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection with high-risk oncogenic genotypes(HR-HPV)than the general population[2].展开更多
Cognitive health is a major determinant of human survival and quality of life.As an increasing proportion of the global population reaches old age(defined as 60 years and older),dementia has become a public health and...Cognitive health is a major determinant of human survival and quality of life.As an increasing proportion of the global population reaches old age(defined as 60 years and older),dementia has become a public health and social care priority.[1]China contains about 15.07 million people with dementia,accounting for 25%of the world’s total dementia population.[2]Due to a relatively high proportion of individuals reaching old age,China is expected to have the sharpest increase in dementia cases of any country over the next few decades,causing ever-greater social and economic impacts.展开更多
文摘Objective: To explore the trends of incidence and mortality rates of stroke in Hanzhong rural population. Methods: Acting as the WHO MONICA project. Results: The incidence rate of stroke was 152.9/100 000. There was decline trend in male(P<0.05). The mortality rate of stroke was 115.9/100 000. There was no significant decline trend during 18-year period (P<0.05). The incidence and mortality rates of stroke of male were higher than those of female(P<0.05).The incidence and mortality rates were all increased with age(P<0.01). Conclusion: It must stick to the long- term prevention measures to decrease incidence rate, and improve the condition of medical treatment to reduce the mortality rate in rural population.
文摘Verification of the cases of lung cancef, from Tianjin Cancer Registration System In 1981 - 1987, was conducted. It was suggested that lung cancer incidence and mortality had Increased and ranked first among various malignant tumors in that period. In urban area, the standardized incidence of male lung cancer was 44. 27/100,000, and was 24. 19% in malignant events; in female it was 32. 00/100, 000, and 26. 33% respectively. The ratio of male to female was 1.38. In comparing with the standardised Incidence of lung cancer in some other countries and regions, the epidemiology features of the disease in Tianjin were lower In sex ratio and higher in female Incidence, approximately similar to the levels in Shanghai and Beijing.
基金supported by research fund of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(grant number:353-88/4/20)center of excellence in ruminant abortion and neonatal mortality(project number:342-89/4/7)
文摘Objective:To evaluate serovar and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp isolated from healthy,diseased and necropsied cows and calves in this observational study.Methods:Nineteen isolates recovered from feces and tissues of salmonellosis-affected animals of two commercial farms in north-east of Iran.In second part of the study,the two farms were sampled 4 times with an interval of 2 month.The samples included calves'feces,adult cows'feces,feeds,water,milk filters,and milk fed to calves.Five Salmonella were isolated from 332fecal samples collected from calves and peri-parturient cows.No Salmonella was recovered from water,feed,milk filers and milk fed to calves.Results:Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequently isolate among all sero-groups.S.Dublin was only accounted for 8%(two out of 24)of isolates.Isolated Salmonella strains were used for the ERIC PCR DNA fingerprinting assay.Our results grouped Salmonella isolates into 3 clusters,suggesting that specific genotypes were responsible for each sero-group of Salmonella.The results also revealed diversity among Salmonella isolates in cluster III(sero-group B).Eighteen out of 19 Salmonella spp.were resistant to oxytetracycline.Five isolates out of 19 showed more than one drug resistance.Multi-drug resistance was seen only among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates.Enrofloxacin was the most susceptible antibiotic against all isolates in this study.Conclusion:The emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium should be of great concern to the public.No correlation between ERIC fingerprinting and resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates was found,which indicates resistance to antimicrobial agents was not related to specific genetic background.
文摘The epidemioiogical features of lung cancer in Beijing during 1977 ?1986 were analysed. The data collected showed that lung cancer ncidence and mortality rates ranks first among all other malignant tumor and had been on the increase from year to year. The mortality rate in urban area was higher than that in its suburbs. While the male incidence was higher than that of the female. The sex ratio of the male to female incidence rates was 1.56. The incidence rate rises with age. The lung cancer is one of the lesser prevised cancer and the five-year relative survival rate is 6.5% for both sexes in 19S2 ?1983. The lung cancer mortality rate in Beijing urban area is compared in this report with other countries in the world, and it is found that the female mortality rate of lung cancer in Beijing is among the highest.
基金Supported by research fund of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.Mashhad.Iran.(Grant No.3/25975)
文摘Objective:To estimate the extent to which abortion in dairy cows was associated with of Neospom caninum(N.caninum) and to determine the risk factors of neosporosis in dairy farms from 9 provinces in Iran.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) test was used to detect Neospora infection in the brain of 395 bovine aborted fetuses from 9 provinces of Iran.In addition,the brains of aborted fetuses were taken for histopathological examination.To identify the risk factors associated with neosporosis,data analysis was performed by SAS.Results:N.caninum was detected in 179(45%) out of 395 fetal brain samples of bovine aborted fetuses using PCR.Among the PCR-positive brain samples,only 56 samples were suited for histopathological examination.The characteristic lesions of Neospora infection including non-suppurative encephalitis were found in 16(28%) of PCR-positive samples.The risk factors including season,parity of dam,history of bovine virus diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection in herd,cow's milk production,herd size and fetal appearance did not show association with the infection.This study showed that Neospora caused abortion was significantly more in the second trimester of pregnancy than other periods.In addition,a significant association was observed between Neospora infection and stillbirth.Conclusions:The results showed N.caninum infection was detected in high percentage of aborted fetuses.In addition,at least one fourth of abortions caused by Neospora infection.These results indicate increasing number of abortions associated with the protozoa more than reported before in Iran.
文摘The antiretroviral action of dC14 in vitro has been proven in previous experiments. This paper deals with the effect of dC14 in vivo.Intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cells into mice without dC14 treatment induced ascitic tumors after a latency of 6 days and death of the mice after 11 days. Both incidence and mortality of disease were 100%. In animals receiving dC14 treatment, the incidence and mortality were less, latency and survival periods were longer. Viral sequences could be detected in tumor cells and in spleens of tumor cell inoculated animals, receiving dC14 treatment or not but could not be detected in normal animals. Studied suggest that the suppressive action of dC14 on the development of mouse SRS ascitic tumor may be through blocking gene expression of virus.
文摘Background: The lack of cause of death information is the main challenge in monitoring the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing HIV and AIDS-related deaths in countries where the majority of deaths occur at home. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of physician reviewers of verbal autopsies in diagnosing HIV and AIDS-related deaths in the adult population of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Methods: This study was done within the context of a burial surveillance system in Addis Ababa. Trained interviewers completed a standard verbal autopsy questionnaire and an independent panel of physicians reviewed the completed form to assign cause of death. Physicians' review was compared to a reference standard constructed based on prospectively collected HIV-serostatus and patients' hospital record. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to validate the physicians' verbal autopsy diagnoses against reference standards. Results: Physicians accurately identified AIDS-related deaths with sensitivity and specificity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80 - 0.93) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64 - 0.87), respectively. Generally, there was high level of agreement (Cohen's Kappa Statistic (K > 0.6) between the first two physicians with some yearly variations. In 2008 and 2009 there was an almost perfect agreement (K > 0.80). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the agreement level between two independent physicians in diagnosing AIDS-related death is very high and thus using a single verbal autopsy coder is practical for programmatic purposes in countries where there is critical shortage of doctors.
文摘To evaluate the effects of carotid endoarterectomy in the treatment of extracranial cerebrovascular disease, 26 cases with internal carotid stenosis were performed by three different kinds of surgical endoarterectomy. The satisfactory results were achieved in all the patients, with no complications and mortality occurring. Endoarterectomy is the effective way to treat the extracranial cerebrovascular disease.
文摘Michela PICCIN （IHAC, NENU, Changchun）MORTALITY AND FAME IN AKKADIAN TEXTS （pp. 1–25）Not all topics can be treated in the same way. Some are too intimate or thorny to be discussed without precautions in our use of language. One of these topics is undoubtedly death, a timeless and placeless taboo in which psychological, religious, and social interdictions are embodied. The aim of this paper is to explore the linguistic devices that Akkadian speakers used to tone down the taboo and cope with death. To address the issue, written sources, belonging to diferent genres and time periods, are examined.
文摘From 1973 to 1989, 90 cases of obstructing carcinoma of the left colon were treated with five different operative procedures, the Incidence of anastomotic leakage was 6.7%, the operative mortality was 7. 8%. Among all the patients, 14 cases were treated by primary resection with anastomosis. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 6 cases, and 5 of them were died. Of 25 cases with the traditional staged management, the tumors were resected only in 20 cases, and not resectable in the other 5 patients. 19 with modified Hartmann's procedure and 26 with extended right hemlcolectomy with ileorectal or low ileosigmoid anastomosis gave satisfactory results. In terms of this series, the five-year survival rate in primary resection group was significantly higher than that in staged resection group (P< 0. 05). It is suggested that extented right hemlcolectomy or modified Hartmann' s procedure in cases of acute cancerous obstruction of the left colon would be favord.
文摘Objectives To test the feasibility of the use of high thoracic epidural anesthesia as a sole anesthetic in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass surgery, avoiding general anesthesia. Methods Between October 2002 to April 2003, twenty five cases underwent beating heart coronary artery revascularization without endotracheal general anesthesia, using high thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia. All the patients underwent epidural catheterization on the evening before the surgery. Resuits The patients in all received 71 grafts (single n = 11, double n = 5, triple n = 6, quadruple n = 3). Six patients underwent repeat coronary artery bypass. Except one was converted to general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass, the other patients underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, 2 patients underwent grafting via left thoracotomy (MIDCAB) and the rest through mid sternotomy. There was no mortality. Mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 16 .2 ( 4.2 hours and hospital was 3.0(1.2 days. Conclusions Our experience confirms the feasibility of performing multiple coronary artery bypasses in conscious patients without endotracheal general anesthesia
基金supported by the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD)Marseille,France+5 种基金the National Cancer Institute(INCA)France(grant number:2011-169)the Fondation de France(grant number:14942)funded by Chiang Mai Universitythe follow-up of the WLHIV was partially supported by the Global Funds to Fight AIDS,Tuberculosis and Malaria(GFATM)(grant number:PR-A_N_008 RCC)Patumrat Sripan received a grant from the Office of the International Relations and Partnerships at Ined for her one-month stays as visiting researcher in 2023 and 2024.
文摘Women living with human immunodeficiency viruses(WLHIV)are six times more likely to develop cervical cancer than the general population;they represent less than 1%of the world’s population,but account for more than 5%of cervical cancers[1].WLHIV also have higher prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV)infection with high-risk oncogenic genotypes(HR-HPV)than the general population[2].
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3602600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82220108009,81970996)STI2030-Major Projects(No.2021ZD0201801)
文摘Cognitive health is a major determinant of human survival and quality of life.As an increasing proportion of the global population reaches old age(defined as 60 years and older),dementia has become a public health and social care priority.[1]China contains about 15.07 million people with dementia,accounting for 25%of the world’s total dementia population.[2]Due to a relatively high proportion of individuals reaching old age,China is expected to have the sharpest increase in dementia cases of any country over the next few decades,causing ever-greater social and economic impacts.
